Metabolic Syndrome Group Research Articles

Intestinal Barrier Permeability in Overweight Individuals with or Without Metabolic Syndrome

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the intestinal barrier permeability relating with metabolic and anthropometric parameters in overweight individuals with or without Metabolic Syndrome (MS). Methods This was an observational, case control study, with data collection from September 2019 to June 2021 at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte. Urine, blood samples and anthropometric measurements were collected. MS was defined according the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP: ATP III) criteria. Intestinal barrier permeability was measured by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) assay using lactulose/mannitol as sugar probe in urinary collection. Correlations between intestinal permeability, metabolic and anthropometric parameters were assessed using Spearman's (r2) correlations. Results Overall, 42 individuals participated in the study, 28.6% were normal weight, 35.7% were overweight without MS and 35.7% were overweight with MS. The mean age was 59.5 (47.75–67.25) years and the female gender (64.3%) was the most prevalent. Fasting glucose, insulin, triglycerides and HOMA index were significantly higher in the overweight with MS group. Lactulose and mannitol excretion and the L/M ratio were higher in the overweight with MS group but not statistically significant. L/M ratio and C-reactive protein (PCR) were positively correlated in overweight without MS individuals (r2 = + 0.626, p < 0.05). Mannitol excretion and HOMA index were also positively correlated in overweight with MS group (r2 = + 0.520, p < 0.05). There was no correlation between intestinal permeability variables and anthropometric parameters (Body Mass Index, waist and hip circumference, weight). Conclusions Intestinal barrier permeability parameters were not associated with overweight nor MS. Nevertheless, increased intestinal permeability was associated to elevated inflammatory status in overweight without MS individuals and to insulin resistance in overweight with MS individuals. Data reinforces the association between intestinal permeability and nutritional and metabolic status. Funding Sources CNPq (406,353/2018-2).

The Predictive Role of Aberrant Metabolic Parameters and Negative Automatic Thinking on the Cognitive Impairments Among Schizophrenia Patients with Metabolic Syndrome

PurposeThe study aimed to clarify the cognitive impairments of schizophrenia with metabolic syndrome while evaluating their potential as risk factors.Patients and MethodsWe recruited 153 participants and divided them into three groups according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, criteria and the guideline standards for the prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia in Chinese adults in 2007 for metabolic syndrome, as follows: healthy control group (n = 47); nonmetabolic syndrome group (n = 58); and metabolic syndrome group (n = 48). Psychotic symptoms were evaluated using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Cognitive function and automatic thinking were estimated using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale, Verbal Fluency Test, and Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire. Serum biochemical parameters were measured by automatic biochemistry analyzer.ResultsOne-way ANOVA analysis revealed that differential cognition impairments in schizophrenia patients compared to controls. Furthermore, results of multiple comparisons showed that more serious barriers in orientation, language fluency, and negative automatic thinking existed in the metabolic syndrome group than in the healthy and non-metabolic syndrome groups. Spearman correlation and stepwise linear regression analyses showed that psychopathological symptoms, high waist circumference, and high triglyceride were the predictive factors for negative automatic thoughts, orientation, and language fluency. Those results collectively revealed that high waist circumference, high triglyceride and negative automatic thinking had validity and effectiveness in predicting the cognitive function impairments of the metabolic syndrome group.ConclusionThe present findings strongly supported the notion that aberrant parameters of high waist circumference, high triglyceride and high negative automatic thoughts had validity and effectiveness predictive role for cognitive impairments in the schizophrenics with metabolic syndrome. The schizophrenia patients with metabolic syndrome should receive regular monitoring and adequate treatment for metabolic and psychological risk factors.

МЕТАБОЛИЧЕСКИЙ СИНДРОМ ПРИ РЕВМАТОИДНОМ АРТРИТЕ КАК КРИТЕРИЙ КАРДИОВАСКУЛЯРНОГО РИСКА

Abstract. Introduction. Rheumatoid arthritis and metabolic syndrome have common pathogenic mechanisms, thus mutually reinforcing each other, creating a higher risk of cardiovascular disease. Objectives: study the effect of metabolic syndrome on the course of rheumatoid arthritis and the formation of cardiovascular risk. Material and methods. The study included a clinical evaluation of 100 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (average age 55±12,4 years). The patients were divided into 2 groups depending on the presence of metabolic syndrome: 1st group – persons with metabolic syndrome (59 people, 59%) and 2nd group - persons without metabolic syndrome (41 patients, 41%). The received data were processed using the program STATISTICA 10. The differences in the indicators were considered statistically significant at p<0,05. Results. In 1st group, the activity of rheumatoid arthritis was higher (DAS-28 was 5.58±0.9) than in 2nd group (DAS-28 was 5.23±0.85) (p=0.02). The daily dose of steroids was higher in the group with metabolic syndrome: in terms of prednisone 7.5 [5; 10] mg versus 5 [5; 10] mg in the group without metabolic syndrome (p=0.013). Verified arterial hypertension was 3.8 times more common in the presence of metabolic syndrome. Left ventricular myocardial hypertrophy was 1.5 times more common in patients in the group with metabolic syndrome (35.9%), and it was noted both in combination with arterial hypertension and without it. In 1st group, left ventricular myocardial hypertrophy, unrelated to hypertension, was found in 9 people (9.78%). In 2nd group, myocardial hypertrophy was associated with arterial hypertension in all patients. Conclusion. The presence of metabolic syndrome in rheumatoid arthritis is associated with a higher activity of rheumatic disease. In patients with rheumatoid arthritis, it contributes to an increase in cardiovascular risk, characterized by a higher incidence of hypertension (3.8 times), an increase n total cholesterol and an increase in left ventricular myocardial mass. In patients with a combination of rheumatoid arthritis and metabolic syndrome, myocardial hypertrophy was detected even in the absence of an increase in blood pressure, which dictates the need for echocardiography in this group of patients.

A Cross-Sectional Study of Serum Ferritin Levels in Vietnamese Adults with Metabolic Syndrome.

BackgroundMetabolic syndrome is one of the most common public health concerns in the 21st century. Several previous studies have shown an association between increased serum ferritin levels and other components of metabolic syndrome and the risk of metabolic syndrome. They conclude that ferritin can be viewed as a predictor of metabolic syndrome risk. This study investigates some main features of metabolic syndrome and the serum ferritin levels in a Vietnamese adult cohort with metabolic syndrome.MethodsA descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 207 patients who were treated at the General Internal Medicine-Geriatric Department, Hue Central Hospital, from May 2018 to August 2020. Patients were divided into two groups: the study group (104 patients with metabolic syndrome) and the control group (103 patients without metabolic syndrome and no serum ferritin-mediated disease). The metabolic syndrome was diagnosed by a joint interim statement of the International Diabetes Federation/American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/World Heart Federation/International Atherosclerosis Society/International Association for the Study of Obesity in 2009.ResultsHypertriglyceridemia–hypertension–hyperglycemia (50.9%) is the most common combination of metabolic syndrome components. The mean serum ferritin concentration was 391.62±181.97ng/mL and 124.55±63.95ng/mL in the metabolic syndrome and control groups, respectively. In the metabolic syndrome group, increased ferritin concentration accounted for 86.54% for men, the mean serum ferritin concentration was 453.064 ± 161.75ng/mL (increased ferritin concentration accounted for 96.15%) for women; the mean serum ferritin concentration was 330.17 ± 181.71 ng/mL (increased ferritin concentration accounted for 86.54%).ConclusionThe serum ferritin level is significantly increased in Vietnamese patients with metabolic syndrome.

Effect of Walking Steps Measured by a Wearable Activity Tracker on Improving Components of Metabolic Syndrome: A Prospective Study.

We compared the improvement in components of metabolic syndrome (MS) before and after lifestyle modification, as determined by daily step counts (on a wrist-worn Fitbit®) in participants with and without MS recruited from volunteers attending medical health checkup programs. A linear mixed model was used to analyze the change in MS components between participants with and without MS by group × time interaction. Multiple logistic regression analysis after adjustment for confounders was used to obtain odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for improvements in MS components per 1000-steps/day increments. Waist circumference, triglycerides, fasting plasma glucose, and diastolic blood pressure were significantly different between participants with and without MS (group × time: p = 0.010, p < 0.001, p = 0.025, and p = 0.010, respectively). Multivariable-adjusted ORs (95% CI) of improvement in MS components per 1000-steps/day increments were 1.24 (1.01–1.53) in participants with and 1.14 (0.93–1.40) in participants without MS. Walking improved MS components more in individuals with than without MS. From a public health perspective, walking should be encouraged for high-risk MS individuals.

Tip 1 ve Tip 2 Psöriasiste Hematolojik Parametrelerin Metabolik Sendromla Olan İlişkisi

Objective: Psoriasis is a chronic, inflammatory disease with a rate of 2% in the population, with periods of remission and exacerbation. Psoriasis has been accepted as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and is known to be closely related to metabolic syndrome. It is known that the mean platelet volume (MPV), the platelet distribution width (PDW), the red blood cell distribution width (RDW) levels are parameters predicting systemic inflammation. Studies have found that some of these parameters can be used to predict metabolic syndrome in patients with psoriasis. In the literature, there is no study showing the relationship between the frequency of metabolic syndrome (MS) and hematological parameters by evaluating type 1 and type 2 psoriasis separately. &#x0D; Materials and Methods: A total of 186 participants were included in the study, 93 patients over 18 years of age with psoriasis diagnosed and 93 age and gender equivalent control groups, who applied to the dermatology clinic. &#x0D; Results: While PDW was significantly different between psoriasis and control group, RDW was significantly different in the type 2 psoriasis group compared to the type 1 psoriasis group. Although MPV, RDW, and PDW were higher in the MS groups for both type 1 and type 2 psoriasis groups, and they did not create a statistically significant difference in any of them. &#x0D; Conclusions: This study showed that the frequency of MS and related parameters were different between patients with type 1 and type 2 psoriasis, and we found that type 2 psoriasis was more associated with MS. In addition, we think that among the inflammatory parameters, especially RDW, may be an important marker for type 2 and type 1 psoriasis and comorbidities.

Beneficial Effects of Fructooligosaccharides Esterified with Lauric Acid in a Metabolic Syndrome Model Induced by a High-Fat and High-Carbohydrate Diet in Wistar Rats

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a group of abnormalities in which obesity, insulin resistance (IR), oxidative stress, and dyslipidemia stand out. This pathology predisposes to the development of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. The ingestion of linear fructooligosaccharides (FOS) such as inulin reduces conditions such as hyperinsulinemia, increased body fat, and triglyceridemia. When FOS are esterified with fatty acids, they present emulsifying and surfactant properties; however, there are no reports of their function at the biological level. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of Agave tequilana Weber's FOS (AtW-FOS) and FOS esterified with lauric acid (FOS-LA) in MS markers in a rat model induced by a HFHC diet. Supplementation with AtW-FOS and FOS-LA decreased IR, improved glucose tolerance, reduced liver weight (19%), plasma triglycerides (24%), and blood pressure (16%) when compared with the untreated MS group. In conclusion, the ingestion of AtW-FOS and FOS-LA has beneficial effects in the prevention of MS alterations, showing a high potential for their application in functional foods.

Perilipin Genetic Variation Correlated with Obesity and Lipid Profile in Metabolic Syndrome

BACKGROUND: Perilipin is very important for the regulation of the deposition and mobilization of fats. The human perilipin gene (PLIN) is near the locus for risk of obesity and hypertriglyceridemia. The PLIN gene is thought to be involved in the occurrence of metabolic syndrome. AIM: The aim of this research is to determine the role of variations of the PLIN gene (PLN4 11482 G&gt;A) as a risk factor for component of metabolic syndrome. METHODS: This study involved a total of 160 subjects consisting of 80 with metabolic syndrome and 80 controls. Genotype analysis was done with the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. The data were analyzed with t-tests to compare the subjects’ characteristics between metabolic syndrome groups and controls. Risk factors of PLIN genotypes were calculated with odds ratio and multivariate regression analysis was used to determine the role of the PLIN gene with each biochemical characteristic. RESULTS: The result was significant differences between the characteristics of the metabolic syndrome subjects with controls (p &lt; 0.05). There was no difference in genotypes between patients with metabolic syndrome and controls. The multivariate analysis of the genetic role with biochemical components showed the PLIN gene in AA carriers as a risk factor for metabolic syndrome compare GA+GG, risk of obesity, and hypercholesterolemia with p &lt; 0.05. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that PLIN variation has a role in the incidence of metabolic syndrome, especially in relation to obesity and hypercholesterolemia. Further study is needed to determine the role of other gene variations as a risk factor for metabolic syndrome.

IDF21-0688 Correlation between metabolic syndrome and diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes

Background: Metabolic syndrome is responsible of an increased cardiovascular risk and is involved in the pathogenesis of the degenerative complications of diabetes, including diabetic nephropathy. Indeed, the association of metabolic syndrome and diabetic nephropathy may rise morbidity and mortality. Aim: The purpose of our work is to evaluate the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetic patients with and without metabolic syndrome. Method: Our study is retrospective, descriptive and analytical, involving 381 type 1 diabetic patients during 7 years. Our patients were divided into 2 groups: type 1 diabetic patients with metabolic syndrome (Group 1), and type 1 diabetic patients without metabolic syndrome (Group 2). The metabolic syndrome was defined according to the IDF criteria. Results: Metabolic syndrome was reported in 20 patients (Group1) (5.3%). The average age in this group was 39±16 years. Female predominance was noticed in 75% of patients. Diabetes exceeded 5 years in 80% of cases in the first group. Patients with metabolic syndrome were overweight/obese in 45% of cases, with an average body mass index of 26.15±4.6kg/m2. The mean HbA1c was 10.1±3.4%. Diabetic nephropathy was identified in 35% of patients, and renal failure in 15% (p<0.04). In the second group, the mean age was 20.5±9.8 years, with a sex ratio F/H of 0.9. The duration of diabetes exceeded 5 years in 41.5% of cases. The mean body mass index was 20.08±4.1kg/m2, and only 8.6% of patients were obese/overweight. The mean HbA1c was 8.09±1.2%. The rate of diabetic nephropathy in this group didn’t exceed 24% and the rate of renal failure was 4.7%. Discussion: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in type 1 diabetes is still increasing, which rises the risk of degenerative complications, particularly diabetic nephropathy. Hence the importance of optimal glycemic control, strict management of cardiovascular risk factors, and close monitoring of microalbuminuria and renal function with early initiation of nephroprotective therapy.

The Role Of Uric Acid And Hscrp In Predicting Metabolic Syndrome

Aim: Metabolic syndrome is a group of diseases characterized by the coexistence of cardiometabolic risk factors such as abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance, and high blood pressure. Metabolic syndrome is a common disease that can lead to high mortality with cardiovascular complications. Many studies are ongoing for laboratory parameters that can be used in the early diagnosis of this syndrome, but for daily clinical use and the diagnostic criteria, any parameter has not been revealed yet. We planned to carry out this study to predict the usability of uric acid and HSCRP in clinical practice, which have been reported to be associated with metabolic syndrome in the literature. Material and Methods: Patients with metabolic syndrome who applied to Ankara Training and Research Hospital’s Internal Medicine department outpatient clinic for any reason within nine months were included in the study group. In the same period, completely healthy cases who applied to the outpatient clinic for any reason were included in the control group. Demographic data, physical examination findings, anthropometric measurement results, biochemical parameters, and HSCRP levels of the cases were recorded. Metabolic syndrome and the control group were analyzed for uric acid and HSCRP values. SPSS 25.0 was used for statistical analysis. The data were evaluated within the 95% confidence interval, and p&lt;0.05 was considered significant. Results: In the study conducted that with a total of 174 patients, including 95 patients with metabolic syndrome and 79 healthy patients, the mean uric acid level of the metabolic syndrome group (5.22±1.39mg/dl) was significantly higher than that of the control group (4.35±1.11mg/dl) (p&lt;0.01). With the ROC curve, the uric acid cut-off value for detecting metabolic syndrome incidence was found to be 5.45mg/dl (specificity 89.9%; sensitivity 51.6%). Its positive predictive value was 86%, and its negative predictive value was 60.7%. The mean HSCRP levels of the metabolic syndrome group (4.72±3.54mg/L) were found to be significantly higher than the control group (3.30±3.21mg/L) (p&lt;0.01). Conclusion: Serum uric acid and HSCRP levels in the study group with metabolic syndrome were significantly higher than in the control group. This syndrome, which is very common today, can lead to various outcomes in terms of mortality and morbidity; when the early diagnosis is delayed, it constitutes an important part of health expenditures. We believe that early diagnosis with laboratory parameters that can be very practical in daily practice will prevent metabolic syndrome complications. Keywords : Metabolic syndrome, obesity, systemic inflammation, uric acid, HSCRP

Assessment of progranulin and FAM19A5 protein blood levels in patients with metabolic syndrome.

Progranulin and family with sequence similarity 19, member A5 (FAM19A5) protein are adipokines with growing importance in the context of metabolic diseases. The study aimed to determine the serum concentration of progranulin and FAM19A5 in people with metabolic syndrome (MS) compared to those without MS. The concentration of progranulin and FAM19A5 was determined in 45 people with MS (group A) and in 35 healthy people without MS (group B). Body composition analysis, blood pressure, blood oxygen saturation and anthropometric measurements were performed. There were no differences in the blood levels of progranulin and FAM19A5 between the groups. In group A, the level of progranulin was 29.25±36.92 pg/ml and in group B it was 46.00±60.12pg/ml (p=0.2693). The level of FAM19A5 was 163.16±55.11 pg/ml and 197.57±112.89 pg/ml (p=0.1341) in subjects with and without metabolic syndrome, respectively. In group A, there was a correlation between FAM19A5 and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (R= -0.40) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level (R= -0.37). In group B, correlations were found between progranulin and waist circumference (R= -0.43) and progranulin and triglyceride (TG) levels (R= -0.42). Both groups together showed correlations between progranulin level and body mass index (R= -0.24), HDL (R=0.25) and TG levels (R= -0.25) and between FAM19A5 level and DBP (R= -0.34). In conclusion, patients with and without MS do not differ in the range of progranulin and FAM19A5 serum levels. In patients with MS, elevated FAM19A5 serum levels may be an indicator of dyslipidaemia development. FAM19A5 appears to be a better predictor of MS than progranulin.

Influence of diabetes and hypercholesterolemia on laboratory methods for hereditary spherocytosis diagnosis.

IntroductionHereditary spherocytosis (HS) is characterized by decreased erythrocyte deformability resulting in hemolytic anemia. This is a heterogeneous disease regarding underlying protein deficiency, disease severity, age at diagnosis and clinical course. Although largely considered as pediatric disease, HS could be initially diagnosed also in elder patients as a result of gallstones or splenomegaly fortuitous finding. Concurrently, common adulthood metabolic disorders like diabetes or dyslipidemia are also known to impair RBC rheology and deformability. Therefore, we aimed to investigate if these diseases affect the screening and diagnostic tools used for HS diagnosis.MethodsWe applied our workflow for HS diagnosis on 95 pathological samples: 29 patients with diabetes, 20 with hypercholesterolemia, 17 with dyslipidemia, 6 with hypertriglyceridemia, 23 with metabolic syndrome (MS). Thus, a total of 73 samples were analyzed by automated reticulocyte analysis, 52 by cryohemolysis test, and 41 by ektacytometry osmoscan analysis as we used two out of the three tests for each individual sample.ResultsApplying our screening algorithm based on automated reticulocyte indices, a total of 4 samples (4.2%): one sample (5%) from the diabetes group and three samples (16.7%) from the MS group, positioned into the HS zone. However, no significant difference was found between any of the pathological groups and the controls for the cryohemolysis test or the osmoscan.ConclusionWhile diabetes and hypercholesterolemia are pathologic conditions known to present with decreased erythrocyte deformability and disturbed rheology, their possible concomitant presence with HS would not interfere with the screening and confirmatory laboratory methods.

Relationship of Inflammatory Markers and Metabolic Syndrome in Postmenopausal Women.

The increased deposition of visceral fat in the postmenopause period increases the production of inflammatory cytokines and the release of tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and decrease in IL-10. This study investigated the relationship between inflammatory biomarkers and metabolic syndrome (MS) in postmenopausal women considering different diagnostic criteria. We conducted a cross-sectional observational study based on STROBE. Data were collected regarding the diagnostic criteria for MS (International Diabetes Federation; NCEP (International Diabetes Federation (IDF), National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP-III), and Harmonized criteria), body composition, comorbidities, time without menstruation, values of IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α. ANOVA, Kruskal–Wallis, Levene tests, ROC, and odds ratio were performed to analyze the data. The results showed no significant difference between the methods and no interaction between the method and the presence of MS. However, for the values of WC, body fat percentage, TNF-α, and IL-10/TNF-α ratio, a significant effect of MS was observed. In subjects with MS, lower values of body fat percentage and TNF-α and higher values of the IL-10/TNF-α ratio were also observed. The higher IL-10/TNF-α ratio in the MS group is related to the greater anti-inflationary action of IL-10. The IL-10/TNF-α ratio showed significant accuracy to discriminate patients with MS according to the NCEP-ATP III criteria.

Metabolic Syndrome is an Independent Risk Factor for Fuhrman Grade and TNM Stage of Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma.

BackgroundMore and more evidences show that metabolic syndrome (MS) is closely related to clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), but the impact of MS on Fuhrman grade and TNM stage of ccRCC is rarely reported.PurposeTo explore the relationship between MS and its components of Fuhrman grade and TNM stage in ccRCC.ObjectiveThe clinical data of 247 patients with ccRCC diagnosed in our hospital from January 2016 to November 2020 were retrospectively collected and analyzed. Based on diagnostic criteria of MS, the patients were divided into MS and non-MS group. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the independent risk factors of ccRCC.ResultsThe incidence of MS was 32.79% (81/247). There was no significant difference in age, gender, smoking and drinking between MS group and non-MS group (P > 0.05). In MS group, BMI ≥25kg/m2, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, tumor diameter, poorly differentiated renal cancer, high-stage renal cancer, triglyceride, fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, fasting insulin and homeostasis model assessment index were significantly higher than those in non-MS group (P < 0.001), while in high density lipoprotein cholesterol (p < 0.005), islet beta cell secretory index (P < 0.001), well-differentiated renal cell carcinoma (P= 0.009), and low-stage renal cell carcinoma (P = 0.019) were significantly lower than that of non-MS group. Logistic regression analysis showed that hypertension (P = 0.005), diabetes (P = 0.012), hyperlipidemia (P = 0.021) are independent risk factors for Fuhrman grade of ccRCC, while diabetes (P = 0.002), hyperlipidemia (P = 0.007) are independent risk factors for TNM staging of ccRCC.ConclusionThe patients with ccRCC and MS had higher Fuhrman grade and TNM stage. MS is an independent risk factor for Fuhrman grade and TNM stage of ccRCC.

A CROSS -SECTIONAL STUDY OF METABOLIC SYNDROME IN HYPOTHYROID PATIENTS

Hypothyroidism and metabolic syndrome are well-associated risk factors for atherogenic cardiovascular disease. Insulin resistance, being a common pathogenic mechanism in both, can cause a considerable overlap between hypothyroid and metabolic syndrome population. This crosssectional study was intended to assess the thyroid function in patients with metabolic syndrome and to investigate the association between hypothyroidism and metabolic syndrome.One hundred patients with metabolic syndrome as per National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel (NCEPATP) III criteria and 50 controls (0 out of 5 criteria) attending the internal medicine outpatient clinic were included in the study. Patients were subjected to anthropometry, evaluation of vital parameters, and lipid and thyroid prole, along with other routine laboratory parameters. Students' "t" test, Chi-square test, linear regression, and multiple logistic regression models were used for statistical analysis. P value &lt;0.05 was considered signicant.Body mass index, waist circumference, mean systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, fasting blood sugar, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were signicantly higher, and free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were signicantly lower in the study group compared to the control group. In the metabolic syndrome group, 22 had subclinical hypothyroidism (22%), 4 were overtly hypothyroid (4%), and 74 were euthyroid (74%). Subclinical hypothyroidism was signicantly associated with metabolic syndrome group (P = 0.032). There was signicant linear association between TSH levels and total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol across the metabolic syndrome group in the linear regression model. Multiple logistic regression analysis recognized the association between body mass index with subclinical hypothyroidism (P= 0.006) in the metabolic syndrome group

Predictive Value of Serum Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Complicated with Metabolic Syndrome in Elderly Patients

The aim was to investigate the predictive value of serum lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) complicated with metabolic syndrome (MS) in elderly patients. A total of 296 patients with T2DM admitted from January 2019 to January 2021 were enrolled and assigned to MS group (n = 181) and non-MS group (n = 115). Their clinical data and laboratory test results were compared. Logistic regression analysis was employed to identify independent risk factors for MS in T2DM patients. Spearman's analysis was utilized to explore the correlations between serum Lp-PLA2 level and detection indicators. The predictive value of Lp-PLA2 for MS was analyzed by plotting receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and Cox regression model was applied to explore the correlation of serum Lp-PLA2 level with MS. The results of data subjected to multivariate analysis were used to construct prediction models. The incidence rate of MS was 61.15% in T2DM patients. MS group had a significantly higher serum level of Lp-PLA2 than non-MS group (p < 0.05). Serum Lp-PLA2 was significantly positively correlated to FBG, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), FINS, and HOMA-IR, but significantly negatively associated with LDL-C (p < 0.05). The area under the ROC curve of Lp-PLA2 for predicting MS in T2DM patients was 0.724 (95% CI: 0.625 - 0.826, p < 0.05). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of Lp-PLA2 with an optimal cutoff value of 82.96 ng/mL were 73.7%, 85.4%, 77.56%, and 93.24%, respectively. TC, TG, HDL-C, HbA1c, and Lp-PLA2 were independent risk factors for MS (p < 0.05). The area under the ROC curve of the risk prediction model established based on these indicators was 0.823, and the cutoff value, Youden index, sensitivity, and specificity were 0.219, 0.656, 78.87%, and 87.66%, respectively, indicating higher predictive value. Increased serum Lp-PLA2 level is an independent risk factor for MS in T2DM patients. Lp-PLA2 (82.87 ng/mL) has high predictive value for MS.

The Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome among Adult Filipinos with Hypothyroidism: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Background and Objectives. Dyslipidemia in hypothyroidism results from the effects of thyroid hormones on lipid metabolism. These, in combination with hypothyroidism-induced hemodynamic changes, are risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases. We determined the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) among adult Filipinos with hypothyroidism and compared clinical and laboratory characteristics of those with versus without MS. Methods. This is a retrospective study of 105 patients with biochemically confirmed hypothyroidism. A review of records obtained anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, lipid profile, and thyroid hormones. Clinical and laboratory characteristics were then compared between MS and those without. Significant differences were determined by two-way ANOVA, while heterogeneity of categorical variables was determined by chi-square or Fisher exact test. All data analyses were performed using Stata version 17.0 with a significance level of p&lt;0.05. Results. The prevalence of MS is 36.19% (95%CI: 27.04%,46.15%). Body mass index (BMI) peaks at obese class I among those with MS. There is a significantly higher proportion of patients diagnosed to have diabetes (28.95% vs. 7.46%; p=0.003) and hypertension (52.63% vs. 14.93%; p&lt;0.001) in the MS group. No significant differences were noted between groups regarding age, sex, etiology of hypothyroidism, blood pressure, fasting glucose, lipid profile, and thyroid hormone levels. Conclusion. Our study showed that the prevalence of MS in adult Filipinos with hypothyroidism is increased at 36.19%. Only BMI, presence of diabetes, and hypertension were shown to be significantly higher. Emphasis must be placed on early screening among hypothyroid patients at high risk of developing MS. A prospective study using waist circumference and clinical and metabolic parameters is needed to validate these findings.

Implementation of the Inter-facility Protocol Including a Company, a Health Insurance Organization, and a Health Check-up Facility Could Improve a Completion Rate of Specific Health Guidance, the Dietary and Exercise Educational Program Provided under the Workplace Annual Health Check-up for a High-risk Group of Metabolic Syndrome, to Nearly One Hundred Percent in a Large-scale Group Organization

Implementation of the Inter-facility Protocol Including a Company, a Health Insurance Organization, and a Health Check-up Facility Could Improve a Completion Rate of Specific Health Guidance, the Dietary and Exercise Educational Program Provided under the Workplace Annual Health Check-up for a High-risk Group of Metabolic Syndrome, to Nearly One Hundred Percent in a Large-scale Group Organization

Echocardiographic Evaluation of Diastolic Dysfunction among Menopausal Women: A Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: Heart Failure with Normal Ejection Fraction (HFNEF), also known as Diastolic Heart Failure (DHF), has been well-studied since the past two decades. The signs of HFNEF are signs of heart failure and abnormal ventricular filling pressure with normal systolic function. A Metabolic Syndrome (MS) is a clustering of metabolic risk factors. Cardiovascular disease caused by metabolic syndrome includes vascular and myocardial abnormalities such as diastolic dysfunction and relaxation abnormalities. Aim: To study the assosciation between the timing of menopause and Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction (LVDD) in those with and without MS. Materials And Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the period between December 2021 to June 2022 at the Department of Cardiology in A.C.S Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. All female patients that underwent a medical examination were selected for the study. Postmenopausal women without overt heart diseases (such as a history of heart valve disease or myocardial infarction, or a prior LV ejection fraction &gt; 50%) were included. This study included 80 patients grouped into two: those with and without MS. The MS group included 30 subjects divided into two subgroups: those who experienced menopause at or before 50 years of age (early menopause group) and those who experienced menopause at or after 50 years of age (late menopause group). Out of 80, 50 participants were divided into early menopause and late menopause groups among women without MS. This study analyse the evolution of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD), assessed by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), in 80 postmenopausal women with and without MS. Independent t-tests was applied to assess the association between the timing of menopause and LVDD. Results: The mean age was 60±7.3 years in women with MS and 62±8.8 years in women without MS. There were no significant differences in the duration since menopause between the postmenopausal women with and without MS. No significant difference was found between the two groups (early vs. late menopause group) with respect to any diastolic parameter, including Early (E) and Late (A), E/A ratio, and E/e in women with MS. In postmenopausal women without MS, there was a significant difference in diastolic parameters including the A, early diastolic annular velocity (e’), ratio of early diastolic transmitral flow velocity to annular flow velocity was calculated (E/e’) between the two groups (early vs. late menopause group). In comparison to patients with MS, patients without the condition had significantly lower early peak mitral inflow velocity (E, p-value=0.019), early diastolic mitral annulus motion velocity (e’-septal, p-value=0.05), late peak mitral inflow velocity ratio (E/A, p-value=0.07), and LV filling pressure values (E/e, p-value=0.02). Conclusion: Early menopause impacts diastolic function in postmenopausal women and LVDD progression in women without MS. LVDD progression in women with MS was unaffected by early menopause.

Effects of different exercise loads on serum betatrophin (ANGPTL-8/lipasin) and cartonectin (CTRP-3) levels in metabolic syndrome

Abstract Objectives The number of studies examining the circulating level change of betatrophin and cartonectin in metabolic syndrome applying different loads of exercise is limited. The purpose of the present study was to investigate how different loads of exercises regulate the betatrophin and cartonectin levels in metabolic syndrome induced rats. Methods A total of 24 Wistar-Albino male rats were used in the study. Rats were divided into four groups as follows; G1: control group (fed with standard diet and tap water), G2: metabolic syndrome group (without exercise application), G3: metabolic syndrome + aerobic exercise group (aerobic exercise applied), G4: metabolic syndrome + anaerobic exercise group (anaerobic exercise applied). Betatrophin and Cartonectin levels were determined by ELISA method in serum samples. Results There was a statistically significant difference in betatrophin levels between the groups and this differentiation was caused by G2 (p &lt;0.05). Cartonectin levels were not significantly different between groups (p&gt; 0.05). Conclusions It can be concluded that anaerobic exercises have more positive effects on glucose balance in metabolic syndrome than aerobic exercises, and by regulating betatrophin levels, anaerobic exercises indicate this effect.