Code Message Research Articles

Комбинаторика вербальных и невербальных кодов сообщений (на примере интернет-публикаций веб-сайта Reddit.com)

Reddit.com provides an excellent example of interactive digital communication. Reddit comments and posts organize information in line with certain rules of coding and decoding. They convey meanings by semiotically heterogeneous verbal and non-verbal means. The article describes various combinations of communication codes that act as a communication tool, i.e., verbal, linguistic, verbal-visual, verbal-auditory, and verbal-kinesthetic. The research objective was to identify the structural and communicative organization of semiotically heterogeneous texts in the dynamics of interpersonal Internet communication. The research involved standard methods and covered publications on Reddit.com connected with the activities of the SpaceX corporation. The combinatorics of message codes formed a set of modes and modalities. They were actualized as a model of Internet communication with speech events in a communicative act subjected to regulation and modification, i.e., confirmation / refutation, approval, accusation, ignoring, etc., depending on the channel of perception and understanding. The combinatorics of verbal and non-verbal communication codes made it possible to model and classify the information and communication organization of online publications of the SpaceX business subreddit. The integration of the language system into complex semiotic systems helps to describe mental processes and human cognitive activity. It shapes new views and beliefs, as well as increases the effectiveness of communication.

ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НА БЪДЕЩЕТО

Erasmus+ mobility has positive effects on educational, social, personal and professional development, in that it enhances knowledge, skills and attitudes, helps confidence-building and independence, stimulates curiosity and innovation, fosters the understanding of other people, and builds a sense of European belonging. The outcome shares good practices of the Erasmus+ and eTwining project „Open to the future“ in school education. The project presents the collaboration between European schools sharing innovative practices, participating in joint initiatives, promoting cooperation in the field of digital competences and interactive teaching methods. Projects topics are „Our future space. Green planet“, „Our coding message. How to save our planet?“, „Coming surroundings. Ecosystem“,“The way to our future. Let’s recycle! Sorting activities“ and „Owning our future. Eco products“.

Coding Application

Key words: message code, coding equivalence, subset code, discrete optimization problem, set partitioning, knapsack problem, variant observation algorithm The work is devoted to the development of the algorithm for observing all subsets of the set. For that purpose, coding for subsets of the set is considered, in such a way as to create a 1-1 correspondence between the set of subsets of the set and the set of codes. A convenient arrangement of the observation of all those codes allows the observation of all subsets of the set in a convenient way. Subsets of a set are coded in the binary number system (with binary numbers). The problem of considering subsets of a set arises when solving the knapsack problem, set partitioning problems, and other problems. To the mentioned general problems are included a number of specific problems arising in many fields. In the work, an algorithm for observing all subsets of the set is developed, which is suitable for solving all the mentioned problems. The developed algorithm can be applied to the optimal solution of non-large NP-complete problems. All the known optimal solution algorithms for solving large-scale problems run in practically unacceptable time (have very long execution time). As a consequence, for the solution of large NP-complete problems, approximate algorithms with polynomial time complexity are developed, by means of which approximate solutions of the problem are obtained.

Eğitim Örgütlerinde Çift Yönlü İletişim Yöntem ve Tekniklerinin Uygulanması

As a goal, in this study, a study will be conducted on the application of bidirectional communication methods and techniques in educational organizations. One of the basic and first models of the communication process was developed by Aristotle. In Aristotle's model, who is also an educator, the communication process consists of three main elements; speaking, spoken (message) and listening. It requires a resource that contains a thought, idea, need, or information to be transmitted in communication. It converts human mental perceptions into a code containing the meaning that a person would like to convey. The most common code used to explain such mental perceptions is language. The source-coder develops attitudes that can affect communication that are completely appropriate to the personality of the person. The source transforms it into a message that can convey meaning. The message is the physical production of the source encoder. Message codes have a structure that shows how to arrange symbols. A channel is a line that connects the sender and the receiver. A successful communication is received by the willing person who gives it meaning and resolves it. A requirement of correct communication is that the receiver and sender understand the symbols used. After the person analyzes and interprets a message, the recipient becomes the source state. That is, now the person has a goal, such as responding to the original source, and must encode a message to generate a response through a source. This is another valid element of feedback in communication. Again, noise, which is one of the important elements of communication, is a factor that reduces the accuracy of communication. It crashes down on the system like a cloud and can be ready above all other elements. The source produces noise that is conducive to understanding or describing something, if it is not suitable. The healthy part of communication is two-way communication. In terms of organization and management, it is usually defined as a system in which the consciously coordinated activities of two or more people are involved in bidirectional communication. Communication between the source and the recipient, if there is no reflection, loses its process quality and Decays into a linear one-way communication flow, on the other hand, with the participation of the reflection element, communication turns into a form of action and reaction, not just action. This brings with it the process that prevents communication. Key Words: Educational Organization, Communication, Two-Way Communication

Dangerous Giving in Nineteenth-Century American Literature

Dangerous Giving in Nineteenth-Century American Literature

Water-based triboelectric nanogenerator for wireless energy transmission and self-powered communication via a solid-liquid-solid interaction

Wireless communication has affected all aspects of our lives. However, most wireless communication devices require an external power supply, which undoubtedly hinders the development of numerous sensors. Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), a self-powered technology, has become an even more attractive solution to the energy problem of sensors. Herein, a novel solid-liquid-solid TENG configuration consisting of a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) sheet, a water sink, and a graphite electrode is proposed. It is worth noting that it can transmit mechanical energy by employing only the electric double layer (EDL) formed at the interface between water and the graphite electrode. PTFE induces mechanical energy generated by motion to be extracted as electrical energy at the remote end, which provides the basis for wireless energy and information transmission. More impressively, a self-powered application based on the designed TENG was successfully demonstrated to transmit Morse code messages through the water as a medium. This approach frees the constraints of cables and produces intuitive signals that are easy to translate. This study paves the way for a promising strategy in the development of wireless energy transmission and battery-less communication.

Authentication Mechanisms in the Cyber Security Domain: Hash Code, OTP, and CAPTCHA

Abstract: It is important to integrate security as part of system and software development. A computer can be accessed by anyone. Cyber security acts against hackers. Security begins with authentication. Access to systems, networks, databases, websites, and services are regulated using authentication. The most fundamental category of verification is done with usernames and passwords. In our paper, we propose new approaches to each of these authentication mechanisms, which include hash code message authentication, the Entirely Automated Public Turing Test to Notify Computer systems and Human beings Apart (CAPTCHA), and one-time passwords

SEMANTIC REFLECTIONS OF HUMAN/ANIMAL GENITALIA IN ALBANIAN PLANT NAMES

The plants are integral part of human life for food, medicine or other uses. The language of a speech community reflects the creative ability of its members, so the vernacular plant names reflect semantically the way how they perceive and imagine specific features of plants. In this context, the process of naming plants in Albanian is codified by transferring the meaning through metaphor and metonymy, or word formation (derivation and composition). The plant names often describe some characteristic features of the plant itself or of its part, in which the communities are interested. The aim of this study is to find and explain the plant features on whose basis plants are named in Albanian language, to point out the reasons of naming plants and relationships between the two codes: the human and animal body and plants, and more specifically, reflections of genitalia code and gender message in the plant names in Albanian folk mentality.

The Influence of the Low Variety in Advertisements: The Saudi Context

This study aims to investigate the psychological impact of the Saudi low variety (henceforth, it will be referred to as “SLV”) in enticing prospective customers to their commercial products or services. It proceeds from a premise that the marketing messages employed by business providers massively influences our opinions about a product or a business establishment. In order to validate such a view, 80 native speakers of SLV, representing 2 groups of simple (regular consumers) and stratified (advertisers) samplings, participated in the study. Each group consisted of 40 subjects. They were requested to fill out a questionnaire that included two questions; each question included 10 options, representing high (Modern Standard Arabic) and SLV. The findings from the data analysis reveal that the marketing message code conveyed in SLV influences customers’ and business providers’ selling and purchasing inclinations and preferences. KEYWORDS Low variety, high variety, marketing, code choice, psychology, language variation

Fakes about Coronavirus: Communicational Technologies for Constructing False Messages

Introduction. Interest in the problem of false (fake) news has increased significantly in the situation of the coronavirus pandemic, when the flow of false information considered as an obstacle to the implementation of measures to combat the pandemic itself and its consequences. The authors aim to study the existing works devoted to the analysis of the construction and recognition of false news about COVID-19, paying special attention to the procedures of fact-checking-process of verifying the accuracy of the information contained in the message. The novelty of the author’s approach lies in the use of a content analysis of the fact-checking resource to identify communication technologies for constructing fake news about the coronavirus.Methodology and sources. As a theoretical framework, authors used the information model of communication by Claude Shannon, structuring communication as a process of information transmission and fixing the possibility of noise (distortion) in various parts of this process. The empirical basis of the study was a fact-checking resource that specializes in identifying fakes about the coronavirus (47 units of analysis were considered for the period from March to May 2020).Results and discussion. In the result of the research, specific communication technologies of purposeful construction of false news were identified – distortions in the communication channel, distortions in the message code (content), distortions in the message source. We also identified the types of distortions associated with the content of communication – based on the creation of false content, recoding information (giving it a new interpretation), editing the original. Different frequency of application of these technologies for a given volume of analysis units were been recorded, as well a s the predominance of the technology of distortion of the communication channel.Conclusion. The authors draw a conclusion about the importance and relevance of the topic of constructing fake news in the situation of the ongoing COVID -19 pandemic, demonstrate the productivity of using fact-checking resources to identify various communicative technologies for constructing false messages, which creates new prospects for recognizing and countering them.

Optimization of Electricity Generation Technologies to Reduce Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Egypt

In February 2016, the Egyptian government introduced Egyptian Vision 2030. An important pillar of this vision is energy. Egyptian Vision 2030 presented renewable energy as the best solution to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the energy sector. Egypt’s electricity comes from various power plants; conventional thermal plants generate over 90% in which gas-fired generation accounts for 75% of the total output. Following the increase in natural gas (NG) projects in Egypt, NG is the dominant electricity source. Based on the pillars of the sustainable development strategy of Egypt, the county can increase dependence on renewable energies, and reduce CO2 emissions and bound electricity production from natural gas. We aim to determine future energy generation strategies from various power plant technologies depending on these three principles. To make the picture more clear and complete, we compared the environmental impacts and external costs of fossil, hydro, and nuclear power plants in Egypt. We used two computer codes: the model for energy supply strategy alternatives and their general environmental impacts (MESSAGE) and the simplified approach for estimating environmental impacts of electricity generation (SIMPACTS). The MESSAGE code modeled the energy-supply systems to determine the best energy-supply technology to meet future energy demands. SIMPACTS estimated the environmental impact and damage costs associated with electricity generation. The results indicated that nuclear power plants and gas power plants are long-term electricity supply sources. Nuclear power plants entail low total external-damage costs, in addition to low environmental impact during normal operation. We conclude that nuclear power plants are the best alternative long-term electricity-generation choice for Egypt to meet future electricity demands.

Third-Party Vehicle Data Collection for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems Analysis

Logs of vehicle controller area network (CAN) bus traffic supplemented by accelerometer and GPS data can provide valuable information about the use and operation of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) to the broader safety research community. Although CAN bus message codes are often manufacturer-specific, third-party libraries provide partial decoding of messages from many vehicle models, which can be augmented by reverse-engineering additional signals. This study explored the value of CAN bus, accelerometer, and GPS data that were logged on a variety of light vehicle models with an emphasis on availability of lane keep assist/lane departure warning, and adaptive cruise control. This study demonstrated that in-vehicle ADAS variables such as system on/off status and whether the system is actively controlling the vehicle could be determined on a variety of vehicle types. Associated control variables such as steering wheel angle, gas pedal state, and brake pedal state could also be determined from most vehicles tested. CAN messages, together with roadway features identified via GPS location, can provide a richer understanding of ADAS efficacy. Comparisons of message structure between models may also inform standardization efforts for electronic data recorders and telematics.

SARS-COV2 VARIANTS AND VACCINES MRNA SPIKES FIBONACCI NUMERICAL UA/CG METASTRUCTURES

In this paper, we suggest a biomathematical numerical method for analysing mRNA nucleotides sequences based on UA/CG Fibonacci numbers proportions. This method is used to evaluate then compare the spike genes related to the main SARS-CoV2 VARIANTS currently circulating within the world population. The 10 main results proposed to be reproduced by peers are: SARS-CoV2 genome and spike evolution in one year 2020-2021. SARS-CoV2 Origins. Comparing 11 reference variants spikes. Analysing 32 CAL.20C California variant patients’ spikes. Toward a meta mRNA Fibonacci gene end message code. Analysing S501 UK, S484 South Africa and « 2 mutations » INDIA variants. Suggesting a possible variants spike mRNA palindrome symmetry metastructure improving mRNA stability then infectiousness. Analysing Fibonacci Metastructures in the mRNA coding for the vaccines PFIZER and MODERNA. Does the CG-rich modification of the synonymous codons of the spikes of the 2 mRNA vaccines affect the expression and quantity of SARS-CoV2 antibodies? The exceptional case of the Brazilian variant P.1. Particularly, we suggest the following conjecture at mRNA folding level: CONJECTURE of SARS-CoV2 VARIANTS: The growth of long Fibonacci structures in the shape of "podiums" for almost all of the variants studied (UK, California, South Africa, India, etc.) suggests the probable folding of the Spike mRNA in the form of a "hairpin", which can strengthen the cohesion and the lifespan of this mRNA. Finally, we show that these kinds of Fibonacci matastructures disapear TOTALLY by analysing the published mRNA sequences of PFIZER and MODERNA vaccines. One fact is certain, the two mRNAs of the Moderna and Pfizer vaccines will result in a low functionality of the spike vaccine. This is because their designers by seeking greater stability, have doped to build CG rich sequences which, as soon as they are inserted into the human host, will, paradoxically, seek to mutate, like SARS-CoV2 variants, towards CG ==> UA forms in order to improve their STABILITY and LIFETIME. We conclude using new biomathematics theoretical methods (Master code and numerical standing waves), and comparing the Spikes of the two vaccines Moderna and Pfizer, that there will be very probable differences in stability and shelf life of the two respective mRNAs vaccines. However, “State of the Art” analyzes will disclose that their two protein sequences are strictly identical. By modified their synonymous codons using different strategies, no one can guarantee that the quantity of antibodies generated will be identical in the two cases. We wish to draw attention to the great ADAPTATION power - at the global scale of their genomes - of the most infectious VARIANTS, such as the BRAZIL 20J / 501Y.V3 variant (P.1). This is very worrying for the VACCINES <==> VARIANTS run: We demonstrate how the Brazilian variant P.1 which becomes uncontrollable in Brazil in April 2021 has a level of organization of long metastructures of 17,711 bases covering the genome which is 3.6 more important than that of the 2 reference genomes SARS-CoV2 and worldwide D614G. We suggest that this high level of overall structure of this variant contributes to the stability of this genome and, might explain its greater contagiousness. To complete this article, an ADDENDUM by Nobelprizewinner Luc Montagnier vas added at the end of this paper.

Code Clone Detection with Hierarchical Attentive Graph Embedding

Code clone serves as a typical programming manner that reuses the existing code to solve similar programming problems, which greatly facilitates software development but recurs program bugs and maintenance costs. Recently, deep learning-based detection approaches gradually present their effectiveness on feature representation and detection performance. Among them, deep learning approaches based on abstract syntax tree (AST) construct models relying on the node embedding technique. In AST, the semantic of nodes is obviously hierarchical, and the importance of nodes is quite different to determine whether the two code fragments are cloned or not. However, some approaches do not fully consider the hierarchical structure information of source code. Some approaches ignore the different importance of nodes when generating the features of source code. Thirdly, when the tree is very large and deep, many approaches are vulnerable to the gradient vanishing problem during training. In order to properly address these challenges, we propose a hierarchical attentive graph neural network embedding model-HAG for the code clone detection. Firstly, the attention mechanism is applied on nodes in AST to distinguish the importance of different nodes during the model training. In addition, the HAG adopts graph convolutional network (GCN) to propagate the code message on AST graph and then exploits a hierarchical differential pooling GCN to sufficiently capture the code semantics at different structure level. To evaluate the effectiveness of HAG, we conducted extensive experiments on public clone dataset and compared it with seven state-of-the-art clone detection models. The experimental results demonstrate that the HAG achieves superior detection performance compared with baseline models. Especially, in the detection of moderately Type-3 or Type-4 clones, the HAG particularly outperforms baselines, indicating the strong detection capability of HAG for semantic clones. Apart from that, the impacts of the hierarchical pooling, attention mechanism and critical model parameters are systematically discussed.

«Сохранить как…». Роль компьютерного интерфейса в онтологии цифрового мира

The article provides the analysis of the computer interface as a digital world phenomenon in correlation with its constitutive and representative function for image production. Several concepts of media theorists and researchers of visual culture of new (i. e. digital) media (M. Hansen, D. Bruno, D. Drucker) are examined in the context of considering intermediary functions of interface between the computer code message and the user. The analysis of the project of art group Share Lab about the interface and algorithms of Facebook for user behavior is being carried out. The representative role of interface in production of the ontological reality of media is considered, which is correlated both with the production of a media event and with such concept of a contemporary world as “post-truth”. The conclusion is offered that the constitutive role of computer interface is manifested both in social practices of digital media users and production of media events with attention to its representative function.

РАЗРАБОТКА АЛГОРИТМА ВСТРАИВАНИЯ И ИЗВЛЕЧЕНИЯ ЦИФРОВЫХ ВОДЯНЫХ ЗНАКОВ ДЛЯ ВИДЕОФАЙЛОВ AVI-ФОРМАТА

Nowadays authors of cinematographic works are often faced to protect copyright need. One way to resolve such an issue is to use digital watermarks. Digital watermarks are some kind of encrypted message that allows distinguishing the original work from its forgery. At the same time the audio or video file with a built-in message looks no different from a file without a digital watermark, what is a key advantage of its use and at the same time it makes difficult to playback the file illegally. A set of methods for undetectable hiding some bit sequences in others is called digital steganography. An important advantage of steganography over cryptographic methods is the hiding the fact of embedding a code message. Embedding digital watermarks by using the least significant bit method allows embedding a digital watermark in such a way that a person will not notice any changes in the video file. The article considers the known methods of embedding digital watermarks and the structure of the AVI file format. It presents an algorithm for embedding and extracting digital watermarks for AVI video files based on LSB method with using hash-function. The algorithm provides a counteraction to the spread of counterfeit products.

Building a noise-tolerant code based on a holographic representation of arbi-trary digital information

The article considers a method of error-correcting coding based on the holographic representation of a digital signal. The message encoding process is a mathematical simulation of a hologram created in virtual space by a wave from an input signal source. The code word is a hologram of a point, it is also a one-dimensional zone ruler that carries information about the input data block in the form of an n-bit code of the coordinate of the center of the Fresnel zones. It is shown that the holographic representation of the signal has significantly greater noise immunity and allows you to restore the original digital combination when most of the code message is lost and when the encoded signal is distorted by noise several times higher than the signal level. To assess the noise immunity, the reliability of information transmission over the channel with additive white Gaussian noise is compared using the Reed-Solomon code, the Reed-Muller code, the majority code, and the holographic code. The comparative efficiency of codes in the presence of packet errors caused by the effect of fading due to multipath propagation in radio channels is considered. It is shown that holographic coding provides the correction of packet errors regardless of the length of the packet and its location in the codeword. The holographic code is of interest for transmitting information over channels with a low signal-to-noise ratio (space communications and optical communication systems using free space as a transmission channel, terrestrial, including mobile radio communications), as well as for storing information in systems exposed to ionizing radiation.

Associations Between Patient Health Outcomes and Secure Message Content Exchanged Between Patients and Clinicians: Retrospective Cohort Study.

BackgroundThe number of electronic messages securely exchanged between clinic staff and patients has risen dramatically over the last decade. A variety of studies explored whether the volume of messages sent by patients was associated with outcomes. None of these studies, however, examined whether message content itself was associated with outcomes. Because secure messaging is a significant form of communication between patients and clinic staff, it is critical to evaluate the context of the communication to best understand its impact on patient health outcomes.ObjectiveTo examine associations between patients’ and clinicians’ message content and changes in patients’ health outcomes.MethodsWe applied a taxonomy developed specifically for secure messages to 14,394 patient- and clinic staff–generated messages derived from patient-initiated message threads. Our study population included 1602 patients, 50.94% (n=816) of whom initiated message threads. We conducted linear regression analyses to determine whether message codes were associated with changes in glycemic (A1C) levels in patients with diabetes and changes in systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure in patients with hypertension.ResultsPatients who initiated threads had larger declines in A1Cs (P=.01) compared to patients who did not initiate threads. Clinic nonresponse was associated with decreased SBP (β=–.30; 95% CI –0.56 to –0.04), as were staffs’ action responses (β=–30; 95% CI –0.58 to –0.02). Increased DBP, SBP, and A1C levels were associated with patient-generated appreciation and praise messages and staff encouragement with effect sizes ranging from 0.51 (A1C) to 5.80 (SBP). We found improvements in SBP associated with patients’ complaints (β=–4.03; 95% CI –7.94 to –0.12). Deferred information sharing by clinic staff was associated with increased SBP (β=1.29; 95% CI 0.4 to 2.19).ConclusionsThis is the first research to find associations between message content and patients’ health outcomes. Our findings indicate mixed associations between patient message content and patient outcomes. Further research is needed to understand the implications of this work; in the meantime, health care providers should be aware that their message content may influence patient health outcomes.

The Significance of Art Mediation in Bridging the Communication Gaps

The present article reports on a qualitative study of art mediation means to break communicative gaps that arise in the process of contemporary art comprehension. The art comprehension is a process involving inner feelings motion from a genuine sensory impression (on the surface) to the comprehension and development of an artistic message (depth). The communicative gap arises as a result of misunderstanding the code message by the recipient, due to the complexity of contemporary art. The gap in question is worsened by the features of visual perception formed under the influence of new media. The function of art mediator is of an intermediary nature and is designed to facilitate communication between the work of art and the viewer with the help of a dialogue in a group. The circular model of communication provides a description of the nonlinear and polycentric nature of this kind of interaction. The present article corresponds to a synthetic study based on the theories of communication as well as artistic and aesthetic appreciation in a post-literacy situation. As an example of mediation, the experience of discussing the sculptures of Ivan Gorshkov in the article of the 5th Ural Industrial Biennale of Contemporary Art (UIBCA) is presented.
 Keywords: art mediation, contemporary art, communication, communication gaps, a dialogue, comprehension, perception

Enhancement of QR Code Capacity by Encrypted Lossless Compression Technology for Verification of Secure E-Document

This paper provides a novel method to improve the data storage of a quick response code (QR code) by applying encrypted lossless compression technology. QR codes are used in several domains, particularly when there is a need to transfer various types of text information. A key aspect of this work is to thus propose a new methodology to overcome the weaknesses of the limited size of the traditional QR code, which has long been an important issue in a wide range of areas. The proposed algorithm incorporates a clear and simple plan for overcoming this difficulty by inserting confidential information into a QR code message. The QR code is updated through the addition of levels that help to share secure messages of various sizes and to authenticate documents for verification and validation. In this work, the newly proposed QR code does not reconstruct the configuration or structure of the QR code. Rather, it provides better security because it relies on the features of the Huffman compression algorithm to reduce the size of the input data and the principles of encryption through the XOR function, which is done through a variable encryption key. The experimental results show the superiority of our method over the previous methods. The scope of this endeavour is thus wide, and there is potential for the encoding of different types of data with a high compression rate in the near future.