Metal Buttons Research Articles

Dermatite do body: breve relato de dois casos e um alerta aos pediatras

Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) in the pediatric age group is an increasingly recognized condition, due to early exposure to different contactants. Bodysuit dermatitis refers to ACD caused by nickel, released from metal buttons present in childrens bodysuits. This case report addresses two similar cases, with the aim of alerting pediatricians and caregivers regarding early awareness and correct diagnosis.

INGENIOUS NOMADIC EXPRESSIONS: DECODING THE SEMIOTICS OF LAMBANI EMBROIDERY

The visual language and narrative of a traditional embroidery is par excellence . It carries with it folklores which have transcended from generation to generation with its exquisiteness. One such embroidery is of the Lambanis or the Banjaras, also referred to as the Indian Gypsies. Their embroidery connotes a semiotic system for communicating and interpreting various colours, patterns, stitches, surface embellishments and it has within it a hidden language that is made up of a collection of cultural symbols that communicate on various social and psychological levels.Embroidery is a complete language connoting a semiotic system for communicating and interpreting various colours, patterns, stitches, surface embellishments. The Lambanis have inherited a rich folk tradition of embroidery with exquisite patterns and a voluminous stitch vocabulary. The surface additives added to their embroidery incorporate myriad elements like the mirror(shisha), shells(cowries), beads, applique work, rustic coins, and metal buttons. The exceptional and meticulous utilization of these create a story par excellence. The surface additives utilized in the Lambani culture connotes various aspects of their culture and though used as an extra element along with the embroidery their function is beyond ornamentation and carry several meanings.This paper is an attempt by the researcher to understand, interpret and decode the reasons behind incorporating these surface additives in the embroidery to finally create a masterpiece. The paper also extrapolates on the researcher’s travel experiences to various pockets of India where the Lambanis have settled and her inferences of their embroidery in terms of the embellishments, stiches, patterns, and finesse.

Distal Fixation of Meniscal Root Repair by Transtibial Pullout Technique via Transtibial Tubercle Fixation Without Hardware

The meniscal roots are critical in maintaining the normal shock-absorbing function of the meniscus. If a meniscal root tear is left untreated, meniscal extrusion can occur, rendering the meniscus nonfunctional, resulting in degenerative arthritis. Preservation of meniscal tissue with restoration of meniscal continuity is becoming the standard for meniscal root pathology. Not all patients are candidates for root repair; however, repair is indicated in active patients after acute or chronic injury with no significant osteoarthritis and malalignment. Two main repair techniques have been described: suture anchor (direct fixation) and transtibial pullout (indirect fixation). The most common root repair technique is a transtibial technique. In this technique, sutures are placed into the torn meniscal root and then shuttled down through the tunnel in the tibia to tie the repair distally. The option adopted in our technique is to fix the meniscal root distally by wrapping threads of FiberTape (Arthrex) around the tibial tubercle through a transverse tunnel posterior to the tibial tubercle with buried knots inside the transverse tunnel without the use of metal buttons or anchors. This technique provides secure tension for repair without loosening of knots and tension that occur when using metal buttons and avoiding irritation caused by metal buttons and knots in patients.

Bond strength of orthodontic buttons on clear aligner materials

ABSTRACT Purpose To evaluate the shear bond strength of orthodontic buttons bonded on various clear aligner materials using orthodontic plastic adhesive. Materials and methods Three types of thermoplastic materials: 1) Duran (Polyethylene terephthalate glycol), 2) Essix A+ (Polyethylene terephthalate glycol), and 3) Zendura (Polyurethane) were bonded with either metal or plastic buttons using orthodontic plastic adhesive (Bond aligner®). Six experimental groups with 15 specimens per group were prepared. Bond strength testing was done according to the Lap Shear Test Method (ASTM D3163) using the universal testing machine. Bond failure mode (modified from ASTM D5573) was examined with a stereoscope. Kruskal-Wallis and post hoc tests were used to analyse the differences in shear bond strength among the six groups. Results Mean bond strengths were as follows: 1) Duran-metal (DM) (7.04 MPa); 2) Duran-plastic (DP) (5.37 MPa); 3) Essix-metal (EM) (5.55 MPa); 4) Essix-plastic (EP) (4.62 MPa); 5) Zendura-metal (ZM) (1.17 MPa); and 6) Zendura-plastic (ZP) (1.40 MPa). Shear bond strength among the three thermoplastic materials were significantly different (p < .05). For the bond failure mode, regardless of button type, Duran and Essix A+ showed substrate failure of the thermoplastic sheet, while Zendura showed adhesive failure at the thermoplastic sheet interface. Conclusion Orthodontic buttons bonded on Duran and Essix A+ using orthodontic plastic adhesive could achieve very high bond strength that the thermoplastic sheets would tear before button detachment occurred. Buttons bonded to Zendura resulted in significantly greater bond failure rates.

Gas-solid reaction pathway for chlorination of rare earth and actinide metals using hydrogen and chlorine gas

Hydriding and chlorination of buttons of metallic cerium have been tested as a head-end step to separating metal impurities from actinides. The objective was to achieve complete conversion to chlorides while maintaining high surface area via small particles and open porosity. Hydriding by reaction with 100% H2 gas at 573 K was successful at reducing cm-scale metal buttons into small particles/fragments. This step was followed by reaction with flowing 99.5% anhydrous Cl2 gas at temperatures ranging from 423 to 573 K for 60 min. In experiments reported here, up to 92% conversion to cerium chloride was achieved from reacting with the anhydrous chlorine gas. The final chloride product has high porosity coupled with small particle sizes (microns to 1600 μm), which makes it suitable for subsequent purification processes. Higher chlorine concentrations in the gas favor higher conversion to chloride. The optimal temperature to achieve high chlorination is 523 K. Oxygen is a minor impurity in the chlorine gas which appears to prevent complete chlorination from being achieved.

Wearing History

Housed in a mobile library and archive, Viola Johnson’s pin sash—a leather garment onto which hundreds of metal pins and buttons have been affixed—spotlights the terms of her expansive leathersexuality. Such a sexuality, for Johnson, is predicated on a notion of service that primarily manifests in the constant upkeep, revising, archiving, and presenting of leather history, primarily through the display and interpretation of her sash and library. After detailing the genesis and social milieu of the Carter/Johnson Leather Library and the significance of pins and buttons in leatherwear more generally, this article focuses on a button reading “The L.A.P.D. FREED the Slaves April 10, 1976.” Initially made to protest the raid of a mock slave auction at the Mark IV bathhouse in Los Angeles, the button underscores the dyadic yet fungible terms of freedom and enslavement, and thus the relationships between sexual power play and non-consensual state violence.

Cadaveric Biomechanical Analysis of 3 Lateral Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstructions.

To biomechanically assess the angular stability provided by 3 techniques for reconstruction of the lateral ulnar collateral ligament. Eight cadaveric elbows were tested with the lateral collateral ligament complex intact, disrupted from the origin at the lateral epicondyle, and reconstructed with 3 different techniques using ulnar bone tunnels: a suture "lasso" or palmaris longus tendon "lasso" both docked with a metal button at the origin, and a doubled-over palmaris longus tendon docked with metal buttons at both the origin and ulnar insertion. Elbows were tested with a physiologic elbow simulator, and varus angular position was quantified with an optical tracking system. Statistical analysis was performed using a repeated measures analysis of variance test to determine whether significance existed, and a Tukey post hoc analysis to compare statistical difference between native, disrupted, and repair states. There was a statistically significant difference between all repairs and the disrupted state (P < 0.05). The varus angulation after the repairs showed that the suture reconstruction was closest to the native case. The tendon reconstructions were similar to each other but less similar to the native elbow. Quantitatively, the suture reconstruction was within an average of 0.86 degrees of the native elbow throughout range of motion. A suture reconstruction was most similar to a native elbow, but both tendon reconstructions significantly improved angular stability under varus gravitational loads.

The use of TightRope fixation for ankle syndesmosis injuries: our experience.

Ten percentage of all ankle fractures sustain an associated syndesmotic injury. TightRope is a relatively new technique for syndesmosis fixation, characterized by a non-absorbable FibreWire held tight between two cortical metal buttons. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results obtained with the use of this device. From January 2011 to December 2015, 54 patients with ankle diastases were treated. Eighteen patients were excluded from the study. Fractures of the fibula or tibia requiring fixation were internally fixed using standard AO techniques. Preoperative and the most recent postoperative ankle radiographs were reassessed for measurements of the tibiofibular clear space (TFCS), medial clear space (MCS) and tibiofibular overlap (TFO). Clinical outcomes were assessed at the time of follow-up using the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, a self-administered Foot and Ankle Disability Index (FADI) score and patients satisfaction. The mean follow-up was 28, 64months. Mean values for MCS, TFCS and TFO were 1.51-1.53 and 0.25cm, respectively. The mean AOFAS score was 93.11, and the mean FADI score was 130.11. Twenty-nine (80.6%) patients reported their outcome as excellent or very good. TightRope technique can achieve flexible fixation of the syndesmosis and permit full range of motion of the tibiofibular joint. Patients can start rehabilitation exercise at an early stage after operation. The results of this study indicate that TightRope fixation is a valid option for syndesmotic injuries.

The Joe M. Smith Collection from the Roseborough Lake Site (41BW5), Bowie County, Texas

The Joe M. Smith collection is held by the Texas Archeological Research Laboratory at The University of Texas at Austin. It appears to have been given by Mr. Smith to A. T. Jackson in the early 1930s, around the time of The University of Texas excavations at the nearby Eli Moores site (41BW2). The collection is said to have come from the Rochelle Plantation, which is an earlier name for the Roseborough Lake site (41BW5). The Roseborough Lake site is on an old meander of the Red River “that was cut off in 1872 and named Roseborough Lake." It lies a few miles west of other important Caddo sites, a few miles west of Texarkana in Bowie County. The Roseborough Lake site is a large historic Caddo village occupied from the 17th century until the late 18th century, with habitation features and cemeteries. It also is the location of a Nassonite post established by the French in the 1720s, known by the Spanish as San Luis de Cadohadacho. Investigations at the Roseborough Lake site by Miroir and Gilmore recovered Historic Caddo ceramics, mainly shell-tempered, of the types Emory Punctated-Incised, McKinney Plain, Keno Trailed, Simms Engraved, Natchitoches Engraved, Womack Engraved, and Avery Engraved, along with brushed, incised, punctated, and red-slipped body sherds and clay figurines and pipes. The chipped stone tool assemblage included Fresno and Maud arrow points, drills, large knives, many end/side scrapers, as well as a diorite celt. European trade goods are particularly abundant at the Roseborough Lake site, and they include iron axes and scrapers, iron bridle bits and knives, iron strike-a-lights, scissors, iron kettle pieces, pendants, many flintlock gun parts, gunflints, lead balls, brass rings, tinklers, bells, and rivets, brass and iron arrow points, metal buttons, green wine bottle glass and mirror glass, faience, majolica, and delft ceramics, along with many glass beads (n=2958) and shell beads (n=18). Substantial samples of animal bones are also present in the archaeological deposits at the site, along with carbonized maize cob fragments.

Visual Diagnosis: 13-Year-Old Girl With Pink Papules

1. Meghan M. Dickman, MD 2. Ilona J. Frieden, MD 1. University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA. A 13-year-old girl presents to the clinic with pink papules on her abdomen, legs, arms, and the lateral aspects of her cheeks. The lesions have been present for 4 years, always appearing in the same area, with satellite lesions surrounding the primary site. The rash blanches on palpation. The papules are primarily located on her abdomen and become more prominent and pruritic with sun exposure. The rash is most noticeable in the periumbilical region, where the patient’s metal pants button comes in contact with her skin. The papules are accompanied by pruritus for which she gets mild relief by taking oral antihistamines and applying topical corticosteroids. However, she has been unable to completely get rid of the rash with this regimen. The patient has an unremarkable medical history and is developing appropriately. There are no similar skin lesions on any close contacts. On physical examination, the patient has multiple pink papules on the bilateral aspects of her cheeks, upper arms, elbows, knees, and lower legs (Fig 1). All vital signs are within normal limits. There are papules that have coalesced into plaques surrounding her umbilicus (Fig 2), with lichenification. There is evidence of excoriation, without any ulcerations or bleeding. The remainder of the physical examination findings are unremarkable. Figure 1. Multiple papules were noted on the arms (left) and legs (right) of the patient. Figure 2. The initial location …

Management of Grade III acromioclavicular joint dislocation using arthroscopic tight rope fixation

The treatment of Grade III acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) dislocations has been a subject of much controversy, even as early as Hippocrates. We hypothesized that this surgical technique would improve patient functional outcome. Methods and Results We present a case series of 17 patients all of whom have had grade III dislocations of the ACJ. The patient population was young active adults. Surgery was performed within four weeks in all cases. One Surgeon in the Queen Elizabeth hospital, University of Birmingham, performed the same procedure on all 17 patients. A standard technique was used for tight rope fixation. The fixation device is comprised of no. 5 fibrewire suture and 2 metal buttons, joined by a continuous loop. This is a low-profile double-metallic button technique. Postoperatively all patients remained in a polysling for three weeks and postoperative rehabilitation was commenced after that point including physiotherapy supervised pendular exercises and gentle passive movements. They were all seen six weeks and three months post operatively. Clinical and radiographic assessment was performed to assess the fixation. Of our cohort of patients, one required revision open stabilization after sustaining a mechanical fall on the affected operated side. There was a failure of fixation in a patient who was non-compliant with postoperative instructions. At three months postoperatively all patients were satisfied with the functional outcome and were able to return to pre injury level of activity. Bar the two failures the average OSS was 45.2 (range 40–48). 14 patients returned to their pre injury occupation and sports fitness. Conclusion This technique provides a simple, reproducible, minimally invasive technique for acute ACJ dislocation, which expedites a functional recovery of this acute injury. It is a non-rigid fixation of the AC joint that maintains reduction yet allowing for normal movement at the joint.

Validity of self‐reported nickel allergy

To estimate the prevalence of nickel allergy, self-reports are sometimes used in epidemiological studies. Self-reports are practical and may facilitate estimation of prevalence provided that the questions are validated. To investigate the validity of self-reported nickel allergy. Three hundred and sixty-nine women, aged 30-40 years, from the general population participated in the study. The participants answered a questionnaire before a clinical examination and patch testing. The two questions being validated were 'Are you sensitive/hypersensitive/allergic to nickel?' and 'Do you get a rash from metal buttons, jewellery or other metal items that come in direct contact with your skin?' Patch test showed nickel-positive reaction in 30% of the subjects. Self-reported prevalence of nickel allergy as indicated by the two respective questions was 40% and 35%. Positive predictive values for the two questions were 59% (95% CI 50-67) and 60% (95% CI 51-69). History of childhood eczema was over-represented among women with 'false-positive' self-reported nickel allergy (P = 0.008). Self-reported hand eczema or 'high wet exposure' did not influence the validity. The validity of self-reported nickel allergy is low. The questions regarding nickel allergy overestimate the true prevalence of nickel allergy.

Corrosion and elution of harmful metals from metal buttons

Metals present in metal items may due to the corrosion processes that occur in sweat cause adverse health effects, such as allergic reactions, on direct and prolonged contact with the skin. For example, 20% of female population and about 6% of male population are allergic to nickel. Therefore, three different textile accessories were tested for metal leaching: the samples were kept at 30 °C in the artificial sweat solution for different time periods and quantified. The results have shown that the limits prescribed by international standards were much exceeded. Samples of such properties present a high risk for human health and should be used with special attention.

Liquid Metal Extraction for Removal of Molybdenum from Molten Glass Containing Simulated Nuclear Waste Elements

Laboratory-scale experiments for removing Mo and MoO3 from molten borosilicate glass were performed using liquid Cu as an extractant. Removal of Mo from the simulated HLW glass containing oxides of Nd, Fe, Zr, Mo, Sn, Ni, Sr, Cd, Ru, and Se was also performed, and the fractions of these elements transferred into Cu were examined. Mixtures of Cu anda ternary SiO2-B2O3-Na2O glass containing metallic Mo or MoO3 were heated in an alumina crucible at 1,673K in an Ar environment. The amounts of Mo and MoO3 added to 10 g of the ternary glass were fixed at 0.1 and 0.15 g, respectively. As for the glass containing metallic Mo, more than 90% of Mo was extracted into liquid Cu. Spherical Cu metal buttons containing Mo formed on the bottom of the crucible when Cu was added at more than 10 times that of Mo on a mass basis. Removal of Mo from the glass containing MoO3 was also achieved by the addition of Si as a reducing agent for the reduction from MoO3 to Mo. The fraction of Mo extracted into liquid Cu depended on the molar ratio of Si to Cu added to the glass. The fraction increased up to 84% with an increase in the molar ratio of Si/Cu. However, the excess addition of Si may enhance the chemical interaction between the metal phase and the glass phase, and some of the metal phase containing Mo remained in the glass phase without forming a metal button. The optimum molar ratio of Si/Cu that produces the highest removal fraction was found to be approximately 0.5. Almost the same removal fraction of 88% was obtained from the simulated HLW glass under the condition of Si/Cu = 0.5. Nearly 100% of Ru was extracted into Cu with Mo, while Sr, Zr, and Nd were hardly extracted and remained in the glass.

Liquid Metal Extraction for Removal of Molybdenum from Molten Glass Containing Simulated Nuclear Waste Elements

Laboratory-scale experiments for removing Mo and MoO3 from molten borosilicate glass were performed using liquid Cu as an extractant. Removal of Mo from the simulated HLW glass containing oxides of Nd, Fe, Zr, Mo, Sn, Ni, Sr, Cd, Ru, and Se was also performed, and the fractions of these elements transferred into Cu were examined. Mixtures of Cu anda ternary SiO2-B2O3-Na2O glass containing metallic Mo or MoO3 were heated in an alumina crucible at 1,673K in an Ar environment. The amounts of Mo and MoO3 added to 10 g of the ternary glass were fixed at 0.1 and 0.15 g, respectively. As for the glass containing metallic Mo, more than 90% of Mo was extracted into liquid Cu. Spherical Cu metal buttons containing Mo formed on the bottom of the crucible when Cu was added at more than 10 times that of Mo on a mass basis. Removal of Mo from the glass containing MoO3 was also achieved by the addition of Si as a reducing agent for the reduction from MoO3 to Mo. The fraction of Mo extracted into liquid Cu depended on the molar ratio of Si to Cu added to the glass. The fraction increased up to 84% with an increase in the molar ratio of Si/Cu. However, the excess addition of Si may enhance the chemical interaction between the metal phase and the glass phase, and some of the metal phase containing Mo remained in the glass phase without forming a metal button. The optimum molar ratio of Si/Cu that produces the highest removal fraction was found to be approximately 0.5. Almost the same removal fraction of 88% was obtained from the simulated HLW glass under the condition of Si/Cu = 0.5. Nearly 100% of Ru was extracted into Cu with Mo, while Sr, Zr, and Nd were hardly extracted and remained in the glass.

Influence of the Size of Collecting Metal on Removal of Platinum Group Metals from Molten Glass

Removal of Pd, Ru and RuO2 from molten glass was studied using liquid Cu as the collecting metal. To increase the collision frequency between Cu and these platinum group metals (PGMs), copper-ruby glass containing Cu nanoparticles was used for the removal. The glass was prepared by the reduction of CuO dissolved in glass using Si as the reductant. Existence of the Cu nanoparticles was conformed by a measurement of the absorption peak of surface plasmon resonance at 595 nm. Another glass containing Cu particles of around 30 μm was prepared as a control specimen. By a heating of the two glasses with PGMs at 1473 K, separable metal buttons formed in both glasses. Metallic Pd and Ru were collected more than 90% in either metal buttons. There was no significant difference between the two glasses for the removal of metals. On the other hand, RuO2, which was reduced to metallic Ru by Cu, was collected 83% for the ruby glass, while not more than 52% for the control glass. The use of copper-ruby glass was effective for the removal of the oxide. The results of a leaching test of the glasses indicated that dispersing smaller Cu particles in glass had an effect to decrease the leaching rate of Cu from the glass into nitric acid.

Blue-Jean Button Nickel: Prevalence and Prevention of Its Release from Buttons

Nickel is a common cause of allergic contact dermatitis and is associated with metal buttons and snaps on blue jeans. To determine the prevalence of nickel-positive metal buttons on blue jeans and the efficacy of nail polish in the prevention of nickel release. We collected 62 pairs of new and preworn blue jeans. The metal buttons were tested for nickel with a dimethylglyoxime test kit, and one coat of clear nail polish was applied to nickel-positive buttons. Painted buttons were dried for 24 hours, and the jeans were washed on delicate cycle and retested for nickel. The jeans underwent a second wash/dry cycle and were retested. The prevalence of nickel-positive metal buttons on blue jeans was 16%. Ten pairs of jeans tested positive for nickel. All 10 pairs tested negative for nickel after the application of one coat of clear nail polish. Of these 10 pairs, seven pairs underwent two wash/dry cycles, and all seven tested negative for nickel after each cycle. The presence of nickel-positive blue-jean buttons is greater in new jeans than in preworn jeans. One clear coat of nail polish can prevent nickel release through two wash/dry cycles in a test environment.

Nickel-elicited systemic contact dermatitis.

20 patients with systemic contact dermatitis due to nickel are described. Of these patients, 15 were female and 5 were male. Their mean age was 24.8 years (16-51 years). All had experienced contact dermatitis in the umbilical area due to continual contact with metal belt-buckles or buttons. Then, with long- or short-term aggravation of such periumbilical dermatitis, commonly in summer, lesions spread to other sites such as the side of the neck, the flexures of the extremities, etc. All patients showed a positive patch test to nickel sulphate (2.5% in petrolatum) and the dimethylglyoxime test demonstrated the presence of free nickel on metal buttons or belt-buckles. Punch biopsies performed in 7 patients showed subacute dermatitis. After avoidance of continual exposure to objects containing nickel and foods rich in nickel, as well as treatment with oral antihistamines and topical corticosteroids, all patients improved or cleared. It has been reported that nickel can cause systemic contact dermatitis by some internal systemic route, such as oral intake, transfusion, inhalation, implantation of metal medical devices, etc. In our patients, we found that continual local skin contact could also elicit systemic contact dermatitis.

Blue jean button dermatitis

A 7-year-old girl was seen because of a 2-month history of an expanding patch of pruritus and scaling just below her umbilicus (figure 1). The patient also complained of a generalized rash on her arms and legs that had been present for 10 days. Physical examination revealed a 5-cm scaling, excoriated, and lichenified papulovesicular rash on her abdomen inferior to her umbilicus. A fine papular rash was seen on her arms and legs. The patient often wore fly jeans in which the rivet behind the top metal button contacted her skin at the site of the abdominal rash. She had previously experienced a rash on both earlobes after wearing costume earrings. A presumptive diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis from exposure to nickel was made. A patch test using nickel sulfate in petroleum elicited a strong papulovesicular reaction and confirmed the diagnosis. A dimethyl-glyoxime test of the rivet of her blue jeans was positive for nickel. The rivet and metal buttons were replaced with plastic buttons, and triamcinolone acetonide 0.1% cream was applied twice daily. The condition promptly resolved and has not recurred.

Bone bobbins and metal buttons

Bone bobbins and metal buttons sound like the contents of a sewing basket rather than a surgeon's kit. But bobbins and buttons have all been tried as solutions to the surgeon's dilemma of how best to make anastomoses in the gastrointestinal tract. The problem of getting secure anastomosis without stenosis has been known for centuries. Medieval writers advocated using the trachea of a goose to keep the gut lumen open, secured by four interrupted sutures. Later, cylinders of fish glue, cardboard tubes smeared with sweet oil and turpentine, solid rods of tallow, metal rings, and tubes of elder wood were all tried.