Metal Belt Research Articles

Tectonic evolution of the Circum-Moesian orocline of the Carpatho-Balkanides: Paleomagnetic constraints

The areas of the present study in eastern Serbia, the Danubicum and the Timok Magmatic Complex (TMC, part of the Geticum) are situated between the Vardar Zone and Moesia. The first is Moesia derived and thrust over the Geticum during the latest Cretaceous, the second represents the central segment of the subduction related Apuseni-Banat-Timok-Srednogorie (ABTS) metallogenic belt. The new results, based on 18 geographically distributed sampling points (228 field oriented drill cores) imply large CW vertical axis rotations for the Upper Jurassic (Lower Cretaceous) carbonates of the Danubicum and a moderate one for the Upper Cretaceous igneous and sedimentary rocks from the TMC. These, together with earlier published paleomagnetic data provide kinematic constraints to test the circum-Moesian backarc-convex orocline model. The strike test plot clearly documents that it is a progressive arc. The starting situation at the time of the volcanic activity in the metallic belt (90–70 Ma) must have been a generally E-W oriented S segment, continuing in NNW-SSE oriented ABT segments. The present geometry of the circum-Moesian belt, in the context of Miocene paleomagnetic results from the Vardar Zone and the Apuseni Mts, is interpreted as the result of two main tectonic processes. The first is an about 30° vertical axis CW rotation which took place in coordination with the Vardar Zone (20–17 Ma). The second is an additional 40–65° CW rotation (17–15 Ma) involving also the Danubicum, due to the subduction pull of the E Carpathians in combination with the corner effect of Moesia.

Effect of rubber properties on the performance of Visco-Hyperelastic Damper (VHD)

Visco-Hyperelastic Damper (VHD) is a combination of a viscoelastic (VE) material sandwiched between two metal belt rings. This VE material as the main part has a high impact on the damper performance. The rubber can induce acceptable performance of the damper in energy dissipation, even at very low levels of seismic excitations. Also, changing the dimensions or material of the rubber can change the performance of the damper according to the required behavior in the structure and can also provide the desired balance between stiffness and damping, which is one of the major problems of passive energy dissipation devices. Also, the large dimensions of the VE material can increase the efficiency of this material in the damper. Therefore, in this study, the effect of rubber on the performance of VHD is investigated using the FEM ABAQUS software, in three ways. First, the effect of rubber at different levels of excitation is investigated, second, the impact of adding rubber is assessed, and finally, the effect of the type of rubber on the overall behavior of the damper is studied. The high effect of VE material on damper behavior is shown in the results, where the rubber part in the general shape of the VHD dissipates up to more than 90 % of the input energy at low levels of excitation. Besides, the change of the type of rubber material has a great impact on the performance of the damper up to 600 % as well as its behavioral form.

Impact of different calendering strategies on barrier coating pickup

Paper was pre-calendered in a pilot scale configuration with a traditional soft nip calender and a metal belt calender. All calendering strategies reduced surface roughness and permeability of the samples, but different strategies affected the surface roughness and permeability differently. The metal belt calender seemed to have a larger effect on the large-scale variations compared to the soft nip calender. Six test points from the pilot calendered papers were chosen for laboratory coating studies. Uncalendered paper was included as reference samples. The calendered samples and the reference were pre-coated with a regular pigmented coating consisting of a ground calcium carbonate (GCC) pigment and a styrene acrylate (SA) latex. Both uncoated and pre-coated substrates were barrier coated with a polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) in one and two layers. The coating pickup was determined gravimetrically, and the barrier properties were evaluated with TAPPI Standard Test Method T 454 grease resistance test. All samples needed two PVOH coating layers to form a grease barrier. The uncalendered sheets showed the best results with one coating layer, but this was at the expense of a higher coating pickup compared to the calendered sheets. The barrier coating pickup could be reduced by a combination of high temperature metal belt calendering and pre-coating. The high temperature and long residence time in the nip enabled plasticization of the fibers. This led to an irreversible deformation, even after water application. This meant that the smoothness obtained during calendering would be less affected by water-induced roughening during the coating operation.

吉林省 和龍市 渤海 北大古墳群 考察

The Beida Ancient Tombs, situated in Baijazi, Helong, Jilin Province, is on the northern bank of the Hailan River, approximately 5 km southwest of Xigucheng. The tombs primarily exhibit a lateral crypt (vaulted) burial style with stone chambers and enclosures. However, some instances of stone-walled earthen mounds have been identified.
 The interred individuals were either buried in wooden coffins or directly into a platform. While there is evidence of structures for placing a coffin, commonly, the natural ground surface was utilized without alteration. Meanwhile, within individual tombs, additional burials took place over a long period. It is noteworthy that individuals were laid to rest in different ways. While artifact excavation was not abundant due to simple funerals, the central chronological period has been ascertained to span from the pre-8th century to the mid of that century through cross-dating methods involving Chinese ceramics, bronze mirrors, and Tang-style metal belts.
 The Beida Ancient Tombs are predominantly stone-built and the prevalence of excavated foreign artifacts is the highest among the Balhae tombs. In particular, given its symmetrical alignment with the Longtoushan graveyard, particularly centered around Xigucheng, the construction of the Beida Ancient Tombs was influenced by the funerary grounds of officials closely connected to the central capital of Balhae Jungkyung hyundeokbu.

Exploring density and strength variations in asteroid 16 Psyche’s composition with 3D hydrocode modeling of its deepest impact structure

Asteroid 16 Psyche is the largest metallic Main Belt Asteroid and is the subject of a forthcoming NASA mission. The composition of Psyche is still unknown and subject of recent debate. In particular, how much porosity is within Psyche, along with how much of Psyche consists of non-metallic versus metallic materials, are central questions to the issue of Psyche’s composition. If Psyche is indeed predominantly composed of metallic materials, it would need to have considerable porosity (∼ 30%–50%) for a composition consistent with its expected bulk density (∼ 3.7–4.1 g/cm3). In this work, we vary the density and strength of Psyche by including uniform and layered fields of pseudo-microporosity, in addition to investigating the presence of macroscopic voids, i.e., spaces larger than the size of the simulation’s mesh cells, in rubble-pile configurations. All configurations result in bulk densities within the uncertainties of measured values, however the strength of Psyche and the distribution of pseudo-pores are varied. Through 3D computational models of Psyche’s deepest impact structure, we show that Psyche’s composition is unlikely to contain only pseudo-microporosity. Rather, rubble pile structures, which include macroscopic voids, are shown to match the crater’s measured aspect ratio better than simulations of structures that included only pseudo-microporosity.

Classification of Threat and Nonthreat Objects Using the Magnetic Polarizability Tensor and a Large-Scale Multicoil Array

This article describes the development of a large-scale multicoil arrangement capable of characterizing the magnetic polarizability tensor (MPT) of large threat objects such as firearms. The system has been applied to the measurement of a comprehensive range of weapons made available by the National Firearms Centre of the U.K. For comparison, a number of nonthreat items such as metallic belt buckles, keys, and coins have also been characterized. Clear differences in the magnitude and spectroscopic response of the MPT data for different firearm types and nonthreat items are presented. The application of unsupervised machine-learning (ML) algorithms to MPT data of threat and nonthreat objects enables a better understanding of target object classification. The presented results are encouraging as they demonstrate the ability of the MPT used in combination with the adopted classification algorithms to robustly discriminate between threat and nonthreat objects.

Cold atmospheric pressure plasma for the sanitation of conveyor belt materials: Decontamination efficacy against adherent bacteria and biofilms of Escherichia coli and effect on surface properties

The inactivation efficacy of a cold atmospheric pressure plasma jet against Escherichia coli DH5α adherent cells and biofilms on two conveyor belt materials was evaluated. A 120 s treatment time with a 3 cm treatment distance from the surface reduced both adherent cells (initial 5.6 ± 0.2 log CFU/coupon) and 24 h biofilms (initial 5.8 ± 0.4 log CFU/coupon) on stainless steel (SS) by >4.6 log CFU. While the same treatment reduced adherent cells (initial 5.7 ± 0.5 log CFU/coupon) and 24 h biofilms (initial 6.9 ± 0.5 log CFU/coupon) on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) by 3.8 ± 0.9 and 3.5 ± 0.5 log CFU, respectively. Mature biofilms (72 h grown) were more resistant than 24 h grown biofilms. Lower microbial reductions were observed on scratched surfaces compared to intact ones. No changes were observed in SS and PVC surfaces in terms of chemical properties and visual topography. CAPP is a promising waterless technique for the sanitation of metallic and polymeric conveyor belt surfaces. Industry relevanceCold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAPP) has the potential as waterless technology to inactivate bacteria and their biofilms on food contact surfaces without affecting the material properties and the visual topography. CAPP can be integrated for industrial operation by mounting a CAPP jet on a robotic arm or moving a conveyor belt under a stationary CAPP jet for surface sanitation. This environmental-friendly and residue-free nature technology can be useful in the food industry.

渤海 年代決定資料와 曆年代

Data showing absolute dating in Korean archaeological data are extremely rare, and Balhae is no exception. However, if you look at Empress Sunmok, Princess Jeonghye, and Princess Jeonghyo, who have a clear absolute age, you can use it as the standard for the first year of Balhae archaeology. In addition, Chinese porcelains, Tang-style metal belts, and Bronze mirrors, which have not received much attention so far, can cross-age through Chinese data. In addition, it is possible to estimate the date of the excavated relics through cross-examination with the period of the Balhae ruins in Primorsky, which have been accumulated until recently, as well as to the period of occupancy of the unit ruins. In this regard, it was expressed that there i s a need to actively utilize the data of the reverse date excavated from the Balhae ruins. Furthermore, it is expected that a sophisticated chronological system of Balhae archaeology can be established through a comprehensive review and thorough verification of the remains, where historical dating materials that can be set up.

Design and Fabrication of Multi-Disc Oil Skimmer

During the past 40 years, there have been numerous major accidents of oil spill in various countries, mostly as results of ship collisions. There are several methods in handling oil spill accident, in which the most effective methods are using mechanical oil skimmer with disc plate. This will reduce water pollution and saves the aquatic life. Disc type oil skimmer is used to remove the floating oil from liquid medium. The oil is removed from the metal disc and belt through wiping blades. Here we use the skimming medium as Metal disc. The skimming medium runs over the surface of water in which oil brought out with little amount of water. The main purpose of this fabricated skimmer is to purify the water from various dirt oils. The effectiveness of the oil skimmer on handling oil spills is influenced by various factors, such as the depth of the disc submerged or the disc surface area dipped into the oil spill, the area of the wiper sweep, the thickness of the oil on the disk surface, and the rotation speed of the disc. The present study is concerned to estimate the Oil Recovery Rate (ORR) and Oil Recovery Efficiency (ORE). The disc speed, depth of immersion and film thickness are the operating parameters. Speed of the disc can be varied by providing multispeed arrangement. The skimmer is more cost efficient and simple in design in comparing to costly treatments like membrane filters and chemical treatments.

Imaging the Whole‐Lithosphere Architecture of a Mineral System—Geophysical Signatures of the Sources and Pathways of Ore‐Forming Fluids

AbstractMineral systems can be thought of as a combination of several critical elements, including the whole‐lithosphere architecture, favorable geodynamic/tectonic events, and fertility. Because they are driven by processes across various scales, exploration benefits from a scale‐integrated approach. There are open questions regarding the source of ore‐forming fluids, the depth of genesis, and their transportation through the upper crust to discrete emplacement locations. In this study, we investigate an Au–Cu metal belt located at the margin of an Archean‐Paleoproterozoic microcontinent. We explore the geophysical signatures by analyzing three‐dimensional models of the electrical resistivity and shear‐wave velocity throughout the lithosphere. Directly beneath the metal belt, narrow, vertical, finger‐like low‐resistivity features are imaged within the resistive upper‐middle crust and are connected to a large low‐resistivity zone in the lower crust. A broad low‐resistivity zone is imaged in the lithospheric mantle, which is well aligned with a zone of low shear‐wave velocity, examined with a correlation analysis. In the upper‐middle crust, the resistivity signatures give evidence for ancient pathways of fluids, constrained by a structure along a tectonic boundary. In the lower lithosphere, the resistivity and velocity signatures are interpreted to represent a fossil fluid source region. We propose that these signatures were caused by a combination of factors related to refertilization and metasomatism of the lithospheric mantle by long‐lived subduction at the craton margin, possibly including iron enrichment, F‐rich phlogopite, and metallic sulfides. The whole‐lithosphere architecture controls the genesis, evolution, and transport of ore‐forming fluids and thus the development of the mineral system.

In-Mold-Assembly of Hybrid Bending Structures by Compression Molding

The further development of in-mold-assembly (IMA) technologies for structural hybrid components is of great importance for increasing the economic efficiency and thus the application potential. This paper presents an innovative IMA process concept for the manufacturing of bending loaded hybrid components consisting of two outer metal belts and an inner core structure made of glass mat reinforced thermoplastic (GMT). In this process, the core structure, which is provided with stiffening ribs and functional elements, is formed and joined to two metal belts in one single step. For experimental validation of the concept, the development of a prototypic molding tool and the manufacturing of hybrid beams including process parameters are described. Three-point bending tests and optical measurement technologies are used to characterize the failure behavior and mechanical properties of the produced hybrid beams. It was found that the innovative IMA process enables the manufacturing of hybrid components with high energy absorption and low weight in one step. The mass-specific energy absorption is increased by 693 % compared to pure GMT beams.

Volatile accumulation for the mineralization of Li–Be pegmatites in the northeastern Pamir, Western Kunlun, China

ABSTRACT Li–Be mineralization in the northeastern Pamir is the most westerly portion of the newly defined Western Kunlun–Songpan–Ganze rare metal belt in China. This paper discusses the geochemistry and isotopic U–Pb–Sr–Nd–Hf systems of two Triassic granites and Li–Be pegmatites, trying to identify their genetic relationship. Our study shows that although the biotite monzogranites, the muscovite granites, and the Li–Be pegmatites have similar zircon and coltan U–Pb ages of 210 Ma, continuous crystallization could not completely account for their compositional and Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic diversity. In comparison with the biotite monzogranites, the muscovite granites exhibit strongly fractionated characteristics, with higher levels of SiO2, K2O, P2O5, Li, Be, Cs, Rb, and Ta, and are sourced from a partial melt of meta-pelite rocks, showing a genetical relationship with the Li–Be pegmatites. A model of volatile accumulation is an attempt to interpret some characteristics of the strongly fractionated muscovite granites and Li-Be pegmatites, which show dramatically elevated contents of P2O5 of 0.20–0.23% to Li–Be pegmatites of 0.4–2.64%, respectively. P2O5 might be an agency of the accumulation of fluxing compositions also including B, F, and H2O. Succeeding pegmatite-forming fluid exsolution and selective removal of Ca–Na–K to precipitate feldspar minerals far away from the parent granites should be accountable for some strongly fractionated characteristics in the residual melt, e.g. the enrichment of Rb, loss of Sr and Ba, and elevated negative Eu anomaly. Furthermore, this selective extractant of alkalis metal triggered by the accumulation of flux notably enhanced the contents of Li and Be in the remaining melts by three times, which might be also an important mechanism for the rare metal concentration in the Li–Be pegmatites by thousands of times.

Хроноиндикаторы I–III вв. н.э. из лесостепных памятников Тоболо-Иртышья

The article deals with artifacts found in the Iron Age kurgans over the Trans-Uralian and West Siberian forest-steppe, which might be referencing for chronology of the Sargat culture and late complexes emerging within area under study. Our emphasis is placed on the analyses of some belt and strap fittings. Meanwhile the novelty of undertaken research might be viewed less in general discussion of chronological aspects but it brings to light quite rare examples of metal belt buckles among the well-known collections. Such finds broad our knowledge on material culture of the forest-steppe population during the first centuries AD and allow the authors’ assume on origin and time of appearance of buckles with flexile tongue as items of Roman patterns. At the same time one may presume that emergence of belt fittings with such construction over the vast territory, i.e. on the south of Eastern Europe on the one side and Central Asia and Siberia on the other side could occur irrespectively in general. In chronological aspect the introduction of buckles with flexile tongue into Asiatic territory of the steppe belt could have been no earlier than during the second half of the first century AD. Based on archaeological finds from the latest complexes the highest chronological edge of the Sargat culture might be considered as not beyond the mid of the third century AD. The early third century BC marks decline and stagnation of the culture, and archaeological sites with main, blatant features dated back to the mid of the third century AD are not found in the forest-steppe eastward the Urals. All available data testify to the fact that a relatively short-term lacuna divides archaeological materials of the early Iron Age and Great Folk Movement.

A metal belt in the Orumiyeh museum, Iran

This article discusses a bronze belt kept in the Orumiyeh Museum. The belt, almost completely preserved, has a geometric decoration consisting of five parallel bands filled with small embossed dots: this kind of decoration has many parallels spread from the Southern Caucasus to the north-western region of Iran (mainly from the site of Hasanlu). In this contribution, the authors analyse the belt’s morphology and decoration, and identify a series of finds that resemble this specimen, proposing in the end a possible local origin for this kind of motif.

Controls on the metallogenesis of the Lhasa–Mozugongka district, Gangdese Belt, Tibetan Plateau: Constraints on melt distribution and viscosity from the 3-D electrical structure of the lithosphere

Some of the largest and most significant Miocene porphyry copper systems in China are within the Gangdese metallogenic belt on the southern Tibetan Plateau. It has been recognized that the crustal architecture and rheology, derived from regional tectonic events, has direct implications for the evolution and transport of fluids and magmas, and thus for the metallogenesis and prospectivity. Using data from a magnetetolluric array, which intersects the Lhasa–Mozugongka district of the Gangdese metal belt, a 3-D electrical resistivity model was generated, with the goal of investigating the tectonic and rheological controls on the magmatic mineral system. The lithospheric temperature distribution was estimated by applying the Arrhenius equation to conductivity profiles generated from 1-D Monte-Carlo models of long-period magnetotelluric data. The conductivity of partial melts in the lower and middle crust (30–60 km depth) was estimated for local conditions by applying the experimentally-derived equation of X. Guo et al. (2018). Subsequently, we estimated the melt fraction required to explain the observed bulk resistivity in each part of the study area. Variations in the effective viscosity of the lower and middle crust were constrained by the electrical resistivity model by applying the empirical relation of Liu and Hasterock (2016). Beneath the Miocene Cu–Mo deposits in the Lhasa terrane, conductive features in the lower and middle crust are attributed to partial melt fractions of more than 5% and viscosity reductions of 1–2 orders of magnitude. These conductive features may represent the signatures of (ore-controlling) melt/fluid migration channels and deeper melt/fluid source regions in the form of extensive crustal reservoirs of partial melt. Based on the interpretations of the geophysical model, and other available geological and geochemical evidence, a model of the metallogenic dynamics of the Miocene porphyry Cu–Mo deposits is proposed. Overall, the study highlights the applicability of electromagnetic geophysical methods to reliably link resistivity structures to melt/fluid transport channels and sources within a mineral system and supports the hypothesis that crustal rheology exerts a major control on the distribution of ore deposits.

Research on Clamping Force Control of CVT for Electric Vehicles Based on Slip Characteristics.

The low mechanical efficiency of metal belt’s continuously variable transmission (CVT) limits its application in new energy vehicles. To further improve CVT efficiency and reduce the energy consumption of electric vehicles (EVs) with CVT, this paper proposes a pure electric CVT configuration and a clamping force control strategy. The slip characteristics of CVT are obtained through a bench test, the dynamic model of CVT slip is established, and a clamping force fuzzy control strategy is designed. The strategy is studied by simulation under extreme conditions and standard driving cycles. The simulation results show that the proposed clamping force control strategy has good adaptability. Under extreme conditions, this strategy can ensure that CVT does not undergo macro slip, while reducing the clamping force by 12.86–21.65%. Energy consumption per 100 km is 14.90 kWh in NEDC, which is 6.67% lower compared with the traditional strategy. CVT average efficiency and average transmission efficiency increased by 3.71% and 6.40%. The research results demonstrate that adjusting the CVT clamping force through fuzzy control based on the slip rate can improve the CVT efficiency and energy economy of EVs, which provides a certain reference for CVT clamping force control strategy development and the application of CVT on EVs.

The Distribution Regularity of Tang style metal Belt Excavated around the Han-Ju·Ung-ju of Silla

관인의 신분을 상징하는 당식 대장식구는 2021년 12월 현재 646式을 상회한다. 이에 대한 검토는 신라 지방사회를 고고학적으로 살피는 데 매우 유효하다. 이를 염두에 두고 삼국통일을 전후하여 새로 이 신라의 영역에 편입된 현재의 경기·충청지역의 분포 정형을 살필 필요가 있으며, 이 지역은 통일신라기 한주·웅주에 해당된다. 중고기에는 중국과의 교섭을 통해 역심엽형 대장식구와 구분되는 소위 황룡사형 대장식구가 일부 지방에 이입되나, 그 수량은 많지 않다. 또한 국원소경이 설치된 충주 일대의 자료로 보아 일정기간 역심엽형 대장식구와 공존한다. 신라의 삼국통일 이후 당식 대장식구는 지방 전역으로 확산된다. 재질은 대부분 청동이며, 옻칠을 부가하는 등의 가시적 차별성을 두어 소유자의 위계를 구분하였다. 또한 새로이 조성되는 고분군 내 석곽묘에서 출토되는 사례가 상대적으로 많아서, 이를 소유하던 계층은 재지 출신의 外官都督예하 지방관인으로 볼 수 있다. 하대에 이르러 중앙집권 체제의 동요와 호족으로 웅변되는 지방유력계층의 대두로 점차 대장식구는 본래의 기능을 상실한다. 이로써 당식 대장식구는 신라 지방관인의 상징에서 지방 유력 세력가의 또 다른 상징물로 그 의미가 퇴조한다.

The Distribution Regularity of Tang style metal Belt Excavated around the Yang-Ju Sang-ju Gang-ju of Silla

국내에서 당식 대장식구는 2021년 11월 현재 643式을 상회하며 앞으로도 그 수는 증대될 것으로 예기된다. 주지하다시피 당식 대장식구의 소유자를 관인으로 보는 만큼, 이에 대한 검토를 통해 신라 지방사회의 고고학적 접근이 매우 용이하다. 이에 原 신라 영역인 영남지역에서의 분포 정형을 먼저 검토할 필요가 있는데, 이 지역은 통일신라기 양주·상주·강주에 해당된다. 중고기에는 중국과의 교섭을 통해 역심엽형 대장식구와 구분되는 소위 황룡사형 대장식구가 특정 지방에 이입된다. 그러나 기존의 대장식구를 대체하지는 않고 일정기간 역심엽형 대장식구와 공존하며 상대적으로 낮은 계층이 소유한 것으로 판단된다. 김춘추의 唐 服制 도입과 신라의 삼국통일 이후 당식 대장식구는 지방 전역으로 확산된다. 재질은 대부분 청동이며, 옻칠을 부가하는 등의 가시적 차별성을 두어 소유자의 위계를 구분하였다. 그 소유자는 外官 都督 예하의 지방 관인에 해당된다. 하대에 이르러 중앙집권 체제가 동요하면서 지방에서 당식 대장식구의 출토 사례가 급감한다. 이는 지방 세력의 성장과 맥을 같이 한다.

Structural Optimization of Metal and Polymer Ore Conveyor Belt Rollers

Ore conveyor belt rollers operate in harsh environments, making them prone to premature failure. Their service lives are highly dependent on the stress field and bearing misalignment angle, for which limit values are defined in a standard. In this work, an optimization methodology using metamodels based on radial basis functions is implemented to reduce the mass of two models of rollers. From a structural point of view, one of the rollers is made completely of metal, while the other also has some components made of polymeric material. The objective of this study is to develop and apply a parametric structural optimization methodology to minimize the mass of the two models of rollers. To represent the mechanical behavior of the rollers, simulations were performed using the finite element method. During the numerical optimization process, the variable parameters were the dimensions of the shaft and external tube. The geometric configuration that corresponded at the same time to the lowest mass and acceptable ranges for the stress and bearing misalignment angle was determined. With the proposed methodology, a 32.3% reduction in mass was obtained for a metal roller design and an 18.9% reduction for a polymer roller. In both cases, the constraints were not violated. For the all-metal roller, the safety factors for the maximum stress and bearing misalignment angle were 1.44 and 1.75, respectively, while for the polymer roller the corresponding figures were 1.50 and 2.23. This work describes a low-computational-cost optimization methodology for roller designs that have been little studied in the literature. Furthermore, the methodology could be adapted for use with other types of rollers and rollers made of different materials.

金属平ベルトによる摩擦伝動時の張力分布とスリップ率の変化

The objective of this study is to investigate the changes of tension distributions and slip ratios of metal flat belt driven by frictional force. In this study, thin flat belt made of metal was driven between 2 shafts in lab scale. The power generated by the motor was transmitted from the drive pulley to the driven pulley through a belt and absorbed by an electromagnetic brake. Tension distributions of belt were obtained by strain gauges attached to the belt surface. Slip ratio was also obtained by measuring the difference of rotational speeds of the drive and driven pulleys. The results showed that tension distributions during winding on the pulley were explained by Euler model. In contrast, the slip ratios were not well expressed by Euler model. Experimental data of the slip ratio were about three times larger than those predicted by Euler model. In other words, as opposed to the assumptions of the Euler model, entire area of wound metal belt was contributed to transmit the power throughout slip. In this study, the Euler model was modified where the change of frictional coefficient was assumed to be depended on sliding velocity between belt and pulley. The predicted results by the modified model were almost agreed with the experimental results. The modified model was also effective in predicting slip ratios even if the surface properties of the pulleys were changed.