Indicators Of Metabolic Syndrome Research Articles

Neck circumference as an alternative marker of metabolic syndrome in Peruvian adults: A retrospective, cross-sectional study

Neck circumference is a low-cost and simple anthropometric measure that has been proven to accurately assess central obesity. However, evidence of its use and feasibility in low-resource settings is limited. We aimed to compare the utility of neck circumference with standard physical measures of obesity in northern Peru. This was a retrospective, cross-sectional study conducted among adults screened for metabolic syndrome. Body mass index, waist circumference, neck circumference, and additional measurements for metabolic syndrome were obtained. Assessments were performed following the WHO STEPS Surveillance Manual. Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple linear regression models were used to estimate the relationship of neck circumference to waist circumference and body mass index. Data from 250 participants showed a normal, homogeneous distribution in both men and women with respect to age and physical/biochemical measurements. The mean age was 53.6 years. A positive correlation of neck circumference with body mass index (r = 0.51 for women and 0.65 for men) and waist circumference (r = 0.6 for women and 0.74 for men) was observed. Multiple linear regression showed that a 1-cm increase in neck circumference increased body mass index by 0.72 kg/m2 (p < 0.001) in men and 0.94 kg/m2 (p < 0.001) in women, and waist circumference by 2.20 cm (p < 0.001) in men and 2.27 cm (p < 0.001) in women. Our findings suggest that neck circumference is a valid and reliable measure that will replace body mass index and waist circumference in Peruvian adults with central obesity; due to the strong correlation that exists between the NC and these anthropometric measurements, mainly because it is an easy, quick measurement and is less vulnerable to errors such as in the measurement of abdominal circumference or variabilities in weight.

Harnessing Metabolic Indices as a Predictive Tool for Cardiovascular Disease in a Korean Population without Known Major Cardiovascular Event.

This study evaluated the usefulness of indices for metabolic syndrome, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and insulin resistance (IR), as predictive tools for cardiovascular disease in middle-aged Korean adults. The prospective data obtained from the Ansan-Ansung cohort database, excluding patients with major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE). The primary outcome was the incidence of MACCE during the follow-up period. A total of 9,337 patients were included in the analysis, of whom 1,130 (12.1%) experienced MACCE during a median follow-up period of 15.5 years. The metabolic syndrome severity Z-score, metabolic syndrome severity score, hepatic steatosis index, and NAFLD liver fat score were found to significantly predict MACCE at values above the cut-off point and in the second and third tertiles. Among these indices, the hazard ratios of the metabolic syndrome severity score and metabolic syndrome severity Z-score were the highest after adjusting for confounding factors. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of the 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) score for predicting MACCE was 0.716, and the metabolic syndrome severity Z-score had an AUC of 0.619. The metabolic syndrome severity score is a highly reliable indicator and was closely associated with the 10-year ASCVD risk score in predicting MACCE in the general population. Given the specific characteristics and limitations of metabolic syndrome severity scores as well as the indices of NAFLD and IR, a more practical scoring system that considers these factors is essential to achieve greater accuracy in forecasting cardiovascular outcomes.

Screening value and correlation of body measurement indices for metabolic syndrome in the population undergoing physical examinations in Chengdu during 2018-2020

To investigate the screening value and correlation of body measurement indicators for metabolic syndrome(MS) and to provide evidence for MS screening. Through a cross-sectional research approach, data from individuals aged 18 and above who participated in health examinations at the North Health Management Center of Sichuan Provincial People&apos;s Hospital from 2018 to 2020 were reviewed. Data including height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, smoking history, and alcohol consumption history were collected. Subsequently, a body shape index(ABSI), body roundness index(BRI), body adiposity index(BAI), abdominal volume index(AVI), relative fat mass index(RFM), and body mass index(BMI) were computed. The individuals were then divided into MS and non-MS groups. The value of body measurement indices in screening for MS in the population aged 18 and above was assessed using ROC curves. Regression analysis was employed to explore the correlation between body measurement indices and MS. A total of 73 411 valid health examination data were obtained, including 44 426 males and 28 985 females. The MS group comprised 9181 males(21%) and 1668 females(6%). In the comparison between the MS and non-MS groups, there were statistically significant differences in ABSI((0.08±0.00) vs. (0.08±0.00)), BRI((4.95±0.67) vs. (4.17±0.68)), BAI((28.08±3.52) vs. (26.39±3.39)), AVI((17.51±2.77) vs. (12.85±2.91)), BMI((27.15±2.99) vs. (23.00±3.04)) and RFM((29.77±5.35) vs. (27.13±6.39))(P&lt;0.05). Univariate Logistic regression analysis showed that ABSI(OR=2.303, 95%CI 1.190-4.457), BRI(OR=4.596, 95%CI 4.446-4.752), BAI(OR=1.144, 95%CI 1.137-1.151), AVI(OR=1.668, 95%CI 1.652-1.684), RFM(OR=1.067, 95%CI 1.064-1.071) and BMI(OR=1.516, 95%CI 1.503-1.528) were associated with MS(P&lt;0.05). Multifactorial Logistic regression analysis corrected for sex, age, smoking and alcohol consumption showed that ABSI(OR=1.767, 95% CI 4.237-7.371), BRI(OR=5.441, 95% CI 5.228-5.663), BAI(OR=1.269, 95% CI 1.260-1.279), AVI(OR=1.648, 95% CI 1.631-1.665), RFM(OR=1.504, 95% CI 1.491-1.517) and BMI(OR=1.508, 95% CI 1.495-1.522) were associated with MS(P&lt;0.05). The ROC curve analysis showed that in adults, the AVI had the highest screening value for MS in males(AUC=0.855, optimal cutoff value=16.18), followed by RFM(AUC=0.844, optimal cutoff value=25.71), BMI(AUC=0.811, optimal cutoff value=25.21), BRI(AUC=0.793, optimal cutoff value=4.39), BAI(AUC=0.709, optimal cutoff value=25.88), and ABSI(AUC=0.671, optimal cutoff value=0.08). In adult females, the RFM had the highest screening value for MS(AUC=0.918, optimal cutoff value=37.01), followed by AVI(AUC=0.911, optimal cutoff value=13.43), BRI(AUC=0.901, optimal cutoff value=4.71), BMI(AUC=0.860, optimal cutoff value=23.94), ABSI(AUC=0.804, optimal cutoff value=0.08), and BAI(AUC=0.797, optimal cutoff value=29.92). ABSI, BRI, BAI, AVI, BMI and RFM are all capable of screening for MS. Among males, AVI has the highest screening value for MS, followed by RFM, BMI, BRI, BAI and ABSI. Among females, RFM has the highest screening value for MS, followed by AVI, BRI, BMI, ABSI and BAI. ABSI, BRI, BAI, AVI, RFM and BMI are positively correlated with MS.

Comparative predictive efficacy of atherogenic indices on metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia

BackgroundSchizophrenia patients endure high risks of metabolic syndrome and related cardiovascular mortality. Evidence on comparing detective power among atherogenic indices of the metabolic syndrome in schizophrenia patients with antipsychotics treatment is still lacking. MethodWe recruited 128 schizophrenia patients and collected blood samples to determine plasma levels of fasting glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Five components of metabolic syndrome were assessed. Atherogenic indices, such as atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), atherogenic coefficient (AC), Castelli's risk index-I (CRI-I) and Castelli's risk index-II (CRI-II), were calculated. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) and regression analysis were adopted to compare the detective power of each atherogenic index for metabolic syndrome. The optimal cutoff points using maximization of Youden's index and the positive likelihood ratios were calculated. Results51 (39.8 %) had metabolic syndrome. AIP (0.2 ± 0.2 vs. 0.6 ± 0.2), AC (2.5 ± 0.9 vs. 3.4 ± 0.9), CRI-I (3.5 ± 0.9 vs. 4.4 ± 0.9,) and CRI-II (2.1 ± 0.7 vs. 2.6 ± 0.7) were higher in the group with metabolic syndrome (all p < 0.001). AIP had the highest AUC (0.845, 95 % CI: 0.770, 0.920). The optimal cut-off point of AIP to predict metabolic syndrome was 0.4 with the corresponding sensitivity 83.7 %, specificity 80.3 %, and positive likelihood ratio 4.2. Regression analysis revealed that only AIP significantly correlated with the metabolic syndrome (p < 0.001). ConclusionAmong atherogenic indices, only AIP has superior discrimination for detecting metabolic syndrome in schizophrenia with antipsychotics treatment.

Relationship between Abdominal Volume Index and Body Adiposity Index and Scales of Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Syndrome.

A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out on 193,462 workers from different Spanish regions and work groups between January 2019 and September 2021. Abdominal volume index (AVI) and body adiposity index (BAI) were evaluated to assess obesity and its association with insulin resistance using three risk scales (TyG index, Triglycerides/HDL, and METS-IR), while their association with metabolic syndrome was determined using the NCEP ATP III, IDF, and JIS models. The results of the ROC curves to determine the predictive value of BAI and AVI in relation to the three criteria evaluated to calculate MetS in all instances presented a higher area under the curve (AUC) for AVI. The high values of AVI stand out for predicting MetS when applying the IDF criteria. The cut-off point in women was 13.70 with a Youden index of 0.802, whereas in men, the cut-off point was set at 17.59 with a Youden index of 0.672. Regarding the relationship of BAI and AVI with insulin resistance risk scales for both sexes, the AUC only revealed high values when using the METS-IR formula for both AVI and BAI. The AVI cut-off points to predict high values of insulin resistance risk scales in women were established at 13.12 with a Youden index of 0.722. In men, the cut-off point was 17.59, with a Youden index of 0.626. The BAI cut-off points in women were set at 33.88 with a Youden index of 0.748. In men, the cut-off point was 27.91, with a Youden index of 0.598. AVI demonstrated its value as a predictor of metabolic syndrome while exclusively applying the IDF criteria. AVI and BAI demonstrated their value as predictors of high values of insulin resistance risk scales only in the case of METS-IR. This predictive value is also higher in women.

Adequate Intake of Dietary Fiber May Relieve the Detrimental Impact of Blood Lead on Dyslipidemia among US Adults: A Study of Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Database.

Lead (Pb) exposure is a well-established risk factor for dyslipidemia, and people are exposed to it in multiple ways daily. Dietary fiber is presumed to improve lipid metabolism disorders, but it is still unknown whether it can relieve the detrimental impact of Pb on dyslipidemia. We used publicly accessible data from the 2011-2016 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). A total of 2128 US adults were enrolled for the subsequent analysis. Heavy metal concentrations in blood were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). A weighted logistic regression was conducted to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The dose-response relationship between blood heavy metals and dyslipidemia was explored using a weighted restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis. After fully adjusting for potential confounding factors (age, gender, race, education level, ratio of family income to poverty, marital status, body mass index, physical activity, waist circumference, smoke, alcohol drinking and history of metabolic syndrome, hypertension, and diabetes), a positive association between blood Pb levels and dyslipidemia risk was revealed (OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.03-1.40). Dietary fiber intake may significantly modify the association between blood Pb levels and dyslipidemia (p-interaction = 0.049), with a stronger association (OR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.05-1.52) being revealed in individuals with an inadequate intake of dietary fiber (<14 g/1000 kcal/day), but a null association (OR = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.72-1.42) being observed in those with an adequate intake of dietary fiber (≥14 g/1000 kcal/day). Moreover, the weighted RCS analysis showed that compared with the average blood Pb exposure level (4.24 µg/dL), a lower blood Pb exposure level (3.08 µg/dL) may contribute to the risk of dyslipidemia in the group with an inadequate dietary fiber intake. Our findings suggest that Pb exposure in blood may be a risk factor for dyslipidemia. However, an adequate dietary fiber intake may offset the risk of dyslipidemia caused by blood Pb exposure. Since avoiding Pb exposure in daily life is difficult, increasing dietary fiber intake in the future might be a promising approach to alleviate dyslipidemia caused by Pb exposure.

Occurrence of Metabolic Syndrome in Untreated Bipolar Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Study.

This cross-sectional study aimed to observe the occurrence of metabolic syndrome in untreated individuals with bipolar disorders. A total of 125 untreated individuals with bipolar disorders were collected as the study group, and 201 cases from the health examination center of our hospital were selected as the control group. The participants enrolled were assessed for general demographic data, case characteristics, and metabolic indexes including body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, triglyceride, HDL-C, cholesterol, LDL-C, and fasting plasma glucose. The incidence of metabolic syndrome in the bipolar disorders group was higher compared to the control group (9.6% VS. 8.5%). After calibrating sex and age data, a significant difference between the two groups was observed (P<0.05). Diastolic and systolic blood pressure were higher in the bipolar disorders group compared to the control group (P<0.01). Men with bipolar disorders had a higher risk of developing metabolic syndrome than women (14.5% vs. 5.8%). Bipolar disorders, sex, age, and BMI were identified as independent risk factors for metabolic syndrome. No significant difference was found in terms of metabolic index and incidence of metabolic syndrome between individuals with depressive episodes (n=37) and manic episodes (n=75). Patients with bipolar disorders were found to have a higher risk of developing metabolic syndrome than healthy individuals. Bipolar disorders, male sex, age, and BMI may contribute to an increased risk of developing metabolic syndrome.

Sex-based differences in metabolic protection by the ANP genetic variant rs5068 in the general population.

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) are produced in the heart and secreted into the circulation. As hormones, both peptides activate the guanylyl cyclase receptor A (GC-A), playing a role in blood pressure (BP) regulation. A significant role for ANP and BNP includes favorable actions in metabolic homeostasis. Sex-based high prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease in males compared with females is well established, but sex-based differences on cardiometabolic protection have not been investigated in relation to ANP (NPPA) and BNP (NPPB) gene variants. We included 1,146 subjects in the general population from Olmsted County, Minnesota. Subjects were genotyped for the ANP gene variant rs5068 and BNP gene variant rs198389. Cardiometabolic parameters and medical records were reviewed. In the presence of the minor allele of rs5068, diastolic BP, creatinine, body mass index (BMI), waist measurement, insulin, and prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome were lower, whereas HDL was higher in males with only trends observed in females. We observed no associations of the minor allele with echocardiographic parameters in either males or females. Regarding rs198389 genotype, the minor allele was not associated with any BP, metabolic, renal, or echocardiographic parameters in either sex. In the general community, the minor allele of the ANP gene variant rs5068 is associated with a favorable metabolic phenotype in males. No associations were observed with the BNP gene variant rs198389. These studies support a protective role of the ANP pathway on metabolic function and underscore the importance of sex in relationship to natriuretic peptide responses.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Males are characterized by lower ANP and BNP with greater prevalence of cardiometabolic disease. The ANP genetic variant rs5068 was associated with less metabolic dysfunction in males, whereas no metabolic profile was related to the BNP genetic variant rs198389 in the general population. ANP may play a more biological role in metabolic homeostasis compared with BNP in the general population with greater physiological metabolic actions in males compared with females.

Body mass index and prevalence of metabolic syndrome among Korean adults before and after the COVID-19 outbreak: a retrospective longitudinal study.

Studies evaluating weight changes during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have yielded inconsistent results, and most of those studies were based on self-reported anthropometric measures. We investigated changes in body mass index (BMI), professionally measured waist circumference (WC), and metabolic syndrome components from before to during the pandemic in a sample of the adult population in Korea. This retrospective study included 1,118 male and female (age≥18 years) who underwent health checkups at a university medical center between January 1, 2016 and March 31, 2022. Changes in BMI, lifestyles, and metabolic syndrome components during the pandemic were analyzed using the paired t-test, McNemar test, generalized estimating equations, and repeated-measures analysis of variance. Changes in body weight, BMI, and body fat percentage during the pandemic were not clinically significant. However, statistically significant results were found for decreased physical activity (p<0.001) and WC (p<0.001), and exacerbation of all metabolic syndrome components (except serum triglyceride levels). Moreover, the metabolic syndrome prevalence increased significantly from 20.2% to 31.2% during the pandemic (p<0.001). The prevalence of abdominal obesity and high fasting blood glucose levels also significantly increased from 2019 to 2021. Metabolic syndrome, its components, and fat distribution worsened significantly after the implementation of social distancing and lockdowns, despite no clinically significant changes in body weight and BMI. Further studies on the post- pandemic period should investigate the long-term impact of social lockdowns on BMI and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome.

‘Effect of psyllium consumption on metabolic syndrome indices: Systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

‘Effect of psyllium consumption on metabolic syndrome indices: Systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Development and Evaluation of a Blended Self-Management Program for Metabolic Syndrome in Patients With Rheumatic Diseases.

Rheumatic diseases are known to be associated with the development of metabolic syndrome, which increases mortality rates due to cardiovascular complications. Although a variety of self-management programs for rheumatic diseases have been developed, few have concentrated on metabolic syndrome. This study aimed to develop and verify a blended (a mixture of telephone and online interventions) metabolic syndrome self-management program. The program was developed in four stages: analysis to identify program contents, website design, website development, and validity testing. A quasi-experimental nonequivalent control group, pretest-posttest design was adopted to verify the program effectiveness in 54 patients with rheumatic disease. The program was initially implemented via telephone for 4 weeks and then self-administered via a web-based platform for 20 weeks. Indices of metabolic syndrome and self-management and quality of life scores were measured as outcome variables. Data were collected three times: before intervention, after 4 weeks of telephone interventions, and after 20 weeks of online self-interventions. The devised program had a significant overall effect on metabolic syndrome indices, metabolic syndrome-related self-management behaviors, and quality of life. Detailed analysis showed the program effectively reduced body mass index, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, and blood glucose levels and improved metabolic syndrome self-management behaviors. Based on our findings, it can be expected that the use of this program may retard or prevent the progression of metabolic syndrome by improving some metabolic syndrome indices and metabolic syndrome-related self-management behaviors, which are key components of care in rheumatic disease patients with metabolic syndrome. This web-based program appears to be beneficial in public health care settings because it is cost-effective, readily available, and may provide long-term support.

Predictive estimation of the Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI) and Dysfunctional Adiposity Index (DAI) for metabolic syndrome in a working population

To evaluate metabolic syndrome using three methodsproposed by recognizedinternational institutions, and the visceraladiposity (VAI)anddysfunctionaladiposity (DAI)indices for prediction and prevalence estimation in working populations. Cross-sectional study in workers from different Spanish autonomous communities who underwent a health examination between January 2019 and September 2021 at four occupational risk prevention services. Metabolic syndrome was evaluated according to criteria from the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP/ATP-III), the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and the Joint Interim Statement (JIS). VAI and DAI values were calculated using their specific formulas and their predictive capacity was measured using ROC curves. The SPSS 27.0 program was used, with statistical significance level set at p< 0.05. 418 343 workers were included, mostly men (58.8%), average age between 30 and 49 years (58.0%), social class III, mostly manual workers (75.9%) and nonsmokers (66.9%). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome differed depending on the criteria used, being higher in men with IDF and JIS, and in women with ATPIII. For the three definitions of metabolic syndrome, the values of the area under the curve were > 0.8 (>80%). The highest VAI was obtained with the JIS, and the highest DAI with the ATPIII. The highest confidence index was for ATPIII and JIS. The VAI and ICD adiposity indices show high predictive capacity in metabolic syndrome with all three criteria used and can be useful for prevention activities in occupational health.

Temporal Changes in Metabolic Syndrome Indices and Factors of Metabolic Syndrome Development in Patients With Rheumatic Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Patients with rheumatic disease have a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome. The purpose of this study was to investigate temporal changes in metabolic syndrome indices and to identify factors influencing metabolic syndrome development. A prospective cohort study design was adopted. The study participants were 68 outpatients with a rheumatic disease at an outpatient clinic of a university hospital. Data on demographics, health-related characteristics, steroid use, serum C-reactive protein levels, and metabolic syndrome indices were collected between December 2017 and March 2021. Temporal changes in body mass indices, serum triglyceride, and cholesterol levels were significant. Body mass indices, diastolic blood pressure, serum triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, and fasting blood glucose levels at time of diagnosis were found to influence metabolic syndrome development. Temporal changes in serum triglyceride, cholesterol, and fasting blood glucose levels were significantly influenced by inflammatory status. The findings demonstrate the importance of controlling inflammatory activities in the context of inhibiting the progression of metabolic syndrome and rheumatic diseases.

Comparison of Sleep Disturbance, Physical Activity, and Health-Related Quality of Life According to Depressive Symptoms in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: A Secondary Analysis from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Using a Propensity Score Matching Analysis.

Metabolic syndrome has become a global epidemic, and the age of its onset is decreasing. However, its prevalence can be reduced by lifestyle modifications. This study examined the differences in sleep disturbance, physical activity, and health-related quality of life associated with depressive symptoms in patients with metabolic syndrome aged ≥ 40 years. This cross-sectional secondary analysis of data from the 2016 and 2018 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Of 1404 patients with metabolic syndrome aged ≥ 40 years, depressed and non-depressed patients (103 vs. 103) were matched 1:1 on demographic characteristics using propensity score matching. The outcome variables were then compared between the two groups. We investigated health status, including metabolic syndrome indices, health behaviors, such as sleep disturbances and physical activity, and health-related quality of life. After propensity score matching, health-related quality of life was the only variable that differed significantly between the groups; it was significantly lower in patients with depression (0.77) than in those without depression (0.88) (p = 0.001). Our results suggest that depression with metabolic syndrome is likely to cause a decrease in patients' quality of life; therefore, development of management systems and programs for early intervention to tackle at-risk groups is necessary.

#3829 ARTERIAL STIFFNESS AND METABOLIC SYNDROME INDICES IN RENAL TRANSPLANTATION PATIENTS

Abstract Background and Aims Although renal transplantation improves survival, cardiovascular morbidity and mortality still remain as a significant problem compared with nonrenal populations. In end stage renal disease metabolic cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, hyperuricemia, obesity and diabetes mellitus have been confirmed to be positively correlated with arterial stiffness. Arterial stiffness is an important characteristic of the arterial wall and can be assessed noninvasively by the measurement of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWv). The aim of this study is to evaluate the risk factors for arterial stiffness in kidney transplant recipients. Method One hundred and forty nine kidney transplant recipients from our renal transplant outpatient clinic were enrolled into the study. All patients were evaluated for their standard clinical (age, gender, duration of hemodialysis, post-transplant time), biochemical parameters. Anthropometric and body composition analyses were performed for all patients. Body compositions were analyzed by using the Body Composition Analyzer (Tanita BC- 420MA). PWv was determined from pressure tracing over carotid and femoral arteries using the SphygmoCor system. Results Patients were divided into two groups according to PWv levels. The frequency of patients with PWv ≥ 7 m/s was higher in patients with new onset diabetes (55.9%), hyperuricemia (uric acid level type="Periodical" type="Periodical" type="Periodical" type="Periodical" type="Periodical" type="Periodical" type="Periodical" type="Periodical"&amp;gt; 7 mg/dl) (p:0.029, 0.05). Higher carotid-femoral PWv was significantly related with systolic (p:0.003) and diastolic blood pressure (p:0.002), uric acid (p:0.0001) and fasting glucose (p: 0.02) levels. According to body composition analyses, muscle mass, visceral fat ratio and body weight were significantly higher in patients with PWv ≥ 7 m/s (p &amp;lt; 0.005). In patients with high PWv, sagittal abdominal diameters and waist circumferences were significantly higher than patients with PWv &amp;lt; 7 m/s. When criteria for metabolic syndrome were assessed there were a significant increase in pulse wave velocity in patients with 0-1; 2-3; and 4-5criteria (p &amp;lt; 0.01). Conclusion In post transplantation period, metabolic syndrome indices as high blood pressure, hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia and increased waist and hip circumferences are closely related with arterial stiffness. For cardiovascular risk reduction after renal transplantation; blood pressure, serum glucose and uric acid levels should be under strict control.

The Development of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Metabolic Syndromes in Diet-Induced Rodent Models.

Dietary macronutrients are essential for metabolic regulation and insulin function. The present study examined the effects of different high-fat diets (HFDs) and high-carbohydrate diets (HCDs) on the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic syndrome indices in healthy adult male Wistar albino rats. Forty-two rats were distributed into six groups (n = 7), which were fed the following for 22 weeks: (1) a control diet; (2) a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet (HCD-LFD); (3) high-saturated-fat, low-carbohydrate diet (HSF-LCD); (4) a high-monounsaturated-fat diet (HMUSF); (5) a high medium-chain fat diet (HMCF); and a (6) a high-carbohydrate, high-fiber diet (HCHF). In comparison to the control, the body weight increased in all the groups. The HSF-LCD group showed the highest levels of cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, hepatic enzyme, insulin resistance, and Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance. A liver histology analysis of the HSF-LCD group showed macrovesicular hepatic steatosis associated with large hepatic vacuolation. Additionally, it showed marked periportal fibrosis, especially around the blood vessels and blood capillaries. The lowest levels of fasting glycemia, insulin, and HOMA-IR were observed in the HCHF group. In conclusion, these findings show that dietary saturated fat and cholesterol are principal components in the development and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats, while fiber showed the greatest improvement in glycemic control.

Role of HOMA-IR and IL-6 as screening markers for the metabolic syndrome in patients with chronic schizophrenia: a psychiatric hospital-based cross-sectional study.

This study starts from the metabolic related indexes and cellular inflammatory factors in patients with chronic schizophrenia to find out that it can be used as an effective screening index of metabolic syndrome. 320 patients with chronic schizophrenia (course of disease > 5years) and 165 healthy subjects were selected. The mental symptoms of the patients were measured by positive and negative syndrome scale. Blood samples from patients and healthy controls were collected to detect blood glucose, triglyceride, HDL and fasting insulin. The serum levels of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-17, IFN-γ and TNF-α were determined repeatedly by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The levels of HOMA-IR, plasma inflammatory factors IL-2, IL-6, IL-17 and TNF-α in patient group were higher than those in healthy group. It was found that there were differences in age and related metabolic indexes between patients with chronic schizophrenia with and without metabolic syndrome. In addition, HOMA-IR, plasma cytokines IL-2 and IL-6 still showed differences between groups. In the Spearmen correlation analysis of insulin resistance index, cytokines and metabolic indexes, it was found that there was a significant correlation between HOMA-IR, IL-6 and related metabolic indexes and metabolic syndrome. ROC curve analysis showed that HOMAIR and IL-6 could be used as screening indexes for MS in male and female patients with schizophrenia.Metabolic syndrome is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic schizophrenia. HOMA-IR and IL-6 can be used as effective biological indicators to screen MS in patients with chronic schizophrenia.

걷기와 야외기구운동이 고령여성의 염증인자 및 대사증후군 지표에 미치는 영향

This study examined the changes in inflammatory factors and metabolic syndrome indices by applying a 12-week treatment program to investigate the effects of walking and outdoor exercise on inflammatory factors and metabolic syndrome indices in elderly women. To this end, it was divided into an exercise group and a control group, and walking and outdoor equipment exercise were applied to the exercise group, and the control group was used as a comparison group to verify the exercise effect of the exercise group. The treatment program applied 60-minute warm-up and main exercise 4 times a week for 12 weeks. To verify the statistical effect between the two groups, two-way analysis of variance was applied to analyze the time-period interaction between the groups. Through this procedure, the following conclusions were obtained. BR First, in the effect of 12 weeks of walking and outdoor exercise on inflammatory factors in elderly women, it was found that there was a significant interaction effect between the exercise group and control group in IL-6, and TNF-a was also found in the exercise group and control group. It was found that there was a significant interaction effect in the group. BR Second, it was found that there was a significant interaction effect between the exercise group and the control group in TC in terms of the effect of 12 weeks of walking and outdoor machine exercise on metabolic syndrome indices in elderly women. On the other hand, in TG, HDL, and LDL, there was no significant interaction between the exercise group and the control group.

Effect of Raw Juice Diet on Changes in Metabolic Syndrome Index and Serum Fibroblast Activation Protein

본 연구의 목적은 채소와 과일을 포함한 생즙식이가 세포 표면 단백질 분해효소인 혈청 섬유모세포 활성화 단백질(FAP, fibroblast activating protein) 및 대사증후군 지수의 변화에 미치는 영향을 알아보는 것이다. 2014년 4월에 10일 동안 생즙만 섭취하는 프로그램에 참여한 20명을 대상으로 분석하였다. 대사증후군 지수는 국가 콜레스테롤 교육 프로그램 성인치료패널Ⅲ(NCEP-ATP Ⅲ)의 기준에 따랐다. 대상자들의 식이섭취량을 살펴본 결과, 비타민 A는 권장량의 90% 이상, 비타민 B1은 20%, 비타민 B6는 44.4%, 엽산은 35.0% 이상 섭취하는 등 영양불균형 상태를 보였다. 그러나 참여 기간 동안 생즙식이로 섭취하는 비타민 섭취량은 권장섭취량의 20~75배로 매우 높았다. 결과적으로 생즙식이 10일 후에 대상자의 혈청 FAP가 증가했으나 중성지방, 혈압, HDL-콜레스테롤은 감소했다. 또한 혈청 FAP가 증가함에 따라 HDL-콜레스테롤이 남자(p .05)와 전체 참가자(p .05)에서 유의하게 증가하는 양의 상관관계가 있었다. 또한 남성의 경우 혈청 FAP가 증가할수록 허리엉덩이둘레비(WHR, Wist to Hip Ratio)가 감소하는 음의 상관관계가 있었다(p .05). 결론적으로, 생즙식이를 통한 섬유모세포 활성화 단백질 효소의 활성을 확인한 본 연구의 결과는 당뇨병 관리의 방향을 제시하기 위한 좋은 기본 데이터가 될 것이며, 대사 증후군의 관리 및 예방을 위한 영양 정책 및 건강 교육을 수립하는 데 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다.

Thymus linearis Extracts Ameliorate Indices of Metabolic Syndrome in Sprague Dawley Rats.

The extract library (n-hexane (NH), ethyl acetate (EA), methanol (M), distilled water (DW), and combined extract (CE)) was standardized using in vitro phytochemical, antioxidant, and α-amylase inhibition assays, after which the protective effect of selected "hit," i.e., CE against metabolic syndrome, was determined in vivo, using rats fed a high-fat diet supplemented with additional cholesterol administration. CE was administered to Sprague Dawley rats in high dose as 100 mg/kg in carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) (1 ml; 0.75% in DW) and low-dose group as 50 mg/kg in CMC (0.5 ml; 0.75% in DW). After 10 weeks, the effects of CE on insulin resistance, lipid metabolism, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), oxidative stress, and genotoxicity were assessed through histological, biochemical, and hematological investigations. Phytochemical analysis including RP-HPLC analysis of the extracts showed that flavonoids and phenolics (myricetin, kaempferol, and apigenin), previously known to be effective against obesity and diabetes, are present in the extracts. Antioxidant studies revealed that the plant possesses a highly significant (p < 0.05) concentration of antioxidants. Satisfactory α-amylase inhibitory activity was also observed in in vitro experiments. In vivo studies showed that CE-administered animals had significantly (p < 0.05) lower weight gain and smaller adipocytes than the control group. Moreover, CE resisted any significant (p < 0.05) change in the organ weights. Analogous to findings from its traditional use, the plant extract had a positive modulatory effect on insulin resistance and hyperglycemia. The study also indicated that CE resisted high-fat diet-induced disturbance in lipid profile and countered any pathological changes in liver enzymes caused by fat-infused diet. Furthermore, a study on endogenous antioxidant levels indicated that CE was effective in maintaining catalase and peroxidase levels within the normal range and resisted the effects of lipid peroxidation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. In principle, the current study's findings scientifically validate the implication of T. linearis in metabolic syndrome and recommend further studies on molecular insights of the observed therapeutic activity.