Metallic Cables Research Articles

Assisting Asylum Seekers: The Unique Expertise of Anesthesiologists

Residents' Review| February 2021 Assisting Asylum Seekers: The Unique Expertise of Anesthesiologists Andrew R. Milewski, MD, PhD Andrew R. Milewski, MD, PhD Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar ASA Monitor February 2021, Vol. 85, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ASM.0000733780.74038.05 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Search Site Citation Andrew R. Milewski; Assisting Asylum Seekers: The Unique Expertise of Anesthesiologists. ASA Monitor 2021; 85:1–7 doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ASM.0000733780.74038.05 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll PublicationsASA Monitor Search Advanced Search Topics: psychiatric hospital The numerous scars marking his arms, legs, back, chest, and face told the story of the horrific, state-sponsored torture that Mr. A had endured. Mr. A, a 25-year-old man from a small country in West Africa, was persecuted because his HIV/AIDS advocacy contradicted a false “presidential cure” contrived by the ruling regime. On multiple occasions, military police detained Mr. A in a squalid prison where they beat him with metal cables, wooden rods, and plastic clubs; battered him with the butts of their AK-47 rifles; threatened to feed him to the president's crocodiles; simulated drowning by forcibly holding his head underwater; chained his wrists and ankles for hours on end; deprived him of food and water for days at a time; and stripped away his dignity through a variety of other tactics. Each year, tens of thousands of individuals like Mr. A flee their home countries to seek asylum in... You do not currently have access to this content.

Vertical Distribution of Insect Pests Using Insect Towers Placed Near Potato Fields in the Lower Columbia Basin.

This study was conducted at the Oregon State University Hermiston Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Hermiston, Umatilla County, OR, during the 2016 and 2017 potato, Solanum tuberosum L. (Solanales: Solanaceae), growing seasons. The objective was to determine the vertical distribution of hemipteran (Bactericera cockerelli Šulc, Circulifer tenellus Baker, Myzus persicae Sulzer, Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas, and Lygus spp.) and thysanopteran (Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande and Thrips tabaci Lindeman) potato pests using insect towers placed near potato fields. Towers were 8 m tall and secured to the ground with metal cables. In each tower, yellow sticky cards were mounted at 1.5 m intervals up to 7.6 m aboveground. Data were collected at 7-d intervals from mid-April until mid or end of August. This study showed that B. cockerelli, C. tenellus, M. persicae, Lygus spp., and both species of thrips were captured on sticky cards placed closest to the ground; in both years, as sticky card height increased, abundances decreased. In contrast, trapped M. euphorbiae numbers were not affected by sticky card height. To our knowledge, this is the first study in the lower Columbia Basin of Oregon that evaluated the vertical distribution of major potato pests.

Analysis of carbon fibre bone plate for “B1” type periprosthetic femoral fracture

Peri-prosthetic Fractures after Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) are a dreaded complication which happen frequently due to aging and day to day normal activities of the patient. These fractures happen below the cemented/uncemented stem, either straight/oblique direction concerning the transverse plane. Treatment requires surgical stabilization using metal plates, screws, cables and/or clamps. However, stress shielding in bone due to metal plates can be reduced by designing implants with fibre reinforced polymer composites. The present study aims to study the stress distribution in a composite plate using carbon fibre for a B1 type periprosthetic femoral fracture fixation in immediate postoperative (IPO) condition and compared with metal plate by varying geometrical parameters, laminate stacking sequence and fibre orientation. To evaluate the axial stiffness and surface stress of composite plate fixation finite element (FE) analysis was done. Various parameters like axial movement, shear movement, strain and maximum stress are considered to measure the fracture stability and the healing process through FE method. The results showed that the proposed composite bone plate could be a potential candidate for replacement of metallic bone plates for periprosthetic fracture in the femur.

An enhanced characterization process for the elimination of very low level radioactive waste in particle accelerators

The elimination of very low level waste towards the French national repository requires their radiological characterization to estimate the radionuclide inventory and the associated activities within a waste package. Such characterization is performed by means of activation calculations and measurements. Two elimination projects have been identified at CERN, to dispose of bulk metallic waste and cables activated in the CERN accelerator complex. Based on the experience gained over the last 4 years, we develop a large scale elimination process to dispose of such types of activated equipment. A program for quality controls has therefore been developed through a novel software tool whose purpose is to compute the radiological data required by the repository for the acceptance of the waste as well as performing quality controls.

Suture cerclage for stabilizing the humeral shaft during shoulder arthroplasty

BackgroundIn shoulder arthroplasty, cerclage fixation techniques are used to stabilize osteotomies, fractures, and allografts. Fixation techniques including cerclage with metal and polymer cables have been described. The purpose of this study was to evaluate suture cerclage fixation of the humeral shaft during shoulder arthroplasty.Materials and methodsShoulder arthroplasty cases performed from 2012-2017 by 3 fellowship-trained shoulder arthroplasty surgeons were reviewed. Cases in which suture cerclage was used for osteotomy, fracture, or allograft fixation were identified. Demographic data, indications, implant types, fixation techniques, and complications were reviewed. Postoperative radiographs were analyzed for union, component loosening, and loss of fixation. American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons and Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation scores were collected preoperatively and postoperatively.ResultsA total of 27 patients (3 primary and 24 revision cases) with a mean age of 69.6 years (range, 28-88 years) were available for follow-up at a mean of 12.6 months (range, 0.8-42.3 months) postoperatively. Humeral osteotomy alone was performed in 15 cases. Allograft alone was used in 1 case. Both allograft and osteotomy were used in 6 cases. Complications occurred in 3 patients (11%), comprising 1 postoperative periprosthetic fracture and 2 prosthetic joint infections; all required further surgery. Radiographs at final follow-up showed healing of all osteotomies and fractures. No hardware failure or implant loosening occurred. The mean postoperative American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons and Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation scores were significantly improved (α = .05) compared with preoperative scores, from 21.4 to 44.5 (P = .002) and from 26.7 to 74.1 (P < .001), respectively.ConclusionSuture cerclage is safe and effective for humeral fixation in shoulder arthroplasty.

A new concept of automated manufacturing process for wire rope terminals

The products related to automotive industry need to be extremely competitive. The metallic wire ropes used to open doors in the vehicles are based on a braided wire rope provided with accessories. The more expensive is the vehicle, the more complex is the required final wire rope. In order to prevent the corrosion and reduce noise, the internal metallic cable can be coated with a polymer via extrusion. However, this coating needs to be removed from the extremities of the metallic cable, allowing the zamak injection of the mechanical terminals, preventing die casting defects. Nevertheless, the standard machines able to produce the mechanical terminals by die casting process were always prepared to work only with non-coated metallic cable. Customers demanding coated metallic cables impose the need to adapt the standard machines to this new reality. Thus, new systems needed to be added to the standard machine, allowing the metallic cable strip operation. Moreover, this operation needs to be added to the process but without repercussions on the cycle time. Different approaches were studied and tested in order to find the best solution. The new device was designed and produced, allowing its test in real conditions. The system based on just one blade did not show satisfactory results, being necessary the use of a system based on multiple blades. The new device, when connected to the standard machine, allows to produce wire ropes up to 2.5 meters long, striped in both sides, letting the die casting injection of the zamak terminal in one extremity, with a cycle time of 7 seconds (1000 wire ropes per hour, as they are produced in couples).

Studying the ZnO formation in coated steel wire ropes for the automotive industry

Bowden cables are abundantly applied in the automotive assembly lines leading to drive various devices, such as opening trunk or the fuel tank cap, triggering the handbrake, opening the doors, etc. The cable used in automotive metallic harness is commonly constituted of braided wire galvanized steel, which has been studied to resist the weather aggressions typically imposed by the conditions under which usually work. However, to allow this operating in a steady state way, the braided wire must have the appropriate quality. This work study the reasons of the formation of relatively abundant quantities of zinc oxide (ZnO) in metallic cables used in the automotive industry, a few weeks after their manufacture. It was concluded that there were serious shortcomings of cable cleaning between the wire forming operations and galvanizing, with deposition of ZnO enhancing elements in the interface, which would prove to be crucial to nucleation and development of ZnO on the surface. Thus, the main contribution of this work is to identify and describe the elements able to generate ZnO in coated steel wires, avoiding this phenomenon in the industry.

High‐strength steel wires containing corrosion pits: stress analysis and critical distance based fatigue life estimation

AbstractThe present paper deals with the problem of assessing the fatigue lifetime of high‐strength steel wires containing corrosion pits, with this investigation being based on a large number of experimental data selected from the technical literature. To evaluate the stress concentration phenomena characterising corroded metallic wires, according to the state‐of‐the‐art knowledge, pits were modelled either as semi‐ellipsoidal cavities or as hemispherical notches. The stress concentration factors, Kt, associated with these simplified pit geometries were calculated numerically by solving numerous three‐dimensional FE models. Subsequently, the Kt values being determined according to this standard numerical procedure were post‐processed systematically to derive simple analytical solutions suitable for estimating, in situations of engineering interest, the stress concentration factors associated with pitting corrosion. Finally, after making some assumptions to derive the necessary fatigue properties, the Theory of Critical Distances was used in the form of the Point Method and the Line Method to reanalyse the literature data being collected. This systematic validation exercise allowed us to prove that the Theory of Critical Distances is successful also in assessing the fatigue lifetime of high‐strength metallic cables containing corrosion pits, with the obtained estimates falling within an error factor of 3. Therefore, as far as wires weakened by corrosion pits are concerned, it was demonstrated that the Theory of Critical Distances can be used to post‐process the local linear‐elastic stress fields when they are not only determined numerically but also estimated by using those standard analytical solutions which are strictly valid solely for conventional notches.

Efforts in Preventing Gas Leakage Caused by Movement of Conduit-enclosed Metallic Cables in Bridge Sections

Efforts in Preventing Gas Leakage Caused by Movement of Conduit-enclosed Metallic Cables in Bridge Sections

Performance Improvement of FTTH Architecture with OCDMA Technique

In proposed simulation model, Fiber to the home (FTTH) architecture with a filter called fiber Bragg grating (FBG) based the optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) technique used to provide access to number of users to share all the bandwidth simultaneously. FTTH provides higher bandwidth than the traditional existing technology of broadband, having the capability of providing all the servixces of communication like data services, voice services and video services. The traditional metallic cables are replaced with optical fibers in Fiber to the Home to end line consumers. OCDMA provides high reliable communication. The performance improvement of FTTH architecture is done through OCDMA technique. In paper at very first, FTTH, the system with OCDMA is explained after that the architecture of FTTH using OCDMA technique, its principle explained. The proper coordination of time plays an important role in OCDMA, otherwise there is more chances of overlapping of signals and noise which may some time lead to crosstalk. There is a use of FBG as an encoder and decoder because of its low cost and the investigation is done on eye opening, BER, Q factor. The proposed model provides high Q-factor and minimum BER which is required for demands of the future communication services.

Conceptual Study on lighter and more compact transmission cable systems for Hybrid Aircrafts

More electrically driven aircrafts with electric propulsion systems are supposed to require 1-40 MW. In order to realize such heavily electrical aircrafts the development of lighter and more compact transmission cable systems is indispensable. We compared metal cables and superconducting cables, and found that DC superconducting cables are lighter and more compact than metal cables at voltages as high as ±6 kV.

On the Application of Multi-frequency Ground-Penetrating Radar Method for Mapping Underground Pipe

Ground penetrating radar (GPR) method is commonly used to map underground pipe network due to its ability to map objects on shallow area and its minimum effect to surrounding area, although the resolution and depth of interest of mapping really depend on the antenna’s frequency. To improve the resolution of object that is going to be detected, more than one antenna frequencies are used in a measurement in the same line and multiple-frequency compositing is performed to combine those radargrams to simplify the analysis. This research will use and compare three compositing methods ability, i.e. simple summation, comparison of average radargram amplitude spectrum of each radargram, and least-square weighting according to Berlage wavelet analysis - called also Optimal Spectral Whitening (OSW), to map a big pipe with metal casing that surrounded with some metal cables from 200 MHz and 400 MHz radargram datasets. Comparisons of those three methods mentioned above were performed through the analysis of each radargram and sample trace analysis on some positions to show the ability of each method in separating boundary of each medium. The analysis showed that multiple-frequency compositing was able to improve resolution for showing underground condition, with OSW method had better ability compared to other methods.

Investigation on Current Reduction Effects of Baluns for Measurement of a Small Antenna

When connected to a small antenna that is undergoing testing, metal cables, such as coaxial cables, sometimes cause significant errors. This effect can be large when the antenna and ground plane are small and asymmetric. A balun is proposed for use in antenna measurement to reduce the influence of measurement cables. Baluns were originally utilized for a transformer set between unbalanced and balanced lines to feed a balanced antenna, such as a dipole antenna. Many types of baluns are used to transform unbalanced lines into balanced lines, and vice versa. However, when it comes to the utilization of baluns for antenna measurement, it is not clear whether all types of baluns can reduce the influence of the measurement cable. In this paper, baluns are sorted into two groups with regard to their effect on the reduction in unbalanced current when measuring a small antenna. Furthermore, the effect of a balun on improving the accuracy of impedance and radiation pattern measurements is also investigated.

Autonomous sensor of electromagnetic field

The design of a uniaxial electromagnetic field sensor for measuring the antenna far field within its region of higher signal strength is described. The sensor is autonomous; i.e., it is powered by the measured field; therefore, no external power supply is necessary. After accumulating a sufficient amount of energy, the sensor runs a single measurement and sends the result through an optic fiber, or the result can be stored in nonvolatile memory. The sensor does not require any metallic cable for delivering energy; therefore, the measured field distribution is not influenced by it and the data transfer from the sensor is also not influenced by any induced noise voltage.

Performance evaluation of novel wet vibrational precipitator

ABSTRACT This study reports the development, construction, and initial testing of a novel vibrational precipitator (VP), patented at Ohio University in 2016, that uses vibrating metal cables with water running over them to capture particulate matter in an exhaust stream. Unlike traditional electrostatic precipitators relying on electric energy to capture particles, this new system uses the concept of vortex shedding to produce vibrations in vertical cables running perpendicular to an exhaust stream. Collisions between particles in the exhaust stream and these vibrating cables cause the particles to land onto a thin film of flowing water around the cables, which carries the particles downward for collection and removal. Initial tests with air containing particulates of 3 micron average particle size show capture efficiencies up to 54% using U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Method 5 to measure the particulate concentrations at the upstream and downstream of a VP comprising 8 cells. These results show that this system, without consuming any electric energy, has a significant potential to be a simple and cost-effective way to treat particle-laden exhaust gases. Implications: In this work, for the first time, a novel precipitator is investigated that captures particles without using any particle charging and (hence) any electricity. The capture mechanism is governed by vibrations of collection electrodes, which are vertical steel cables wetted through continuous flow of water. Without any discharge electrodes, electrode suspension mechanism, and ability of the system to be installed in existing ducts, the novel precipitator becomes a simple chamber housing containing multiple collection electrode cells. The preliminary results show that this new technology can achieve net particulate matter capture efficiency of 54%. This paves a pathway forward for reducing capital and operating cost of air pollution control systems.

Voltages and AC Corrosion on Metallic Tubes in Umbilical Cables Caused by Magnetic Induction From Power Cable Charging Currents

Offshore umbilical cables often include both power cables and elements such as metallic tubes and signal cables. It was concluded from a recent failure of stainless tubes that ac corrosion was the cause of the failure. This paper describes how ac corrosion can lead to tube failure when a puncture exists in the insulating tube coating. The variation in power cable charging currents along the umbilical cable causes a nonzero voltage to exist in the tubes, even though they are grounded at both ends. If the current density associated with the puncture current is sufficiently high, ac corrosion will result. The current density is calculated as a function of the cable length and the variable speed drive operating frequency for three alternative power cable designs. Comparison with measured corrosion rates shows that ac corrosion can corrode a hole in the tube in weeks or months, depending on the cable design and length, and also on the electrical operating conditions. Analytical expressions and numerical procedures are presented, which can be used to determine whether a given umbilical cable installation involves the risk of ac corrosion. It is also shown that substantial heating effects in the puncture area can result in case of excessive harmonics in the supply voltage.

TOWARDS GHZ METALLIC ACCESS NETWORKS

The transmission capacity and speed of access networks need to be continually increased as the transmission demands and data flows of the end-users grow steadily. Metallic cables and lines are still often used in both local area networks as well as access networks. Today, the G.fast lines with transmission speed of 1 Gbps working in 212 MHz frequency band are being deployed in practice, and a novel XG.fast conception with a frequency band up to 424 MHz is being developed. However, the future DSL solutions will soon reach GHz transmission bands in order to increase the transmission speed over metallic lines. Due to that it is necessary to investigate the behaviour and transmission characteristics of typical existing metallic lines in GHz frequency band and to develop accurate models to provide necessary estimations and modelling of in order to optimize transmission parameters, modulations and characteristics of future gigabit DSL solutions.

Novel synchronous sampling scheme based on oversampling for a process bus system

In recent years, the possibility of applying process bus technology in accordance with IEC 61850 and IEC 61869 standards for protection relay systems has been investigated as a method of reducing the bulk of metallic cables in the substation environment and to support the digital transformation of power grid field data. Conventional process bus system sampling synchronization is enabled using dedicated devices for synchronization control, and hence the system is highly dependent upon the dedicated devices, which causes challenges in the durability, reliability, and cost aspects. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a new configuration method for the process bus using a synchronous sampling scheme based upon oversampling and high‐speed publishing rate of the sampled value frame. Subsequently, we discuss the validity and efficacy of the proposed method. Moreover, we present the interoperability test results using prototype stand‐alone merging units and intelligent electric devices from three vendors. © 2019 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.

On the Performance of Grounding, Bonding, and Shielding Systems for Direct and Indirect Lightning Strikes

A full-wave solution method of Maxwell's equations is adopted for the analysis of the performance of grounding, bonding, and shielding systems of a metallic enclosure subjected to direct and indirect lightning strikes. The method is based on a numerical solution of the electric field integral equation by the method of moments. An array of conducting wires and metallic surfaces is used to represent the lightning channel and structures in its proximity. An improved antenna theory model approach based on the concept of the distributed source is adopted for the electromagnetic analysis of indirect lightning. The methodology enables an efficient electromagnetic compatibility analysis of a combined network of metallic plates, wires, and cables exposed to direct and indirect lightning strikes. The effectiveness of most common protective schemes—namely grounding, shielding, and bonding—is examined for cables located inside a metallic enclosure with apertures. A safety assessment analysis is performed for the case of indirect lightning and is compared to the case where the lightning current is injected directly into the top of the enclosure.

Significantly Robust Data Transmission by Ballpoint-Pen Interconnect for Graded-Index Plastic Optical Fiber

We have developed a novel optical interconnect for graded-index plastic optical fibers based on the use of ballpoint-pen connectors, where ball lenses are precisely mounted on fiber end faces by a simple and low-cost ballpoint-pen production technology. This report demonstrates that the ballpoint-pen interconnect allows us for significantly robust data transmission with sufficient misalignment tolerance and mating durability for consumer applications, where very short optical fibers are frequently connected and disconnected to the consumer electronics in a manner similar to metal cables. In the ballpoint-pen interconnect, power penalties are barely affected even by misalignments with a lateral offset of 50 μm or a connector separation of 1.0 mm, allowing for optical fiber connections without the requirements of precise alignment or high manufacturing accuracy. Moreover, it is suggested that modal noises due to dusts and scratches on fiber end-faces are generated for conventional butt-coupling based on physical contact in applications that require frequent connection and disconnection of optical fibers. This modal noise generation can be prevented using nonphysical contacts with the ballpoint-pen connectors. We achieve high-speed data transmission that is barely influenced by 2500 mating cycles. These results suggest that the ballpoint-pen interconnect allows us for consumer-friendly optical fiber connections without the requirement of any cleanings in a manner similar to electrical interconnect.