Hyptis Suaveolens Research Articles

PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THE LEAF AND FLOWER EXTRACT OF CITRONELLA PLANT (CYMBOPOGON NARDUS), PIGNUT (HYPTIS SUAVEOLENS), AFRICAN BASIL (OCIMUM GRATISSIMUM), AND FORMULATED MOSQUITO COILS

This research aims to identify the physical and chemical characteristics of the leaf and flower extracts from Citronella plant (Cymbopogon nardus), Pignut (Hyptis suaveolens), and African basil (Ocimum gratissimum), as well as mosquito coils formulated with different plant concentrations. We evaluated nine mosquito coil formulations with varying amounts of Cymbopogon Nardus, Ocimum gratissimum, and Hyptis suaveolens (10g, 15g, and 20g, respectively), along with extracts from the three plant samples. The leaves and flowers of these plants were collected, dried, and ground into fine powder. The mosquito coil samples were prepared by crushing the coils. We then tested the finely powdered plant samples and the crushed mosquito coil samples for various physicochemical parameters, including appearance, color, pH, density, specific gravity, ash content, moisture content, acid value, and primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols. The results showed that the pH of Ocimum gratissimum plant sample was highly acidic (pH=3), while Cymbopogon nardus was slightly acidic (pH=6), and Hyptis suaveolens was neutral (pH=7). The formulated mosquito coils had slightly acidic pH values ranging between 5 and 6. The plant samples of Ocimum gratissimum appeared brownish-green, Hyptis suaveolens appeared dark green, and Cymbopogon nardus appeared green. The formulated coils had colors of dark brown, black, and grey for Ocimum gratissimum, Hyptis suaveolens, and Cymbopogon nardus, respectively. Cymbopogon nardus and Hyptis suaveolens showed similar values for ash content and acid value. These properties are consistent with those reported in other studies and are known to contribute to the repellent and medicinal properties of these plants.

Podophyllotoxin bioaccumulation with biotic and abiotic elicitors on root culture of Hyptis suaveolens (L.) POIT

Podophyllotoxin bioaccumulation with biotic and abiotic elicitors on root culture of Hyptis suaveolens (L.) POIT

Aroeira (Myracrodruon urundeuva) and Malva (Herissantia crispa) have forage potential for ruminant nutrition in arid regions.

The Caatinga biome has a wide variety of plants which, despite their irregular distribution, are frequently used to feed animals. This study aimed to evaluate the gas production kinetics of Caatinga plants: Malva (Herissantia crispa), Aroeira (Myracrodruon urundeuva), Marmeleiro (Croton sonderianus), and Bamburral (Hyptis suaveolens). Buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris), a cultivated forage, was used as a control. For this evaluation, samples of Aroeira, Malva, Marmeleiro, Bamburral, and Buffel grass were weighed and then incubated in 100ml flasks containing rumen fluid and buffer solution at 39°C in a water bath. The volume of gases produced was measured with graduated syringes at various times. The parameters of in vitro degradation kinetics were estimated from cumulative gas production using the NLMIXED procedure of SAS (Statistical Analysis System, Cary, USA). Buffel grass showed higher gas production than the other samples (77.64ml), followed by the Caatinga samples, Malva and Aroeira (58.16ml and 54.05ml, respectively), which were statistically similar. In conclusion, we suggest that Malva and Aroeira are forage plants with promising potential to improve the nutrition of ruminants in arid regions, given their high protein content, moderate fiber content, and characteristics related to gas production identified with the in vitro digestibility test.

Characterization of Nano-Particles of the Barks of Vitelleria Paradoxa, Ficus Thonnigil and Hyptis Suaveolens Extract as Green Corrosion Inhibitor on Mild Steel

In this research, nano-particles of the Barks of Vitelleria Paradoxa, Ficus Thonnigil and Hyptis Suaveolens Extract have been characterized to determine their suitability as green corrosion inhibitors for mild steel.Characterizations of the plant materials was done by qualitative and quantitative analyses, Fourier transforms infrared (FT‑ IR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy attached with energy dispersive x-ray (SEM/EDX). The experimental results showed that, the phytochemical analysis revealed that,these materials have active biocomponents; glycosides, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids and phenols that could be responsible for corrosion inhibition of mild steel. The FTIR showed that, the plant materials containfunctional groups with C-H stretch, O-H stretch, C=C stretch, S = O stretch, CO stretch, CC triple bond and C–H bend at various frequencies which shows the presence of aromatic groups that could be responsible for the inhibitive properties of these materials while the SEM/EDX showedhigh amount of oxygen 64.6 Wt% in the nano particles of Vitelleria paradoxa and 73.1 Wt% in the nano particles of Ficus Thoningii. The results of the study show that Hyptis Suaveolensis (HSLP) extract blended with nanoparticles from the back of Ficus thoningii and Vitelleria Paradoxa have the potential to be utilized as green corrosion inhibitors on mild steel and could be an alternative source of green corrosion inhibitors which could serve as an alternative to synthetic inhibitors which are expensive, cancerous and environmentally unfriendly.

Effectiveness of Plant Extracts Against Podagrica decolorata and Amrasca biguttula in Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Cultivation

Okra cultivation is plagued by pests that affect productivity. Consequently, the use of chemical pesticides causes problems. The present study was conducted to assess the impact of plant extracts of Azadirachta indica, Hyptis suaveolens and Solanum lycopersicum on the abundance of insect pests of the Hiré and Clemson okra varieties. To do this, a factorial block design was set up and foliar applications of these extracts were made, after which the insects were quantified. The extracts significantly reduced the abundance of Podagrica decolorata (p = 0.0009), Amrasca biguttula (p = 0.01), Zonocerus variegatus (p = 0.02) and Jacobiasca lybica (p = 0.009). Chemical treatment was effective on Podagrica decolorata with an average abundance of 40±10.2, followed by hydroetanolic treatment of Hyptis suaveolens (43.3±15.4). On Amrasca biguttula, the hydro-anolic extract of the Azadirachta indica + Solanum lycopersicum combination was effective with an average abundance of 39.7±3.2. On Jacobiasca lybica, the chemical treatment was more effective (18±6.2), followed by the hydroethanolic treatments of Azadirachta indica (27±2.1) and Hyptis suaveolens (29±6.2). The aqueous extract of Hyptis suaveolens considerably reduced the abundance of Zonocerus variegatus (3.7±4.6) after the chemical treatment (3.5±5.7). However, no significant difference was observed between these extracts and the chemical control (p > 0.05). Yields showed a higher average number of fruits (131.83±45.6) in the chemically treated plot, followed by the plot treated with the hydroethanol extract of Hyptis suaveolens and Solanum lycopersicum (128.83±15.2).

Chan Seeds (Hyptis suaveolens L.) Storage Proteins: Isolation, Characterization, and Cytotoxic Effect on Three Cancer Cell Lines

Since pre-Hispanic times, chan seeds (Hyptis suaveolens L.) have been used as food and in traditional medicine. However, there is still a lack of knowledge about the antioxidant capacity and cytotoxic effect of their storage proteins on cancer cells. Thus, these were investigated in this study. The total protein content of the seeds was 19.5% (dry base), and its protein fractions were confirmed via Tris-Tricine-SDS-PAGE electrophoresis as 43.1% glutelins, 30.9% albumins, 23% globulins, and 2.9% prolamins. The antioxidant capacity determined by ABTS showed the highest percentage of inhibition for the prolamins fraction of 23.6% (half-maximal inhibitory concentration [IC50]: 1.38 µg protein/mL) and the lowest percentage for the glutelins fraction of 6.3% (IC50: 4.51 µg protein/mL). The cytotoxic activity against the murine lymphoma L5178Y, human cervical (Hela), and colorectal (Caco-2) cell lines revealed that prolamin exerted superior inhibition on the Hela and Caco-2 cancer cells, with IC50 values of 0.49 and 0.44 mg protein/mL, respectively. This study underscores the potential of chan seed proteins as natural antioxidants and anticancer agents.

Efficacy of Essential Oils of Ocimum gratissimum and Mesosphaerum suaveolens Against Culex Quinquefasciatus

Background Insecticide resistance is a prevailing global concern mandating the search for alternative control intervention and adopting innovative approaches such as insecticide coated curtains, insecticide-incorporated paints and the possibility of adulticidal trials using the ready-to-use humidifier. Objectives This study critically tested the larvicidal, pupicidal and adulticidal validity of the two plant essential oils, African basil ( Ocimum gratissimum) and pignut leave ( Mesosphaerum suaveolens) on Cx. quinquefasciatus Methodology Twenty, third instar larvae and pupae of Cx. quinquefasciatus were introduced into vials containing 1 ml and 0.5 ml of the essential oil in100 ml, 250 ml and 500 ml of water to form 0.01%, 0.001%, 0.002% 0.004% and 0.005% concentrations respectively. The exposure was done in triplicates. Mortality readings were taken at intervals of 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 min adhering strictly to the WHO standard protocols. The highest concentrations, 0.01% (1 ml:100 ml) and 0.005% (0.5 ml:100 ml), were tried on adult mosquitoes in a 200 cm squared cage using ready-to-use humidifier. Results Mean mortality was highest in larvae exposed to O. gratissimum. Pupicidal activities of O. gratissimum oil was higher than M. suaveolens. Adult mosquitoes exposed to 0.005% of both plant oils caused highest mortality. The differences between the mean mortalities were significant (p < .05). Lethal Concentration (LC50 and LC95) of O. gratissimum and M. suaveolens exposed to larvae were 0.011 and 0.021%, and 0.024 and 0.042% respectively. Similarly, for pupicidal exposure, LC50 and LC95 were 0.019 and 0.041%, and 0.041 and 0.072% respectively. O. gratissimum oil was more efficacious especially for larval control. Conclusion Adulticidal efficacy of the essential oils can be enhanced through anticipated efforts towards emulsifying and synergizing them with other plant oils.

Identification of Compounds in the Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Hyptis suaveolens Leaves by HPLC-ESI- Q-TOF -MS/ MS Analysis

Identification of Compounds in the Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Hyptis suaveolens Leaves by HPLC-ESI- Q-TOF -MS/ MS Analysis

Investigation on chemical composition and insecticidal activity against Anopheles gambiae of essential oil obtained by co-distillation of Cymbopogon citratus and Hyptis suaveolens from Western Burkina Faso

BackgroundEssential oils of Cymbopogon citratus and Hyptis suaveolens are known for their insecticidal properties, but remain ineffective against mosquitoes resistant to synthetic insecticides. In order to improve insecticidal properties of these plants, this study aimed to investigate the chemical composition and insecticidal activity against Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes of essential oil obtained by co-distillation of dry leaves of C. citratus and H. suaveolens.MethodsEssential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation from dry leaves of C. citratus and H. suaveolens, separately, then from the mixture of the dry leaves of the two plants in mass ratio 50/50. Each pure essential oil and the mixture obtained either by co-distillation or by combining pure essential oils in volume ratio 50/50 were then analysed by GC/MS. All essential oils and Deltamethrin 0.05% (positive control) were tested on two species of mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles gambiae according to the World Health Organization standard methods.ResultsEssential oil obtained by co-distillation mainly contained piperitone (40.80%), 1,8-cineole (24.64%), p-menth-4(8)-ene (13.20%), limonene (6.09%) and α-pinene (4.73%). However, the mixture of pure essential oils of these two plants mostly contained geranial (20.74%), neral (16.42%), 1,8-cineole (19.79%), sabinene (6.03%) and β-pinene (3.87%). The essential oil of C. citratus mainly contained geranial (41.49%), neral (32.83%), β-myrcene (13.66%) and geraniol (3.49%) while the major constituents of essential oil of H. suaveolens were 1,8-cineole (39.58%), sabinene (12.06%), β-pinene (7.73%), α-terpinolene (6.72%) and (E)-caryophyllene (7.49%). At the dose of 1%, all essential oils, except that of H. suaveolens, induced about 100% of mortality on the sensitive species of An. gambiae. However, on the resistant species at the same dose, the essential oil obtained by co-distillation induced the highest mortality (53.44%). The essential oils of C. citratus, H. suaveolens and the mixture of the two pure essential oils caused respectively 2.47, 15.28 and 18.33% of mortality. The synthetic insecticide caused 100 and 14.84% of mortality respectively on the sensitive and resistant species of An. gambiae.ConclusionEssential oil obtained by co-distillation showed good insecticidal efficacy against a resistant species of An. gambiae and might constitute a new solution to fight against mosquitoes resistant to synthetic insecticides.

Exploring the Medicinal Potential of Hyptis suaveolens (Lamiaceae): A Comprehensive Review of Phytochemicals, Pharmacological Properties, and Drug Development Prospects

Hyptis suaveolens is a widely well-known species of the Lamiaceae family. This plant is regarded as noxious exotic invasive weeds. It has medicinal and insecticidal properties and is used in traditional medicine to treat various illnesses. This review examines the potential utility of the understudied plant species H. suaveolens for future drug development and design, the existence of medicinally significant secondary metabolites, and their potential pharmacological and pharmacognostic importance . Search engines such as Science Direct, Google Scholar, Springer Link, PubMed, and Scopus were used to find data and information to write this paper. Alkaloids, essential oils, terpenoids, sterols, tannins, saponins, and flavonoids are only a few of the phytochemicals abundant in H. suaveolens that have therapeutic value . These bioactive compounds possess diaphoretic, analgesic, gastroprotective, antiviral, antimicrobial, anticancer, antispasmodic, antirheumatic, antibacterial, antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, and antiulcer properties. Among the polyphenolic substances found in high concentration in H. suaveolens are methyl rosamarinate, p-coumaric acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, prodelphinidins, syringic acid, profisetinidins, protocatechuic acid, gentisic acid, caffeic acid, rosamarinic acid, and proanthocyanidins. In H. suaveolens, some terpenoid bioactive compounds such as ursolic acid, methyl suaveolate, suaveolic acid, beta-sitosterol, and suaveolol are available in different parts of the plant. Some essential compounds, such as Linoleic acid, Palmitic acid, and Oleic acid, are found in the seed oils of H. suaveolens. Pentacyclic triterpenoid and ursolic acid from H. suaveolens have been reported to have effective antiviral response s. The plant extract is used to prepare silver and copper nanoparticles for different biological activities. Due to these characteristics, the plant may be able to treat resistant and recently discovered bacterial and viral infections instead of conventional medications.

Effectiveness of Essential Oils from Leaves of Two Plant Species in the Control of Anopheles gambiae

Background: The current method of controlling malaria vectors using synthetic chemicals has caused serious problems for human health and the environment. Hence, a need for alternative, cheap, readily available, and acceptable mosquito control methods. Objective: To evaluate the bioinsecticidal efficacy of Ocimum gratissimum and Mesosphaerum suaveolens against Anopheles gambiae using the bioassay method. Methods: Oil extracts in 5 ml, 25 ml, and 75 ml serially diluted twice in 100 ml of olive oil formed 0.05%, 0.25%, and 0.75%, while 1 m in 100 ml formed 1%. Olive oil only served as a control. Twenty-five female Anopheles mosquitoes, aged 2-4 days, were blown into tubes containing filter paper-coated essential oils of various concentrations in quadruplicates. Results: Over 50% mortality was recorded in mosquitoes exposed to 0.75% and 1% O. gratissimum compared to others (p <0.05). Knockdown time (KDT) was higher in mosquitoes exposed to 1% O. gratissimum compared to others (p <0.05). Generalized linear regressions showed that the essential oils of O. gratissimum and M. suaveolens contributed 4% (f2 = 0.042) and 14% (f2 = 0.167) to the variability of mortality with time. KDT50 (9.34 - 131.5 minutes) and KDT95 (77.6 - 275 minutes) of O. gratissimum as well as KDT50 (162.8 - 233.6 minutes) and KDT95 (302.8 - 415 minutes) of M. suaveolens were recorded. Stigmastane; 4,22-Stigmastadiene-3-one (Area: 45.88%) in O. gratissimum and gamma-Sitosterol (16.02%) in M. suaveolens were identified by Gas Chromatogram as the highest dose of chemical compounds. Conclusion: The low bioinsecticidal activities of these plant extracts could be attributed to the low occurrence of terpenoids and alkaloids.

Essential Oil of Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit: A comprehensive study of its chemical and biological properties for therapeutic and industrial applications

The essential oil from the leaves of Hyptis suaveolens was extracted through steam distillation, yielding an average of 0.08% with a density of 0.8. The chemical composition was determined using Gas Chromatography (GC) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), identifying 24 compounds, predominantly sesquiterpenes. Antimicrobial activity tests were conducted using the microdilution method to evaluate the efficacy of the oil against 14 bacterial strains. The essential oil was mainly composed of β-Caryophyllene (33.9%), Germacrene D (25.4%), α-Humulene (8.3%), and Germacrene B (8.2%). Antibacterial tests revealed bactericidal activity against most of the tested strains, with Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values ranging from 0.3 to 12.2 mg/mL and slightly higher Minimum Bactericidal Concentrations (MBC). The essential oil of Hyptis suaveolens shows significant antibacterial activity, making it a potential preservative agent for the food industry. Further studies on its antifungal, anticancer activities, and other physical parameters such as refractive index are suggested to explore its full potential.

Accumulation of podophyllotoxin in the root culture of Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit: A potential natural lignan for clinically useful anticancer drugs

Podophyllotoxin (PTOX) is a natural antiviral, antirheumatic and anticancer molecule, but it is expensive to chemically synthesize. The present study aimed to evaluate growth and PTOX accumulation in root cultures of Hyptis suaveolens treated with different concentrations of auxins, vitamins and myo-inositol. Root cultures grown in liquid medium supplemented with different concentrations of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), vitamins and myo-inositol were used to measure biomass production and PTOX content. PTOX quantitation was performed via high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD) using a newly developed analytical method after successful validation. Root culture in MS medium supplemented with 1 mg L−1 IBA +0.5 mg L−1 NAA resulted in the highest root dry weight (248.76 mg) and the highest PTOX concentration in the roots (179.97 μg g−1 root). The roots cultured in liquid MS medium supplemented with 1 mg L−1 IBA +0.5 mg L−1 NAA presented the greatest increase in root biomass and PTOX content. This adequate balance of vitamin and myo-inositol supplementation in liquid MS culture medium increased the root dry weight and PTOX content.

Impact of invasive alien plants on the resident floral diversity in Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve, Nepal.

Invasive alien plant species (IAPS) pose a serious threat to overall plant biodiversity across the globe. Nepal's national parks and protected areas are not devoid of the impact of IAPS. Unfortunately, there is a substantial gap in knowledge regarding the extent and impact of invasion in protected areas of Nepal. This study assessed the impact of invasive alien plant species on the resident plant species of the Koshi Tapu wildlife reserve. After a preliminary field observation, we selected five major IAPS in the area, Mesosphaerum suaveolens, Chromolaena odorata, Ipomoea carnea, Lantana camara, and Mikania micrantha for this study. Ten pairs of adjacent plots sized 4 m × 4 m were surveyed for each invasive species, comprising diverse vegetation types. Each pair consisted of one "invaded plot" where the invasive species was dominant with cover greater than 50%, and another "uninvaded plot" laid out in an adjacent area with similar site conditions but without the invasive species. We calculated the Sørensen Index of Similarity for each paired plot. Wilcoxon rank-sum test was employed to compare ecological parameters between invaded and uninvaded plots for various plant species. Similarly, the difference in impact between each of the five invasive species was assessed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Species richness varied significantly between invaded and uninvaded plots for C. odorata and I. carnea. The most significant impact on species composition of invaded communities (39.6%) was observed for C. odorata. The cover of the other dominant species varied significantly between invaded and uninvaded plots for all five species studied. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed no significant difference in the impact caused by the five studied invasive species on Species richness, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, species evenness, and height of dominant species. However, a significant difference was observed between the impacts of five studied invasive species and the cover of other dominant species. The crown cover of dominant species decreased much more in the invaded plots of L. camara and M. micrantha than in other species. Specialized management efforts are required to control highly invasive species, such as C. odorata and I. carnea, alongside proactive measures to prevent further spread in ecologically sensitive areas.

The Effects of Acute Oral Toxicity of Jatropha multifida and Hyptis suaveolens on Zootechnical Parameters in Local Chickens

The substantial use of medicinal plants in traditional poultry farming is a well-established practice. The present study aimed to determine the median lethal dose (LD50) of ethanolic extracts of Jatropha multifida and Hyptis suaveolens in local chickens and to assess the effects of these extracts on feed intake, water intake, and average body weight. The methodology followed OECD Directive 223, which involves administering the highest dose of the extract to the chickens and assessing any mortality. Three homogeneous groups of five chickens each were formed for the limit dose test. The control group received distilled water, while batches 1 and 2 received 700 mg of ethanolic extract of J. multifida and H. suaveolens, respectively. The average body weight of the chickens was 350g ± 20, and the extracts were administered via gavage at a suspension of 2000 mg/kg.bwt of the extract dissolved in water. The results of the phytochemical tests indicated the presence of several chemical compounds known for their therapeutic effects. The productivity of the extract was 2.75 ± 0.19 for J. multifida and 3.3 ± 0.27 for H. suaveolens. After administration of the suspensions, observation for 14 days revealed no mortality. This finding indicated that the LD50 of the utilized ethanolic extracts exceeds the limit dose (2000 mg/kg.bwt). However, feed intake (49 ± 3 > 46±4) and average body weight (436 ± 31 > 388 ± 37) in batch 2 were significantly higher than those in batch 1. Future research should explore the subacute toxicity of J. multifida and H. suaveolens across various chicken breeds.

Adulticidal activity of essential oils of Ageratum conyzoides L., Hyptis suaveolens L., Ocimum basilicum L. and their synergistic effects against anopheles mosquitoes

This study investigated the insecticidal efficacy of essential oils (EOs) extracted from Ageratum conyzoides, Hyptis suaveolens, and Ocimum basilicum against female Anopheles mosquitoes, aiming to explore their potential as alternatives to synthetic insecticides amidst rising resistance issues. EOs were obtained through steam distillation from freshly harvested plant aerial parts, and their chemical compositions were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results revealed significant variations in chemical profiles among the oils, with precocene I dominating in A. Conyzoides, eucalyptol in H. suaveolens, and estragole in O. basilicum. Thin layer chromatography analyses revealed various components with rf values ranging from 0.25 – 0.93. Mosquito bioassay demonstrated varying knockdown effects across the oils, with H. suavolens achieving 77.5% knockdown within six minutes of the observation period. None of the oils or their combinations reached susceptibility status (98–100% mortality), indicating prevalent resistance among the mosquito population in the study area. The combination of A. conyzoides and H. suavolens essential oil gave the highest percentage mortality (70%) at the least time (9 minutes), this is a suggestion of synergistic activity. Despite resistance challenges, this study highlights the promise of botanical insecticides in sustainable mosquito control and underscores the ongoing need for innovation and adaptation in vector management strategies.

Genetic diversity, essential oil's chemical constituents of aromatic plant Mesosphaerum suaveolens (L.) Kuntze Syn. Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. and its uses in crop protection: a review.

This review provides evidence on the genetic diversity, chemical constituents, and ecotoxicology of Mesosphaerum suaveolens ' essential oil. It emphasizes the agricultural benefits such as crop protection effectiveness of the plant and highlights the existing knowledge gaps and research perspectives to promote its utilization in agriculture. A systematic and extensive review of the literature was done and all pertinent full-text articles and abstracts were analyzed and incorporated into the review. Mesosphaerum suaveolens is used traditionally in pharmacology to treat several diseases such as malaria, constipation, stomach problems, and renal inflammation. It also treats cramps, digestive infections, headaches, and skin infections. To date, very few studies have been conducted worldwide about its genetic diversity. These studies highlighted three morphological variants, the blue-flowering, the white-flowering, and the light-purple flowering M. suaveolens. Its wide biological actions may be attributed to the numerous groups of chemical constituents in its essential oil including monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and diterpenes. Biological studies highlighted evidence of M. suaveolens being used as an antifungal, bactericidal, antimicrobial, insecticidal, and repellent plant. The essential oil extracted from M. suaveolens showed significant potential for the control of agricultural pests such as Sitiophilus zeamais, Helicoverpa armigera and Helminthosporium oryzae. M. suaveolens is commonly used worldwide as a pesticidal plant in healthcare, agriculture, and food preservation. However, there is a lack of studies concerning the toxicity and effectiveness of isolated potent phytotoxic substances, the efficacy screening in the field, the genetic diversity, the essential oil yield, and productivity. Consequently, further studies are required to fill the knowledge gaps.

Toxicity and Synergistic Effect of Native Plants Extracts against the Cowpea Weevil (Callosobruchus maculatus Fab.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)

Callosobruchus maculatus causes loss of cowpea seeds and its weight after six months of unprotected storage. This study aimed to evaluate the toxicity and synergistic effects of plant extracts on the biological parameters of C. maculatus from Bobo Dioulasso in order to reduce its damage on cowpea stocks in Bobo Dioulasso city. Seven treatments including an untreated control and doses of three powdery extracts of Cassia nigricans, Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides and Hyptis suaveolens, and their combinations were compared in a Fischer block with four completely randomized repetitions. One hundred healthy cowpea seeds were mixed with doses of each extract in Petri dishes then submitted as food substrates to ten pairs of C. maculatus for 15 days. The synergistic effect was evaluated following the formula of Chou and Talalay. Extracts of C. nigricans, Z. zanthoxyloides and H. suaveolens was toxic against the weevil. The extract of Z. zanthoxyloides was more toxic to adults (21.16 mg/g) followed by H. suaveolens (51.84 mg/g) and C. nigricans (52.09 mg/g). The infestation rates of batches treated with C. nigricans and Z. zanthoxyloides extracts did not exceed 1.00% compared to 2.00% for H. suaveolens at 20 mg/g. All combinations were synergistic and resulted in 100% mortality and less than 14.98 eggs/female in H. suaveolens coupled with C. nigricans. The application of Z. zanthoxyloides extract alone or the combination of H. suaveolens and C. nigricans extracts would be an alternative for the sustainable management of C. maculatus in cowpea stocks.

Impact of phloroglucinol and indoleamines on growth and accumulation of podophyllotoxin in the roots of Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit

Impact of phloroglucinol and indoleamines on growth and accumulation of podophyllotoxin in the roots of Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit

Effect of Capsicum Chinense Powder in the Preservation of Maize and Groundnut Grains in Stock Against Sitophilus Zeamaïs and Aphis Craccivora, Case of the Boke Region (Republic of Guinea)

In Guinea, forest resources (native plants) are of great importance to rural populations, who are highly dependent on these native species as they are used in addition to the conservation of agricultural produce for food, pharmacopoeia, fodder, handicrafts, housing and domestic energy. In our previous studies, a total of 14 native plant species were identified, to know Capsicum chinense, Capsicum frustescens, Capsicum annuum, Capsicum baccatum, Capsicum pubescens, Hyptis suaveolens, Hyptis spicigera, Ocimum americanum, Ocimum basilicium, Allium cepal, Zingiber officinal Rosc, Combretummicranthum, Cymbopogon schoenanthus and Azadirachta indica. Over the last two decades, a great deal of work has been carried out to find gentler food protection methods that respect human health and the environment. The most widely used for preserving agricultural produce is Capsicum chinense (98%). Post-harvest losses of these commodities in Guinea, and more particularly in the Boke Region, are still a real problem. The solutions found in this study to combat pests of agricultural stocks were the increasing use of doses (5g; 10g; 15g; 20g) of Capsicum chinense fruit powder against Sitophilus zeamaïs, a pest of maize grain, and Aphis craccivora, a pest of groundnut grain. During evaluation of the insecticidal effects of Capsicum chinense powder, the doses (5g; 10g; 15g and 20g) used per 100 kg of maize and per 100 kg of groundnuts resulted in considerable mortality of Sitophilus zeamaïs and Aphis craccivora.