Metastasis Of Transitional Cell Carcinoma Research Articles

Evaluation of Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography Imaging in Metastatic Transitional Cell Carcinoma with and without Prior Chemotherapy

Introduction: This study was designed to determine the value of fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) in the evaluation of metastatic transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). Methods: Fifty-eight FDG PET scans were performed on 46 consecutive patients with TCC. Results were correlated with radiologic, pathologic, and histologic findings in these patients and the sensitivity of PET for detecting malignancy in untreated TCC patients (n = 48) was compared to the sensitivity in patients who had undergone prior chemotherapy (n = 10). Results: Of 48 scans in patients who had no prior systemic chemotherapy, 10 had increased uptake in proven metastatic TCC lesions and 3 PET studies failed to reveal metastatic TCC (sensitivity 76.9%). In patients free of metastatic disease, 33 revealed no abnormal uptake and 1 study revealed a suspicious area in a patient free of metastases (specificity = 97.1%). However, in 10 patients imaged after receiving chemotherapy, the sensitivity fell to 50% for the detection of histologically confirmed residual/recurrent tumor by PET. Conclusions: FDG PET detects increased metabolic activity. After chemotherapy, viable cancer cells may still be present but with a diminished metabolic rate. As a result, PET imaging is often useful in the evaluation of untreated metastatic TCC metastasis but should be interpreted with caution in patients who have received prior chemotherapy.

Ventricular rupture secondary to cardiac metastasis of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder

We report a patient with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder who had metastatic nodules in the myocardium of the left ventricle and tumour emboli in the left circumflex artery which caused myocardial infarction with ventricular rupture and haemopericardium. Cardiac metastasis of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder is discussed and the literature reviewed.

Upregulated MT1-MMP/TIMP-2 axis in the TSU-Pr1-B1/B2 model of metastatic progression in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder

Muscle invasive transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder is associated with a high frequency of metastasis, resulting in poor prognosis for patients presenting with this disease. Models that capture and demonstrate step-wise enhancement of elements of the human metastatic cascade on a similar genetic background are useful research tools. We have utilized the transitional cell carcinoma cell line TSU-Pr1 to develop an in vivo experimental model of bladder TCC metastasis. TSU-Pr1 cells were inoculated into the left cardiac ventricle of SCID mice and the development of bone metastases was monitored using high resolution X-ray. Tumor tissue from a single bone lesion was excised and cultured in vitro to generate the TSU-Pr1-B1 subline. This cycle was repeated with the TSU-Pr1-B1 cells to generate the successive subline TSU-Pr1-B2. DNA profiling and karyotype analysis confirmed the genetic relationship of these three cell lines. In vitro, the growth rate of these cell lines was not significantly different. However, following intracardiac inoculation TSU-Pr1, TSU-Pr1-B1 and TSU-Pr1-B2 exhibited increasing metastatic potential with a concomitant decrease in time to the onset of radiologically detectable metastatic bone lesions. Significant elevations in the levels of mRNA expression of the matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) membrane type 1-MMP (MT1-MMP), MT2-MMP and MMP-9, and their inhibitor, tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease-2 (TIMP-2), across the progressively metastatic cell lines, were detected by quantitative PCR. Given the role of MT1-MMP and TIMP-2 in MMP-2 activation, and the upregulation of MMP-9, these data suggest an important role for matrix remodeling, particularly basement membrane, in this progression. The TSU-Pr1-B1/B2 model holds promise for further identification of important molecules.

Curative surgery for solitary adrenal metastasis of pT1 G3 transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder

A preoperative computed tomography scan in a patient undergoing radical cystectomy for pT1N0 grade 3 transitional cell carcinoma revealed a tumor in the adrenal gland. Biopsy was negative, but 2 years later computed tomography showed progression, and adrenalectomy was performed, revealing transitional cell carcinoma. Four years after cystectomy, the patient had no evidence of other metastases. We discuss surgery for solitary metastasis of transitional cell carcinoma as a curative treatment option.

Vascular endothelial growth factor‐C (VEGF‐C) expression predicts lymph node metastasis of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder

It has been found that expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) in several carcinomas is significantly associated with angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis and regional lymph node metastasis. However, VEGF-C expression in bladder transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) has not yet been reported. To elucidate the role of VEGF-C in bladder TCC, we examined VEGF-C expression in bladder TCC and pelvic lymph node metastasis specimens obtained from patients who underwent radical cystectomy. Eighty-seven patients who underwent radical cystectomy for clinically organ-confined TCC of the bladder were enrolled in the present study. No neoadjuvant treatments, except transurethral resection of the tumor, were given to these patients. The VEGF-C expressions of 87 bladder tumors and 20 pelvic lymph node metastasis specimens were examined immunohistochemically and the association between VEGF-C expression and clinicopathological factors, including angiogenesis as evaluated by microvessel density (MVD), was also examined. Vascular endothelial growth factor-C expression was found in the cytoplasm of tumor cells, but not in the normal transitional epithelium. Vascular endothelial growth factor-C expression was significantly associated with the pathological T stage (P = 0.0289), pelvic lymph node metastasis (P < 0.0001), lymphatic involvement (P = 0.0008), venous involvement (P = 0.0002) and high MVD (P = 0.0043). The multivariate analysis demonstrated that VEGF-C expression and high MVD in bladder TCC were independent risk factors influencing the pelvic lymph node metastasis. Moreover, the patients with VEGF-C-positive tumors had significantly poorer prognoses than those with the VEGF-C-negative tumors (P = 0.0087) in the univariate analysis. The multivariate analysis based on Cox proportional hazard model showed that the independent prognostic factors were patient age (P = 0.0132) and pelvic lymph node metastasis (P = 0.0333). The present study suggests that VEGF-C expression is an important predictive factor of pelvic lymph node metastasis in bladder cancer patients.

Metastasis of Transitional Cell Carcinoma to the Lower Abdominal Wall 20 Years after Cystectomy

Iatrogenic implantation has been the main cause in the majority of cases of transitional call carcinoma (TCC) with metastasis to the abdominal wall. A 66-year-old woman had undergone radical cystectomy 20 years prior to presenting. Radiological investigations revealed one mass in the left lower abdominal wall and one mass in the right inguinal area. She underwent wide excision of the lesions that revealed metastasis of TCC. This report describes this case of a woman with bladder carcinoma who developed a metastasis in the anterior abdominal wall following an apparent disease-free interval of 20 years.

Penile metastasis from primary transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis: first manifestation of systemic spread

BackgroundAlmost one-third of all penile metastases are detected at the same time as a primary tumor, whereas the remaining two-thirds are detected a mean of 18 months after the discovery of the primary tumor. Cutaneous metastasis of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is extremely rare and generally accepted as the late manifestation of a systemic spread.Case presentationWe report the first case of simultaneous penile and lung metastases from a primary TCC of the renal pelvis in a 76-year-old man, that occurred 8 years after a left nephroureterectomy.ConclusionsThis case report underscores the importance of physical examinations of the skin of patients who undergo surgical procedures for TCC from bladder as well as from the upper urinary tract, including those seemingly without metastatic disease, because of the possibility of skin and penile metastatic spread.

Solitary port-site metastasis after laparoscopic bilateral nephroureterctomy for transitional cell carcinoma in a renal transplant recipient

A renal transplant recipient with upper tract transitional cell carcinoma developed a solitary port-tract recurrence 8 months after a hand-assisted laparoscopic bilateral nephroureterectomy and was successfully managed by a local wide excision and adjuvant radiotherapy. Follow-up for 3 years after the salvage therapy showed no evidence of local recurrence or distant metastasis. This patient is the first one in the literature to have a solitary port-site metastasis of transitional cell carcinoma in renal transplant recipients.

Synchronous solitary metastasis of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder to the testis

Primary tumors known to metastasize to the testis, in order of decreasing frequency, are prostate, lung, gastrointestinal tract, melanoma, and kidney tumors. Metastasis from bladder cancer to the testis is extremely rare, occurs with advanced and metastatic disease, and is usually a finding at autopsy. We report a rare, and probably the first, case of solitary and synchronous metastatic transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder to the testis, discovered on the preoperative workup. An incidentally discovered testicular mass in a man with high-grade, invasive bladder cancer should be considered a metastatic lesion until proven otherwise.

RENAL INFARCTION SECONDARY TO INFILTRATIVE TRANSITIONAL CELL CARCINOMA

A 64-year-old white female with no history of flank pain presented with gross painless hematuria. Medical history wassignificant for diabetesmellitus, neurogenic bladder and hypertension. The patient denied any history of tobacco use or occupational exposure to chemicals. Initial cystoscopy revealed inflammatory changesand washingsfavoring reactive atypia. One week following discharge home the patient returned in clot retention. Review of systems was negative for any history of flank pain or traumatic catheterization. On further evaluation computerized tomography showed nonenhancement of the right renal unit with a heterogeneousmas s involving the entire kidney (fig. 1). The collecting system was not visualized. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated ring enhancement with no apparent vascular flow to the right kidney (fig. 2). Angiography confirmed renal infarction with minimal flow to the renal capsule. Repeat cystoscopy and right ureteroscopy revealed that the proximal portion of the right ureter ended blindly with no renal pelvic filling on retrograde instillation of contrast medium. Ureteral washings were inconclusive. Right radical nephrectomy wasundertaken through a right thoracoabdominal approach. The right renal unit wasdens ely adhered to the vena cava, necessitating caval reconstruction. Frozen section analysis favored poorly differentiated renal cell carcinoma. Gross sections showed obliteration of the renal pelvis and renal vessel encasement. Final pathological analysis confirmed poorly differentiated transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) with clear cell and squamousdifferentiation. The masswas10 cm in greatest diameter and 4 of 4 lymph nodeswere pos itive for TCC. The ipsilateral adrenal gland contained metastases of TCC. DISCUSSION

A New Method to Assess the Adequacy of Trucut Core Biopsy Specimens

Aim: We sought to develop a simple touch prep method for evaluating trucut core biopsy (TCB) specimens that can be used during EUS to determine specimen adequacy and preliminary diagnoses. Methods: We performed 40 ex-vivo TCBs of fresh surgical specimens under direct visual guidance with the 19 guage Quick-Core needle (Wilson-Cook). A touch-prep was then made using one of four methods: 1) touching the biopsy lightly twice to a glass slide while keeping the specimen on the needle (“touch”), 2) pushing the biopsy 3cm along a slide while keeping the tissue on the needle (“push”), 3) dragging the specimen 3cm along the slide while keeping the tissue on the needle (“drag”), and 4) rolling the specimen 2cm along the slide after removing it from the needle with a toothpick (“roll”). Slides were stained with a Diff-Quik stain and biopsies were processed for histology. For each organ biopsied, the sequence of touch prep method was “touch”, “roll”, “push”, and “drag”. Ease of touch prep was rated on a Likert-type scale (1=easy, 5=cumbersome). Biopsy length and fragmentation were documented. Slides were blindly classified as malignant, suspicious, atypical, benign, or inadequate. Results: TCBs were taken of two normal stomachs, two ampullary adenocarcinomas, a normal pancreas, a thyroid adenoma, a uterine leiomyoma, a colon adenocarcinoma, a lung adenocarcinoma, and a lung metastasis of transitional cell carcinoma. Touch prep ease, adequacy, and accuracy are shown in the table. Cytologic interpretation could be made in 34/40 (85%) cases and was correct in 25/34 (74%) cases. Histologic interpretation could be made in 39/40 (98%) cases and was correct in 32/39 (82%) cases. Fragmentation (45% of biopsies) was not associated with a correct cytologic (p=0.7) or histologic (p=0.1) diagnosis. Biopsy length (median 10mm) was not associated with a correct cytologic (p=0.19) or histologic (p=0.96) diagnosis. Conclusions: Touch preps can be made with TCB samples and can predict specimen adequacy and diagnosis. The “touch” method was significantly easier than three other tested methods.

Adenoviral-mediated gene therapy of human bladder cancer with antisense interleukin-8

We previously demonstrated the importance of interleukin-8 (IL-8) as a mediator of angiogenesis, tumorigenicity, and metastasis of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder. In the present study, we evaluated the feasibility of adenoviral mediated antisense IL-8 gene transfer (Ad IL-8-AS) as therapy for established TCC. In vitro, Ad IL-8-AS inhibited endothelial cell proliferation and enhanced endothelial cell apoptosis. The highly metastatic human TCC cell line 253J B-V(R) was implanted into the subcutis of athymic nude mice, and intralesional therapy with Ad IL-8-AS commenced when the tumors reached a diameter between 5 and 7 mm. Tumor growth was significantly inhibited compared with therapy in controls (saline and beta-galactosidase adenovirus). Ad IL-8-AS therapy decreased the in vivo expression of IL-8 and matrix metalloproteinase type 9 (MMP-9), reduced microvessel density, and enhanced endothelial cell apoptosis. These results indicate that Ad IL-8-AS therapy targets both tumor cells and host endothelial cells resulting in endothelial cell apoptosis and significant inhibition of tumor growth.

TESTICULAR METASTASIS OF TRANSITIONAL CELL CARCINOMA OF THE PROSTATE

No AccessJournal of UrologyCLINICAL UROLOGY: Case Reports1 Dec 2000TESTICULAR METASTASIS OF TRANSITIONAL CELL CARCINOMA OF THE PROSTATE MISOP HAN, JOSEPH D. KRONZ, and MARK P. SCHOENBERG MISOP HANMISOP HAN More articles by this author , JOSEPH D. KRONZJOSEPH D. KRONZ More articles by this author , and MARK P. SCHOENBERGMARK P. SCHOENBERG More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(05)66948-0AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "TESTICULAR METASTASIS OF TRANSITIONAL CELL CARCINOMA OF THE PROSTATE." The Journal of Urology, 164(6), p. 2026 References 1 : Neoplasms of the testis. In: . Edited by . Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Co.1998: 2444. chapt. 78. Google Scholar 2 : Metastatic transitional cell carcinoma of the testis. A case report. Cancer1984; 54: 575. Google Scholar 3 : Testicular metastasis of transitional cell carcinoma of the prostate. Acta Urol Belg1998; 66: 27. Google Scholar From the Departments of Urology and Pathology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland© 2000 by American Urological Association, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 164Issue 6December 2000Page: 2026 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2000 by American Urological Association, Inc.Keywordstestisprostatic neoplasmsneoplasm metastasiscarcinoma, transitional cellprostateMetricsAuthor Information MISOP HAN More articles by this author JOSEPH D. KRONZ More articles by this author MARK P. SCHOENBERG More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

A painful cutaneous nodule as the presentation of metastatic transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis

We report a 43-year-old man with HIV who presented with a painful, vascular-appearing nodule as the initial manifestation of metastasis of a prior transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis. The transitional cell carcinoma had been treated by nephroureterectomy 4 years before the appearance of the nodule. Histopathologic comparison of the nodule with the prior transitional cell carcinoma and immunoperoxidase staining with monoclonal antibodies confirmed that the nodule was a metastasis of the original transitional cell carcinoma. In general, metastasis of transitional cell carcinoma to the skin is quite uncommon. This case is the first reported episode of transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis metastasizing to the skin in the form of a vascular-appearing nodule. The significance of this unusual metastasis occurring in a person with HIV is unknown. (J Am Acad Dermatol 2000;42:867-8.)

Results of conservative treatment of upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma.

The treatment preserving the kidney for upper urinary tract tumor is still controversial. The indications and results of conservative treatment remain to be elucidated. Experiences of this type of treatment are reported. Between April 1981 and March 1998, 14 patients with upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma were treated with renal preserving methods. Five were elective and nine were imperative cases. Treatments performed were partial nephrectomy, partial ureterctomy with or without adjuvant chemotherapy, endoscopic tumor resection and topical bacillus Calmette-Guerin instillation in one, 10, two and one patient, respectively. Crude and cause-specific 5 year-survival rates were 91.7 and 100%, respectively. Of 14 patients, five had bladder recurrences, but ipsilateral local recurrence developed in only one patient. Two patients died from metastasis of transitional cell carcinoma 61 and 89 months after initial treatment. The lesions of carcinoma in situ were well controlled with topical bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy. The results of conservative treatment for upper urinary tract tumor were satisfactory and local excision can be indicated for low grade, solitary tumors located in the distal ureter.

SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT OF METASTATIC SKIN LESIONS WITH ELECTROCHEMOTHERAPY

No AccessJournal of UrologyClinical Urology: Case Reports1 Oct 1998SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT OF METASTATIC SKIN LESIONS WITH ELECTROCHEMOTHERAPY YOKO KUBOTA, LLUIS M. MIR, TERUHIRO NAKADA, ISOJI SASAGAWA, HITOSHI SUZUKI, and NATUMI AOYAMA YOKO KUBOTAYOKO KUBOTA More articles by this author , LLUIS M. MIRLLUIS M. MIR More articles by this author , TERUHIRO NAKADATERUHIRO NAKADA More articles by this author , ISOJI SASAGAWAISOJI SASAGAWA More articles by this author , HITOSHI SUZUKIHITOSHI SUZUKI More articles by this author , and NATUMI AOYAMANATUMI AOYAMA More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(01)62559-XAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT OF METASTATIC SKIN LESIONS WITH ELECTROCHEMOTHERAPY." The Journal of Urology, 160(4), p. 1426 References 1 : Effective treatment of cutaneous and subcutaneous malignant tumors by electrochemotherapy. Brit. J. Cancer1998; 77: 2336. Google Scholar 2 : Electropermeabilization in bladder cancer chemotherapy. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol.1996; 39: 67. Google Scholar 3 : Bleomycin: revival of an old drug. Gen. Pharmacol.1996; 27: 745. Google Scholar From the Department of Urology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan, and Laboratory of Physicochemistry and Pharmacology of Biological Macromolecules (UMR1772 CNRS), Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France© 1998 by American Urological Association, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byVásquez J, Ibsen P, Lindberg H and Gehl J (2018) In Vitro and In Vivo Experiments on Electrochemotherapy for Bladder CancerJournal of Urology, VOL. 193, NO. 3, (1009-1015), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2015. Volume 160Issue 4October 1998Page: 1426 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1998 by American Urological Association, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information YOKO KUBOTA More articles by this author LLUIS M. MIR More articles by this author TERUHIRO NAKADA More articles by this author ISOJI SASAGAWA More articles by this author HITOSHI SUZUKI More articles by this author NATUMI AOYAMA More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

La méningite carcinomateuse: une complication rare du cancer de la vessie

The sites of metastases of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder are nodes, liver, lung and bone, but the meningeal infiltration is rare. Therefore, one case of meningeal carcinomatosis is reported. After cystectomy for an undifferentiated carcinoma of the bladder, the patient received adjuvant chemotherapy. Three months after treatment completion, symptoms of cerebellar ataxia occurred and gradually confusion appeared. The initial cerebra spinal fluid showed clumps of malignant cells. The patient died 15 days after the neurological symptoms occurred. The clinical diagnosis of meningeal carcinomatosis is based on neurological manifestations at more than one level of the neuraxis. Symptoms may present simply as headache or confusion. Meningeal carcinomatosis from urothelial cancer seems to show some specific features: poorly differentiated tumour and high frequency of cerebellar symptoms. Intrathecal treatment essentially has a pain-effect. Mean survival time is as short as 20 weeks. The increasing incidence of this neurological complication in urothelial cancer does not only result from an increase in patient longevity but also from possible side-effects of chemotherapy, so as localized changes in blood-brain barrier permeability induced by antineoplastic drugs. Therefore, we may wonder whether meningeal carcinomatosis might not be regarded as an iatrogenic effect.

Metanestin, a glycoprotein with metastasis-associated expression in transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder.

A 60-kDa glycoprotein named metanestin was identified by molecular cloning. The glycoprotein had a twice-repeated motif of Pro-Gly-Pro-Gly and carried metastasis-associated carbohydrate epitopes. The antibody to the protein portion of metanestin strongly reacted with lymph-node metastasis of transitional-cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder, but the reactivity to the primary tumor was generally weaker and the normal urothelium was scarcely reactive. Thus both metanestin and the carbohydrate on it showed metastasis-associated expression. In addition, we identified a 100-kDa glycoprotein with a 4-times-repeated motif of Pro-Ala-Pro-Ala. The antibody to the 100-kDa glycoprotein showed reactivity similar to that to metanestin.

Case Report of Pyloric Obstruction Due to Rare Cause

Case Report of Pyloric Obstruction Due to Rare Cause

Studies of monoclonal antibody BL2-10D1 as a marker for the detection of the urothelial origin of tumors.

In previous studies, the authors demonstrated the value of the monoclonal antibody (MoAb) BL2-10D1 in identifying malignant transitional cells. In this study, the authors evaluate the possible diagnostic value of a murine MoAb, BL2-10D1, raised against human bladder cancer in the determination of the urothelial origin of metastases in a series of 29 patients with metastatic bladder or prostatic carcinoma. Using an immunoperoxidase method, BL2-10D1 and anti-prostate-specific antigen (anti-PSA) reactivity were studied, using histologic sections from 18 pelvic lymph nodes and 4 other anatomic sites invaded by transitional cell cancer, and from 7 pelvic lymph nodes containing prostatic cancer. All lymph nodes containing metastases of transitional cell carcinoma were positive with BL2-10D1, whereas all metastases of prostatic cancer were negative; the four instances of distant urothelial metastases were positive with BL2-10D1 MoAb. Conversely, anti-PSA reacted only with prostatic metastases. Thus, MoAb BL2-10D1 and anti-PSA complement each other in the separation of cancers of prostatic and urothelial origin, and the BL2-10D1 MoAb has potential usefulness in differentiating between urothelial carcinoma and prostate adenocarcinoma. In patients with bladder tumors of uncertain origin, BL2-10D1 may be helpful in confirming that a tumor is a transitional cell carcinoma.