Metal Complexes Of Derivatives Research Articles

Nickel (II) and Copper (II) Schiff Base Derivatives: Design, Characterization, Biological Activity

AbstractThis work presents the designing and characterization of two novel metal complexes derived from a Schiff base, N,N’‐ethane‐1,2‐diylbis[1‐(2‐chloroquinolin‐3‐yl)methanimine] (EBCQ), coordinated with Ni (II) (NiEBCQ), and Cu (II) (CuEBCQ). Structures of the metal complex derivatives were proposed utilizing a variety of analytical methods having elemental analysis, ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, magnetic properties, conductivity measurement, and thermal analysis. The obtained data revealed octahedral geometries for both NiEBCQ and CuEBCQ complexes, denoted as [Ni(EBCQ)(H2O)2(Cl)2] and [Cu(EBCQ)(H2O)2(Cl)2], respectively. Density functional theory computations were employed for confirming the molecular structures and exploring quantum chemical parameters of both EBCQ and its metal complex derivatives. The anti‐inflammatory results reveal that the EBCQ ligand and its metal complexes, NiEBCQ, and CuEBCQ, exhibit varying degrees of inhibition, with CuEBCQ showing the highest potency. CuEBCQ achieved 89.80% inhibition at 300 µM, with an IC50 value of 86.38 µM, indicating its superior anti‐inflammatory activity compared to NiEBCQ (IC50 of 92.33 µM) and the ligand EBCQ (IC50 of 169.07 µM). In the antioxidant assays, the CuEBCQ complex again showed the most pronounced activity, achieving an IC50 of 74.16 µM, outperforming both NiEBCQ (IC50 of 89.06 µM) and the EBCQ ligand (IC50 of 101.58 µM). The antibacterial tests confirmed the metal complexes' superiority, particularly CuEBCQ, which displayed excellent inhibition against Bacillus cereus compared to the ligand. Molecular docking studies targeting specific proteins (5IKT for human cyclo‐oxygenase‐2, and 5IJT for human peroxiredoxin 2) were performed to assess the binding affinities and interactions of EBCQ and its metal complex derivatives. The results propose promising potential for the application of EBCQ and its metal complexes as novel therapeutic agents with diverse biological activities. Finally, antibacterial effectiveness of the ligand and its complexes were monitored opposed to several Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria.

Imidazole-Based Metal Complex Derivatives: A Comprehensive Overview of Synthesis and Biological Applications

Imidazole-Based Metal Complex Derivatives: A Comprehensive Overview of Synthesis and Biological Applications

Synthesis, characterization, in vitro and in silico assessment of novel diclofenac derivative metal complexes

A novel hydrazone ligand was synthesized by condensing diclofenac hydrazide with salicylaldehyde. This ligand was then used to create complexes with cobalt(II), nickel(II), copper(II), gadolinium(III), lanthanum(III), and silver(I). Structural characterization of these compounds was achieved through various techniques, including nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, elemental analysis, thermal analysis, magnetic susceptibility measurements, electron spin resonance spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and conductivity measurements. The inhibitory effects of the synthesized compounds on cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzymes, critical targets for anti-inflammatory drugs, were assessed. Notably, the cobalt(II) and silver(I) complexes exhibited high selectivity for inhibiting COX-2, with selectivity indices of 118.75 and 105.00, respectively. The antitumor potential of the compounds was evaluated against MCF-7 (breast cancer) and HepG-2 (liver cancer) cell lines. The copper(II) and gadolinium(III) complexes demonstrated the highest efficacy, significantly inhibiting the growth of both cancer cell lines with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values as low as 0.37 µM and 0.58 µM (MCF-7) and 0.35 µM and 0.67 µM (HepG-2), respectively. These complexes outperformed the original ligand in inhibiting cancer cell growth. In silico studies, using the SwissADME web tool and AutoDocke Vina, corroborated the experimental findings and provided insights into the compounds' physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetics, drug-likeness, and potential binding interactions with COX-1, COX-2, and the target proteins in the cancer cell lines.

Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Activities of Copper Metal Complexes of Some Novel Acylhydrazoneoxime Ligands

The current study is focused on the synthesis of copper metal complexes of different derivatives of acylhydrazoneoximes (4-R-INAP-TPHD). The copper metal complexes were synthesized by reacting copper chloride with various 4-substituted isonitrosoacetophenoneterephthalohydrazide ligands (4-R-INAP-TPHD) viz. 4-H-INAP-TPHD, 4-CH3-INAP-TPHD,4-OCH3-INAP-TPHD and 4-Cl-INAP-TPHD. The resulting complexes were characterized by using various techniques such as elemental analysis, electrical conductance, magnetic susceptibility, UV-Visible, FTIR and TG-DTA. Antibacterial activities of these metal complexes were also studied against selected bacteria strain.

Synthesis, structural and antimicrobial studies of transition metal complexes of a novel Schiff base ligand incorporating 1,2,4-triazole and 4-(benzyloxy)benzaldehyde moieties

A Schiff base ligand named 4-(((5-mercapto-4H-1,2,4-triazole-4-yl)imino)methyl)-(benzyloxy)benzene (HL) and its bioactive series of Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) metal complexes having 1:1 and 2:1 ligand-to-metal ratio, have been synthesized. All the synthesized compounds were fully characterized by IR, 1H-NMR, elemental analysis, absorbance (UV-Vis.) and mass spectra. Furthermore, the molecular structure of the Schiff base was established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Additionally, computational investigations of the compounds were conducted using the DFT/B3LYP method. This analysis involved the determination of FMO energy values, as well as the calculation of quantum chemical parameters. The binding effect of metal ions on the ligand's fluorescence intensity was probed using fluorescence spectroscopy. The thermal stability and kinetic parameters of the complexes were determined using TGA (Thermogravimetric Analysis) analysis via the Coats–Redfern method. The docking studies, actively explored the interaction between Schiff base ligand and protein receptor molecules of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans. To assess the therapeutic potential, an in silico ADMET model was employed, revealing that the synthesized molecules exhibit drug-like properties. The Schiff base and all the derived metal complexes were screened for their antimicrobial potential against bacterial species like Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and fungus Candida albicans.

Benzohydrazide derivative metal complex's antimicrobial and inhibitory effects on liver cancer cell lines and quinone oxidoreductase 2: Experimental, molecular docking, and DFT investigations

The activity of benzohydrazide derivatives has good biological activity against many bacteria species and different cancer cell lines, and the significance of metal complexes in boosting bioavailability and inhibitory action have both been highlighted in recent research. Here we synthesized (E)-N'-(4-(dimethylamino)benzylidene)benzohydrazide (HDmby) and its seven metal (II) complexes, including [MCl2(HDmby)] {where MII = Pd (1), Pt(2), Zn (3), Cd(4), and Hg(5)} and [M(Dmby)2] {where MII = Pd (6), and Hg(7)}, with good yields (71–93 %) and characterized by molar conductivities, elemental analysis, FTIR, and NMR (1H and 13C) spectroscopic techniques. This study focuses on the analysis of the HDmby ligand and its metal complexes using theoretical calculations. The results reveal excellent agreement between the calculated and experimental data, highlighting the stability of both the ligand and its metal complexes. The HOMO and LUMO energies indicate their stability, with negative energy values. The prepared complexes displayed respectable activity against S. aureus, B. subtilis, and E. coli. [PtCl2(HDmby)] complex showed the highest inhibition value (DIZ is 20, 23, and 25 mm) against all types of bacteria. In other combinations, the free ligand doesn't show outstanding results. Also screened the cytotoxic activity against the human liver cancer cells, and the results indicated that complexes (2) and (3) showed higher cytotoxic activity with IC50 = 8.08 ± 0.736 and 4.03 ± 0.271 µM, respectively. As the high activity of quinone oxidoreductase 2 (NQO2) was correlated to liver cancer incidence, the inhibitory activity of HDmby and its complexes on NQO2 was investigated using a molecular docking approach. HDmby has demonstrated a remarkable capacity to form hydrogen bonds, whereas its zinc complex has demonstrated an enhanced energy binding score that is on par with doxorubicin, which is being studied as a reference inhibitor. The outcomes demonstrated a strong degree of concordance with the experimental data and emphasized the significance of organometallic compounds in cancer chemotherapy.

Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Studies of Metal Complexes of Dicoumarol Derivatives of Gatifloxacin

Copper(II) complexes were prepared using gatifloxacin and dicoumarin derivatives to investigate their biological activities and to conduct X-ray studies. The complexes were synthesized through classical thermal methods. Biologically potent ligands were synthesized by the reaction of dicoumarin derivative with different aldehydes in ethanol. Cu(II) complexes were formed by mixing ethanolic solution of ligands and gatifloxacin with metal solutions in a 1:1 mole ratio. The structures of the dicoumarin derivatives and their Cu(II) complexes were analyzed by infrared, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectrometry. The thermal behavior of the new mixed ligand Cu(II) complexes was investigated by thermogravimetric, fast atom bombardment (FAB) mass, and X-ray analysis. The iron-reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) (antioxidant activity) of all compounds was evaluated. All the synthesized compounds were screened for antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Streptococcus pyogenes; minimum inhibitory concentration values for Candida albicans; and Aspergillus niger were determined using the Luria Broth dilution method. The ligands and their complexes were evaluated for antioxidant and antibacterial activity in vitro. The complexes exhibited better results than their respective counterparts.. KEYWORDS :Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Fast atom bombardment mass, Thermal analysis, Thermo gravimetric analysis, X-ray.

Structure elucidation {single X-ray crystal diffraction studies, Hirshfeld surface analysis, DFT} and antibacterial studies of 1,2-benzothiazine metal complexes

The 2-benzyl-4‑hydroxy-1,1-dioxo-1,2-benzothiazine-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester i.e., ligand 1 was utilized to synthesize Mn(II) 2, Co(II) 3, Ni(II) 4, Cu(II) 5 and Zn(II) 6 derived metal complexes in mild basic conditions. The structural investigation was carried out by UV–vis, FT-IR, NMR spectroscopy, CHN analysis, conductivity measurement, ESI-MS analysis and magnetic susceptibility techniques. The X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the octahedral and distorted square pyramidal geometries of the cobalt and copper complexes. The ligand 1 coordinated with metal centres through enolic oxygen atoms of the thiazine ring and ester group while methanol coordinated with metal center via oxygen atom. The Hirshfeld surface analysis (HSA) was utilized to determine the intermolecular interactions. In support of the experimental data, DFT studies were also performed for the cobalt and copper complexes. The NBO analysis resulted in the large stabilization values 11.91 and 12.35 kcal/mol for the cobalt and copper complexes. The global reactivity indicated the higher values of hardness and the large values of FMO analysis which support the higher stability of the metal complexes. The synthesized compounds were also evaluated against six bacterial strains to check their antibacterial potential. It was observed from results that highest activity was depicted by copper complex 5 against B. subtilis and the zone of inhibition is 23.4 ± 0.6 mm which is comparable to ampicillin (standard drug).

Novel and high photovoltaic performance sensitizers of copolymeric sulfur coordination metal complexes of benzimidazolyl benzodithiophene derivatives

Compared to the complexes using N and O as coordination atoms, whose PCE has never exceeded 10%, the sensitizers using the softer S as a coordination atom have made a breakthrough in their performance, with a PCE of 10.96%.

Noncyclic Diaza Ligands and Their Metal Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Studies

Condensation reactions involving various ketones and amines formed noncyclic ligands denoted as LI, LII, LIII, and LIV. Ethylenediamine, when reacted with acetophenone, benzoylacetone (in the presence of 70% HClO4), and benzophenone, resulted in the following noncyclic ligands: (E,E)-N,N-bis(1-phenylethylidene)ethylenediamine (LI), bis(1-3-hydroxy-3-phenylbut-2-ene-ylidene) (LII) and (E,E)-N,N-bis(1,1-diphenylmethylidene)ethylenediamine (LIII), respectively. The reaction of benzophenone with 1,3-diaminopropane in a 1:1 ratio in a methanolic solution also led to the synthesis of a noncyclic ligand, (E,E)-N,N-bis(1,1-diphenylmethylidene)propylenediamine (LIV). All the synthesized noncyclic ligands, except LII, undergo decomposition during complexation, reverting to the initial ketones and amines. In contrast, LII exhibits remarkable stability and can form square planar complexes with Ni(II), Cu(II), and Co(II) salts. Additionally, the Co(II) complex can convert into a six-coordinated Co(III) complex, [CoLII(H2O)2](NCS), when it reacts with KNCS. All these ligands and derived metal complexes were characterized, and their antimicrobial properties were evaluated against the selected fungi and bacteria.

Design, spectral, molecular modeling, antimitotic, analytical and mechanism studies of phenyl isothiocyanate Girard's T derived metal complexes

The ligand N-{[(phenyl amino) thioxomethyl] hydrazino carbonyl methyl} trimethyl ammonium chloride (PTHAC) was prepared by the refluxing phenyl isothiocyanate and Girard-T (trimethyl ammonium-acethydrazide) in a molar ratio (1:1). The metal complexes derived from NiCl2.6H2O, CuCl2.2H2O and Co(CH3COO)2.6H2O were synthesized and purified. The PTHAC and its Cu(II), Co(II), and Ni(II) metal complexes(1–3) were characterized using a variety of various instrumental performances such as elemental analysis, magnetic moment, spectra (IR, UV–Vis, 1H NMR, mass) and thermal analysis (TGA and DTG).The results of element analysis, magnetic moment, spectra (IR, UV–Vis, 1H NMR, mass), and thermal (TGA and DTA) analyses provide the structures of the produced ligand and its (1–3) complexes. According to the spectroscopic results, PTHAC acts as an O, N and S tridentate donor, creating a mononuclear complex with copper(II), cobalt(II), and nickel(II) ions with an octahedral geometry. All of the atomic properties, including bond lengths, bond angles, HOMO, LUMO, dipole moments, and charges, have been determined. The cytotoxic activities of the PTHAC and the produced (1–3) complexes against breast carcinoma cells have been studied and correlated to the molecular modeling. When compared to the free ligand, CoII-L, and NiII-L, the CuII-L complex inhibits breast cancer cell growth more effectively. Furthermore, the PTHAC ligand was successfully applied for separation via flotation and spectrophotometric determination of Co(II) in several natural water, certified ore and pharmaceutical samples using oleic acid surfactant (HOL). At pH 6.5, PTHAC reacted with Co(II) to create a dark green (1:1) Co(II):PTHAC complex that was floated significantly using oleic acid (HOL) surfactant. The different experimental variable affecting the separation procedure e.g. pH, concentration of Co(II), HOL, PTHAC, temperature etc.…, were investigated. Co(II) had a linear range of (0.1–7.0) mgL−1. In the aqueous and scum layers, the molar absorptivities for the coloured complex are 0.14 × 104 and 0.16 × 105Lmol−1 cm−1, respectively. The LOD was 0.04 mgL−1, which is related to Sandell sensitivity of 3.7 × 10−3 µg cm−2 with a preconcentration factor of 200 and a RSD, % (n = 5) less than 4.2%. In addition, the mechanisms involved in the process of coordination of PTHAC with Cu(II), Co(II) and Ni(II) and the mechanism involved in the process of flotation of the PTHAC-Co(II) complex using HOL surfactant were elucidated.

Novel Schiff Base Derived from Amino Pyrene: Synthesis, Characterization, Crystal Structure Determination, and Anticancer Applications of the Ligand and Its Metal Complexes.

In this study, we report the cytotoxicity of a newly synthesized Schiff base HL ((E)-2-ethoxy-6((pyren-1-ylimino)methyl)phenol) and its derived metal complexes (Zn(II), Cu(II), Co(II), Cr(III), and Fe(III)) along with their structural characterizations by means of elemental analysis, magnetic moment, molar conductance, IR, UV-Vis, ESR, and mass spectrometry. The single X-ray diffraction of the HL shows that it exists in the phenol-imine form in its solid state. The NMR and IR data indicate that the bidentate binding of the Schiff base ligand with the metal center occurs during complexation through the azomethine nitrogen atom and the hydroxyl group oxygen atom of the 3-ethoxy salicylaldehyde. The electronic spectra and magnetic measurements indicate that the Co(II) complex has a tetrahedral geometry and that the Cr(III) and Fe(III) complexes have a distorted octahedral geometry. The ESR and electronic spectra suggest that the Cu(II) complex has a distorted tetrahedral geometry. The cytotoxic effects of the HL and all of the metal complexes were studied using human breast cancer (MCF-7) cells. The Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes exhibited the highest activity against the tested cell line, with IC50 values of 5.66 and 12.74 μg/mL, respectively, and their activity was higher than that of the fluorouracil cancer drug against the MCF-7 cells (18.05 μg/mL).

Transition Metal Complexes of 2-Aminopyridine Derivatives as Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors: Stability, Spectral, and Thermal Characterization, Electrochemical Behavior, DFT Calculations, Molecular Docking, and Biological Activities

Transition Metal Complexes of 2-Aminopyridine Derivatives as Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors: Stability, Spectral, and Thermal Characterization, Electrochemical Behavior, DFT Calculations, Molecular Docking, and Biological Activities

Synthesis, Characterization and Antioxidant Activity of New Azo Ligand and Some Metal Complexes of Tryptamine Derivatives

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UV protective textile: Experimental and DFT computational studies on the function of some metal complexes of hydrazide derivatives on cellulose fabrics

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is harmful to the skin. Therefore, it capitalized on the properties of thiophene and pyridine derivatives to prepare new textile‐protective agents with improved UV protection factor (UPF) factor. This embodies the preparation and characterization of “2‐((3‐cyano‐4‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐6‐(thiophene‐2‐yl)pyridine‐2‐yl)oxy)acetohydrazide” (HZ) in complex with Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), or Cd(II), using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), carbon‐13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR), X‐ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermal analysis techniques. Characterization of cotton fabric‐based cellulose (CELL) in complex with the synthesized agents using FTIR spectroscopy, X‐ray spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (SEM–EDX) revealed deposition of the hydrazide and its metal complexes on the cellulosic fiber. Interestingly, cellulose complexation with Cu(II) was observed to have the highest value of the UPF. Computation of the reactivity indices using density functional theory (DFT) supports this finding, where the electrophilicity parameter of the modified fabric was found to correlate with the UPF wherein Cu(II) shows the highest value. The synthesized complexes could, therefore, provide lead structures for developing new UV‐protective agents with enhanced coating characteristics.

Novel Metal Complexes Unit of Phenanthroline Derivative for Being Used as Auxiliary Electron Acceptor in Dye Sensitizer Molecules

AbstractDonor‐acceptor‐π bridge‐acceptor (D−A−π−A) motif dyes are promising dye sensitizers in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). In this study, to strengthen with‐drawing electron force of the auxiliary electron acceptors(A) in D−A−π−A motif dye sensitizers, the metal complexes unit is be used as auxiliary electron acceptor(A) instead of organic electron‐withdrawing monomer. The four polymeric metal complexes were designed, synthesized, and characterized, which used metal complexes of phenanthroline derivatives as auxiliary acceptors (A), benzodithiophene‐dithiophene derivatives (BDTT) as donors (D), and 8‐hydroxyquinoline derivatives as π‐bridges and acceptors of the dye sensitizers, and have been used for dye sensitizers. Under AM 1.5 G (100 mW cm−2), the photovoltaic test results indicated that the short‐circuit photocurrent density (Jsc) of the DSSCs based four polymeric metal complexes are 11.26, 13.68, 14.42 and 15.57 mA cm−2and power conversion efficiency (PCE) are 5.96 %, 7.83 %, 8.07 %, 9.28 % respectively. BothJscandPCEvalue of the four polymeric metal complexes increased in order. This may be due to the fact that larger radius of metal ion under the same change number can enhance the coordination bond and cause stronger electron‐withdrawing ability of auxiliary acceptor and stronger charge‐transfer ability between the donor and the acceptor, which results in higherJscand higherPCEof the polymeric complex dye sensitizer.

2-(((4h-1,2,4-Triazol-4-Yl)Imino)Methyl)Phenol Derived Schiff Bases And Their Pharmacological Importance

A facile method has been developed for the synthesis of Schiff bases derived from 4-Amino-1,2,4-triazole with 2-Hydroxybenzaldehyde (Salicylaldehyde) and their complexes with the Mn(II) and V(III) have been synthesized. Derived Metal complexes shown that they have a greater impact than their parent medications. Elemental analysis, IR, and ESR XRD studies have been used to characterize the prepared complexes. The results of the spectroscopic investigations suggested that the metal complexes' have octahedral geometry and the presence of the azomethine nitrogen group in coordination with the metal ion have been projected. Schiff bases and their derived metal complexes have potent biological potential (Antibacterial).

Synthesis and biological activity of iron(II), iron(III), nickel(II), copper(II) and zinc(II) complexes of aliphatic hydroxamic acids

Aliphatic hydroxamic acids (HA) with varying numbers of carbon atoms, C2, C6, C8, C10, C12 and C17, and corresponding Fe(II), Fe(III), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes have been synthesized and characterized by various methods, including structural determination by single crystal X-ray diffraction and theoretical calculations. The biological activities of HA and their complexes have been assessed on a panel of pathogens, including eight bacteria strains and one fungus. The C12 aliphatic HA displayed the lowest minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) towards several microbial strains and a selective antifungal activity. This antifungal selectivity was further improved considering the Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes of C12 HA showed higher IC50 values, thus less impact on the SiHa human cell line viability. This work warrants further investigation to understand the underlying mechanism of action and potential biological applications of HA and the derived metal complexes.

Postsynthetic Thiol-Induced Reshaping of Copper Sulfide Nanoparticles

Nanoparticles of copper sulfide, including roxbyite Cu1.8S, are important materials for many applications, and they also serve as versatile templates for cation exchange reactions that transform them into derivative metal sulfide compounds and complex heterostructures. The sizes and shapes of roxbyite nanoparticles are generally determined during synthesis, and their morphologies are retained during postsynthetic modifications such as cation exchange. Here, we demonstrate postsynthetic morphological modification of roxbyite nanoparticles by treating them with 1-dodecanethiol (1-DDT) and tert-dodecanethiol (t-DDT) at temperatures ranging from 90 to 160 °C. These thiols, which are typically used as ligands and/or sulfur reagents in nanoparticle synthesis, induce morphological reshaping while maintaining composition, crystal structure, and particle volume. For example, 56 nm × 21 nm roxbyite nanorods transform to 32 nm spherical particles in the presence of 1-DDT at 130 °C for two or more hours. The nanorods progressively decrease in length and increase in width, forming a series of ellipsoids having tunable aspect ratios at intermediate time points. Control experiments point to a single-crystal-to-single-crystal pathway that involves material diffusion and migration, which can be accelerated by increasing the density of cation vacancies in the nanoparticles. Because of this pathway, the thiol-induced morphology changes are selective to the copper sulfide regions of heterostructured nanorods containing roxbyite and ZnS, Co9S8, or CuInS2 made using partial cation exchange reactions, providing access to a library of derivative nanoparticles having otherwise inaccessible morphologies.

Transition Metal Complexes of 4-Aminoantipyrine Derivatives and Their Antimicrobial Applications

Transition Metal Complexes of 4-Aminoantipyrine Derivatives and Their Antimicrobial Applications