Abstract
Extensively raised beef cattle contribute to the highest levels of enteric methane (CH4) gas emissions among all livestock. Expensive techniques and logistics hinder monitoring of such gas. Therefore, the objective of this study was to use an inexpensive laser methane detector (LMD) apparatus to determine the enteric CH4 levels from a herd of beef cows raised on semi-arid rangelands. A total of 24 cows were selected from Boran and Nguni cows (n = 12 per breed) from two different farms. The parities of the cows were as follows: parity 1 (n = 6), parity 2 (n = 6), parity 3 (n = 6) and parity 4 (n = 6). An observer used a hand-held LMD to measure enteric CH4 emissions plumes during the late afternoon hours when the animals were resting (either standing or lying down). Point measurements (expressed in ppm/m) were taken for six consecutive days and repeated once after every three months. The ratio of CH4 output per kilogramme DMI was not different in within-breed and between-breed in both seasons. Generally, the dry season recorded the highest CH4 output per kilogramme of live weight of cow. For example, Boran cows in parity 2 produced the highest output of 1.0 ± 0.04 g CH4 per kilogramme live weight of cow while Nguni cows in parities 1, 2 and 4 each produced 0.9 ± 0.04 g CH4 per kilogramme live weight of cow in the dry season. All the animals maintained optimal body condition scores in both seasons (ranging between the lowest of 3.2 ± 0.01 and the highest of 3.4 ± 0.01). Based on the results of the study, it is concluded that cows from both herds produced higher CH4 per kilogramme live weight of cow in the dry season while maintaining optimal body condition scores in both seasons.
Highlights
Available information on enteric methane (CH4) output from extensively raised beef cattle under extensive arid and semi-arid African environments varies from limited to non-existent
Given that extensively reared cattle must conform to acceptable ranges of carbon footprint in the future, there is a need to develop an inexpensive method to determine how much greenhouse gas (GHG) is emitted by such breeds
All the cows maintained a similar range of daily enteric CH4 output throughout the six-day sampling period for both seasons
Summary
Available information on enteric methane (CH4) output from extensively raised beef cattle under extensive arid and semi-arid African environments varies from limited to non-existent. Two thirds of the total land area in South Africa receives an average annual rainfall of less than 500 mm, and a further 21% is arid receiving less than 200 mm of rainfall per year (Basson 2011). It means most of the South African farms are located in arid and semi-arid drylands. Nguni cattle are of Sanga origin, and research has shown that they can cope and adapt to extensive environments where nutrition is limiting. Given that extensively reared cattle must conform to acceptable ranges of carbon footprint in the future, there is a need to develop an inexpensive method to determine how much greenhouse gas (GHG) is emitted by such breeds
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