Metal-organic Framework Materials Research Articles

Enhanced absorption capacity and fundamental mechanism of electrospun MIL-101(Cr)-NH2/PAN nanofibrous membranes for Mo(VI) removal

Amidst the escalating global concern over heavy metal discharge from industrial effluents, Mo(VI), as a potentially toxic trace element, poses significant risks to human and environmental health. Traditional treatment methods such as biodegradation and ion exchange have low removal efficiency, hence, the efficient removal of Mo (VI) ions from industrial wastewater assumes paramount importance. Emerging materials, Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs), have garnered extensive attention in water treatment due to their strong adsorption properties, and MOFs membrane materials are hailed as the most promising adsorbents. Therefore, this study aims to prepare a novel membrane material with high efficiency for the removal of Mo (VI) by loading MOFs into nanofibers. Given the water stability of MIL-101, MIL-101-R(-H, -NH2, -NO2) with different functional groups were prepared and subsequently loaded into PAN nanofibrous for the adsorption of Mo(VI). Adsorption kinetics and isotherm studies revealed PAN/MIL-101(Cr)-NH2 to exhibit superior adsorption performance, achieving a maximum adsorption capacity of 171.81 mg g-1. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and molecular dynamics simulations elucidated the adsorption mechanism, highlighting the role of amino modification in facilitating Mo(VI) adsorption through electrostatic attraction and high reactivity. This work not only offers novel materials and approaches for Mo(VI) wastewater treatment but also advances the industrial application of MOF materials in the domain of heavy metal wastewater treatment.

Selective Separation of C8 Aromatics by an Interpenetrating Metal-Organic Framework Material.

O-xylene (OX) is an important chemical raw material, but it is often produced in mixtures with other C8 aromatics. Similar physicochemical properties of the C8 isomers make their separation and purification very difficult and energy intensive. There is an unmet need for an adsorbent that would be effective for the separation of OX from the other C8 isomers. This work reports a three-dimensional interpenetrated metal-organic framework, SYUCT-110, that interacts with each of the single-component C8 isomers to form. The selectivity of C8 aromatic hydrocarbons was determined through liquid-phase batch uptake experiments. The results revealed that the selectivity order was OX > PX > MX > ethylbenzene (EB). The selectivity values were found to be 2.63, 1.58, 5.51, 3.71, 1.86, and 3.02 for OX/MX, OX/PX, OX/EB, PX/MX, MX/EB, and PX/EB, respectively. The adsorption capacity of OX was 71 mg/g. Grand Canonical Monte Carlo simulations were used to study the C8 adsorption sites, revealing that π···π interactions are the main reason for the observed adsorption selectivity. The adsorption energy calculation results also verified the selectivity of SYUCT-110 for the synthesis of OX.

Nanozymes in Biomedical Applications: Innovations Originated From Metal-Organic Frameworks.

Nanozymes exhibit significant potential in medical theranostics, environmental protection, energy development, and biopharmaceuticals due to their exceptional catalytic performance. Compared with natural enzymes, nanozymes have the advantages of simple preparation and purification, convenient production and low cost. Therefore, it is very important to prepare nanozymes quickly and efficiently, which not only helps to expand their application scope, but also can further exert their great potential in various fields. Metal-organic frameworks (MOF) materials serve as versatile substrates for constructing nanozymes, offering unique advantages like adjustable structure, high specific surface area, and porous channels. MOF coordination nodes constructed from metal ions or metal clusters have unique properties that can be leveraged to tailor nanozyme characteristics for different applications. This review describes and analyzes recent methods for constructing nanozymes using MOF materials, and explores their application prospects in biomedicine. By expounding the preparation techniques and biomedical applications of nanozymes, this review aims to inspire researchers to develop innovative nanozyme materials and explore new application directions.

CO2 hydrogenation to methanol over Pt functionalized Hf-UiO-67 versus Zr-UiO-67.

Sustainable methanol formation from CO2/H2 is potentially a key process in the post-fossil chemical industry. In this study, Hf- and Zr-based metal-organic framework (MOF) materials with UiO-67 topology, functionalized with Pt nanoparticles, have been tested for CO2 hydrogenation at 30 bar and 170-240°C. The highest methanol formation rate, 14 molmethanol molPt-1 h-1, was obtained over a Hf-based catalyst, compared with the maximum of 6.2 molmethanol molPt-1 h-1 for the best Zr-based analogue. However, changing the node metal did not significantly affect product distribution or apparent activation energy for methanol formation (44-52 kJ mol-1), strongly indicating that the higher activity of the Hf-based analogues is associated with a higher number of active sites. Both catalysts showed stable catalytic performance during testing under kinetic conditions, but the addition of 2 vol% water to the feed induced catalyst deactivation, in particular the Hf-MOFs. Interestingly, mainly methanol and methane formation rates decreased, while CO formation rates were less affected by deactivation. No direct correlation was found between catalytic stability and framework stability (crystallinity, specific surface area). Experimental and computational studies suggest that water adsorption strength to the MOF node may affect the relative catalytic stability of Hf-UiO-67-Pt versus Zr-UiO-67-Pt methanol catalysts.This article is part of the discussion meeting issue 'Green carbon for the chemical industry of the future'.

Preparation of mixed matrix membranes with PVP-induced fluorinated Zr-MOF for high-efficiency hydrogen purification under high humidity conditions

Given that hydrogen production often involves impurities such as CO2, CH4, H2O, and alkanes, hydrogen purification is crucial for global green energy applications. Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) using metal-organic framework (MOF) materials offer a non-thermal, energy-efficient method for hydrogen purification. These membranes have controllable structures and promote environmental sustainability. However, challenges such as filler aggregation and matrix-filler incompatibility during the preparation of MOF-MMMs are difficult to avoid and can adversely affect separation performance. In this study, 4-(trifluoromethyl) benzoic acid (4-TFMBA) was introduced in situ to grow synchronously with polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) on UiO-66-NH2, forming a hydrophobic bifunctional nanoparticle composite, PVP-Zr-MOF-F. Furthermore, in situ loading of PVP-Zr-MOF-F onto a PVDF polymer matrix was achieved using a wet method and the NIPS technique to prepare PVP-Zr-MOF-F@PVDF. The introduction of 4-TFMBA, with highly electronegative F atoms, enhances hydrophobicity and increases H2 affinity through polarization and hydrogen bonding induced by C–F bonds. PVP promotes the formation of smaller Zr-MOF particles, increases the proportion of small pores, prevents aggregation, and acts as a pore-forming agent, facilitating the in situ loading and dispersion of PVP-Zr-MOF-F within PVDF chains. This bifunctionalization not only improves the compatibility and dispersion of the nanofillers but also increases the number of small pores, enhancing van der Waals forces and confinement effects on H2 molecules, making it suitable for gas separation under humid conditions. The results indicate that the H2 permeance of PVP2–Zr-MOF-F@PVDF can reach 114,735 GPU, with selectivities of 19, 21, 24, and 120 for H2/CO2, H2/CH4, H2/C2H4, and H2/n-C6H14, respectively, surpassing the 2008 Robeson's upper bound. Notably, under high humidity conditions, the selectivities for H2/CO2, H2/CH4, and H2/n-C6H14 are 1566 %, 1891 %, and 3264 % higher than those of the original PVDF membrane, achieving high selectivity separation. Additionally, after repetitive experiments with varying humidity, the membrane's selectivity remained almost unchanged, demonstrating the high hydrothermal stability of PVP2–Zr-MOF-F@PVDF. This research provides a new reference for hydrogen purification and holds significant implications for the sustainable development of green energy.

Controllable Design of Polyamide Composite Membrane Separation Layer Structures via Metal-Organic Frameworks: A Review.

Optimizing the structure of the polyamide (PA) layer to improve the separation performance of PA thin-film composite (TFC) membranes has always been a hot topic in the field of membrane preparation. As novel crystalline materials with high porosity, multi-functional groups, and good compatibility with membrane substrate, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been introduced in the past decade for the modification of the PA structure in order to break through the separation trade-off between permeability and selectivity. This review begins by summarizing the recent progress in the control of MOF-based thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) membrane structures. The review also covers different strategies used for preparing TFN membranes. Additionally, it discusses the mechanisms behind how these strategies regulate the structure and properties of PA. Finally, the design of a competent MOF material that is suitable to reach the requirements for the fabrication of TFN membranes is also discussed. The aim of this paper is to provide key insights into the precise control of TFN-PA structures based on MOFs.

An efficient novel NiCu@INA/rGO MOF hollow microsphere Z-scheme heterojunction catalyst for the photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline and simultaneous degradation of cationic and anionic Dyes

Bimetallic metal-organic framework materials have captivated considerable attention in photocatalysis because of their colossal properties like semiconducting, large surface area, and potent visible light harnessing ability. Self-aggregation and rapid recombination rates have greatly hindered their applications in photocatalysis. A novel reduced graphene oxide-incorporated bimetallic nickel copper metal-organic framework (NiCu@INA/rGO MOF) is fabricated using isonicotinic acid as an organic linker. A synergistic effect between the two metals increased the photocatalytic performance. Introducing reduced graphene oxide to nickel-copper MOF increased charge carrier retention transfer and enhanced the catalyst’s water dispersibility. The efficiency of the photocatalyst for the removal of tetracycline (TCn) and a mixture of Rhodamine B (RhB) and Orange G (OrG) dyes was investigated under visible light. A degradation efficiency of up to 89 % for TCn and close to ∼97.8 % and 93.5 % degradation in the case of RhB and OrG dyes was observed. The studies on the photocatalytic degradation mechanism were explored by conducting radical scavenger experiments, Electron spin resonance (ESR) studies, and Mott-Schottky analysis. TCn and RhB degradation pathways were explored by mass spectral analysis of the intermediates during the photocatalytic degradation of TCn and RhB. This work provides new paradigms for the functional modification of MOF for designing efficient photocatalysis.

Zn-MOF as a saturable absorber for thulium/holmium-doped fiber laser

Metal–organic framework (MOF) is a class of material that is highly porous and modular. Due to their unique properties, MOFs have found applications in gas storage, gas separation, sensing, and supercapacitors. [Zn2(H2L)2(1,2-Bis(4-pyridyl)ethene)4]n, zinc (Zn)-based MOF was used in this work to achieve mode-locked operation in a thulium/holmium-doped fiber laser due to its excellent optical absorption at a wavelength of 1925 nm. The saturable absorber (SA) was fabricated by drop-casting a mixture of Zn-MOF and isopropanol on an arc-shaped fiber. The center wavelength of the mode-locked laser is 1906.75 nm, with a maximum average output power of 3.251 mW. The fundamental repetition rate and the pulse width were 12.89 MHz and 1.772 ps. At the same time, the pulse energy and peak power were 252 pJ and 142 W, respectively. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first time an MOF has been used for mode-locked pulse generation in a thulium/holmium-doped all-fiber laser. This work extends the use of MOF material as a saturable absorber for mode-locking applications in near-infrared fiber lasers.

A sensitive electrochemical aptasensor based on MOF-74(Mg)/GO for impedimetric detection of ultra-trace streptomycin

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), as a class of functional porous materials, have gained extensive attention for constructing excellent electrochemical aptasensors. To overcome the insufficient conductivity of MOF materials, various conductive materials are gradually applied to assemble with MOFs. At present, the construction of sensitive MOF hybrid material-based electrochemical aptasensor is still significant importance. In this work, a hybrid material, namely MOF-74(Mg)/GO, is successfully synthesized by the in situ assembly of MOF-74(Mg) and graphene oxide (GO). The as-synthesized composite possesses the advantages of MOF-74(Mg) and GO, resulting in the fabricated electrochemical aptasensor with excellent detection performance toward ultra-trace streptomycin via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.

Fabrication of abundant oxygen vacancies in MOF-derived (Fe,Co)3O4 for oxygen evolution reaction and as an air cathode for zinc-air batteries

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) find wide-ranging applications owing to their adjustable structures, diverse compositions, and large specific surface area. In this work, MOFs materials were grown in situ on carbon cloth, yielding self-supported electrodes VO-(Fe,Co)3O4@CC rich in oxygen vacancies through a simple high-temperature annealing treatment utilizing NaBH4 as an etchant. Thus the resulting self-supported electrode VO-(Fe,Co)3O4@CC exhibited excellent oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance, achieving an overpotential of merely 288 mV at 10 mA cm−2, along with a low Tafel slope of 31.39 mV dec-1, and demonstrating robust long-term activity and stability. In addition, a liquid zinc-air battery was assembled utilizing the prepared VO-(Fe,Co)3O4@CC as an air cathode, achieving a high open-circuit voltage of 1.46 V and a high peak power density of 89.06 mW cm−2, and it maintained excellent cycling stability during cyclic charging and discharging (with a current density of 2 mA cm−2) over a 32 h period. Meanwhile, the self-supported electrode VO-(Fe,Co)3O4@CC served as an air cathode for assembling an all-solid-state flexible zinc-air battery (ZAB), demonstrating a high peak power density (38.21 mW cm−2) and exhibiting favorable cycling stability. This experiment offers insights into the potential application of MOF-derived electrocatalysts in water decomposition and zinc-air batteries.

Construction of MIL-100(Fe)-DMA material for efficient adsorption of Sr and Cs ions from radioactive wastewater

A novel metal-organic framework (MOF) material, MIL-100(Fe)-DMA, was synthesized using the solvothermal method. The structure of the MOF was characterized using scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms, X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Batch adsorption experiments were performed to investigate the effects of initial Sr2+ and Cs+ concentrations, adsorption time, pH, and coexisting cations on the adsorption performance of the material. The adsorption mechanism was further elucidated using adsorption kinetics and isotherm models. The results indicated that the adsorption of Sr2+ and Cs+ does not significantly affect the MOF material structure. As reaction time and initial ion concentration increased, the adsorption capacity of MIL-100(Fe)-DMA for Sr2+ and Cs+ increased rapidly and then gradually reached equilibrium. Optimal adsorption occurred under alkaline conditions, with maximum adsorption capacity observed at pH = 8. The adsorption process for Sr2+ and Cs+ was well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, the Weber–Morris model, and the Langmuir adsorption isothermal model. The adsorption process was mainly identified as monolayer chemical adsorption, influenced by multiple factors. Characterization combined with density functional theory calculations revealed that the unsaturated carboxylic acid groups on the surface of the MOFs play a crucial role in the interaction with Sr2+ and Cs+.

Aromatic pore engineering in microporous metal–organic frameworks for high-production one-step methane purification from ternary alkanes mixtures

The exploitation of competent isolation and purification technology of methane (CH4) is an imperative and challenging task for full utilization of clean natural gas in petrochemical industry. Compared to traditional energy-intensive low-temperature distillation, adsorptive separation using porous metal–organic framework (MOF) materials provides an alternative technique with low energy consumption and high efficiency. In this situation, an aromatic pore engineering strategy in a series of pillar-layered Zn-based MOFs by introducing organic linkers with different degrees of aromatic units was investigated to tune pore size and pore environment for simultaneously removing propane (C3H8) and ethane (C2H6) from C3H8/C2H6/CH4 mixtures. Compared to the other two analogues, i.e. Zn(BDC)(TED)0.5 and Zn(ADC)(TED)0.5, obtained Zn(NDC)(TED)0.5 showed high adsorption capacity for C3H8 (5.18 mmol/g) and C2H6 (5.04 mmol/g) and selectivity for C3H8/CH4 and C2H6/CH4 at 298 K and 1.0 bar. Breakthrough tests proved the three MOFs can effectively separate ternary C3H8/C2H6/CH4 mixtures, and Zn(NDC)(TED)0.5 especially exhibited excellent high-purity CH4 yield of 10.07 mmol/g. Computational simulations showed that suitable pore space and surface aromatic environment in Zn(NDC)(TED)0.5 created beneficial interactions with C3H8 and C2H6 molecules, which ultimately contributed to its favourable adsorption and separation property. This system work provides insights for the development of pore control method in MOF materials for natural gas purification.

Bifunctional In-MOFs for Selective and Sensitive Detection of Trace Nitrobenzene Compounds in Water and Possessing High Proton Conductivity.

With the escalating prevalence of terrorism and global environmental pollution, nitroaromatic compounds (NACs) have increasingly come into focus as the primary culprit. To counter these challenges, it is imperative to develop simple and efficient methods for detecting NACs. Considering the electron-deficient structure of NAC molecules, this paper constructed a novel three-dimensional In-MOF with permanent porosity using electron-rich organic molecules 4'-[1,2,2-tris(3',5'-dicarboxy[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)ethenyl]-[1,1'-biphenyl]-3,5-dicarboxylic acid (H8ETTB) for fluorescence detection by photoinduced electron transfer. The results indicated that In-ETTB can sensitively detect trace NACs in water. In-ETTB exhibited the best detection performance for 3-NP, achieving a Ksv value of 8.75 × 104 M-1 with a limit of detection of 0.27 μΜ in aqueous solution; this belongs to a relatively high level among the reported metal organic framework (MOF) materials. Subsequently, anti-interference experiments revealed that In-ETTB exhibits strong specificity fluorescence recognition of NACs, and it could still maintain its structural integrity and fluorescence emission intensity even after 7 cycles of testing. We confirmed that the fluorescence detection of NACs was due to a combined effect of competitive absorption and photoinduced electron transfer through experimental collaboration DFT calculations in detail. Meanwhile, the proton conductivity reached 2.45 × 10-2 S·cm-1 at 98% relative humidity and 90 °C, which is also a high level in MOFs. This work provides a universal method theoretical basis for designing NAC detectors with practical application prospects.

Preparation of NH2-MIL-101(Fe) Metal Organic Framework and Its Performance in Adsorbing and Removing Tetracycline.

Tetracycline's accumulation in the environment poses threats to human health and the ecological balance, necessitating efficient and rapid removal methods. Novel porous metal-organic framework (MOF) materials have garnered significant attention in academia due to their distinctive characteristics. This paper focuses on studying the adsorption and removal performance of amino-modified MIL-101(Fe) materials towards tetracycline, along with their adsorption mechanisms. The main research objectives and conclusions are as follows: (1) NH2-MIL-101(Fe) MOF materials were successfully synthesized via the solvothermal method, confirmed through various characterization techniques including XRD, FT-IR, SEM, EDS, XPS, BET, and TGA. (2) NH2-MIL-101(Fe) exhibited a 40% enhancement in tetracycline adsorption performance compared to MIL-101(Fe), primarily through chemical adsorption following pseudo-second-order kinetics. The adsorption process conformed well to Freundlich isotherm models, indicating multilayer and heterogeneous adsorption characteristics. Thermodynamic analysis revealed the adsorption process as a spontaneous endothermic reaction. (3) An increased adsorbent dosage and temperature correspondingly improved NH2-MIL-101(Fe)'s adsorption efficiency, with optimal performance observed under neutral pH conditions. These findings provide new strategies for the effective removal of tetracycline from the environment, thus holding significant implications for environmental protection.

Sensitive detection of NH3 at room temperature at ppb level via facile ZIF calcination

This study introduces an innovative approach for preparing gas sensors involving the formation of metal oxides from metal–organic framework materials via a two-step calcination process. A gas-sensitive material capable of detecting NH3 at a concentration of 11 ppb at room temperature was developed using a simple and facile experimental method. Compared with materials produced in previous studies by one-step calcination, the C-doped ZnO developed in this study had a dispersed cubic porous morphology with a higher specific surface area and smaller pore size. During two-step calcination, urea acts as a structure-directing agent and increases the gas adsorption capacity of the final material. Additionally, the incorporation of urea slightly reduced the material's band gap. Further examinations confirmed the material's exceptional selectivity and long-term stability in detecting NH3, and response tests at 59 %, 75 %, and 85 % relative humidity indicated its tolerance to high-humidity environments. These outstanding characteristics suggest that the proposed fabrication method can produce metal-oxide materials with substantially enhanced gas-sensing performance.

Growth behavior of anisotropic monometallic MOFs derivatives with the high absorbing and thermal properties

The growth behavior and morphological characteristics of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) should be considered as important factors in understanding their structure. Therefore, MOFs with atypical shapes, heterogeneous structures or abnormal properties that grow anisotropic can serve as components and templates for further directed assembly or conversion into MOF derivatives with excellent performance in electromagnetic wave absorption. Cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni) metals have good magnetic properties and are common materials for the preparation of monometallic MOF-derived. In this study, various MOF materials with anisotropic properties, such as rod-like, flower-like, and braided, were prepared by adjusting the molar ratio of Co and Ni solvent to the organic ligand. Due to the rich inter-facial polarization and strong magnetic coupling network of the magnetic composites, Ni-MOF-b (Ni-MOF with braided shape) was prepared for the first time when the molar ratio of nickel nitrate to linker was 1:1.2. The Ni-C-b was obtained after pyrolysis of Ni-MOF-b, the minimum reflection loss of Ni-C-b was –50.7 dB at 4.0 mm. In addition, the thermal conductivity of the film prepared with Ni-C-b as filler is 2.2 W/mK. The film with integrated good heat dissipation and wave absorbing properties provides a research idea for the design of multifunctional integrated film.

Multimaterial Digital-Light Processing of Metal-Organic Framework (MOF) Composites: A Versatile Tool for the Rapid Microfabrication of MOF-Based Devices.

Patterning Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) is essential for their use in sensing, electronics, photonics, and encryption technologies. However, current lithography methods are limited in their ability to pattern more than two MOFs, hindering the potential for creating advanced multifunctional surfaces. Additionally, balancing design flexibility, simplicity, and cost often results in compromises. This study addresses these challenges by combining Digital-Light Processing (DLP) with a capillary-assisted stop-flow system to enable multimaterial MOF patterning. It demonstrates the desktop fabrication of multiplexed arbitrary micropatterns across cm-scale areas while preserving the MOF's pore accessibility. The ink, consisting of a MOF crystal suspension in a low volatile solvent, a mixture of high molecular weight oligomers, and a photoinitiator, is confined by capillarity in the DLP projection area and quickly exchanged using syringe pumps. The versatility of this method is demonstrated by the direct printing of a ZIF-8-based luminescent oxygen sensor, a 5-component dynamic information concealment method, and a PCN-224-based colorimetric sensor for amines, covering disparate pore and analyte sizes. The multi-MOF capabilities, simplicity, and accessibility of this strategy pave the way for the facile exploration of MOF materials across a wide range of applications, with the potential to significantly accelerate the design-to-application cycle of MOF-based devices.

Enhancing Two-Photon Excited Fluorescence of Metal-Organic Framework Single Crystals through Modulation of Inorganic Nodes.

Regulation of the two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) emission intensity and wavelength of metal-organic framework (MOF) crystals with similar constitutions presents a significant challenge. In this study, two MOFs, Zn-BTPPA and Cd3-BTPPA, were constructed using tetrakis(1,1'-biphenyl-4-carboxylic acid)-1,4-benzenediamine (H4BTPPA) as the organic ligand and mononuclear Zn and trinuclear Cd3 inorganic nodes, respectively. The incorporation of H4BTPPA within the MOF structures enables effective TPEF emission in both Zn-BTPPA and Cd3-BTPPA. The TPEF results show that Zn-BTPPA and Cd3-BTPPA exhibited strong emissions at 523 and 463 nm, respectively, when excited with a 780 nm laser. Moreover, Zn-BTPPA and Cd3-BTPPA exhibited much higher two-photon absorption cross sections, approximately 4.9 and 5.2 times higher than that of the reported dinuclear MOF, Cd2-BTPPA, with a similar composition, respectively. With different inorganic nodes, the stacking of chromophores, π···π interactions, and ligand geometry were found to correlate with the enhanced TPEF in Cd3-BTPPA and the blue-shifted TPEF in Zn-BTPPA. This work serves as an inspiration for designing efficient TPEF MOF materials based on the structure-property relationship.

From Nanozymes to Multi-Purpose Nanomaterials: The Potential of Metal-Organic Frameworks for Proteomics Applications.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have the potential to revolutionize the biotechnological and medical landscapes due to their easily tunable crystalline porous structure. Herein, the study presents MOFs' potential impact on proteomics, unveiling the diverse roles MOFs can play to boost it. Although MOFs are excellent catalysts in other scientific disciplines, their role as catalysts in proteomics applications remains largely underexplored, despite protein cleavage being of crucial importance in proteomics protocols. Additionally, the study discusses evolving MOF materials that are tailored for proteomics, showcasing their structural diversity and functional advantages compared to other types of materials used for similar applications. MOFs can be developed to seamlessly integrate into proteomics workflows due to their tunable features, contributing to protein separation, peptide enrichment, and ionization for mass spectrometry. This review is meant as a guide to help bridge the gap between material scientists, engineers, and MOF chemists and on the other side researchers in biology or bioinformatics working in proteomics.

Biomedical Metal–Organic framework materials on antimicrobial therapy: Perspectives and challenges

As a barrier between the structure of the human body's internal organs and the outside environment, the skin serves crucial physiological tasks like protection, regulation, and metabolism. The skin's close interaction with the outside makes it particularly vulnerable to many injuries. Bacterial infections cause wound healing to take longer, raise the risk of chronic harm, and serve as a breeding ground for drug-resistant bacteria. As a result, it is critical to eliminate bacterial species from the wound region rapidly and efficiently. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), are critically adjustable hybrid materials that integrate organic ligands with coordination metals to generate a range of topologically isomorphic structures. MOFs' creation and shape are investigated by the metal source and ligand utilized in the reaction process, and the structural benefits of this near-infinite combination of structures allow boundless potential for their surface functionalization. MOF has a large effective surface area, tunable structure, adaptability, excellent biodegradability, high drug load, adjustable release of drugs, robust targeting, etc. It can be loaded with therapeutic materials and has programmability. It is more conducive to treating complex wounds while realizing the synergistic effects of antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and pro-angiogenesis, effectively improving treatment safety. This review summarizes the most recent research advances on various MOFs for antimicrobial therapy, using diverse types of metal-ion-based MOFs as an entry point. Finally, it covers several important challenges in the antimicrobial treatment of metal-ion-based MOFs.