Metaphor For Relationship Research Articles

Weaving the world of the ancestors: Early incised stones from the Kincaid Shelter in west Central Texas

Incised stones recovered from the Kincaid Shelter in west Central Texas are the focus of inquiry in this paper. Despite the inherent problems in interpretation of the portable forms, I utilize multiple lines of information gathered from diverse sources to inform the ideas presented here. I provide detailed evidence to support my conclusion that the imagery incised on the stones depicts weaving techniques (twining, plaiting, cordage motifs, and netting). The additional presence of an incised orb spider web on some stones echoes its metaphoric relationship to weaving and the female spider's role in the myths and legends of North America. The context of the incised stones in the Kincaid rock shelter provides support for a plausible explanation that women, typically the producers of woven items such as baskets and mats in many North American cultures, were the creators of the Kincaid incised stones. I discuss the difficulty in discovering meaning across time and place and propose that the incised imagery was not an end product in itself. Rather it represents a visual dialog to stimulate recall and evocation of ancestral stories or myths to expand, explore, or reinforce the well-being of the Kincaid people in some way.

A computational approach to generate new modes of spatiality

Questioning new modes of spatiality in design through evolutionary approaches is becoming more significant than ever. Related to the very common use of contemporary evolutionary methodologies, metaphorical relations coming out between design thinking and different structures (open and closed) and also new forms of space in architectural design are now being discussed. We are trying in this research, to query such a relationship between design and poetic language in order to generate new frames of spatiality supported by the syntactic structure of poetic grammar.

The difficult whole: Siah Armajani, Robert Venturi and the politics of modernist architecture

Since the late 1960s, the Iranian-American artist Siah Armajani has primarily worked on the border between sculpture and architecture, creating large-scale public installations such as reading rooms, gardens and bridges. These works commonly evidence a formal concern with relationships between part and whole. This article connects Armajani’s interest in part–whole relations with the writings of Robert Venturi, arguing that Armajani’s practice establishes a critical dialogue with the history of modernist architecture. However, it also demonstrates that Armajani’s practice complicates the proto-postmodern approach of Venturi’s Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture (1966) in several ways. Unlike Venturi, Armajani explicitly politicizes the question of part–whole relations, presenting it not as a purely aesthetic question, but as a formal metaphor for egalitarian social relations. By incorporating certain distinctly modernist techniques into his sculptures, Armajani also shows that, contra Venturi, the question of how to safeguard diversity within a social collective was already a concern among modernists themselves. Finally, Armajani's work further contrasts with Venturi’s writing through its turn to the politics of class struggle. Drawing on the writings of the Marxist theorist Ellen Meiksins Wood, the article argues that Armajani drew attention to the limitations inherent in postmodernism’s ‘politics of diversity’, demonstrating its class blindness and thus its failure to sufficiently challenge contemporary capitalist ideologies.

Rolling and Trembling of the Abdomen: Movement as a Subaltern Subject in Colonial Egypt

Accordingly to Shay and Sellers-Young (2005) “the term “belly dance” was adopted by natives and non-natives to denote all solo dance forms from Morocco to Uzbekistan that engage the hips, torso, arms and hands in undulations, shimmies, circles and spirals.” Dance historian Curt Sachs depicted the dance as “the swinging of therectus abdominis” (Sachs 1963). This movement has been performed by many oriental dancers in the past century and has become part of the routine of oriental dancers worldwide. This movement has even named the dance “belly dance,” and become one of the most representative elements of contemporary Egyptian culture.This paper will be organized as follows: firstly, I am going to explain succinctly how I use the term “subaltern” in relation to dance and colonialism. Secondly, I am going to present the main scenarios, actors, and factors in which the rolling and trembling of the abdomen was danced, watched, desired and hated at the end of the nineteenth century, provoking strong love/hate reactions among thefin de sieclepublic. The discourse intermingles both dance and feminist analysis observing how movement constituted a metaphor of the unequal power relations between the metropolis and the colony within the particular historical context of British colonialism in Egypt.

On the limits of the human in the curriculum field

Humanism and the concept of the human that informs pedagogical discourse have been increasingly questioned by what has been called “post-human times.” In this paper, we situate Paulo Freire's (1970) Pedagogy of the Oppressed, and Nathan Snaza and John Weaver's (2014) Posthumanism and Educational Research within these debates. Both books raise ethical and political questions about the limits of the human. By going beyond a simple opposition between these works, our aim is to map connections and suspensions by which they are paradoxically connected. Our commitment is also related to how a debate on ethics is raised, featuring an interrogation of the human as a theoretical and political category. Between the two books, we bring up the issue of limits, margins, borders and boundaries, but also the instability, fluidity and vulnerability of the human and his/her relationship and dependence of living organisms, including non-human lives. The limits open up to explorations of literal, metaphoric and material relations, and also transmigrations and hybridizations between the human and the non-human. In this sense, we argue that it is necessary to question the centrality of the humanist conception of “man” in education, which Freire defended, but it is also relevant to question the centrality of modern Western cosmology in providing meanings about the human and non-human in curriculum studies.

캐릭터의 자아방어기제를 은유하는 '안티돔' 공간의 성격화 전략 - <에반게리온>의 TV 시리즈와 극장판 <EOE>를 중심으로 -

Animations characterize space as a strategy to effectively show the inner conflicts of characters and to highlight the theme. During the process of inner conflict, characters unconsciously use defense mechanism to protect their egos from the fear that came from deficiency, and because of the self-deceptive quality of self-defense mechanism, the reality is distorted and conflicts get intensified. This study focuses on the concept of anti-house, the space where conflicts get intensified, analyzes animations to find out the aspect of inner conflict, and interprets the characteristic of space that is used for metaphoric structure frame. Also, it aims to reveal how the defense mechanism, which intensifies the inner conflict of characters, is characterized as anti-house. The analysis in this study was mainly done with the TV series, , and the theater version of . It is because the characters have serious deficiency from broken home and have a psychological quality of closed boundary that is symbolized as `A.T. field`. Especially, the core character, `Shinji Ikari`, shows how a character uses compulsive self-defense mechanism to deal with inner conflict and as a result, goes through ego-collapse and then introspection. This process of the character`s experience is the core of the whole plot. Through analysis, the relationship between the character`s self-defense mechanism and the space, anti-house(which expands to Anti-city), was inferred. The space is made up of three axes, x-axis of horizontal space, y-axis of vertical space, and in the sense that all the space has no exit, z-axis of deeper contradictory space. This thesis started with the decision that is the most suitable work in analyzing the metaphorical relationship between self-defense mechanism and anti-house. There was limitation, however, as the typical characteristics of Japanese animations, pedantic composition and the possibility of broad interpretation, hindered clear verification. Hopefully, this limitation will be overcome by following studies and this study is expected to show the importance of space in interpreting the text of animations, and to serve as database for other creative works.

From Narcissus to Genius through the Work of Pleshette DeArmitt

Through my reading of the section of Pleshette Dearmitt’s book The Right to Narcissism, entitled “Kristeva: the Rebirth of Narcissus,” I illustrate the way in which DeArmitt’s reading of Narcissus is reflected in Julia Kristeva’s conception of genius. DeArmitt describes narcissism as a structure through which subjectivity, language, self-love, and love for the other come about. Narcissism develops through a metaphorical relation of identification with a “loving third” in which the subject-in-formation is transferred to the site of the other, to the place from which he or she is seen and heard through the words of the mother directed at an other. The emerging subject catches the words of others and repeats them. The speech of the other, then, is a model or pattern with which the subject-in-formation identifies repeatedly, and it is through identifying with the third that the forming subject becomes like the other, a speaking subject herself. All love comes from narcissism because it is a repetition of this identification and transference. I connect this account to Kristeva’s Female Genius Trilogy by claiming that these works are love stories since they are based on a repetition of the narcissistic structure on a cultural level in their content and in their form, though for each genius it manifests through a different register. For Hannah Arendt the relation is between the actor and the spectator; for Melanie Klein it is between the analyst and the analysand; and for Colette it is between the writer and the reader.

Resistance and Media: “Toma” as a Metaphor of Power Relations and its Representation in Northern Cyprus Print Media

The Cyprus Island’s political issues, both internal and external, have a huge role at the predestination of the Island. Hence, there have been ongoing negotiations since 2003 about the reunification of the Island. In this regard, it is indispensable to consider the role of media punctiliously, and to understand how power relations work. This article examines discussions about bringing ‘TOMA’ (as ‘Riot Control Vehicle’) to the Northern Cyprus as a metaphor of power relations between Cyprus and Turkey. Whether or not newspapers from different ideologies would meet on a common ground in case of a situation that may threaten social structure and order, is identified as the research problem. The finding is that within particular circumstances, the media may function as a means of resistance and social struggle against external factors.

Polarity Correspondence as a General Compatibility Principle

Proctor and Cho (2006) proposed that, when making binary decisions, people code the stimulus and response alternatives asymmetrically (positive and negative polarities), with performance being best when the codes of the corresponding polarities are paired. They presented evidence that polarity correspondence could explain many results associated with orthogonal compatibility, the Implicit Association Test, and numerical judgments. We review and evaluate literature on these topics and on polarity coding in the context of metaphorical relations published during the ensuing 10 years. Our conclusion is that the results have supported polarity correspondence as a contributor to binary decisions. We consider issues concerning the principle and topics in need of research.

Calendar Structures for Venus in Mesoamerican Divinatory Books: Common Approaches to Commensuration and Correction

Long-recognized similarities in representations of Venus, its movements, and associated supernatural forces in pre-Columbian books from central Mexico and the Maya lowlands point strongly to the value of a comparative approach. A new analysis of Venus records in the western Mesoamerican Borgia group shows that their calendar structures relate the periodicity of Venus to other calendar cycles in much the same way as the Venus table in the Maya Dresden Codex. Conversely, proposals for ways in which users of the central Mexican books may have corrected for discrepancies between canonical cycles of the calendar framework and what was actually observable in the sky reveal a novel way in which correction could have been effected in the Dresden Codex. These insights show that shared structural principles go deeper than related iconography and metaphors.

Quantum Theory of International Relations: Approaches and Possible Gains

Abstract This paper considers the possible application of quantum theory in political studies, especially in international relations. We introduce our classification based on three logical ways of how to connect areas so remote: through the relation of identity, analogy and metaphor which reflects three basic epistemic positions. Next, we review existing work against this classification before moving on to consider some of the uses and potential gains offered by quantum mind hypothesis, quantum models of reasoning and decisionmaking, and quantum metaphor.

Semantic Wave of Grammatical Metaphor: Dialogue between SFL and LCT

This paper is to explore the definition about the congruency and metaphoricity of Grammatical Metaphor in relation to the Semantics of Legitimation Code Theory which derives from the notion of Grammatical Metaphor and Technicality of Systemic Functional Linguistics, and further to look into relations between congruent form, metaphorical form within grammatical metaphor as process and semantic gravity and semantic density. It is concluded that the process of ideational metaphor is characterized as weakening semantic gravity and strengthening semantic density and that of interpersonal metaphor as strengthening semantic gravity and weakening semantic density. The congruent form is manifested with weak grammaticality and weak verticality and metaphorical form with strong grammaticality and verticality so as to provide a legitimate defining evidence for the definition of grammatical metaphor’s congruency and metaphoricity.

Frighteningly Similar

Messages in public discourse commonly employ metaphors to describe abstract sociopolitical issues in terms of unrelated concepts. In prior research, exposure to such metaphoric messages influences attitudes. The current research tests the novel possibility that metaphor exposure can elicit defensive avoidance of otherwise benign information. We build on the evidence that individuals with avoidant attachment style avoid thinking about close relationships, operationalized as lower recall of relationship information. Two studies show that dispositionally high and experimentally increased attachment avoidance impaired recall of messages framing political topics metaphorically in terms of close relationships. This effect is specific to the relationship metaphor and avoidance regarding relevant relationships. It held even when the message referred to positive relationships, casting doubt on an alternative valence priming explanation. Although the target political topics are not, literally speaking, close relationships, relationship-metaphoric messages led individuals who avoid relationship information to transfer that defensive processing style across domains.

On the Origin of Metaphors

In this article I study the genesis of metaphors from an evolutionary perspective. Analyzing 414 cartoons published after the death of the cartoonists of the French satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo, I propose a metaphoric founder effect with the metaphors “PENCIL IS A WEAPON,” “PENCIL IS A CARTOONIST,” and “PENCIL IS FREEDOM,” and a subsequent metaphor drift that creates many related metaphors. Additionally, the success of these metaphors turns the pencil meme into a very efficient and fast-spreading item representing not only the work of cartoonists, but also the fundamental values of Western culture, such as freedom of expression.

Deciphering the Discourse Metaphor of Hanshan

The study considers the poetry of Hanshan (寒山) from the Tang dynasty (618–907), and twenty-two so-called Hanshan poems, in which Hanshan Mountain has a metaphoric meaning. The study uses the tools of cognitive linguistics to decipher this personal, culturally related metaphor by investigating the background scenarios. This research focuses on these poems, seeing each as representing the discourse metaphor STATE OF MIND IS A MOUNTAIN. In addition, if Hanshan is a metaphor, then all natural images that constitute the mountain can be considered as parts of the metaphor too, and thus are part of the scenarios that explain the state of mind that Hanshan represents. The analysis reveals that there are two scenarios, CONTAINER and JOURNEY scenario, where the GOAL of the journey is embedded in the CONTAINER scenario. These poems narrate the stories of the journey toward self-realization and the state of mind revealed in the CONTAINER scenario, while the narratives reveal certain aspects about some of the cultural and social beliefs that existed during the Tang Dynasty.

Book Review: Incarnational Realism: Trinity and the Spirit in Augustine and Barth

Incarnational Realism: Trinity and Spirit in Augustine and Barth. By Travis E. Abies. TT $39.95 (paper).Travis E. Abies s Incamational Realism: Trinity and Spirit in Augustine and Barth takes as its point of departure late twentieth-century claim that Latin Christianity lacks a robust pneumatology, and this dismal state of affairs is due to Augustine's problematic Trinitarian theology. Abies, however, rejects this reading of Augustine and Latin Christianity and argues convincingly that Augustine is not guilty of alleged Geistvergessenheit. However, this is not merely a book championing Augustine's teachings; rather, as book's title indicates, Karl Barth's doctrine of Spirit, contrary to charges that his overemphasized Christology eclipses pneumatology, likewise has a role to play. In other words, Abies argues that both Barth and Augustine provide us with theologically rich teachings on Holy Spirit that, when read together and properly synthesized, offer important correctives to contemporary Trinitarian theology.In particular, Abies focuses on shortcomings of Trinitarian personalism and Trinitarian idealism. Abies worries that both contemporary expressions of Trinitarian teaching are too reductionistic and thus ultimately fail to maintain the integrity of reconciling act in economy of (p. 180). On one hand, Ables's concern regarding Trinitarian personalism is that it diminishes essential character of act in history, rendering it as an accidental occasion or concrete illustration of what is essentially a purely metaphorical relationship between human and divine community (p. 180). In other words, metaphorical relationship becomes so primary that it downgrades revelatory significance of Triune work in salvation to Jesus' exemplary relational existence as Son to Father (p. 180). On other hand, Trinitarian idealism is overly smitten with Hegel's Geist. Here God's self-revelation in economy is only possible as a result of necessity of self-alienating otherness internal to GodselP' (p. 181). In this narrative, God is not depicted as pouring out his love in but rather as incorporating history into Godself in what sometimes begins to look like a startlingly narcissistic picture of self-reflexivity (p. …

A Systemic Functional Study of the English Nominal Group as Interpersonal and Textual Grammatical Metaphor

The English nominal group is a significant grammatical unit in English, and its internal structure is very complex. Grammatical metaphor is one of the key concepts in systemic functional linguistics and the study of grammatical metaphor can be conducted from the experiential, the interpersonal and the textual perspectives. The literature to date shows that grammatical metaphor is a crucial property in English and it is mostly studied in relation to the English clauses. Grammatical metaphor in relation to the English nominal group can also be explored from the three perspectives. This paper aims to discuss how grammatical metaphor is related to the English nominal group from the interpersonal and the textual perspectives. The data used in this paper are all obtained from literature of English grammar by observation. Meanwhile, this research adopts a qualitative, descriptive and explanatory method, and analyses the English nominal group as interpersonal and textual grammatical metaphor on the basis of the metafunctions in systemic functional linguistics. The findings show that interpersonal and textual grammatical metaphor is also a property of the English nominal group.

Bandages

“The bandages signify death,” says Derrida, “the condemnation to death; when they fall away, out of use, undone, untied, untying, they signify, like a detached signifier, that the dead one is resuscitated." Like a detached signifier, indicating a metaphorical relationship between signification and the bandages. But, when we follow the metonymy of bandages in Derrida’s Death Penalty seminar volume one, the bandages appear as the figure for figuration itself. More specifically, they are a sign that needs interpretation; a sign that the bandages are detached from the body; a sign that the word, or sign, is detached from the thing.

Representaciones multimodales de metáforas y metonimias en las etiquetas de vino de la D.O. ca. Rioja

In this paper, we will try to offer an analysis of multimodal representations in a sample of Riojan wine labels. Basic formal operation such as cueing has allowed us to present metonymic and metaphoric relations existing between brand names, their origins, Riojan culture as well as viticultural aspects. We present four models of pictorial metaphors and a model of blended space. The role of these conceptual mappings in meaning derivation is relevant in multimodal genre as well as in the communicative functions of wine labels. In this study we have considered ontological metonymies (Kövecses & Radden, 1998), formal and content cognitive operations (Ruiz de Mendoza, 2001, 2011) as well as multimodal representations (Forceville, 2005, 2009).

Towards sustainability in the high-speed railway industry: modeling of cases from China

Purpose – This paper aims to document and to illustrate highly usable research: a practical framework for realizing the sustainable operations of the high investment, technology-intensive high-speed railways in China. Also, for the first time, we draw a broad, metaphorical relationship between railways within a country to Chinese meridian lines within a human body. These are similar in enabling flows across the country and human body. Design/methodology/approach – Employing Chinese case studies, we attempt to apply methodological procedures involving operational, financial and developmental in realizing the sustainability of high-speed railways. Critical criteria are emphasized for efficiency, financial viability and long-term funding sustained development of high-speed railways in the Chinese context. Policymakers may utilize the illustrative framework in working toward specific recommendations that may be implementable. Findings – Three critical aspects to sustainability are operational, financial solvency and developmental. Our empirical investigations result in the working out of the procedural aspects as well. Based on this three-way classification, we design an evaluative framework for realizing sustainability of high-speed railways. Our insights are based on the social reality of China. Thus, we argue that cash handouts by government are necessary solutions, given the intensive capital investments required of high-speed railways for strongly positive externalities generated. On developmental aspects of sustainability, there should be rational, in-depth studies conducted so as to lead to rational choices of sites. Strong passenger flows coupled with affordability of fares are the twin guarantees of continuing, profitable performances. Practical implications – This work on sustainability is globally, most highly significant for two reasons. First, railway is one fundamental mean of transportation within China. Thus, the sustainability of railway matters to a majority of the 1.3 billion people. Second, transport volume of China’s railway is the world’s largest. By developing such a comprehensive methodology, we hope to enhance how top management of Chinese Railways may keep the high-speed railways sustainable into the future. Social implications – This paper is socially highly significant, especially in the context of what has happened in recent years in China’s railway industry, and may contribute by providing both the regulators and management with an objective methodology in future projects assessment within high-speed railway. Originality/value – This paper develops an overall framework for enabling management to realize sustainability of high-speed railway within China. The ideas, concepts and methodologies are likely beneficial to top management, regulators and policymakers within the railway transportation, a state monopoly.