Dipyrone Research Articles

Nöroşirurji Yoğun Bakım Ünitesinde Ateş Kontrolünde Uygulanan Hemşirelik Girişimleri

Introduction: Whilst fever is one of the key defence mechanisms of the body, it also causes raised intracranial pressure ICP by accelerating metabolic activity in neurosurgical patients and adversely affects the healing process. In the literature, fever control in neurosurgical patients is reported to be effective in preventing adverse consequences arising from uncontrolled fever.Material and Methods: This study employs a retrospective descriptive methodology. It was undertaken by examining a sample of medical records for 72 patients. All were over 18 years of age, had remained in the Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit of a University Hospital for at least one week and had a recorded axillary temperature exceeding 38°C. Written permission from the Ethics Committee of the relevant institution was obtained to allow the research to proceed. Data were gathered between September 2013 and February 2014 using a data collection form developed by the researchers. Descriptive statistical methods frequency, average, standard deviation were used for the data analysis.Results: 72 out of 180 40% patients admitted to NICU between 2010 and 2014 developed a fever. The principal interventions by nurses to maintain fever control were identified as: giving an antipyretic agent by doctor’s order 98.6% , using a cooling electrical fan 88.9% , giving a tepid bed bath 75% and adjusting the room temperature or removing blankets 72.2% . The most frequently used antipyretic agents were identified as metamizole sodium 27.8% , a combination of metamizole sodium and paracetamol 26.4% or paracetamol alone 16.7% . Conclusion: From the study data, it was determined that the most frequent method used to provide fever control in NICU patients was pharmacological, and that the most frequently used nursing interventions were attempts at physical cooling

Dipyrone (metamizole), overrated risks?

Dipyrone (metamizole), overrated risks?

Síndrome de Nicolau. Manejo conservador. Caso clínico

Introducción: el síndrome de Nicolau, embolia cutis o dermatitis livedoide, es una reacción adversa poco frecuente a la administración de inyección intramuscular, subcutánea o intraarticular de medicamentos, inicia con dolor intenso y eritema que evoluciona a lesión livedoide que se torna hemorrágica, progresa a necrosis isquémica de piel y tejidos más profundos.
 Caso clínico: niño de 7 meses de edad, luego de inyección intramuscular de metamizol sódico presenta llanto continuo, seguido de lesión purpúrica afectando espalda, glúteo, muslo y pierna derechos, evolucionando hasta cicatrización total en 18 semanas.
 Conclusión: el síndrome de Nicolau, condición iatrogénica por inyección de múltiples medicamentos, produce lesión necrótica en área de irrigación de vasos afectados. El conocimiento de este síndrome facilitaría su prevención, al igual que su diagnóstico y manejo tempranos.

Which agent should be used to reduce ischemia-reperfusion injury after testicular torsion: a comparative animal experiment

Testicular torsion is an acute urological emergency that causes severe damage of testis. In order to prevent testicular damage, early diagnosis and surgical intervention is essential. Also pain management in both pre-operative and postoperative periods remains a challenging entity. In this study, we aimed to determine the possible positive effects of three different analgesics (ibuprofen, metamizole, and paracetamol), which are widely used in clinical practice on testicular tissue, in addition to pain control. Forty prepubertal rats (180-210g) were divided into five experimental groups. Group 1 was sham group in which the left testis was brought out through a scrotal incision and then replaced in the scrotum without torsion. Group 2 was control group (only 0.9% NaCl was applied). Also in group 3, paracetamol, in group 4, ibuprofen, and in group 5, metamizole sodium was applied 1h after the torsion. Torsion duration was planned as 4h for all groups. In the biochemical evaluation, malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and total nitrate (NO) levels were measured in the testicular tissue. All groups were compared with group 2 (control group). In group 3, although the MDA level was lowerand the MPO level was found to be higher, these were not statistically significant. In group 4, the NO level was low but statistically significant. Histological findings were evaluated due to Cosentino's classification, and the scores of group 4 were better than all groups. In this study, severe damage was observed at the end of torsion period of 4h. This is in line with previous published data. The beneficial effects of all three drugs have been observed. Biochemical results did not clearly highlight any agents. According to pathology results, metamizole was better than paracetamol and the most ideal analgesic preparation was observed as ibuprofen.

Comparison of Lysine Clonixinate, Ketorolac and Metamizole Sodium in Scorpion Stings

Comparison of Lysine Clonixinate, Ketorolac and Metamizole Sodium in Scorpion Stings

Synthesis and Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of (3,3-Dipropyl-6,7-Dimethoxy-3,4-Dihydroisoquinolin-1(2H)-Ylidene)-Acetamide Hydrochlorides

Cyclocondensation of 4-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)heptan-4-ol with N-substituted cyanoacetamide was used to synthesize (3,3-dipropyl-6,7-dimethoxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(2H)-ylidene)acetamides. The hydrochlorides of the resulting enaminoamides exist in the imino form. All hydrochlorides displayed analgesic effects in the hotplate test at the level of sodium metamizole, and the most active were the amide with the N-substituted 2-(3,4-dimethyoxyphenyl)ethyl radical, which had greater levels of analgesic activity than metamizole and nimesulide. Many of the resulting amides displayed anti-inflammatory effects in a carragheenan model which were comparable in magnitude to those of sodium metamizole.

Study on the Treatment of Postoperative Pain in Patients Operated for Incisional Hernia by Open or Laparoscopic Approach

Postoperative pain is a common symptom in the postoperative period in patients treated for incisional hernia, often refractory to treatment. The purpose of the this paper was to conduct a comparative study on the need for analgesic medication in patients operated for incisional hernia through a classical open approach and a laparoscopic approach. In this respect, we performed a retrospective observational study over a period of 4 years in which we introduced 92 patients operated for incisional hernia in the Surgery Clinic No. 1 of the Emergency County Hospital Tirgu Mures. For the reconstruction of the abdominal wall we used prosthetic materials (surgical meshes). All patients included in the study received only metamizole sodium as analgesic medication. The patients studied were divided into two groups: group A (consisting of 57 patients where open, classic surgical approach was used) and group B (consisting of 35 patients treated using a minimally invasive laparoscopic approach). It was observed that on the day of surgery and during the first two postoperative days there are no statistically significant differences in the need for analgesic medication between the studied groups. Instead, starting with the third postoperative day, the need for analgesic medication is much lower in patients where laparoscopic surgical procedure was used than in those where open, classic surgical approach was used.

Visible Spectrophotometric Analysis Method of Sodium Metamizole in Tablets

The aim of this research was to exactly quantify pure sodium metamizole from tablets , using a spectrophotometric analysis in Visible range. The method applied has been subjected to a validation protocal which consisted in analyzing the following parameters: linearity of the method, detection limit (LD) , quantitation limit (LQ), Sandell�s sensitivity, interference of excipients, stability of prepared solutions, method and system precision, accuracy of the method. Following actual dosing, pure sodium metamizole amount in tablet of pharmaceutical was found to be 477.477 mg assigned to a percentage content of 95.495 %, very close to official declared amount (500 mg), with an maximum average percentage deviation of only 4.505 % from the official declared active substance content. This value was situated below the maximum admissible percentage deviation from stated active substance content (� 5%), established by Romanian Pharmacopoeia, X-th Edition rules.

Investigation of linearity, detection limit (LD) and quantitation limit(LQ) of active substance from pharmaceutical tablets

The aim of this research was to exactly quantify pure sodium metamizole from tablets , using a spectrophotometric analysis in Visible range. The method applied has been subjected to a validation protocal which consisted in analyzing the following parameters: linearity of the method, detection limit (LD) , quantitation limit (LQ). Following actual dosing, pure sodium metamizole amount in tablet of pharmaceutical was found to be 477.477 mg assigned to a percentage content of 95.495 %, very close to official declared amount (500 mg), with an maximum average percentage deviation of only 4.505 % from the official declared active substance content. This value was situated below the maximum admissible percentage deviation from stated active substance content (� 5%), established by Romanian Pharmacopoeia, X-th Edition rules.

Синтез, анальгетическая и противовоспалительная активность гидрохлоридов (3,3-дипропил-6,7-диметокси-3,4-дигидроизохинолин-1(2<I>H</I>)-илиден)ацетамидов

Циклоконденсацией 4(3,4-диметоксибензил)гептан-4-ола с N-замещёнными цианацетамидами синтезированы (3,3-дипропил-6,7-диметокси-3,4-дигидроизохинолин-1(2H)-илиден)ацетамиды. Гидрохлориды полученных енаминоамидов существуют в иминоформе. Все гидрохлориды показали анальгетический эффект в тесте «горячей пластинки» на уровне метамизола натрия, наиболее активным оказался амид, N-замещённый 2(3,4-диметоксифенил)этильным радикалом, превосходящий по уровню анальгетической активности метамизол натрия и нимесулид. Большая часть полученных амидов показали противовоспалительный эффект на каррагениновой модели, сравнимый по уровню с метамизолом натрия.

Chemically‐reduced Graphene Oxide Sensor for Dipyrone Quantification in Pharmaceutical Samples Using Amperometric Detection

AbstractDipyrone (metamizole sodium) is one of the most consumed drugs in the world. In this work a novel analytical method was developed for dipyrone sensing. This method involves the amperometric detection on a chemically‐reduced graphene‐oxide (CRGO)‐modified glassy carbon electrode. Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy revealed the presence of multilayer graphene layers that contributed to the electrocatalytic oxidation of dipyrone and increase in the electroactive area. Advantages of this sensor include elimination of previous separations, solvent extraction, or sample filtration, low detection limit (0.13 μmol L−1) with a linear range from 48 to 246 μmol L−1 and adequate recovery values (97–103 %). Applied to commercial pharmaceutical samples, this method showed results ranging from 451 to 541 mg of dipyrone per tablet, which agreed with the expected values. The results obtained by amperometry were compared statistically with the official method recommended by the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia (iodometric method), with no significant differences between them at 95 % confidence level. The proposed method is accurate for the monitoring of sodium dipyrone in pharmaceutical formulations, highlighting the lower reagent consumption and interferences in the analytical process.

Effects of analgesic and noise stimulus in gait score assessment.

This experiment was carried out aiming to assess walking manner and speed of broiler chickens with different gait scores (GS), with or without sound stimulus, and with or without administration of analgesic. To that end, 1,000 birds were evaluated by the GS test and 74 were selected for walking speed analyses. Weight at slaughter and breast yield values were obtained for comparisons. Walking speed analyses, both with and without analgesic and with and without stimulus were performed. Non-parametric statistics was applied to the GS data that did not meet the assumptions of the statistical model (normality and homogenicity) using Fisher’s exact test according to the data behavior (P<0.05). The analyses of data on speed, weight at slaughter, and breast yield were evaluated by ANOVA and compared by Tukey’s test (P<0.05). Walking speed differed after acoustic stimulus with or without administration of metamizole sodium. Body weight was also different in each GS. It is thus concluded that the birds may feel discomfort when their GS is higher than 0, but that such discomfort may be suppressed when they are stimulated to walk.

The Economic Burden of Selected Analgesic Drugs Prescription by Dentists in Slovakia

Objective: To analyse economic burden of selected analgesic drugs prescription by dentists in Slovakia over a 24-month period. Material and Methods: In this economic burden study, the data were provided from the largest public health insurance company in Slovakia. It was analysed 23,256 prescriptions of selected analgesic drugs (Acetylsalicylic Acid, Diclofenac, Nimesulide, Tramadol and Metamizole Sodium) by dentists in Slovakia. Results: The highest analgesics prescription by dentists was found in Diclofenac in 2016 with 11.2% prescription increase in 2017. The significant decrease of analgesic drug prescription by dentists in 2017 was observed in Tramadol (-29.9%). The economic burden of selected analgesic drugs by patients were €33,926 in 2017 with 21.3% significant decrease of average percentage differences (APD) in Tramadol and 84.6% significant increase of APD in Metamizole sodium in 2017. Patients participated 65.5% share in payment of selected analgesic drugs and Health Insurance Company participated only 34.5% share in payment of selected analgesic drugs in 2017. It was found increase of percentage analgesic drugs prescription in Diclofenac and Nimesulide and decrease of percentage drug prescription in Metamizole sodium from 1/2016 to 12/2017. Conclusion: Economic burden on analgesic drugs prescribed by dentist was low per Slovak inhabitant in calculated. Diclofenac was most frequent prescribed analgesic drug with the highest economic burden. We recommend prescribing cheaper analgesic drugs with a lower economic burden and with the same effect.

Development of a lateral flow immunoassay for the simultaneous detection of four dipyrone metabolites in milk

Dipyrone (DIP) is a commonly used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with strong analgesic, antipyretic, and spasmolytic properties.

ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL AND MEDICAL PORTRAIT OF CHILDREN WITH PERTUSSIS, MENINGOCOCCAL INFECTIOUS, SCARLET FEVER AND ESTIMATION OF THEIR ASSIGNED PHARMACOTHERAPY

Introduction: The level of childhood bacterial diseases incidence does not have a downward trend. The aim: Conduction of a sociological analysis of medical cards for children with pertussis, meningococcal infection (MI), scarlet fever, and evaluation of consumed pharmacotherapy according to real clinical practice in Ukraine. Materials and methods: 1215 medical cards of inpatients; methods: sociological - document analysis, retrospective frequency. Results: Among the cards of children with pertussis: 50.2% - female, 49.8%- male; by age children up to 1 year (49.3%) were prevailed. In 79.6% incidence - medium-hard form pertussis, 42.2% with complications. Among patients with MI by sex there were: 50.5 % - boys and 49.5% - girls; by age - children aged 1-4 (40.2%); the structure of generalized forms of MI: 40.2% - meningococcemia, 11.4% - meningitis, 48.4% - combination. Scarlet fever was more frequently: boys (56.4%), children aged 5-9 (44.7%), urban residents (79.7%); it was 93.4% of a medium-hard form. Most of medicines were prescribed to children with MI - 15.8 trade names per 1 person, it was prescribed 191 INN, most often - Sodium chloride (90.0%), Ascorbic acid (68.5%), Ceftriaxone (65.8%); patients with pertussis - 11.2, 196 INN (Chlorpromazine (69.1%), Dexamethasone (53.2%), Butamirate (51.8%)); scarlet fever - 9.3 medicines, 114 INN (local action Comb drug for throat diseases treatment (94.4%), Ceftriaxone (48.7%), Metamizole sodium (38.1%)). Conclusions: Frequency analysis data of consumed pharmacotherapy in real pediatric practice in Ukraine shows the need for its further optimization in accordance with the principles of evidence-based medicine, the results of research on the socio-demographic characteristics of patients, forms and complications of course of the basic disease.

Study on the Need for Postoperative Analgesic Medication in Patients where Polypropylene Mesh was Used in the Surgical Treatment of Incisional Hernias

One of the most common postoperative complications that may occur in patients treated for incisional hernias is pain. The occurrence of postoperative pain refractory to drug treatment may worsen the prognosis of these patients. We have carried out a retrospective observational study in which we have introduced 122 patients operated for incisional hernia at the Surgical Clinic No. 1 in the Tirgu Mures Emergency County Clinical Hospital. The patients included in the study were divided into two groups: group A consisting of 80 patients where the polypropylene mesh was used over the aponeurosis in the surgical treatment of the incisional hernias, and the group B consisting of 42 patients where no prosthetic materials were used in the surgical treatment of the incisional hernias. All patients were administrated 1 g of sodium metamizole monohydrate for the treatment of pain. The statistical analysis of the data revealed that, on the day of surgery, on the first, second and third postoperative day there were statistically significant differences in the need for analgesic medication between the two groups, the need for the analgesic medication being lower for group A. In contrast, on the 4th postoperative day there were no statistically significant differences in the need for analgesic medication between the two groups. In conclusion, our study showed that, when using the polypropylene mesh in the surgical treatment of incisional hernias, the need for analgesic medication is lower in the immediate postoperative period compared to cases where surgical meshes are not used in the surgical treatment of these patients.

Understanding the dipyrone oxidation allying electrochemical and computational approaches

Electroanalytical methodology by boron-doped diamond electrode (BDDE) associated to the square-wave voltammetry (SWV) for the determination of hydrolyzed dipyrone (DIP) in commercial formulations, raw natural waters and in human urine was developed. Through cyclic voltammetry (CV), it was shown that the oxidation of the DIP on the BDDE was irreversible with diffusional control. Computational studies suggested that the oxidation mechanism of DIP occurred with participation of two electrons and one proton. The analytical curves were obtained for concentrations of DIP ranging from 1.0 × 10−6 to 6.5 × 10−5 mol L−1 (r = 0.9994). The values of detection limit (LOD) and quantification limit (LOQ) of DIP were calculated from SWV and found to be 2.6 × 10−7 mol L−1 and 8.8 × 10−7 mol L−1. The methodology was effectively applied to real samples with the values of calculated recoveries varying between 91.0% and 117.3% and validated by iodometric titration experiments whose values were between 93.3% and 106.9%. The proposed methodology with BDDE represents an alternative tool and it has advantageous, such as very easy handling, low cost, no need for modification, low detection limit. Furthermore, it can be used for the routine analysis of DIP in different real samples.

Synthesis and Analgesic, Anthelmintic, and Insecticidal Activity of 3,3-Dialkyl-1-(2-Phenylamino-2-Thioxoethyl)-3,4-Dihydroisoquinolinium Chlorides

A series of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline enaminothioamides were synthesized by reacting 1-methyl-3,3-dialkyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolines with phenylisothiocyanate. Treatment of the obtained enamines with HCl gave 3,3-dialkyl-1-(2-phenylamino-2-thioxoethyl)-3,4-dihydroisoquinolinium chlorides. Benzo[f]isoquinoline derivatives were synthesized analogously. All hydrochlorides showed analgesic effects in the hot-plate test at the level of metamizole sodium. Isoquinolines with 6- and 7-alkoxy groups were most active. The hydrochloride of the thioamide containing benzo[f]isoquinoline and spirocyclopentane motifs had the greatest anthelmintic and insecticidal activities, which were similar to those of levamisole and diazinon.

Синтез, анальгетическая, антигельминтная и инсектицидная активность хлоридов 3,3-диалкил-1-(2-фениламино-2-тиоксоэтил)-3,4-дигидроизохинолиния

Реакцией 1-метил-3,3-диалкил-3,4-дигидроизохинолинов с фенилизотиоцианатом синтезированы енаминотиоамиды ряда 1,2,3,4-тетрагидроизохинолина. Обработка полученных енаминов HCl даёт хлориды 3,3-диалкил-1-(2-фениламино-2-тиоксоэтил)-3,4-дигидроизохинолиния. Аналогично синтезированы производные бензо[f]изохинолина. Все гидрохлориды показали анальгетический эффект по тесту «горячей пластинки» на уровне метамизола натрия, наиболее активными оказались изохинолины с 6- и 7-алкоксигруппами. Наибольший уровень антигельминтной и инсектицидной активности показал тиоамид, содержащий в структуре бензо[f]изохинолин и спиро-циклопентановый фрагмент, активность этого гидрохлорида близка левамизолу и диазинону.

Phosphoryl Analogs of Salicylic Acid: Synthesis and Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activity

The synthetically convenient method of preparation of unexplored phosphoryl analogs of salicylic acid (2-hydroxyphenylphosphonic and 2-hydroxyphenylphosphinic acids) has been developed for the search of novel nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. It has been shown that 2-hydroxyphenylphosphinic acid is a lowtoxic compound (LD50 3500 mg/kg) exhibiting analgesic activity significantly higher than both 2-hydroxyphenylphosphonic acid and the reference compound (sodium metamizole).