Methacryloxy Propyl Trimethoxyl Silane Research Articles

Fabrication of UV-Curable Polysiloxane Coating with Tunable Refractive Index Based on Controllable Hydrolysis.

In order to improve laser transmission efficiency at 1053 nm and 527 nm, a potassium deuterium phosphate (DKDP) crystal (a key component of high-power laser systems) needs a bi-layer antireflection coating system on its incident surface. UV-curable polysiloxane coatings with a refractive index varying from 1.500 to 1.485 were prepared through the polycondensation of a methacryloxy propyl trimethoxylsilane (MPS) monomer with a controllable degree of hydrolysis. Additionally, the influence rule of the coating structure on the refractive index was intensively studied, and the primary factors that dominate the hydrolysis process were discussed. Further refractive index adjustment was achieved using only a small amount of dopant based on the polysiloxane coating with refractive index of 1.485, allowing for high antireflection of the bi-layer coating system at desired wavelengths to be achieved. In addition, high laser damage resistance and remarkable mechanical properties of the coating were simultaneously realized through the incorporation of a minor quantity of dopants, which benefited from the successful modulation of the intrinsic refractive index of the polysiloxane coating.

LDPE/M-TiO2 composite films for modified atmosphere packaging to realize comprehensive preservation of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.).

A shelf-life that is too short is the main problem with strawberries. Nano-TiO2 can catalyze and oxidize ethylene under ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation to eliminate its ripening effect on fruits and prolong the freshness period. In this work, nano-TiO2 modified by methacryloxy propyl trimethoxyl silane (KH570) was blended with low-density polyethylene (LDPE) to prepare modified atmosphere packaging (MAP), and the influence of TiO2 content on films was analyzed before and after UV treatment. The results show that the modified nano-TiO2 (M-TiO2 ) can be uniformly distributed in LDPE, improving its mechanical strength, hydrophobicity, oxygen barrier and UV shielding properties. A modified atmosphere with low ethylene, low O2 and high CO2 can be created to inhibit the ripening and spoilage of strawberries. The weight loss rate of fruit can be effectively reduced. The tendency of fruit firmness decline and nutrient loss can be slowed and stabilized, contributing to controllable shelf-life. Excellent freshness preservation function can be realized without special UV treatment. Since UV treatment is rare in actual storage and transportation, LDPE/M-TiO2 composite film has practical value as MAP for strawberry and similar non-climacteric fruits. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

Influence of Sealing Treatment on the Corrosion Resistance of PEO Coated Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloy in Various Environments

In the present work, a coating was prepared on an Al alloy substrate by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO). To seal the micro defects in the oxide scale, a siloxane layer was prepared on the PEO coating by sol gel method. The polymer sealant was synthesized from Tetraethoxy silane (TEOS) and methacryloxy propyl trimethoxyl silane (MPTES). The chemical structure of the polymer was studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The morphologies and microstructure of the PEO coating and siloxane coating were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that siloxane formed a continuous layer on the surface and effectively sealed the micro defects. The corrosion behavior of the coatings in three different corrosion solutions (NaCl, HCl, and NaOH) was examined by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization. The corrosion resistance of the sealed coatings was superior to that of the PEO coating because it prevented the penetration of corrosive solutions. The corrosion resistance of the sealed coatings was found to decrease with increasing electrolyte concentration. The work demonstrated that siloxane sealing may greatly enhance the corrosion resistance of Al-based PEO coating in acidic, neutral, and alkaline environments.

Inhibition performance of amidocyanogen silanol in water-based drilling fluid

In this study, a series of amidocyanogen silanols (HASes) modified by methacryloxy propyl trimethoxyl silane (MPS) with polyethylene polyamine was introduced as potential shale inhibitors, thus providing the development and application of high-temperature resistant shale inhibitors in water-based drilling fluids. One shale inhibitor was selected based on cuttings dispersion tests. The results indicated that the shale inhibitor prepared with tetraethylenepentamine and MPS with the mole ratio of 1:2 (named HAS-8) was the best. The inhibition performance of HAS-8 was evaluated with the cuttings dispersion test, linear swelling test, and bentonite inhibition test, and was compared with the performance of currently available polyamine inhibitors. The results indicated that HAS-8 can effectively inhibit the hydration swelling and dispersion of clay, and that its temperature resistance is significantly better than that of polyamine inhibitors. The inhibition mechanism of HAS-8 was investigated with X-ray diffraction, adsorption measurement, and thermogravimetric and transmission electron microscope analysis. The mechanism is the adsorption on the clay surface and the intercalation of the interlayer, which inhibited the surface hydration and osmotic hydration of the clay. In field application of Bei 9 well, the HAS-8 effectively inhibits the hydration of water-sensitive cuttings and maintains the wellbore stability of the shale formation, providing a guarantee for safe and fast drilling.

Hybrid mesoporous silica nanospheres modified by poly (NIPAM-co-AA) for drug delivery

The synthesis of drug delivery systems based on surface-modified mesoporous silica hollow structures remains a huge challenge. In this paper, we have obtained hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) by surfactant directed sol-gel assisted hydrothermal treatment. The MSNs have the inorganic-organic hybrid frameworks with uniform diameter distribution (260 nm), and their specific surface area, mesoporous size and pore volume are 540 m2 g−1, 3.7 nm, 0.58 cm3 g−1, respectively. It was proved that the preparation of hollow ethane-bridged nanospheres with two silicon source was due to the high crosslinking of the silicone interface and hydrothermal treatment, providing a new approach for the study of drug-loaded and controlled release behavior. Based on the synthesis of MSNs, MSNs were modified by methacryloxy propyl trimethoxyl silane (MPS) on the surface of MSNs. Then N-isopropylacryamide (NIPAM) and acrylic acid (AA) were grafted onto the surface of modified MSNs. The hollow ethane-bridged PNA–MSNs (poly (NIPAM-co-acrylic acid)-MSNs) with two silicon source were prepared successfully. Due to their distinctive hollow structure, PNA–MSNs demonstrated high drug encapsulation efficiency (70.4% ± 2.9%). The experiment results proved that the modified hollow nanoparticles not only had good biocompatibility and stability, but also possessed pH-/thermal-dual responsiveness in drug release.

Investigation of Flame Retardant Flexible Polyurethane Foams Containing DOPO Immobilized Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles.

In this work, a multi-functional nanoparticle (TiO2-KH570-DOPO) has been successfully synthesized through the attachment of 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO)-methacryloxy propyl trimethoxyl silane on the surface of titanium dioxide (TiO2). Supercritical carbon dioxide was used as the solvent in order to increase the grafting level. The chemical structure of TiO2-KH570-DOPO was fully characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectra, thermogravimetric analysis and transmission electron microscopy. The modified TiO2 was incorporated into flexible polyurethane foam (FPUF). The fire performance of FPUF blends was evaluated using microscale combustion calorimetry. Peak heat release rate and total heat release values were reduced from 657.0 W/g and 28.9 kJ/g for neat FPUF sample to 519.2 W/g and 26.8 kJ/g of FPUF specimen containing 10 wt % of TiO2-KH570-DOPO. Analysis of thermal stability and the observation of char formation suggests that TiO2-KH570-DOPO is active in the condensed phase.

Robust and underwater superoleophobic coating with excellent corrosion and biofouling resistance in harsh environments

Underwater superoleophobic surfaces are based on the surface with micro-/nanoscale roughness and hydration layer. But the self-cleaning surfaces are usually mechanically weak and will lose their underwater superoleophobicity when the surfaces are corroded or damaged. In this paper, to overcome these problems, the robust underwater superoleophobic coating (HN/ER-coating) has been fabricated successfully through MPS (methacryloxy propyl trimethoxyl silane)-SiO2/PNIPAM (N-isopropylacryamide) hybrid nanoparticles and epoxy resin (ER) via a simple solution-casting method. The SiO2/PNIPAM hybrid nanoparticles can enhance multiscale roughness and excellent abrasion-resistant property, and the epoxy resin can be used as an interlayer between hybrid nanoparticles and substrates to promote the robustness and corrosion resistance of the coating. The obtained coatings have excellent underwater superoleophobicity, and exhibit highly stability in harsh environments (including acid-base, strong ionic strength, mechanical abrasion). Moreover, this coating can provide protective effect on the substrate in corrosive solution, and may also resist bacterial attachment and subsequent biofilm formation because of the presence of high density PNIPAM polymers. Herein, the developed underwater superoleophobic coating can be applied as an effective platform for the applications in underwater instruments, underwater oil transport, marine oil platform and ships.

Photo- and thermo-oxidative aging of polypropylene filled with surface modified fumed nanosilica

Fumed nanosilica (FS) was treated separately by different silane coupling agents, including n-dodecyl-trimethoxyl silane (DTMS), aminoethylaminopropyl-trimethoxyl silane (AEAPS), aminopropyl-trimethoxyl silane (APS) and methacryloxypropyl-trimethoxyl silane (MAPS). Their influences on photo- and thermo-oxidative aging of polypropylene were evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The photoaging of polypropylene was accelerated by the MAPS-modified FS but delayed by the neat FS and other modified FS. On the other hand, the thermal and thermo-oxidative stability of polypropylene were improved with the incorporation of the nanoparticles, independent of the modification. The AEAPS-modified FS and the APS-modified FS revealed simultaneously noticeable enhancement in both photo-stability and thermo-oxidative stability of polypropylene. The possible mechanism was discussed.

Preparation of hydrophobic organic-silicanano composites

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we use silica nanoparticles modified by methacryloxy propyl trimethoxylsilane (KH570) as the core material, and employ polymers including hexafluorobutyl methacrylate (HFMA), dodecafluoroheptyl methacrylate (DFMA) and acrylic ester as the shell materials to prepare the hydrophobic inorganic–organic hybrid nanocomposites with a seed emulsion polymerization strategy. The size, morphologyandproperties of the core-shell structured nanoparticles are investigated by TEM and SEM. The results showthat the polymer nanocomposite has three concentric layers with silica nanoparticles in the center, acrylic polymer as the internal shell and fluorosilicone polymer as the outmost shell. By controlling the ratio of the silica nanoparticles and monomers, we can achieve each composite particle has the core-shell structure with silica nanoparticles as the core and the thin layer of fluorosilicone polymer as the shell. Compared with the traditional polymer film, the nanocomposite film shows a hydrophobic property with a contact angle of up to 100 degree. Therefore, it is feasible to prepare hydrophobic organic–inorganic nanocomposites using the method proposed here.

Organic-Inorganic Hydrophobic Nanocomposite Film with a Core-Shell Structure.

A method to prepare novel organic-inorganic hydrophobic nanocomposite films was proposed by a site-specific polymerization process. The inorganic part, the core of the nanocomposite, is a ternary SiO2–Al2O3–TiO2 nanoparticles, which is grafted with methacryloxy propyl trimethoxyl silane (KH570), and wrapped by fluoride and siloxane polymers. The synthesized samples are characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrscopy, X-ray diffractometry (XRD), contact angle meter (CA), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results indicate that the novel organic-inorganic hydrophobic nanocomposite with a core-shell structure was synthesized successfully. XRD analysis reveals the nanocomposite film has an amorphous structure, and FTIR analysis indicates the nanoparticles react with a silane coupling agent (methacryloxy propyl trimethoxyl silane KH570). Interestingly, the morphology of the nanoparticle film is influenced by the composition of the core. Further, comparing with the film synthesized by silica nanoparticles, the film formed from SiO2–Al2O3–TiO2 nanoparticles has higher hydrophobic performance, i.e., the contact angle is greater than 101.7°. In addition, the TEM analysis reveals that the crystal structure of the particles can be changed at high temperatures.

Comparison with adsorption of Re (VII) by two different γ-radiation synthesized silica-grafting of vinylimidazole/4-vinylpyridine adsorbents

Two silica gel based adsorbents for Re (VII), i.e. SS-MPTS-VIMH and SS-MPTS-VPQ, were synthesised. Silica gel was used as the matrix for γ-radiation grafting, and the monomer of 1-vinyl imidazole (VIM) and 4-vinylpyridine (4-VP) was grafted onto the silica silanized by methacryloxy propyl trimethoxyl silane, respectively. A VIM concentration of 2molL−1 and an absorbed dose of 30kGy were the optimal grafting conditions for adsorbent SS-MPTS-VIM, and a 4-VP concentration of 4molL−1 and an absorbed dose of 40kGy were the optimal grafting conditions for adsorbent SS-MPTS-VP. At the certain condition, the grafting yield of SS-MPTS-VIM was 30.1% and that of SS-MPTS-VP was 21.0%. The adsorption capacity of adsorbent SS-MPTS-VIMH was 145.99mgg−1 and that of SS-MPTS-VPQ was 71.08mgg−1 according to the Langmuir model. The adsorbent SS-MPTS-VPQ had better adsorption properties of acid resistance and anti-interference than SS-MPTS-VIMH. Dynamic column experiments showed that protonated adsorbent SS-MTPS-VIMH could be recycled with good performance while quaternized adsorbent SS-MPTS-VPQ could not. The adsorbent SS-MPTS-VIMH belongs to weak anion exchange adsorbent and SS-MPTS-VPQ belongs to strong anion exchange adsorbent. This study paves a way to the synthesis and application of a novel silica base adsorbents for Re (VII).

Preparation of acrylate copolymer modified byTiO2nanoparticles with excellent photo‐oxidative stability for application in ancient ivory conservation

ABSTRACTIn this work, acrylate copolymer has been fabricated by graft copolymerization of acrylate monomer (EMA:EA is 70:30) with functional TiO2nanoparticles, which was surface‐modified by the silane coupling agent methacryloxy propyl trimethoxyl silane (KH570) to attach active ends. The structure and properties of the copolymer were characterized by FT‐IR, FE‐SEM, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, ultraviolet‐visible spectra, and discoloration. Characterization revealed that functional TiO2particles were grafted onto the chain of the acrylate copolymer and the acrylate copolymer showed excellent photo‐oxidative stability and transparency. The acrylate copolymer was applied to protect and consolidate ancient ivory by surface coating without destruction of chemical structure. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2016,133, 43291.

Synthesis and Morphology Control of Janus Nanomaterials

We propose a facile method to synthesize Janus nanomaterials by seed interfacial sol-gel process against a polystyrene (PS) hollow sphere using three precursor silanes, (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES), methacryloxy propyl trimethoxyl silane (MPS) and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS). The sol-gel process starts from the exterior surface of the seed sphere. Janus nanomaterials were formed in situ onto the seed sphere surface after a self-organized sol-gel process, which possess 3-methacryloxypropyl- and amine-groups terminated at both sides of the shell. Morphology of the Janus nanomaterials could be tunable from intact shell, nanosheet, porous nanosheet and individual nanoparticles by controlling pH, precursor amount and the fraction of binary emulsifier system. After the removal of PS by dissolution under ultrasonication, Janus nanoparticles were eventually achieved. This method is attractive owing to the easiness to continuously adjust morphology of the Janus nanomaterials. On the other hand, composition of the nanomaterials is also flexibly tunable by using different precursors. What's more, the Janus nanomaterials can derive other Janus ones after selective modification and favorable growth of desired materials onto the corresponding side.

High‐mechanical‐strength ferrohydrogels with a magnetically dispersed phase as multifunctional crosslinkers

ABSTRACTIn this article, we report a facile strategy for preparing high‐mechanical‐strength ferrohydrogels containing magnetic nanoparticles homodispersed by a thermodynamically stable Pickering emulsion (PE). After the monomers were mixed with the PE, including methacryloxy propyl trimethoxyl silane emulsified by ferric oxide (Fe2O3) nanoparticles as the dispersed phase, hydrogels were synthesized by free‐radical polymerization. In contrast to conventional hydrogels crosslinked by a molecular crosslinker, in our new approach, the magnetic PE particles served as individual, multifunctional crosslinkers. Characterizations of the swelling behavior, the mechanical properties, and other properties indicated that our ferrohydrogels exhibited outstanding physical performances that were superior to those of traditional hydrogels and magnetic responsiveness. These ferrohydrogels may have applications in soft and controllable actuators. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41950.

Fabrication of Siloxane Hybrid Material With High Adhesion and High Refractive Index for Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) Encapsulation

A novel inorganic-organic siloxane hybrid material with self-adhesion ability and high refractive index for high-power light emitting diodes (LEDs) encapsulation is introduced. Under the catalysis of an anion exchange resin, the hybrid material was synthesized by a sol-gel condensation process from methacryloxy propyl trimethoxyl silane (MPTS), γ-(2, 3-epoxypropoxy)propytrimethoxysilane (EPTS) and diphenylsilanediol (DPSD). This hybrid material was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and 1H-NMR. The resin-type encapsulation material was then prepared by hydrosilylation of the newly synthesized inorganic-organic siloxane hybrid material and methylphenyl hydrogen-containing silicone resin. The cured silicone resin-type encapsulation material can be used as a LEDs encapsulant, owing to high refractive index (n = 1.544), high transparency, appropriate hardness, and excellent thermal stability, as well as good adhesive strength between the encapsulating material and the substrate of LED lead frame.

Synthesis and Properties of Polyacrylate Hybrid Latexes Containing Fluorine and Silicon

In this paper, a series of fluoro-silicone -containing acrylate emulsion (FSiAE) have been prepared through pre-emulsified semi-continuous seed emulsion method with OP-10, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as the emulsifier, ammonium persulfate (APS) as the initiator, methyl methacrylate (MMA) and butyl acrylate (BA) as the main monomers, 2,2,3,4,4,4-hexafluorobutyl methacrylate (G02) and methacryloxy propyl trimethoxyl silane (KH-570) as the functional monomers, The effect of the content of fluoro-silicone -containing monomer on the properties of acrylate emulsion and their films, such as the contact angle, water absorption, viscosity and hardness was investigated. The results show that functional monomers had effectively copolymerized with acrylic monomers, and the introduction of fluoro-silicone into the polyacrylate emulsion system did make the viscosity of the emulsion increased, the water absorption and the surface energy of the film decreased.

Synthesis of an adhesion‐enhancing polysiloxane containing epoxy groups for addition‐cure silicone light emitting diodes encapsulant

Addition‐cure silicone resin is considered as a good choice for light emitting diodes (LEDs); however, it has very poor adhesion to the substrate, which limits its practical application. A novel polysiloxane with self‐adhesion ability and higher refractive index for the encapsulating of high‐power LEDs is prepared and characterized. This polysiloxane containing vinyl groups, phenyl groups, and epoxy groups was synthesized by a sol‐gel condensation process from methacryloxy propyl trimethoxyl silane, γ‐(2,3‐epoxypropoxy)propytrimethoxysilane, and diphenylsilanediol under the catalysis of an anion exchange resin. Then, the resin‐type encapsulation material was prepared by hydrosilylation of methylphenyl hydrogen‐containing silicone resin and the newly synthesized polysiloxane material. The novel polysiloxane was characterized by 1H‐NMR and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. On the basis of higher refractive index, higher transparency, excellent thermal stability, and appropriate hardness, as well as good adhesive strength between the encapsulating material and the LED lead frame (polyphthalamide), the curable silicone resin‐type encapsulation material can be used as an encapsulant for LEDs. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Effects of silsesquioxane coating structure on mechanical interfacial properties of carbon fibre/polyarylacetylene composites

Carbon fibres (CF) were treated with different coatings, including [3-(methacryloxy)propyl]trimethoxylsilane (MPMS), [3-(methacryloxy)propyl]silsesquioxane (MPMS-SSO), and (methacryloxy)propyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (Methacryl-POSS), to improve the interfacial properties of carbon fibre reinforced polyarylacetylene (PAA) matrix composites. MPMS-SSO was obtained from the hydrolytic condensation of MPMS. The complicated structure, including cage and ladder one, of MPMS-SSO may be assigned by Fourier transforms infrared (FT-IR) spectra, 1H, 13C and 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and ultraviolet matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UV-MALDI-TOF MS). Interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) was tested to investigate the effect of coating structure on the interfacial bonding. The values of ILSS of untreated and treated CF/PAA composites with different coatings (MPMS, MPMS-SSO and Methacryl-POSS) show that the treatment effect of Methacryl-POSS coating is the best one and the MPMS-SSO coating is better than that of MPMS coating. SEM micrographs of shear fracture of CF/PAA composites also suggested the different coating treatment effects. The differences of increasing degrees of ILSS indicate that the structure of coating is important when silsesquioxanes are used as coatings to treat fibre surface for building up the adhesion and improving interfacial properties of fibre reinforced polymer matrix composites.