Character Of Message Research Articles

An Enhancement of Security on Image Applying Asymmetric Key Algorithm

characters of textual message are encrypted through the encryption key of RSA algorithm and then to an array of data bits. After that the data bits are embedded to some suitable nonlinear pixel and bit positions about the entire image through system modulus of RSA algorithm. As a result, we get a watermarked image. After that we have formed three different image shares using any two components of R, G and B of entire watermarked image. At the decryption end, three key shares are assigned for each and every share. The system modulus and private key are calculated from the prime factors of key shares. The embedded data bits are being retrieved from watermarked image by the system modulus and decrypted to the corresponding characters by the key, finally to its original content.

Classification of Encoding of Text Message Characters

Classification of Encoding of Text Message Characters

Black Youth's Personal Involvement in the HIV/AIDS Issue: Does the Public Service Announcement Still Work?

Recent public service announcements (PSAs) directed toward Black youth utilize various formats and appeals to stimulate a motivated cognitive process that engenders personal involvement in the HIV/AIDS issue. The Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) by Petty and Cacioppo argues that engagement with messages that consist of substantive content causes the audience member to critically analyze the message, which can produce awareness and attitude change. An efficient way to add emphasis to the message and seize the attention of the target audience is to insert the message into an entertainment context. Our study attempted to analyze the impact of the peripheral cue, character appeal, on audience members' attitude change in response to analyzing high- and low-involvement message content. A2 × 4 factorial design was used, with message involvement (high/low) and character appeal (White/Black and celebrity/noncelebrity) as independent variables. The findings showed that celebrity status is the salient factor, with source perception inducing attitude change as a main effect or in an interaction effect with high- and low message content.

Evanescent Mentation: An Amelioative Conceptual Foundation for Research and Theory on Message Production

Current theorizing about message encoding can be seen to reflect a characterization of the phenomenon that is overly static, coherent, and uniplanar, including some variations on the uniplanar theme—too verbal, too propositional, and too mentalistic. This paper examines each of these points of received understanding and suggests the need for approaches that are better able to capture the fluid, disjointed, and multiplanar character of messages and message production. The dominant approach to message production, the goals-plans-action framework, is then examined in light of this alternative characterization, with the result being the emergence of a rich set of new conceptual issues and questions. Finally, the potential of a particular theory of message production, second-generation action assembly theory (Greene, 1997), for addressing these issues is examined.

Data Compression Using Dynamic Markov Modelling

A method of dynamically constructing Markov chain models that describe the characteristics of binary messages is developed. Such models can be used to predict future message characters and can therefore be used as a basis for data compression. To this end, the Markov modelling technique is combined with Guazzo's arithmetic coding scheme to produce a powerful method of data compression. The method has the advantage of being adaptive: messages may be encoded or decoded with just a single pass through the data. Experimental results reported here indicate that the Markov modelling approach generally achieves much better data compression than that observed with competing methods on typical computer data.

FOILING THE KNOWN-PLAINTEXT ATTACK

Three methods for hindering a known-plaintext attack on a DES or LFSR encipherment are considered: replacing message characters by random characters, inserting random characters into the message, and choosing the representation for each character randomly from multiple representations provided. Inserting random characters gives the highest level of security, but at the expense of increasing message length. Randomly choosing the character representation avoids this problem, and has higher security than replacing characters randomly.

Influence of mRNA secondary structure on binding and migration of 40S ribosomal subunits

Reovirus messenger RNA was modified by reaction with bisulfite (in denaturing conditions) or by incorporation of IMP in place of GMP, thereby irreversibly unfolding the mRNA. Messenger RNA in which the secondary structure was weakened or abolished retained the ability to bind to wheat germ ribosomes, suggesting that conformational features around the AUG codon are not required for ribosome recognition of mRNA. Ribosomes were not able to attach (directly) to spurious internal sites, even in extensively unfolded RNA, indicating that the monocistronic character of eucaryotic messages (in which initiation is limited to a single 5′ proximal site) is not simply due to conformational masking of all the internal AUG codons. The secondary structure in eucaryotic messages does contribute to the fidelity of the translation process, however, because when 40S ribosomal subunits were incubated with denatured mRNA they failed to stop at the 5′ proximal AUG codon. Extensive migration beyond the 5′ region occurred when 40S ribosomes (in the absence of 60S subunits) attached to unfolded mRNA, implying that the secondary structure in native mRNA facilitates correct translation by impeding migration of 40S subunits beyond the 5′ proximal initiation region. Secondary structure in mRNA may also modulate the efficiency of translation. Studies with BrUMP-substituted mRNA, in which the secondary structure is enhanced, suggested that the efficiency of mRNA binding to ribosomes decreases as the stability of the secondary structure increases.

Inability of circular mRNA to attach to eukaryotic ribosomes.

IN contrast to prokaryotic systems, initiation by eukaryotic ribosomes seems to be restricted to a single site near the 5′-terminus of the message. However, nucleotide sequence analyses have not revealed a common ‘recognition sequence’ within the 5′-proximal portion of eukaryotic messages. We have previously suggested that the position of an AUG codon within a eukaryotic message—rather than the surrounding nucleotide sequence—might be the primary feature defining an initiation site. We proposed1,2 that a 40S ribosomal subunit binds initially at or near the 5′-end of a message and migrates along the RNA chain until the first AUG codon is encountered, whereupon it stops, a 60S subunit joins, and polypeptide synthesis begins. Although this mechanism accounts for many of the peculiarities of eukaryotic translational initiation, it leaves unanswered the question of how ribosomes recognise the 5′-terminus of mRNA. The m7G cap which blocks the end of most eukaryotic messages3 is not, responsible for directing ribosomes to the 5′-terminus since ribosomes initiate at the 5′-proximal AUG even in uncapped or unmethylated RNAs4,5. The ability of ribosomes to select the 5′-end of a message irrespective of its chemical structure (that is, whether the terminus is m7GpppN…, GpppN… or pppN…) is difficult to explain. An intriguing possibility is that eukaryotic ribosomes attach to mRNA by a threading mechanism. A simple prediction of the threading mechanism is that circularisation of a message should abolish its ability to interact with ribosomes. The experiments described below fulfill this prediction. The possibility of threading by prokaryotic ribosomes was ruled out, several years ago, by the demonstration that Escherichia coli ribosomes were able to translate the circular DNA of phage fd6,7. Indeed, the simplest version of a threading mechanism (entry at the 5′-terminus of a message with translation beginning at the first AUG codon encountered by the ribosome) is contradicted by the ability of E. coli ribosomes to initiate at multiple internal sites in poly-cistronic messages, such as bacteriophage R17 RNA. Conversely, the threading mechanism is consistent with the mono-cistronic character of eukaryotic messages.

Methods of capacity analysis for a message switching center

This paper is concerned with the establishment of standard methods of analysis for the determination of the capacity of a computerized message switching center to process traffic. It presents a standard method for measuring the processing capacity of a message switching center by determining the number of processor instructions available in the center to process a message character. This quantity is then compared to the number of instructions required to process a message character through the center.