Effects Meta-analysis Research Articles

I am what I am: A meta-analysis of the association between substance user identities and substance use-related outcomes.

Research indicates that a substance user identity (i.e., drinking, smoking, and marijuana identity) is positively correlated with substance use-related outcomes (e.g., frequency, quantity, consequences, and disorder symptoms). The current study aimed to meta-analytically derive single, weighted effect size estimates of the identity-outcome association as well as to examine moderators (e.g., substance use type, explicit/implicit assessment, demographic characteristics, and research design) of this association. Random effects meta-analysis was conducted on 70 unique samples that assessed substance user identity and at least one substance use-related outcome (frequency, quantity, consequences, and/or disorder symptoms), and provided the necessary information for effect size calculations. Substance user identity was found to be a statistically significant moderate-to-large correlate of all substance use-related outcomes examined in the current study (r w = .365, p < .001, rw² = .133). The strongest associations were observed between identity and disorder symptoms (alcohol) and frequency of substance use (tobacco or marijuana). In terms of moderators of the identity-outcome association, the link between explicit drinking identity and alcohol use-related outcomes appeared to be stronger in magnitude than the relationship between implicit drinking identity and alcohol use-related outcomes; however, this difference appears to be largely due to the finding that implicit measures have lower reliability. The strongest identity-outcome association was observed among younger individuals. Substance user identity is clearly an important correlate of substance use-related outcomes and this association is stronger among younger individuals. Additional theoretical, empirical, and intervention research is needed to utilize knowledge gleaned from the current study on the identity-outcome association. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

태권도 수련의 유·무가 신체적 자기효능감에 미치는 영향에 대한 메타분석

태권도 수련의 유·무가 신체적 자기효능감에 미치는 영향에 대한 메타분석

Equity Trends in Mathematics Education: A Content Analysis of Meta-analytic Research

The purpose of this quantitative content analysis (QCA) was to characterize equity-related trends in meta-analyses of mathematics education studies. An a priori keyword search and retrieval process produced an initial pool of 156 studies. After applying the prescribed inclusion criteria, the initial pool of studies was reduced to a final sample of 32 studies. These studies were coded and analyzed as part of the QCA. The coding and analysis were guided by a critical quantitative research lens, which examines how numeric trends can help to unpack systemic and systematic practices that support the agenda of the dominant cultural group. The results indicate that 62.5 percent of the reviewed studies lacked an equity focus, while most equity-focused meta-analyses examined challenges related to student ability. Moreover, 14 out of the 16 or 87.5 percent of the equity-related moderators had a statistically significant influence on effect size variance. The results of this study suggest that across most mathematics education meta-analytic studies effect size magnitude is impacted by equity-related moderators that are often absent. The researchers provide implications for meta-analytic thinking and equitable research praxis in mathematics education.

스포츠 스폰서십 효과 메타 분석 : 주요 이론과 소비자 반응을 중심으로

스포츠 스폰서십 효과 메타 분석 : 주요 이론과 소비자 반응을 중심으로

Meta-analysis of hail netting effect on fruit firmness in ‘Fuji’ apple

Meta-analysis of hail netting effect on fruit firmness in ‘Fuji’ apple

발달지체유아 심리운동 중재 단일대상연구 효과성에 대한 메타분석

본 연구는 단일대상 연구방법으로 수행된 발달지체유아의 심리운동 중재의 효과성을 GetData Graph Digitizer 2.26 프로그램(Tau-U)을 사용하여 객관적이고 체계적으로 분석하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 2008년부터 2020년 12월까지 국내 석·박사 학위논문 및 학술지에 출판된 14편의 전체 평균 효과크기, 유지를 보고하지 않은 한 편을 제외한 13편의 유지 전체 평균 효과크기, 중재변인 평균 효과크기, 중재목적의 평균 효과크기를 분석하였다. 그 결과 첫째, 발달지체유아의 심리운동 중재 단일대상연구의 전체 평균 효과크기는 .67, 유지 전체 평균 효과크기는 .73로 중간 중재 효과로 나타났다. 둘째, 분석대상의 출판 편향은 없었으며 중재변인별로 분석한 결과 출판유형과 중재변인별 효과크기는 유의미한 차이가 없었으며, 전 영역에 대체적으로 효과크기는 높은 것으로 나타났다. 연도별 효과크기는 2008년이 .99로 가장 높게 나타났고, 중재목적의 효과크기는 신체가 .96로 높게 나타났다. 다만, 타당도를 제시하지 않은 연구가 많이 나타나 향후 보강될 필요가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이와 같이 본 연구에서는 선행된 단일대상연구의 효과성에 대한 메타분석을 통하여 개별연구들의 기초선과 중재구간의 효과크기를 객관적으로 제시하였고, 향후 발달지체유아를 대상으로 한 심리운동 중재 단일대상 연구의 중요성을 부각시켰으며 과학적 연구방향을 모색하였다.

학교부적응청소년을 위한 미술치료 프로그램 효과에 관한 메타분석

본 연구는 학교부적응청소년을 대상으로 한 미술치료 프로그램의 효과성을 살펴보고, 미술 치료 프로그램의 여러 변인에 따른 특성을 파악하여 보다 효과적인 학교부적응청소년을 위한 미술치료 프로그램을 개발하기 위한 이론적 근거를 마련하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 2000년부터 2020년 6월까지 국내에서 발표된 논문 18편을 추출하여 무선효과모형 분석(random-effect model)을 실시한 결과 학교부적응청소년을 위한 미술치료 프로그램의 효과크기는 1.335로 매우 큰 효과크기를 나타냈다. 또한, 학교부적응청소년을 위한 미술치료 프로그램 구성요소별 하위 집단분석과 조절효과분석을 실시하였다. 하위집단분석 결과 출판형태를 제외한 학급별, 매체선 정기준에 따른 효과크기에는 차이가 있었으며, 조절효과분석을 통해 프로그램의 참여자수, 회 기 수, 회기별 시간, 주별 회기 수는 학교부적응청소년을 위한 미술치료 프로그램 효과에 영향 을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다.

Commentary on Martínez‐Loredo et al.: Where do we go from here? Increasing the clinical utility of alcohol purchase tasks by expanding our definition of constraint

Alcohol purchase tasks provide clinically meaningful indices of motivation to consume alcohol by measuring decisions to consume alcohol across price constraints. The convergent validity of these tasks could be enhanced by extending the definition of constraints to include clinically relevant contextual factors that could help to inform ideographic treatment approaches. Imagine a Friday night pre-pandemic. You are attending a concert with your closest companions. Before the show starts, you meander to the bar to buy a drink. While you review the menu, you overhear the bartender say that drinks will cost $10 each. How many would you purchase? What if drinks only cost $5? $2? Many of us have experienced these moments. We might be willing to buy three drinks when they are $5, but only one at the $10 price. Of course, we all know of someone who refuses to pay more for a single beer than what it would cost in a six-pack (those hyper-rational agents). What about those infrequent, but remarkable circumstances where drinks are free, such as at a wedding, or a university party? Now, imagine you are home alone and have an important event the next morning—how many drinks would you have under these circumstances? These real-life scenarios demonstrate a fundamental concept in behavioral theory: as the costs of alcohol increase, choices to purchase and consume alcohol decrease, and both the amount of consumption in the absence of constraints and the degree to which constraints influence choice can serve as markers of alcohol value. Borrowing from economic theory, behavioral scientists have developed alcohol purchase tasks (APTs) modeled after laboratory progressive ratio tasks (and real-life choices) to measure this alcohol value, or alcohol demand. Demand indices incorporate data across constraints and should theoretically serve as robust predictors of extended periods of observable real-life behavior. Martínez-Loredo and colleagues [1] update previous meta-analytical effect sizes [2], demonstrating a robust association between alcohol demand indices and alcohol consumption, problems, and heavy drinking. Intensity (consumption under no constraints) demonstrated uniquely robust utility in predicating alcohol problems. Opportunities for unconstrained drinking may be relatively infrequent (e.g. parties, weddings) and thus may be difficult to predict based on standard assessments of drinking. However, these ‘high-intensity’ drinking episodes can be extremely risky and are thus important to account for in models of alcohol problem severity used to inform alcohol interventions. Intensity may be a useful index in predicting risk for these high-intensity drinking events over time, and should be examined in future research. An additional unique utility of APTs may lie in their dynamic measurement of fluctuations in alcohol valuation due to intentional modeling of behavior across constraints. Although there are numerous valid indices of alcohol use severity (e.g. quantity/frequency, heavy drinking, alcohol use disorder symptoms), these are often ‘slices’ of past behavior which took place within a set of environmental constraints, and do not account for possible fluctuations in these constraints under future conditions. In other words, an individual who drank four drinks last week may have drunk more if drinks were more available or if they had seen their friends. Although standard APTs define constraints as increasing price, a substantial literature has demonstrated that alcohol demand changes under a variety of other constraints [3], such as when one has to drive after drinking [4], when there is a next-day responsibility (opportunity cost [5]) and when friends are no longer present [6]. In other words, demand elasticity might be better conceptualized more broadly as the change in consumption as a function of constraint, with monetary price being just one important and easily quantified type of constraint [3]. Thus, one future direction to increase the convergent validity of APTs might be to quantify the effect of other clinically relevant constraints. The present review provides an excellent starting-point for what we hope is the next stage of APT research, which carefully models relative utility as a dynamic indicator of motivation to consume alcohol in any given moment. Purchase tasks exploring novel constraints could identify idiographic high-risk situations and protective factors for informing person-centered treatment and intervention. This research may be facilitated specifically with brief APTs administered through ecological momentary assessment to determine dynamic contextual influences on demand. This could greatly enhance the clinical utility of the APT. For example, an individual may report low drinking while alone but heavy drinking at low drink prices when with friends. These tasks would provide nuanced contextual data that could help clinicians to identify vulnerable moments to target through intervention. None. Samuel F. Acuff: Conceptualization, Writing, Editing. James G. Murphy: Conceptualization, Editing.

청소년 회복탄력성 증진을 위한 집단상담 프로그램의 효과성에 대한 메타분석

청소년 회복탄력성 증진을 위한 집단상담 프로그램의 효과성에 대한 메타분석

Using a distribution-based approach and systematic review methods to derive minimum clinically important differences

BackgroundClinical interpretation of changes measured on a scale is dependent on knowing the minimum clinically important difference (MCID) for that scale: the threshold above which clinicians, patients, and researchers perceive an outcome difference. Until now, approaches to determining MCIDs were based upon individual studies or surveys of experts. However, the comparison of meta-analytic treatment effects to a MCID derived from a distribution of standard deviations (SDs) associated with all trial-specific outcomes in a meta-analysis could improve our clinical understanding of meta-analytic treatment effects.MethodsWe approximated MCIDs using a distribution-based approach that pooled SDs associated with baseline mean or mean change values for two scales (i.e. Mini-Mental State Exam [MMSE] and Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale – Cognitive Subscale [ADAS-Cog]), as reported in parallel randomized trials (RCTs) that were included in a systematic review of cognitive enhancing medications for dementia (i.e. cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine). We excluded RCTs that did not report baseline or mean change SD values. We derived MCIDs at 0.4 and 0.5 SDs of the pooled SD and compared our derived MCIDs to previously published MCIDs for the MMSE and ADAS-Cog.ResultsWe showed that MCIDs derived from a distribution-based approach approximated published MCIDs for the MMSE and ADAS-Cog. For the MMSE (51 RCTs, 12,449 patients), we derived a MCID of 1.6 at 0.4 SDs and 2 at 0.5 SDs using baseline SDs and we derived a MCID of 1.4 at 0.4 SDs and 1.8 at 0.5 SDs using mean change SDs. For the ADAS-Cog (37 RCTs, 10,006 patients), we derived a MCID of 4 at 0.4 SDs and 5 at 0.5 SDs using baseline SDs and we derived a MCID of 2.6 at 0.4 SDs and 3.2 at 0.5 SDs using mean change SDs.ConclusionA distribution-based approach using data included in a systematic review approximated known MCIDs. Our approach performed better when we derived MCIDs from baseline as opposed to mean change SDs. This approach could facilitate clinical interpretation of outcome measures reported in RCTs and systematic reviews of interventions. Future research should focus on the generalizability of this method to other clinical scenarios.

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Microvascular Stacked and Conjoined-Flap Breast Reconstruction.

Stacked and conjoined (SC) flaps are a useful means of increasing flap volume in autologous breast reconstruction. The majority of studies, however, have been limited to smaller, single-center series. A systematic literature review was performed to identify outcomes-based studies on microvascular SC-flap breast reconstruction. Pooled rates of flap and operative characteristics were analyzed. Meta-analytic effect size estimates were calculated for reconstructive complication rates and outcomes of studies comparing SC flaps to non-SC flaps. Meta-regression analysis identified risk factors for flap complications. Twenty-six studies were included for analysis (21 case series, five retrospective cohort studies) for a total of 869 patients, 1,003 breasts, and 2006 flaps. The majority of flaps were harvested from the bilateral abdomen (78%, 782 breasts) followed by combined abdomen-thigh stacked flaps (22.2%, 128 breasts). About 51.1% of flaps were anastomosed to anterograde/retrograde internal mammary vessels (230 breasts) and 41.8% used internal mammary/intraflap anastomoses (188 breasts). Meta-analysis revealed a rate of any flap complication of 2.3% (95% confidence interval: 1.4-3.3%), Q-statistic value p = 0.012 (I 2 = 43.3%). SC flaps had a decreased risk of fat necrosis compared with non-SC flaps (odds ratio = 0.126, p < 0.0001, I 2 = 0.00%), though rates of any flap and donor-site complication were similar. Age, body mass index, flap weight, and flap donor site and recipient vessels were not associated with increased risk of any flap complication. A global appraisal of the current evidence demonstrated the safety of SC-flap breast reconstruction with low complication rates, regardless of donor site, and lower rates of fat necrosis compared with non-SC flaps.

Effects of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) on Physical Performance: Systematic Review and Bayesian Meta-Analysis.

Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) is considered a potent adaptogen and anti-stress agent that could have some potential to improve physical performance. This preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA)-based comprehensive systematic review and Bayesian meta-analysis aimed to evaluate clinical trials up to 2020 from PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases regarding the effect of Ashwagandha supplementation on physical performance in healthy individuals. Besides implementing estimation statistics analysis, we developed Bayesian hierarchical models for a pre-specified subgroup meta-analysis on strength/power, cardiorespiratory fitness and fatigue/recovery variables. A total of 13 studies met the requirements of this systematic review, although only 12 were included in the quantitative analysis. A low-to-moderate overall risk of bias of the trials included in this study was detected. All Bayesian hierarchical models converged to a target distribution (Ȓ = 1) for both meta-analytic effect size (μ) and between-study standard deviation (τ). The meta-analytic approaches of the included studies revealed that Ashwagandha supplementation was more efficacious than placebo for improving variables related to physical performance in healthy men and female. In fact, the Bayesian models showed that future interventions might be at least in some way beneficial on the analyzed outcomes considering the 95% credible intervals for the meta-analytic effect size. Several practical applications and future directions are discussed, although more comparable studies are needed in exercise training, and athletic populations are needed to derive a more stable estimate of the true underlying effect.

Difference in exploration and use of PET bottle and horseshoe for environment enrichment in piglets

Article Details: Received: 2020-10-20 | Accepted: 2020-11-27 | Available online: 2021-01-31 https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2021.24.mi-prap.62-66 Abstract Attractivity of two different enrichment objects was investigated in paper. Eight piglets were housed in pen with slatted floor. Pen environment was enriched with two hanging objects – PET bottle and horseshoe. Interactions with enrichment objects were evaluated during two consecutive days. PET bottle was more attractive, total number of interactions was 600 on day 1 and 451 on day 2. Horseshoe has very low attractiveness, number of interactions on day 1 was only 64 and 74 on day 2. Exploration of more attractive object was decreasing between days. Exploration of less attractive object was increasing. We recommend use of different enrichment objects for prolonged duration of exploration and occupation by manipulation, but both objects should be attractive for piglets. Keywords: environment, enrichment, piglets, keyword, keyword References Averos, X., et al. (2010). A meta-analysis of the combined effect of housing and environmental enrichment characteristics on the behaviour and performance of pigs. Applied Animal Behaviour Science , 127(3-4), 73–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2010.09.010 Bolt, S. L. and George, A. J. (2019). The use of environmental enrichment on farms benefits animal welfare and productivity. Livestock, 24(4), 183–188. https://doi.org/10.12968/live.2019.24.4.183 Buijs, S. and Muns, R. (2019). A Review of the Effects of Non-Straw Enrichment on Tail Biting in Pigs. Animals , 9(10), 824. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9100824 Chen, Ch. et al. (2020). A computer vision approach for recognition of the engagement of pigs with different enrichment objects. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture , 175, 105580. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2020.105580 Council directive 2008/120/EC of 18 December 2008 laying down minimum standards for the protection of pigs. Available online: http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/2008/120/2019-12-14 (accessed on 15 October 2020). Elkmann, A. and Hoy, S. (2009). Frequency of occupation with different simultaneously offered devices by fattening pigs kept in pens with or without straw. Livestock Science, 124(1-3), 330–334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2008.12.008 Ernst, K. et al. (2018). Play behavior and environmental enrichment in pigs. Available online: https://www.wur.nl/upload_mm/e/f/b/6af2e2db-430e-4771-8f7d-6f5b974eab5e_final%20report%20ACT%202060%20juli%202018%20op%20website%20.pdf (accessed on 10 October 2020). Godyn, D. et al. (2019). Effects of environmental enrichment on pig welfare-A Review. Animals , 9(6), 383. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9060383 Jensen, P. (2002). The ethology of domestic animals . New York: CABI Publishing. Wood-Gush, D. G. M. and Beilharz, R. G. (1983). The enrichment of a bare environment for animals in confined conditions. Applied Animal Ethology , 10(3), 209–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3762(83)90142-6 Young, R. J. (2003). Enrichment for captive animals . Oxford, UK: Blackwell Science Ltd.

Can MRI measure myelin? Systematic review, qualitative assessment, and meta-analysis of studies validating microstructural imaging with myelin histology

Recent years have seen an increased understanding of the importance of myelination in healthy brain function and neuropsychiatric diseases. Non-invasive microstructural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) holds the potential to expand and translate these insights to basic and clinical human research, but the sensitivity and specificity of different MR markers to myelination is a subject of debate. To consolidate current knowledge on the topic, we perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that validate microstructural imaging by combining it with myelin histology. We find meta-analytic evidence for correlations between various myelin histology metrics and markers from different MRI modalities, including fractional anisotropy, radial diffusivity, macromolecular pool, magnetization transfer ratio, susceptibility and longitudinal relaxation rate, but not mean diffusivity. Meta-analytic correlation effect sizes range widely, between R2 = 0.26 and R2 = 0.82. However, formal comparisons between MRI-based myelin markers are limited by methodological variability, inconsistent reporting and potential for publication bias, thus preventing the establishment of a single most sensitive strategy to measure myelin with MRI. To facilitate further progress, we provide a detailed characterisation of the evaluated studies as an online resource. We also share a set of 12 recommendations for future studies validating putative MR-based myelin markers and deploying them in vivo in humans.

Do Behavioral Observations Make People Catch the Goal? A Meta-Analysis on Goal Contagion

Goal contagion is a social-cognitive approach to understanding how other people’s behavior influences one’s goal pursuit: An observation of goal-directed behavior leads to an automatic inference and activation of the goal before it can be adopted and pursued thereafter by the observer. We conducted a meta-analysis focusing on experimental studies with a goal condition, depicting goal-directed behavior and a control condition. We searched four databases (PsychInfo, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and JSTOR) and the citing literature on Google Scholar, and eventually included e = 48 effects from published studies, unpublished studies and registered reports based on 4751 participants. The meta-analytic summary effect was small − g = 0.30, 95%CI [0.21; 0.40], τ² = 0.05, 95%CI [0.03, 0.13] − implying that goal contagion might occur for some people, compared to when this goal is not perceived in behavior. However, the original effect seemed to be biased through the current publication system. As shown by several publication-bias tests, the effect could rather be half the size, for example, selection model: g = 0.15, 95%CI [–0.02; 0.32]. Further, we could not detect any potential moderator (such as the presentation of the manipulation and the contrast of the control condition). We suggest that future research on goal contagion makes use of open science practices to advance research in this domain.

Core Practices for Teaching Physical Education: Recommendations for Teacher Education

Purpose: To identify and define a set of core practices for physical education teacher education (PETE), to situate these practices within existing conceptions of core practices in other subject matters, and to validate the core practices using expert opinion and the evidence-based pedagogy literature.Method: A total of 45 PETE teacher educators, consisting of 22 research experts and 23 faculty members, were purposely selected to establish a consensus on core practices. The procedures draw upon guidelines from evaluation and program planning, medicine, nursing, and health education. Data were collected over e-mail.Results: From an initial set of 18 core practices, 16 practices were further developed and refined by the experts. These 16 practices were further validated by seeking evidence from the physical education literature and by using meta-analytic effect sizes.Discussion/Conclusion: The results of this study can be used as an invitation to the field to improve the authors’ teacher education efforts.

黄芩汤加减治疗溃疡性结肠炎作用的Meta分析

黄芩汤加减治疗溃疡性结肠炎作用的Meta分析

Supplemental Material for A Meta-Analysis of Lineup Size Effects on Eyewitness Identification

Supplemental Material for A Meta-Analysis of Lineup Size Effects on Eyewitness Identification

The role of meta-analysis and preregistration in assessing the evidence for cleansing effects.

Lee and Schwarz interpret meta-analytic research and replication studies as providing evidence for the robustness of cleansing effects. We argue that the currently available evidence is unconvincing because (a) publication bias and the opportunistic use of researcher degrees of freedom appear to have inflated meta-analytic effect size estimates, and (b) preregistered replications failed to find any evidence of cleansing effects.

Meta-Analysis of the Therapeutic Effect of Nanosilver on Burned Skin.

Nano silver is widely used in the treatment of burn wounds globally, but most clinical studies on the efficacy of the treatment are small-sample randomized controlled studies. Hence, we aimed to systematically evaluate the efficacy of nano silver and sulfadiazine silver for the treatment of burn wounds through meta-analysis of multiple small studies. Randomized controlled trials were collected from the published literature to compare the effects of nano silver application and sulfadiazine silver application on burns. After evaluating the quality of the methodology and extracting the data from each study, we used RevMan 5.1 software to conduct meta-analysis on eight randomized controlled trials which encompassed 513 patients with second degree burns. The results of the meta-analysis showed that the wound healing time of the nano silver treatment group was less than that of sulfadiazine silver group (P < 0.001) but the wound healing rate of nano silver treatment group was not significantly different from that of control group on the 15th day (MD = 7.10; 95% P = 0.14). Compared with the sulfadiazine silver treatment group, the difference between the nano silver treatment group and sulfadiazine silver treatment group was significant in reducing the pain of burn wounds (P < 0.001). This suggests that the application of nano silver can promote the healing of burn wounds compared with sulfadiazine silver and has considerable advantages in relieving the pain intensity of burn wounds. However, these conclusions need to be further confirmed by a large sample in a high-quality randomized controlled study.