Metabolic Syndrome In General Population Research Articles

Association between rheumatoid factor and metabolic syndrome in general population

BackgroundRheumatoid arthritis, metabolic syndrome (MS) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are mutually connected. We aim to investigate the association between rheumatoid factor (RF) and MS in general population, explore the potential value of RF for assessment of metabolic status, and further provide a reference to the establishment of CVD primary prevention for this population.MethodsWe assessed the health check-up subjects, accordance with the inclusive criteria, from 1 January 2015 to 31 October 2021 in a large refereed general hospital, in this retrospective study. Subjects were categorized into four groups according to their levels of RF. Multivariate logistic regression models along with the Odds ratio (OR) and Confidence interval (CI) values were used to measure the association between RF and MS.ResultsA total of 13,690 subjects were analyzed. Prevalence of MS increased with RF level (P for trend < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that, after adjusting for multiple covariates, RF level was significantly associated with MS prevalence (highest RF quartile: OR, 1.420; 95% CI 1.275,1.581, according to the revised National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria; OR, 2.355; 95% CI 2.085,2.660, according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria) (both P for trends < 0.001). Among the MS components, there were evidence of increasing trends for overweight/obesity (highest RF quartile: OR, 3.165; 95% CI 2.827,3.543) and hypertension (highest RF quartile: OR, 1.722; 95% CI 1.549,1.914) (both P for trends < 0.001), but decreasing trend for low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (highest RF quartile: OR, 0.245; 95% CI 0.214,0.281) (P for trend < 0.001), with increasing RF quartiles.ConclusionsRF level is associated with MS prevalence in general population. RF might be a valuable biomarker for assessment of metabolic status in this population. We should be aware of the cardiovascular risk for the higher-RF subjects.

Metabolic Syndrome in a Population of In-Patients with Schizophrenia in the Western Siberia

Background. The relevance of this work is due to the incomplete nature of existing studies on risk factors of metabolic syndrome (MS) in patients with schizophrenia. Aim: to study the MS prevalence in schizophrenia in-patients and their clinical, therapeutic and socio-demographic features. Patients and methods: 517 in-patients diagnosed with schizophrenia according to the ICD-10 criteria were examined. All patients underwent a structured clinical interview (SCID); measurement of waist circumference, blood pressure and assessment of biochemical parameters for verification of MS based on the criteria of the IDF (International Diabetes Fediration). An assessment of the severity of clinical and psychopathological symptoms was performed using the PANSS. Results: the prevalence of MS in in-patients with schizophrenia in the Western Siberia is similar to that reported in the literature. It was found that in-patients with schizophrenia and MS are characterized by a predominance of women and older age, as well as a large proportion of divorced, and a smaller proportion of never married. Women with MS were older, got longer duration of illness, and got later onset of disease than men with MS. The age of disease onset was significantly greater in patients with MS than in patients without MS. Atypical antipsychotics were more often used as the basic antipsychotic treatment in the group of patients with MS but this difference between the groups did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: the main risk factors in patients with schizophrenia and MS coincide with risk factors of MS in general population. A later onset of the disease can act as an independent risk factor. The relationship and mutual influence of risk factors for the development of MS in patients with schizophrenia needs further study.

The relationship between visit-to-visit variability in blood pressure and incidence of metabolic syndrome: a general population-based cohort study in Korea

BackgroundPrevious studies demonstrated that visit-to-visit variability of blood pressure (BP) has significant relationship with cardiovascular disease. Visit-to-visit variability in BP might have prognostic value for cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of visit-to-visit variability in BP on development of metabolic syndrome in general population without cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and BP medication.MethodWe used data from the Korean Genome Epidemiology Study conducted by the Korean Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. All cohorts who were followed first 3 periods formed the basis of the study sample, which consisted of 7195 people. Of these samples, 3431 subjects who had cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, or metabolic syndrome were excluded, and 312 subjects who were using antihypertensive medication in first 3 periods were excluded. Our final study sample consisted of 3452 cohorts.ResultsThe mean age was 53.5 (8.25) years. The proportion of male was 50.2%. Average follow-up duration was 5.91 (0.17) years. In generalized estimating equation, the development of metabolic syndrome was associated with mean systolic BP (SBP) (Odd ratio (OR) 1.042, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.035–1.048, p < 0.001), mean diastolic BP (DBP) (OR 1.058, 95% CI 1.049–1.069, p < 0.001), standard deviation (SD) of SBP (OR 1.036, 95% CI 1.017–1.055, p < 0.001), SD of DBP (OR 1.053, 95% CI 1.027–1.080, p < 0.001), and coefficient of variation (CV) of DBP (OR 1.025, 95% CI 1.005–1.046, p = 0.016) after adjusted for age, sex, and metabolic syndrome component. When mean SBP, mean DBP, SBP variability, and DBP variability were entered all together in the analysis model, SD of DBP (OR 1.033, 95% CI 1.003–1.063, p = 0.030) and CV of DBP (OR 1.027, 95% CI 1.004–1.051, p = 0.020) were significantly associated with the development of metabolic syndrome.ConclusionIn general population without cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and BP medication, SD of DBP and CV of DBP was associated with the development of metabolic syndrome. Visit-to-visit variability in DBP might be helpful for the prediction of future metabolic syndrome development.

To evaluate the cases of metabolic syndrome in general population

Background: The present study was conducted to evaluate the cases of metabolic syndrome in general population. Materials & Methods: This study was conducted on 76 metabolic syndrome patients. All patients subjected to fasting blood sugars and fasting lipid profile level measurements. Blood pressure was also recorded. Results: In group I, there were 46 males and 30 females and in group II, there were 41 males and 35 females. In group I, 78% patients had hypertension while in group II, 24% had hypertension. The difference was significant (P

Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity and metabolic syndrome in general population: the APAC study.

BackgroundMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is correlated with arterial stiffness and can be evaluated by brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV). We investigated potential associations between MetS and baPWV in a Chinese community population.MethodsThe community-based Asymptomatic Polyvascular Abnormalities in Community study examined asymptomatic polyvascular abnormalities in a Chinese population aged ≥40 years. The relationship between MetS and its components and baPWV was analyzed by multivariate logistic and linear regression models.ResultsOut of 5181 study participants, 1271 subjects (24.53%) had MetS. Mean values of baPWV in subjects with 0, 1, 2,3, 4, and 5 components of MetS were 1430, 1526, 1647, 1676,1740, and 1860 cm/s, respectively (p < 0.001 for trend). After adjusting for confounding risk factors, MetS was significantly associated with baPWV (odds ratio [OR]: 2.74; 95% CI: 2.28, 3.30). Among the five components of MetS, elevated blood pressure was the most important factor for baPWV. All models of multivariate linear regression analysis showed a significant positive correlation between the increasing numbers of MetS components and baPWV (p < 0.0001).ConclusionsbaPWV was associated with MetS and was greater with increasing numbers of MetS components. Elevated blood pressure was the most important factor for baPWV.

Relationship between type D personality and metabolic syndrome in general population of the Kemerovo region (results of the ESSE-RF epidemiological study)

Objective. To study prevalence of type D personality and examine the relationship with metabolic syndrome (MS) in general population of the Kemerovo region. Design and methods. A randomized sample was selected from general population in Kemerovo region within the multicentre observational trial «Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases in the Regions of Russian Federation — ESSE-RF», including 1 610 subjects (response was more than 80%). The mean age was 45,8 ± 11,9 years, gender distribution was the following: women — 918 (57%), men — 692 (43%). They were divided into two groups: patients with type D personality (n = 231) and patients without type D (n = 1379). Psychological status was assessed by the questionnaire DS‑14. MS was defined according to the recommendations of the experts of the Russian Scientific Society of Cardiology (2009). Results. MS was detected in 406 (25,2%) patients. The presence of type D personality was associated with the more than twofold increase in the risk of MS and its components, such as obesity and hypertension. Conclusions. Predisposition to the MS may be one of the factors explaining the association between type D personality and poorer cardiovascular prognosis.

A Study on Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence among Master Health Checkup Subjects

Background and Objectives: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is increasing among Indians. Early screening is the only way to recognize metabolic syndrome. There are only few evidences available about the magnitude of metabolic syndrome among master health checkup patients. With this background the present study assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in master health subjects. Methods: 105 patients was undergone master health checkup at Chennai Medical College Hospital and Research Centre during the month of June 2014 and they were enrolled for this present study. Blood pressure, fasting blood glucose level, high density lipoprotein, triglycerides were measured after overnight fasting. Anthropometric measurements such as height, weight, waist circumference and hip circumference also measured. The results were analyzed statistically. Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome among master health checkup subjects was found 28.5%. Among 20% males (21) and 8.5% (9) were females. The most common feature of the metabolic syndrome among master health checkup subjects was abdominal obesity (30), high blood pressure (21), increased fasting blood sugar (24), low levels of high density lipoproteins (24), and high level of triglycerides (19). The prevalence among the age groups was 6.6% among 30-40years, 13.3% among 41-50years, 6.6% among 51-60 and 1.9% among 61-75years. Interpretations and Conclusions: The presentation of metabolic syndrome is asymptomatic and incidental, screening is the only way to identify the individual and address the issues. Measuring the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in general population in the form of master health checkup is one of the key to assess the early identification and also to plan for early prevention in the form of lifestyle modification, dietary intervention. Key Words: Metabolic Syndrome, Fasting blood glucose, Lipoprotein, Triglycerides, Prevalence

Relationship between self-reported sleep quality and metabolic syndrome in general population.

BackgroundTo examine an association between self-reported sleep quality determined by Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and metabolic syndrome.MethodsThis study was designed as cross-sectional study. Participants were 1481 adults aged 20 years and above from general population (549 males and 932 females). We assessed the global sleep quality by PSQI. PSQI consists of 7 elements, i.e. subjective sleep quality, sleep latency (prolonged sleep onset time), sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency (proportion of hours slept to hours spent in bed), sleep disturbance (interruption of sleep), use of sleep medication and daytime dysfunction (trouble staying awake while engaging in social activity). Any participants with score of 6 or more are diagnosed to have sleep disorder. We also assessed the above 7 elements, which consisted of a four-grade system (i.e. 0, 1, 2, 3). Metabolic syndrome consisted of abdominal obesity, hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance and dyslipidemia. Diagnosis of metabolic syndrome was done when the participants have abdominal obesity and meet two or more other components. All analyses were adjusted by age, drinking habit, smoking habit, working hours, exercise habit and depression.ResultsFifty-two male participants (9.5%) and 133 female (14.3%) scored 6 or more points in global PSQI score. The global PSQI score, sleep latency score and sleep disturbance score of participants with metabolic syndrome were higher level than those without the condition (p < 0.001, p = 0.009, p = 0.025 for male and p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.002 for females, respectively). The odds ratio of metabolic syndrome among participants with PSQI score of 6 or more points were 2.37 (95% confidence interval: 1.23-4.58) for males and 2.71 (1.45-5.07) for females in contrast to those with 5 or less points. The odds ratio of metabolic syndrome with sleep latency score of 2 was 2.65 (1.14-6.15) for male and 3.82 (1.81-8.09) for females in contrast with those of 0. The odds ratio of metabolic syndrome with sleep disturbance score of 1 was 1.76 (1.09-2.86) for males and 2.43 (1.26-4.69) for females in contrast with those of 0.ConclusionsGlobal PSQI score and its components (especially, sleep latency and sleep disturbance) were associated with metabolic syndrome.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; a part of the metabolic syndrome in the renal transplant recipient and possible cause of an allograft dysfunction

Despite all improvements in transplant medicine, renal transplant recipients have a high risk for cardiovascular mortality. A high prevalence of cardiovascular complications in renal transplant recipients (RTR) is explained by cardiovascular risk factors present before transplantation, in addition to the development of new risk factors as well as worsening of preexisting risk factors after transplantation. A majority ot these patients develop metabolic syndrome within a year after the transplantation. The metabolic syndrome (MS) is associated with impaired renal allograft function and increased insulin resistance. Non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a liver manifestation of metabolic syndrome and it development is strongly associated with all components of MS in general population. The current importance of NAFLD and its link to the MS has encouraged an interest in its possible role in the development of atherosclerosis in recent years. Considering the fact that all components of MS are more common among renal transplant recipients compared to general population, it would be expected that RTR may have a much higher incidence of NAFLD compared to general population. We propose that the presence of NAFLD in RTR could be a strong predictor in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Also, according to the recent investigations about the possible link between NAFLD and chronic kidney disease, we hypothesis that NAFLD may be associated with deteriorating graft function, causing a chronic allograft nephropathy and graft loss. Common factors underlying the pathogenesis of NAFLD and chronic allograft dysfunction may be insulin resistance, oxidative stress, activation of rennin–angiotensin system, and inappropriate secretion of inflammatory cytokines by steatotic and inflamed liver.

Serum levels of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) are an independent determinant of insulin resistance in patients with essential hypertension

We have previously found that serum level of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is increased in proportion to the accumulation of the number of components of metabolic syndrome in general population. However, the link between PEDF and insulin resistance in hypertensive patients remains unclear. We investigated here whether serum PEDF level was associated with insulin resistance in hypertensive patients. Ninety-seven consecutive outpatients with essential hypertension underwent a complete history and physical examination, determination of blood chemistries, including serum PEDF. In multiple regression analyses, BMI, age (inversely) and PEDF were independently correlated with homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). When age- and sex-adjusted PEDF levels were stratified by HOMA-IR tertiles, a linear and significant trend was observed. These results demonstrated that serum level of PEDF was an independent determinant of HOMA-IR in patients with essential hypertension. PEDF may play a role in insulin resistance in hypertensive patients.

Calpain-5 gene variants are associated with diastolic blood pressure and cholesterol levels

BackgroundGenes implicated in common complex disorders such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or cardiovascular diseases are not disease specific, since clinically related disorders also share genetic components. Cysteine protease Calpain 10 (CAPN10) has been associated with T2DM, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, increased body mass index (BMI) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a reproductive disorder of women in which isunlin resistance seems to play a pathogenic role. The calpain 5 gene (CAPN5) encodes a protein homologue of CAPN10. CAPN5 has been previously associated with PCOS by our group. In this new study, we have analysed the association of four CAPN5 gene variants(rs948976A>G, rs4945140G>A, rs2233546C>T and rs2233549G>A) with several cardiovascular risk factors related to metabolic syndrome in general population.MethodsAnthropometric measurements, blood pressure, insulin, glucose and lipid profiles were determined in 606 individuals randomly chosen from a cross-sectional population-based epidemiological survey in the province of Segovia in Central Spain (Castille), recruited to investigate the prevalence of anthropometric and physiological parameters related to obesity and other components of the metabolic syndrome. Genotypes at the four polymorphic loci in CAPN5 gene were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).ResultsGenotype association analysis was significant for BMI (p ≤ 0.041), diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.015) and HDL-cholesterol levels (p = 0.025). Different CAPN5 haplotypes were also associated with diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (0.0005 ≤ p ≤ 0.006) and total cholesterol levels (0.001 ≤ p ≤ 0.029). In addition, the AACA haplotype, over-represented in obese individuals, is also more frequent in individuals with metabolic syndrome defined by ATPIII criteria (p = 0.029).ConclusionAs its homologue CAPN10, CAPN5 seems to influence traits related to increased risk for cardiovascular diseases. Our results also may suggest CAPN5 as a candidate gene for metabolic syndrome.