Message Specification Research Articles

스마트 그리드를 위한 원격검침 표준 프로토콜 인증 시스템 구축과 표준화에 관한 연구

본 논문에서는 스마트 그리드의 대표적 서비스인 원격검침을 위한 국제 표준 프로토콜 DLMS(Device Language Message Specifications)의 도입에서부터 정착까지 한국전력공사의 원격검침 인증 시스템 구축내용과 연구개발의 현황을 살펴보고자 한다. 현재 운용 중인 55만 저압고객에 대한 고속 PLC를 활용한 원격검침 시스템은 전력회사의 자체 통신 인프라를 활용하여 고속 데이터 전송이 가능한 시스템으로써, 전 세계적으로도 사업화에 빠르게 적용한 케이스이다. 여기에는 국제 표준 기반 원격검침 프로토콜을 탑재한 전자식 전력량계와 원격검침 핵심 기기 간 프로토콜의 적합성을 평가하기 위한 인증 시스템의 적기 구축이 큰 성공요인으로 볼 수 있다. 이처럼 한국전력공사에서는 DLMS 표준 기반 인증 시스템의 구축을 통하여 국내의 원격검침 서비스와 관련된 장비의 품질을 높이고, 시장의 확장을 선도하였으며, 스마트 그리드의 초창기 사업화 안착에도 많은 기여를 하였다. 또한, 전력선통신 분야 원천기술 개발의 지속 추진을 통한 각종 IPR의 확보 및 표준화 활동을 통하여 스마트 그리드 기술을 고도화하기 위해 많은 노력을 기울이고 있다. In this paper, we introduce the case study on the certificate system for Auto Meter Reading protocol, Device Language Message Specification which is a common language between metering devices and protocol with compatibility and conformance to the IEC 62056 standards. KEPCO has contributed to improve interoperability between different devices of multi vendors through the DLMS standard tests and led the smart metering industry in Korea. KEPCO has AMR system and successful business model for 550 thousands of households based on 24Mbps broadband powerline communications using its infrastructure. We have plan to continue on standardization activities stratagemically by participating in IEC working groups for the purpose of occupying the core technology of Smart Gird.

Information Model of ARC Protection System Based on IEC 61850

This paper analyzes operation problems of medium voltage switchgear cabinet in the electric power system. According to the international standards of IEC 61850, model the new arc protection device on the bus and analysize the relationship of abstract communication serivce inferface (ACSI) mapping to manufacturing message specification (MMS). Finally, MMS PDU formation and decoding are described specifically based on ASN.1 encoding rules.

Interoperability and Open Travel Alliance standards: strategic perspectives

PurposeSince the advent of non‐proprietary technologies fostered by the internet, the travel distribution model has been subjected to significant changes. One of the primary changes has been the expanding potential of interoperability between systems brought about the advent of extended markup language‐based specifications developed and published by the Open Travel Alliance (OTA). The potential impact of the underlying technology (web services) in use for developing these standards is significant. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate strategic perspectives from key industry players over the potential of this technology and examine the factors pertaining to their adoption.Design/methodology/approachData for this came from a series of 30‐45‐minute interviews with senior executives of four major travel suppliers (included three major hotel chains and one leading car rental company) as well as three major intermediaries (comprised two global distribution system companies and one major online travel agency). Interviews were guided using two types of signposts – conceptual and industry‐level phenomena.FindingsFindings indicate that suppliers and intermediaries see distinctive levers of advantage from OTA messaging specifications. While suppliers seek to build flexibility to add/delete channels and subsequently leverage greater control over inventory distribution, intermediaries seek to consolidate on their aggregation capabilities through wider content and enhance dynamic packaging as value for end‐customers.Research limitations/implicationsThis is a qualitative study comprising in‐depth interviews with a selected few respondents that limit the generalizability of the results. Additionally, the perspective is limited to the larger players in the travel distribution space.Originality/valueThe study is the first in hospitality/travel marketing literature to examine the issues of interoperability specific to a major initiative such as the OTA.

The new haematology analyzer DxH 800: an evaluation of the analytical performances and leucocyte flags, comparison with the LH 755

The analytical performance and the abnormality messages on differential (flags) of the new analyzer Beckman Coulter DxH 800 were compared with those of the LH 755. First, we evaluated the accuracy of the results of the DxH 800, in comparison with the LH 755, in 125 samples without alarm using unflagged sample results on both analyzers. Second, flagged samples on the LH 755 but not flagged by the DxH 800 were evaluated by flow cytometry for accuracy of the DxH 800 results. Finally, we evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of abnormality messages on differential given by the analyzers, in comparison with manual blood smears. The correlation coefficients (R) for complete blood count parameters and differential demonstrated that the DxH 800 results were similar to that of LH 755. Excellent correlation coefficients between DxH 800 and flow cytometry results were found for white blood cell count (R = 0.985, n = 31), platelet count (R = 0.976, n = 51) and nucleated red blood cells (R = 0.966, n = 37). The overall performance showed an increased sensitivity (0.892) and specificity (0.864) of the flags on DxH 800 when compared to the LH 755 (0.846 and 0.733, respectively). The DxH 800 provides reliable results and increases laboratory efficiency by reducing working time and costs associated with the optical validation of the results.

Manufacturing message specification (MMS) based open manufacturing system

Manufacturing equipment should be integrated to construct a computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) environment, but several economical and technological difficulties may surface when heterogeneous systems are integrated into each other. Manufacturing message specification (MMS) can be effective in such case, but the problem is that MMS-related products are comparatively expensive and most existing manufacturing equipment does not support MMS. This study focused on developing a gateway suitable to a non-MMS-compatible CNC machine-tool, and on implementing an open system interconnection (OSI) upper layer on TCP/IP. The development system was applied to a cell controller by means of heterogeneous equipment under the CIM environment and to evaluate its interoperability and portability.

What Matters in Social Accounts? The Roles of Account Specificity, Source Expertise, and Outcome Loss on Acceptance

Although we know that social accounts favorably affect fairness outcomes, we still do not know what makes them work. An experimental design was used to assess the impact of message specificity, source expertise, and outcome loss on account acceptance. Also examined was how account acceptance mediates the relationship between these factors and a range of fairness outcomes. Specificity had a main effect on acceptability, but interacted with expertise across levels of loss. Expertise had a slight positive effect on acceptance under low loss conditions, but its effect turned sharply negative under conditions of higher loss. Acceptability partially mediated the relationship between specificity and all fairness outcomes, and fully mediated the impact on commitment to the trainer.

INTEROPERABLE SUPPLY-CHAIN APPLICATIONS: MESSAGE METAMODEL-BASED SEMANTIC RECONCILIATION OF B2B MESSAGES

Supply-chain applications exchange numerous electronic business-to-business (B2B) messages of varied types. Traditionally, prior to a message exchange, partners adopt one particular message specification that constrains message structure and syntax to implement compatible application message interfaces. However, in open, dynamic supply-chains, the applications need to interact even though their message interfaces are based on different, yet incompatible message specifications. To achieve such interactions, we propose the Message Metamodel-based semantic reconciliation of B2B messages. The Message Metamodel is a novel, ontological form that provides for common representation of B2B message specifications and messages of various syntaxes, such as Extensible Markup Language (XML) or Electronic Data Interchange (EDI). The experimental investigation showed that proposed semantic reconciliation architecture built atop the Message Metamodel (1) insulates the reconciliation activities from the specific message syntaxes, (2) supports the reconciliation of messages irrespective of message standards used, and (3) enables seamless interoperable message exchange between heterogeneous supply-chain applications.

Communication Systems for Factory Automation: A Design Approach Based on MMS and WSs Technologies

Factory automation (FA) is a direct result of the underlying communication systems. To integrate the FA information and make FA control systems with flexibility and interoperability in automated manufacturing systems, the manufacturing message specification (MMS), Web services’ (WSs) technologies and typical FA systems are analyzed. A new design approach of the communication system structure is presented for FA systems in this paper. A prototype of FA control systems is used for evaluating performance of the communication system structure in C++ Visual Studio.NET and Java Borland Builder 9.0 development environment. The experimental results show that the proposed design approach is valid and promising.

차세대 그린 에너지 발전 시설을 위한 응용 메시지 프로토콜의 분석 및 응용

This paper discusses a common message protocol for green power systems such as tidal, wind, photovoltaic, and solar systems. For this investigations and analysis, existing protocols such as ELCOM-90, TASE.1, ICCP/TASE.2 and SCADA were analyzed for the application of green power systems in view of real-time property and reliability. For the analysis, the practical example of green power system using SACADA and ICCP are investigated and discussed. As a future direction of this investigations, the feasibility analysis of manufacturing message specification(ISO-9560) for green power system is discussed.

Service-oriented communication architecture for automated manufacturing system integration

The heterogeneity of industrial environments is one of the most important challenges in the context of automated manufacturing system integration. To realize common industrial messaging services, this study employs service-oriented philosophy to realize manufacturing message specification (MMS) services and proposes a new concept of MMS Web Services, which rediscovers the semantics of MMS. Then, this study presents manufacturing communication model based on MMS and Web Services and provides service-oriented communication architecture (SOCA). On the basis of describing MMS, a protocol data unit (PDU) design based on Web Services and VMD server message transmission interfaces, manufacturing communication subsystem using unified modeling language model is discussed in detail. In particular, to verify the validity of the proposed design method, a prototype system has been achieved. The resulting prototype proves the effectiveness of MMS standard, Web Services middleware and service-oriented concepts in the design of manufacturing communication architecture. The combination of MMS and Web Services can bring truly platform-independent and language-independent communication capability for automated manufacturing system and improve its flexibility, reconfigurability and interoperability. Furthermore, the proposed communication architecture can be seamlessly integrated into manufacturing control systems or management systems in plug-and-play fashion.

Stepping Beyond Message Specificity in the Study of Emotion as Mediator and Inter-Emotion Associations Across Attitude Objects: Fahrenheit 9/11, Anger, and Debate Superiority

This experimental research focuses on four distinct, but related theoretical interests regarding the study of emotion and media effects: (a) emotion serving as a potential mediator of the relationship between the consumption of multiple media messages, (b) media messages sparking emotional reactions to attitude objects not specifically referenced or identified in a message, (c) the assessment of inter-emotion relationships across distinct attitude objects, and (d) varied processes of emotion-based influence based on individual-difference attitude object preferences. This work focuses on Michael Moore's Fahrenheit 9/11, its effects on anger felt toward President George W. Bush and Senator John F. Kerry, and subsequent perceptions of candidate debate superiority across Bush versus Kerry supporters. Moore's film was found to influence levels of anger felt toward both Bush and Kerry and these emotions were related to subsequent perceptions of debate superiority. Distinct processes of influence were found for previously identified Bush supporters versus Kerry supporters, with Bush anger serving as a mediator for Bush supporters and Kerry anger serving as a mediator for Kerry supporters. Ramifications of this study's findings are outlined and future lines of research are summarized.

Verifying the Reliability of Web Services Interactions for the Robot Communication Platform

As Loosely Coupled Robot Communication and the common robot service platform using Web Services gain acceptance, the multi-vendor/multi-implementation environment is becoming increasingly disseminated and interoperability increasingly critical. In contrast Reliable messaging is a key to such Web Services-based systems, but no openly available verification suite currently exists for this technology. We discuss requirements of conformance and interoperability tests for Web Services reliability, and report results of coverage tests and application-driven tests using the verification suite we developed for reliable messaging. This suite verified implementations conforming to WS-Reliability, a reliable message specification. It also proves that application-driven tests requiring neither test program installation nor probe, effectively ensure interoperability in actual application together with common robot service platform implementation.

Open manufacturing system using MMS service and object oriented manufacturing equipments

Manufacturing equipments should be integrated to construct CIM (Computer Integrated Manufacturing) environment, but several economical and technological difficulties may be arisen in case heterogeneous systems are integrated into each other. MMS (Manufacturing Message Specification) can be effective in such a case, but the problem is that MMS-related products are comparatively expensive and the existing manufacturing equipments mostly do not support MMS. This study was focused on developing a gateway suitable to a non-MMS-compatible CNC machine-tool, and on implementing OSI (Open System Interconnection) upper layer on TCP/IP. The development system was applied to a cell controller by means of heterogeneous equipments under CIM environment, and to evaluate interoperability and portability.

Remote multi‐robot monitoring and control system based on MMS and web services

PurposeThis paper aims to develop a service‐oriented distributed multi‐robot system based on manufacturing message specification (MMS) and new‐generation distributed object technology – web services for realizing remotely monitoring and controlling multiple heterogeneous robots in the internet environment.Design/methodology/approachThe study presents robot communication model and distributed multi‐robot monitoring and control software structure based on MMS and web services. In particular, monitoring and control software design of MMS concepts in web services environment using Unified Modeling Language model is discussed in detail. In addition, to verify the validity of the proposed design method, a multi‐robot prototype system for robot flexible assemble cell has been achieved. Its Server software is implemented in C++ with Visual Studio.NET being the development environment and Client software is programmed in Java with Borland JBuilder 9 being the development tool.FindingsFinds that the communication structure following MMS can make the multi‐robot monitoring and control system have perfect robustness, interoperability and reconfigurability. Besides, web services technology can conveniently realize MMS services, also can successfully resolve the remote multi‐robot monitoring and control problem among cross‐network, cross‐platform and heterogeneous systems.Research limitations/implicationsProvides an easy and low‐cost method for realizing heterogeneous multi‐robot remote driving. The web‐based distribution of the presented system is critical in enabling capabilities such as e‐manufacturing, e‐diagnostics and e‐maintenance.Practical implicationsThe proposed system can be seamlessly integrated into other automated manufacturing systems or management systems in plug‐and‐play fashion. The combination of MMS and web services is in favor of real manufacturing equipments being embedded in the network, so the presented systematic methodology can be a useful reference for constructing web‐based reconfigurable manufacturing systems.Originality/valueProvides robot communication model based on MMS and web services and presents service‐oriented distributed remote multi‐robot monitoring and control software architecture.

Promoting stair climbing: effects of message specificity and validation

Current exercise guidelines encourage the daily accumulation of lifestyle activities, such as stair climbing. Although several studies show that visual prompts can increase stair usage, there has been little systematic assessment of the messages employed. Some of the messages used in previous interventions represent general descriptions of stair climbing (e.g. 'free exercise'), while others emphasize specific consequences of stair use (e.g. 'keeps you fit'). Twelve hundred structured interviews were conducted in order to establish which type of message is more persuasive. In addition, half of the interviewees were told that the messages were true, in order to assess how validating messages may influence their persuasive appeal. Results suggest that messages focussing on specific consequences are more persuasive than those providing general descriptions and that validating the information presented in stair-climbing interventions may increase their efficacy. Previous messages may not, therefore, have demonstrated the full potential of stair climbing as a model for increasing population activity levels.

Future personal "e-payment": IrFM

There is widespread distribution of millions of mobile devices such as mobile phones and PDAs with infrared data association (IrDA) ports to consumers worldwide. Rapid advancements in both device technology and users' capabilities are the foundations for a new digital payment system, which promises to change the traditional method of payments. By utilizing standard IrDA indoor infrared technology, infrared financial messaging (IrFM) is a financial messaging specification with great prospects for future digital payment systems. In this article, we carry out a comprehensive analysis of IrFM, clarify the benefits of using such a system, and develop a model which allows us to identify the significance of major performance factors of digital payment systems. Issues concerning connection speed, security, reliability, simplicity, and interoperability of IrFM are investigated.

DCOM and MMS–based control software architecture for automated manufacturing system

In this paper, we introduce the manufacturing message specification (MMS) and compare two distributed object approaches–distributed component object model (DCOM) and common object request broker architecture (CORBA), suggest characteristics that DCOM is more suitable for automated manufacturing system (AMS) control software integration. In order to make a control system provided with interoperability and reconfigurability etc., a hybrid control system is built for AMS, then a control software architecture is presented for AMS based on distributed object DCOM middleware and MMS standard. The object-oriented DCOM communication protocol is used to implement the MMS in a distributed object mode. DCOM and MMS combination brings the operating system independent communication capabilities to manufacturing devices such as CNC machine tools and industrial robots in AMS. Control software implementation of MMS concepts in the DCOM environment is particularly discussed. Finally, to verify the control software architecture for AMS, prototype development has been implemented in VC++ 6.0 developer environments.

XML-based requirements engineering for an electronic clearinghouse

We present methods and tools to support XML-based requirements engineering for an electronic clearinghouse that connects trading partners in the telecommunications area. The original semi-structured requirements, locally known as business rules, were written as message specifications in a non-standardized and error-prone format using MS Word. To remedy the resulting software failures and faults, we first formalized the requirements by designing an W3C XML Schema for the precise definition of the requirements structure. The schema allows a highly structured representation of the essential information in eXtensible Markup Language (XML). Second, to offer the requirements engineers the ability to edit the XML documents in a friendly way while preserving their information structure, we developed a custom editor called XLEdit. Third, by developing a converter from MS Word to the target XML format, we helped the requirements engineers to migrate the existing business rules. Fourth, we developed translators from the structured requirements to schema languages, which enabled automated generation of message-validation code. The increase in customer satisfaction and clearinghouse-service efficiency are primary gains from the investment in the technology for structured requirements editing and validation.

The Effects Of Recruitment Message Specificity On Applicant Attraction To Organizations

We used the elaboration likelihood model (ELM) from marketing research to explain and examine how recruitment message specificity influences job seeker attraction to organizations. Using an experimental design and data from 171 college-level job seekers, the results showed that detailed recruitment messages led to enhanced perceptions of organization attributes and person–organization (P–O) fit. Perceptions of fit were found to mediate the relationship between message specificity and intention to apply to the organization. In addition, perceptions of organization attributes and P–O fit were found to influence intentions to apply under circumstances of explicit recruitment information while attractiveness and fit perceptions were shown to influence application intentions under conditions of implicit recruitment information. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.

On Message Specifications in OCL

The object constraint language (OCL) is the established language for specifying of properties of objects and object structures. Recently an extension of OCL has been proposed for the specification of messages sent between objects. In this paper we present a generalization of this extension which allows additionally to specify causality constraints. From a pragmatic point of view, such causality constraints are needed to express, for example, that each acknowledgment must be preceded by a matching request, which is frequently required by communication protocols. Our generalization is based on the introduction of histories into OCL. Histories describe the external behavior of objects and groups of objects. Moreover, to reason compositionally about the behavior of a complex system we distinguish between local specifications of a single object and global specifications describing the interaction between objects. These two types of specifications are expressed in syntactically dierent dialects of OCL. Our notion of compositionality, which is formalized in this paper by a compatibility predicate on histories, allows the verification of models during the early stages of a design.