Message Design Research Articles

Message Structure and Mechanism in Hypnotherapy Communication

The purpose of this study is to describe, analyze, structure and mechanism of messages as well as models of interpersonal communication carried out in hypnotherapy as a method to overcome the problems felt by clients who experience psychosomatic health disorders including stress, mental disorders, emotions and subconscious mind control so that appropriate treatment is needed. The theory used in this research is Coordinated Management of Meaning (CMM) to analyze the communication interaction between the hypnotherapist and the client. There are three concepts in CMM, namely management, coordination, and meaning. The research method used is descriptive qualitative method with a case study approach and constructivist paradigm. The results showed that the structure and mechanism of messages in hypnotherapy communication were carried out is the messages produced were carried out in an implicit way, making arguments at the beginning of handling cases the hypnotherapist puts himself in a position to accept whatever is conveyed or claimed and the persuasive message conveyed by the therapist is a one-sided message. In the process of compiling and delivering messages: the message is based on Milton Erickson's principles and philosophy, use indirect style and using Metaphors. While the Communication Model used in Ericksonian Hypnotherapy Communication consists of message design models and interpersonal models. Message design is based on three basic logics of communication message design expressive, conventional, and rhetorical. The interpersonal model consists of social exchange, role, and interactional. Model of CMM theory produces the concept of BIER (Believe, Impressif, Entertaint, Repeatation) and sense making

Marketing Communication Strategy in Preserving Lok Baintan Floating Market Tourism Destinations, Banjar Regency

Improvement of the South Kalimantan tourist area to be successful must be made through a partially integrated arrangement and development that remains integrated with other tourist areas, namely the Lok Baintan Floating Market. The researcher analyzes the marketing communication strategy and the process of implementing the marketing communication strategy and tries to find an effective marketing communication model for maintaining and promoting the product image and the existence of the Lok Baintan Floating Market. This research is qualitative, and it can produce descriptive data. Researchers also explore the object under study, with several vital informants who become sources in helping researchers to describe and examine content and marketing communication planning steps carried out through message content design, message design, media and other components as a persuasive communication medium in conveying messages. Tourism products and explain the results of research studies on marketing communication strategy activities. This study uses Austin Babrow's PIT Theory stating that humans have two orientation tendencies: Probabilistic and Evaluative. The researcher made MOKOMPAR LOBA based on the analysis IMC made based on identifying targets, analyzing goals, developing strategies and evaluating processes supporting marketing communication activities programs. MOKOMPAR LOBA describes an integrated marketing communication model, namely the concept of planning the delivery of persuasive communication through integrated marketing communication mix messages.

Message Design Logic on Lecturer @buiramira's TikTok Account

Social media is growing rapidly, such as Twitter, Facebook, Instagram and TikTok. TikTok is known as an entertainment social media. Various content is presented by creators from different professions. One of them is Padjadjaran University Communication Management Lecturer Ira Mirawati with the TikTok account @buiramira. He made his account as a means to spread informative messages related to final year student activities. Using message design logic theory, this article aims to find out the message design logic on that account. The method used in this research is a qualitative method with case studies. Data collection is done by document study. The results show that the most dominant message design logic is conventional design logic with unifunctional conventional structures, followed by expressive design logic with multifunctional structures, and rhetorical design logic with unifunctional structures

Design Principles of Learning Messages in E-Learning

Some things still need more attention in the content or messages contained in e-learning. Therefore, good message planning or arrangement is needed concerning the principles of learning message design. This scientific study aims to analyze the application of learning message design principles in e-learning media. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with the type of research that is descriptive content analysis. The stages of content analysis research include formulating analysis objectives, conceptualization, and operationalization, coding sheet or instrument grids, population and sample determination, coding process, data input, and analysis. Data collection in the research was carried out using the document study method, with the research instrument in the form of coding sheets based on the definition of applying the principles of learning message design. The data analysis technique uses descriptive qualitative analysis. The results of the research analysis show that the contents of the message illustrate that in e-learning besmart, the e-learning development course has applied the principles of readiness and motivation, the principle of using the object of focus of attention, the principle of student participation, the principle of iteration, and the principle of feedback. However, it has not implemented the initial ability test as a form of readiness principle.

Access to information on gender-based violence prevention during COVID-19 lockdown in Uganda: a cross-sectional study.

During the lockdowns to contain the COVID-19 pandemic in Uganda, women and girls, disproportionately, had increased exposure to gender-based violence (GBV). Access to high-quality and empowering information or knowledge to minimise the incidences of GBV for women, girls, men and boys, was, therefore, crucial. The purpose of this study was to understand the characteristics of the individuals who were unable to access such information, and if received information, was associated with more awareness in the populace. The data analysed were from a cross-sectional nationally representative phone survey of individuals aged 18 years and above from all four regions of Uganda. The survey was carried out by Uganda Bureau of Statistics using a purely quantitative approach, and all questions were closed-ended. The sample was stratified by sex, age, and geographical region, and executed in November 2020, six months after COVID-19 lockdown restrictions. Binary logistic regression analysis was used for data analysis in STATA software. Female respondents with tertiary education (OR=0.47; 95% CI=0.26, 0.85) and male respondents with tertiary education (OR=0.70; 95% CI: 0.49, 1.00) were more likely to receive information on GBV prevention. Both female (aOR=0.68; 95% CI: 0.52, 0.88) and male (aOR=0.66; 95% CI: 0.50, 0.87) respondents who were working had about a third the odds of being unable to access information about GBV prevention. Female respondents living in urban areas were associated with less odds of being unable to access the information (aOR=0.77; 95% CI: 0.59, 1.00), while unmarried male respondents had higher odds of being unable to access the information (aOR=1.37; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.89). Respondents who reported being vulnerable to GBV were also more likely to know someone who experienced GBV. This was similar for female respondents (PR=3.00; 95% CI: 2.26, 3.98) and male respondents (PR=3.01, 95% CI: 2.3, 3.95) (PR=5.49; 95% CI=4.12-7.30). Results also indicated that both male (PR=1.28; 95% CI: 1.14, 1.43) and female respondents (PR=1.24; 95% CI: 1.11, 1.37) who did not perceive themselves at risk of GBV were less likely to know a GBV survivor. The individuals who were unable to access information had characteristics associated with GBV perpetration or victimization. Monitoring the dissemination and quality of information empowers individuals and communities to develop local solutions to GBV prevention and protection. The design of GBV prevention messages and delivery channels needs to take into consideration the risk factors at the different levels of the socio-ecological model (individual, community, institutional, and society). Interventions aimed at increasing access to information on GBV prevention should consider the different socio-demographic as well as context-specific factors. There was no funding source for this study.

Understanding Mental Health Organizations’ Instagram Through Visuals: A Content Analysis

ABSTRACT This study analyzed the content, visual features, and audience engagement data of Instagram posts from two mental health organizations over one year (N = 725). For content features, mental health literacy and communicative strategies were examined. Posts that promoted knowledge of mental disorders and treatments, used information and community strategy were more likely to receive higher audience engagement. Visual features of demographic segments, visual composition, and visual framing topics were analyzed. Images that covered an unspecific population, used illustrated images, and focused on anti-stigma topical frames obtained more engagement. Theoretical contributions and practical applications regarding visual message design and management on social media to promote mental health are also offered.

Urban Youth Perceptions of Sports and Energy Drinks: Insights for Health Promotion Messaging.

This study aimed to examine urban adolescents' beliefs about sports and energy drinks to identify factors for health messaging to discourage youth consumption. Focus group study involving thirty-four adolescents in urban areas (12 female, 12 male, and 10 unreported sex; 19 Hispanic, 11 Non-Hispanic Black, 2 Asian, and 1 unknown race or ethnicity). Four focus groups were conducted with adolescents in urban areas. Each on-time moderated group discussion was structured to generate an inventory of attitudinal, normative and efficacy beliefs associated with sports and energy drink consumption and reduction. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Attitudinal and normative beliefs were more positive towards sports drink consumption and energy drink reduction. Misperceptions about the need for sports drinks to avoid dehydration during physical activity were evident. Product accessibility and advertising pervasiveness were facilitators influencing consumption and barriers to reduction for both products. Results highlight important differences in perceptions about sports and energy drinks that indicate the need for different approaches and messages for interventions designed to curb consumption of these products. Recommendations for message design are provided.

EMAIL MARKETING – ROLE IN IMPROVING CUSTOMER RETENTION RATES

This research paper tried to examine the effectiveness of email marketing on customer retention. The email is utilized to endorse the businesses it assists to create the association with the potential clients, keep the existing customers informed and please them by updating about the brands, offers, discounts etc., and motivate them for the client loyalty. Email marketing is an approach of utilizing email to get and to reach the target audiences. Email marketing is considered as an important tool for making leads to the firm where they utilize email as one of the important tool for endorsing their products and services. The business firms are utilizing email marketing as a customer retention tool. Email marketing will assist to reach an immense audience, generate brand awareness, customer engagement, and sell their products and services. Email marketing allows numerous clients to share valuable promotional space at less expensive. For all companies, they require to pay attention to their email marketing campaigns because email can be bounced by the readers. This research did a systematic review of advantages and importance of email marketing in the business world. The study suggests focusing more on high quality generic contents and the design of the email message. In addition, consistent with the viewpoint of studies in the field, the study confirms that customer engagement is an important predictor of consumer purchase, causing the conclusions that firm must spend in client engagement marketing initiatives to finally attain better performance. KEYWORDS: Email marketing, customer retention

Improving User Experience with Recommender Systems by Informing the Design of Recommendation Messages

Advice-giving systems such as decision support systems and recommender systems (RS) utilize algorithms to provide users with decision support by generating ‘advice’ ranging from tailored alerts for situational exception events to product recommendations based on preferences. Related extant research of user perceptions and behaviors has predominantly taken a system-level view, whereas limited attention has been given to the impact of message design on recommendation acceptance and system use intentions. Here, a comprehensive model was developed and tested to explore the presentation choices (i.e., recommendation message characteristics) that influenced users’ confidence in—and likely acceptance of—recommendations generated by the RS. Our findings indicate that the problem and solution-related information specificity of the recommendation increase both user intention and the actual acceptance of recommendations while decreasing the decision-making time; a shorter decision-making time was also observed when the recommendation was structured in a problem-to-solution sequence. Finally, information specificity was correlated with information sufficiency and transparency, confirming prior research with support for the links between user beliefs, user attitudes, and behavioral intentions. Implications for theory and practice are also discussed.

Exploring Intergenerational Communication on Social Media Group Chats as a Cancer Prevention Intervention Opportunity Among Vietnamese American Families: Qualitative Study.

Families use social media group chats to connect with each other about daily life and to share information. Although cancer is not a frequent topic of conversation in family settings, the adoption of mobile technology in the family context presents a novel opportunity to promote cancer prevention information. To the best of our knowledge, few studies have used private social media group chats to promote cancer prevention information to family members. In this formative study, we investigated how family group chat platforms can be leveraged to encourage colorectal cancer screening, human papillomavirus vaccination, and cervical cancer screening among intergenerational Vietnamese American families. This study aimed to cocreate a family-based communication intervention for introducing cancer screening information in family group chats. We sought to understand family members' motivations for using group chats, family dynamics and conversation patterns, and group chat experiences and cultural norms for interacting with family members. Overall, 20 audio-recorded and semistructured interviews were conducted with young Vietnamese adults. The study was conducted between August and October 2018. Participants were Vietnamese Americans; aged between 18 and 44 years; living in Orange County, California; had an existing family group chat; and expressed an interest in becoming family health advocates. Data were analyzed using a framework analysis. In total, 13 (65%) of the 20 young adults reported having >1 group chat with their immediate and extended family. Preventive health was not a typical topic of family conversations, but food, family announcements, personal updates, humorous videos or photos, and current events were. Young adults expressed openness to initiating conversations with family members about cancer prevention; however, they also raised concerns that may influence family members' receptivity to the messages. Themes that could potentially impact family members' willingness to accept cancer prevention messages included family status and hierarchy, gender dynamics, relational closeness in the family, and source trust and credibility. These considerations may impact whether families will be open to receiving cancer screening information and acting on it. The participants also mentioned practical considerations for intervention and message design, which included the Vietnamese cultural conversation etiquette of hỏi thăm, respect for a physician's recommendation, prevention versus symptom orientation, the family health advocate's bilingual capacity, and the busy lives of family members. In response to exemplar messages, participants mentioned that they preferred to personalize template messages to accommodate conversational norms in their family group chats. The findings of this study inform the development of a social media intervention for increasing preventive cancer screening in Vietnamese American families.

Sustainability advertising: literature review and framework for future research

A growing number of consumers want companies to act sustainably. Companies have responded by advertising their sustainability initiatives, practices, and products. This paper takes a fresh look at sustainability advertising, synthesizing empirical research involving two focal questions: (a) What makes a sustainability ad effective? and (b) What drives some consumers to adopt sustainable behaviors? To answer these questions, this paper is organized into three sections. First, the concept of sustainability is introduced, its dimensions are presented, and sustainability advertising is defined. Second, a framework for the effectiveness of sustainability advertising is introduced. Ad context, source characteristics, and message design influence an ad’s effectiveness, while consumer drivers enhance or attenuate this relationship. Finally, measures of ad effectiveness and the unintended consequences of sustainability advertising are discussed. In each section, empirical research is summarized, and future research opportunities are outlined. This paper provides a holistic view of the effectiveness of sustainability advertising in order to inspire new research in this timely and critical advertising arena.

Choosing COVID-19 treatment over prevention through vaccination: A U.S. social media case study

Background: This study examined anti-vaccination social media posts that favored COVID-19 treatment (monoclonal antibodies (mAbs)) rather than prevention through vaccination, both of which were under Emergency Use Authorization rather than full approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration at the time of this study. Our research stemmed from participation in a U.S. public health education campaign led by a coalition of government agencies to expand provider and health system use of mAbs with high-risk COVID-19 positive patients. Aim: Inform real world communication strategies for treatment over prevention therapies. Methods: We analyzed the most-engaged tweets that mentioned mAbs and vaccines from March 1 to August 31, 2021. Results: Our qualitative analysis identified the following themes: distrust in science, individualism, and politically oriented or partisan sentiment. Discussion: Countering anti-vaccine messages and reducing the susceptibility of vaccine-hesitant individuals to these messages must involve message design that considers the individualism and distrust revealed in this study. We recommend two approaches: (1) unmasking anti-vaccine messaging techniques; (2) using colloquial and values-driven language. Conclusions: Our findings reinforce the need for public health practitioners to monitor public and social media discourse, adopt messaging that navigates anti-vaccine sentiment, and engage with the preference for treatment over prevention.

Culture-centric narratives of influenza vaccination among high-risk groups in Hong Kong.

Despite the effectiveness of influenza vaccination, the vaccine coverage rate among high-risk groups in Hong Kong is less than optimal. Guided by the Health Belief Model (HBM) and culture-centric narrative approach, we examined the role of cultural specificities in implicit assumptions held by at-risk individuals when the individuals decided whether to receive the vaccine. Data were collected from 29 in-depth interviews with people from high-risk groups in Hong Kong. From their decision narratives, it is evident that the local socio-cultural characteristics and collectivistic ideology are useful in understanding the perceptions of influenza severity, susceptibility to infection, perceived barriers and benefits, and self-efficacy of accepting or rejecting the vaccine among the high-risk individuals. Implications of vaccination message designs are discussed.

Examining U.S. Newspapers’ Partisan Bias in COVID-19 News Using Computational Methods

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic has become a partisan political issue instead of purely a public health issue in the U.S. Partisan media bias leads to conflicting messages and drastic differences in preventive behaviors and risk perceptions between Democrats and Republicans. Guided by partisan media bias literature and framing theory, this study examined partisan media bias in the U.S. national and local newspapers regarding COVID-19 using computational methods. It visualized the trends of COVID-19 news articles published by left-leaning, least biased, and right-leaning media as well as revealed frames that were used in partisan media to report COVID-19. Findings demonstrated that partisan media covered certain COVID-19 frames more frequently than others. Even though left-leaning, least biased, and right-leaning media did not differ in the likelihood of publishing COVID-19 articles and they did not publish a significantly different number of COVID-19 articles, partisan media used each COVID-19 frame significantly differently. Specifically, least biased media was more likely than left-leaning media and right-leaning media to discuss the stay-at-home order. Other frames were not significantly differently applied by different partisan media. Implications for COVID-19 news reporting and message design as well as the lessons for politics and health policy are provided.

Strategi Komunikasi Pemasaran Dinas Pariwisata dan Kebudayaan Kabupaten Pangandaran melalui Media Sosial Instagram @Pangandaran.Tourism

Many businesses incorporate social media into their marketing and communications plans. Companies use social media in an effort to attract more customers. The Department of Tourism and Culture (Disparbud) of Pangandaran Regency, is a government agency authorized to manage tourism and culture in the district. The purpose of this study was to describe the social media marketing communication strategy of Instagram Disparbud Pangandaran Regency by combining a descriptive approach with a qualitative approach. Based on the findings of this study, Disparbud Pangandaran Regency carried out a marketing communication strategy consisting of five stages, namely marketing objectives, marketing audiences, message and media design, promotion mix, and evaluation. Through these five stages, it can increase the interest of visits for the marketing communication strategy that has been implemented. However, the increase in tourist interest occurs situationally.

Understanding Factors Influencing Crime Prevention Information on Social Media

Social media has transformed policing practices and help to facilitate crime prevention efforts. Despite numerous studies on social media and policing in recent years, not many that focused specifically on source factors of message design and their perceived impact on crime prevention information. This present study aimed to address the gap, by investigating public perceptions toward crime prevention information posted by the Royal Malaysia Police (RMP) on social media. Here, crime prevention information on social media refers to any form of communication related to crime. The study was conducted to provide preliminary insights to our research in crime prevention on social media. A survey was carried out involving 400 active Malaysian users of social media in the age range of 18-34. The findings revealed that, the public’s interest in crime prevention information on social media was primarily motivated by information seeking and sharing. Videos, written texts and infographics were found to be the most preferred social media content. The public in general, perceived police’s crime prevention information on social media positively. Out of the three different factors tested, credibility was found to be the significant predictor that can influence public’s perceived impact of crime prevention information on social media. It was also found that, public perception can influence behavior intention to access and share crime prevention information on social media. This study provided a basis for effective utilization of social media for crime prevention.

Talking About Prescription Opioid Misuse: The Effect of Family Communication Patterns and Messages Advocating Direct and Indirect Communication

ABSTRACT Families play an important role in addressing substance misuse and addiction. Extant literature suggests patterns of communication within families influence the ways in which they engage loved ones who may be misusing substances like prescription opioids. However, little is known regarding how strategic health messages about family communication influence individuals’ intentions to engage in conversations about substance misuse. Applying a normative approach, we conducted a (2 × 2) between-participants experiment examining whether messages advocating indirect (versus direct) communication are more effective for individuals (n = 613) who describe their family as having a low (versus high) conversation orientation. Univariate analysis of variance tests show match effects for message attitudes and message elaboration. For intentions to talk with a loved one about the risks of OUD, there was only evidence of a matching effect between the message advocating indirect communication with low conversation audiences. Both message types were equally effective at influencing intentions for high conversation participants. These findings suggest message designers should consider the kinds of communication behaviors and actions advocated in appeals targeting family members. Messages that are inclusive of the conversation dynamics of particular audiences may have greater effect. In particular, for low conversation audiences, messages advocating an indirect approach may be more effective at motivating intentions to engage someone who is misusing opioids.

Platform Effects on Public Health Communication: A Comparative and National Study of Message Design and Audience Engagement Across Twitter and Facebook.

Public health agencies widely adopt social media for health and risk communication. Moreover, different platforms have different affordances, which may impact the quality and nature of the messaging and how the public engages with the content. However, these platform effects are not often compared in studies of health and risk communication and not previously for the COVID-19 pandemic. This study measures the potential media effects of Twitter and Facebook on public health message design and engagement by comparing message elements and audience engagement in COVID-19-related posts by local, state, and federal public health agencies in the United States during the pandemic, to advance theories of public health messaging on social media and provide recommendations for tailored social media communication strategies. We retrieved all COVID-19-related posts from major US federal agencies related to health and infectious disease, all major state public health agencies, and selected local public health departments on Twitter and Facebook. A total of 100,785 posts related to COVID-19, from 179 different accounts of 96 agencies, were retrieved for the entire year of 2020. We adopted a framework of social media message elements to analyze the posts across Facebook and Twitter. For manual content analysis, we subsampled 1677 posts. We calculated the prevalence of various message elements across the platforms and assessed the statistical significance of differences. We also calculated and assessed the association between message elements with normalized measures of shares and likes for both Facebook and Twitter. Distributions of message elements were largely similar across both sites. However, political figures (P<.001), experts (P=.01), and nonpolitical personalities (P=.01) were significantly more present on Facebook posts compared to Twitter. Infographics (P<.001), surveillance information (P<.001), and certain multimedia elements (eg, hyperlinks, P<.001) were more prevalent on Twitter. In general, Facebook posts received more (normalized) likes (0.19%) and (normalized) shares (0.22%) compared to Twitter likes (0.08%) and shares (0.05%). Elements with greater engagement on Facebook included expressives and collectives, whereas posts related to policy were more engaged with on Twitter. Science information (eg, scientific explanations) comprised 8.5% (73/851) of Facebook and 9.4% (78/826) of Twitter posts. Correctives of misinformation only appeared in 1.2% (11/851) of Facebook and 1.4% (12/826) of Twitter posts. In general, we find a data and policy orientation for Twitter messages and users and a local and personal orientation for Facebook, although also many similarities across platforms. Message elements that impact engagement are similar across platforms but with some notable distinctions. This study provides novel evidence for differences in COVID-19 public health messaging across social media sites, advancing knowledge of public health communication on social media and recommendations for health and risk communication strategies on these online platforms.

Influence of Lived Experiences on Public Responses to Future Diseases via (De)Sensitization of Concern.

Public responses to a future novel disease might be influenced by a subset of individuals who are either sensitized or desensitized to concern-generating processes through their lived experiences during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Such influences may be critical for shaping public health messaging during the next emerging threat. This study explored the potential outcomes of the influence of lived experiences by using a dynamic multiplex network model to simulate a COVID-19 outbreak in a population of 2000 individuals, connected by means of disease and communication layers. Then a new disease was introduced, and a subset of individuals (50% or 100% of hospitalized during the COVID-19 outbreak) was assumed to be either sensitized or desensitized to concern-generating processes relative to the general population, which alters their adoption of non-pharmaceutical interventions (social distancing). Altered perceptions and behaviors from lived experiences with COVID-19 did not necessarily result in a strong mitigating effect for the novel outbreak. When public disease response is already strong or sensitization is assumed to be a robust effect, then a sensitized subset may enhance public mitigation of an outbreak through social distancing. In preparing for future outbreaks, assuming an experienced and disease-aware public may compromise effective design of effective public health messaging and mitigative action.

Perspektif Komunikasi dalam Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh: Membangun Kehadiran Pengajar dan Kehadiran Sosial

Covid-19 pandemic has changed the learning model in education to distance learning. The sudden change make students dissatisfy with the learning process thus declining the quality of learning. Research questions of this study are: (1) how to plan a distance learning that focus on building social presence? (2) how does message design of learning material contributes to social presence and student understanding?; and (3) how does the communication skills of the teacher contributes in building teaching presence? To answer these questions, this study used an action research design using class observation, in-depth interviews, and group interviews as data collection method. The action research design also acts to evaluate the research actions that have been given in the classroom. The findings of the study shows that the teaching presence in distance learning are determined from teachers’ communication skills which include: digital literacy, instructional roles or communicating messages in building classroom climate, as well as the ability to design message of learning material that can encourage the creation of social presence. This study also found that students’ understanding of the learning material also need to be encouraged by teachers’ ability in encouraging students to think analytically and critically.