Mesoporous Platinum Nanoparticles Research Articles

Advancing Cancer Treatment: Enhanced Combination Therapy through Functionalized Porous Nanoparticles.

Cancer remains a major global health challenge, necessitating the development of innovative treatment strategies. This review focuses on the functionalization of porous nanoparticles for combination therapy, a promising approach to enhance cancer treatment efficacy while mitigating the limitations associated with conventional methods. Combination therapy, integrating multiple treatment modalities such as chemotherapy, phototherapy, immunotherapy, and others, has emerged as an effective strategy to address the shortcomings of individual treatments. The unique properties of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) and other porous materials, like nanoparticles coated with mesoporous silica (NP@MS), metal-organic frameworks (MOF), mesoporous platinum nanoparticles (mesoPt), and carbon dots (CDs), are being explored for drug solubility, bioavailability, targeted delivery, and controlled drug release. Recent advancements in the functionalization of mesoporous nanoparticles with ligands, biomaterials, and polymers are reviewed here, highlighting their role in enhancing the efficacy of combination therapy. Various research has demonstrated the effectiveness of these nanoparticles in co-delivering drugs and photosensitizers, achieving targeted delivery, and responding to multiple stimuli for controlled drug release. This review introduces the synthesis and functionalization methods of these porous nanoparticles, along with their applications in combination therapy.

Mesoporous platinum nanoparticles as a peroxidase mimic for the highly sensitive determination of C-reactive protein.

The generation of a mesoporous structure in platinum nanoparticles can effectively enhance physical and chemical properties. In this study, mesoporous platinum nanoparticles (MPNs) were synthesized by a soft template-mediated one-pot chemical method. To develop a mesoporous structure, Pluronic F-127 was employed. The Pluronic F-127 surfactant forms self-assembled micelles, and the micelles act as the pore-directing agents in the synthesis of nanoparticles. Scanning electron microscopy results revealed that the MPN had a uniform size of 70nm on average and a distinct mesoporous structure. The development of a concave mesoporous structure on the surface of the MPNs can increase the surface area and facilitate the efficient transport of reactants. The synthesized MPNs exhibited peroxidase-like activity. Furthermore, the MPNs showed excellent catalytic efficiency compared to HRP, due to the high surface area derived from the presence of the mesoporous structure. The peroxidase-like MPNs were applied to the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of C-reactive protein (CRP). The MPN-based ELISA exhibited sensitive CRP detection in the range from 0.24 to 7.8ng/mL with a detection limit of 0.13ng/mL. Moreover, the recoveries of the CRP concentrations in spiked human serum were 98.6% and 102%. These results demonstrate that as a peroxidase mimic, the MPNs can replace the natural enzymes in conventional ELISA for sensitive CRP detection.

A Polydopamine-Coated Platinum Nanoplatform for Tumor-Targeted Photothermal Ablation and Migration Inhibition.

In this work, Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide-coupled polydopamine-modified mesoporous platinum nanoparticles (mPt@PDA-RGD NPs) were developed for targeted photothermal therapy (PTT) and migration inhibition of SKOV-3 cells. mPt@PDA-RGD NPs with obvious core/shell structure demonstrated high photothermal performance under 808-nm near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation. mPt@PDA-RGD NPs with favorable biocompatibility exhibited remarkable SKOV-3 inhibition ability under NIR laser irradiation. Moreover, compared to mPt@PDA NPs, the RGD-functionalized NPs achieved more tumor uptake and PTT performance, which was attributed to the specific interaction between RGD of NPs and αvβ3 integrin overexpressed by SKOV-3. Importantly, cell scratch experiments indicated that the photothermal effect of mPt@PDA-RGD NPs can effectively inhibit the migration of surviving SKOV-3 cells, which was assigned to disturbance of the actin cytoskeleton of SKOV-3. Thus, mPt@PDA-RGD NPs presented great potential for targeted tumor photothermal ablation and migration inhibition.

Biomimetic Platform Based on Mesoporous Platinum for Multisynergistic Cancer Therapy.

Photothermal therapy (PTT) using nanoparticles is one of the research hotspots in the field of cancer therapy. However, the thermal resistance of tumor cells and the elimination of nanoparticles by the body's immune system reduce their therapeutic effect. Therefore, it is essential to reduce heat resistance, improve their biocompatibility, and reduce the clearance of the immune system. In this work, we constructed a biomimetic platform for cancer therapy based on heat shock protein (HSP) inhibitors, 17-dimethylaminoethylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-DMAG))-loaded and platelet membrane (PM)-coated mesoporous platinum nanoparticles (MPNPs). First, MPNPs with the properties of chemotherapy and PTT were synthesized to load 17-DMAG (17-DMAG/MPNPs). Then, they were coated with PM for tumor targeting and improved biocompatibility to obtain the final bionic nanotherapy platform 17-DMAG/MPNPs@PM. The results in vivo and in vitro showed that 17-DMAG/MPNPs@PM could accumulate in the tumor and effectively inhibit the growth of tumor cells. Therefore, the biomimetic nanotherapy system is expected to provide new ideas for cancer treatment.

Mesoporous platinum nanoparticle-based nanoplatforms for combined chemo-photothermal breast cancer therapy

High-efficiency cancer treatment remains the main challenge at present. In this study, a mesoporous platinum nanoparticle- (mesoPt) based nanoplatform is exported for effective tumor treatment, integrating computed tomography (CT) imaging, photothermal conversion, and chemotherapeutic drug delivery capabilities. Mesoporous platinum nanoparticles are facilely synthesized by using Pluronic F127 as a structure-directing agent without seeds or organic reagents and have a spherical structure and uniform diameter of 94 nm. The surface of the mesoPt is modified with polyethylene glycol (PEG), and the prepared mesoPt-PEG shows excellent biocompatibility. Doxorubicin (Dox)-loaded PEG@Pt (PEG@Pt/Dox) is further prepared by electrostatic adsorption and the drug-loading capacity is as high as 25%. In vitro studies demonstrate that Dox can be controllably released from PEG@Pt/Dox in pH 5.5 phosphate buffered solution (PBS). Confocal imaging verifies that PEG@Pt/Dox can efficiently enter Dox-resistant breast cancer cells (MCF-7/ADR), deliver Dox into the cytoplasm when incubated for 1 h or 12 h, and release Dox into the nucleus when incubation is prolonged to 24 h. Cell transmission electron microscopy and flow cytometry also confirm that PEG@Pt/Dox could be internalized by cells. Upon irradiation by an 808 nm laser, the anticancer effect of PEG@Pt/Dox is significantly improved and kills approximately 84% of cancer cells when the concentration of Dox is 8 μg/mL. The killing efficacy of MCF-7/ADR cells is significantly higher in the combination group than in the monochemotherapy group. Hence, multifunctional nanoplatform PEG@Pt/Dox presents an effective strategy to realize efficient combination of chemotherapy and photothermals for drug-resistant cancer.

Environmental friendly synthesis of hierarchical mesoporous platinum nanoparticles templated by fucoidan biopolymer for enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction

Researching novel hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts with enhanced electrocatalytic activity, excellent stability, and cost-efficiency is of great significance for the large-scale hydrogen production from industrial electrolysis technology. We report the preparation of hierarchical mesoporous-Pt nanoparticles (HM-PtNPs) with coral-like rough surface morphologies using environmental friendly and biocompatible fucoidan (Fu) biopolymer as a surface engineering compound and its application to electrocatalysts for water-splitting. The designed HM-PtNPs yields better mass activity of electrocatalysts compared to a commercial Pt/C. HM-PtNPs showed an overpotential of 33 mV at 10 mA cm−2 for the HER in 0.5 M H2SO4, which was highly comparable to that of the commercial Pt/C catalysts (29 mV). However, the amount of HM-PtNPs loaded in glassy carbon electrode (0.033 mg mL-1) was approximately 20 times lower than that of the commercial Pt/C (0.64 mg mL-1. The HM-PtNPs also maintained high catalytic stability with a consistent HER current density after 1000 continuous operation. The excellent HER performance is attributed to the improved electrochemical surface area, highly porous structure, and good surface wettability of the HM-PtNPs, which results in enhanced electrocatalytic activity, decreased resistance at the electrode/electrolyte interface, and facile penetration of the electrolytes inside the electrode.

Mesoporous Platinum Nanotherapeutics for Combined Chemo-photothermal Cancer Treatment

Recently, nanoparticles that possess combined use in synergistic therapy, real-time imaging, and spatiotemporally controlled therapies have attracted enormous attention. Herein, we fabricated Doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD)-capped mesoporous platinum nanoparticles (MPNPs) (DOX/MPNPs-AD-CD) for combined chemo-photothermal cancer therapy. DOX/MPNPs-AD-CD with high photothermal effect and loading rate could release the anticancer drugs stimulated by acidic tumor microenvironment or near-infrared light. Moreover, acid-degradable MPNPs would release cytotoxic Pt2+, which would enhance the efficiency of chemotherapy. In addition, the inherent photoacoustic and photothermal imaging can effectively guide chemo-photothermal therapy to achieve the desired treatment. Taken together, DOX/MPNPs-AD-CD possess the abilities of combined chemo-photothermal therapy and dual-imaging properties. The studies demonstrated that DOX/MPNPs-AD-CD could effectively inhibit tumor cell growth in vivo and in vitro. Thus, this treatment platform is expected to be one of interest for the clinical treatment of cancers.

Role of Nanomorphology and Interfacial Structure of Platinum Nanoparticles in Catalyzing the Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction

This work studies the hydrogen oxidation reaction using both single mesoporous platinum nanoparticles (rnp = 23.1 ± 2.1 nm) and low density random arrays of material. The activity of the platinum catalyst, toward the oxidation of hydrogen, is shown to be potential dependent and exhibits two peaks in activity. These peaks in activity are measured at both random arrays of platinum nanoparticles and at the single entity scale. This alteration in the particle activity is directly reflected in the variation of the electrochemical current. These peaks in current do not relate to a mass-transport limitation of the reaction, and at high overpotentials the oxidation reaction becomes fully inhibited. This potential dependency is revealed at high current densities and arises due to the sensitivity of the reaction rate to the platinum interfacial structure; the decrease in activity [at ca. −0.2 V vs Ag/AgCl (1 M KCl) in a nonbuffered condition] directly correlates with the potential at which underpotential deposited hydrogen is removed from the catalytic interface. The contribution of the internal mesoporous nanoparticle structure toward the total particle catalytic activity is further evidenced through comparison of the time-current transients recorded for individual nanoparticles of differing morphology (solid vs mesoporous) and by evidencing the sensitivity of the single particle catalytic activity to the used supporting electrolyte concentration.

Tunable-Sized Polymeric Micelles and Their Assembly for the Preparation of Large Mesoporous Platinum Nanoparticles.

Platinum nanoparticles with continuously tunable mesoporous structures were prepared by a simple, one-step polymeric approach. By virtue of their large pore size, these structures have a high surface area that is accessible to reagents. In the synthetic method, variation of the solvent composition plays an essential role in the systematic control of pore size and particle shape. The mesoporous Pt catalyst exhibited superior electrocatalytic activity for the methanol oxidation reaction compared to commercially available Pt catalysts. This polymeric-micelle approach provides an additional design concept for the creation of next generation of metallic catalysts.

Tunable‐Sized Polymeric Micelles and Their Assembly for the Preparation of Large Mesoporous Platinum Nanoparticles

AbstractPlatinum nanoparticles with continuously tunable mesoporous structures were prepared by a simple, one‐step polymeric approach. By virtue of their large pore size, these structures have a high surface area that is accessible to reagents. In the synthetic method, variation of the solvent composition plays an essential role in the systematic control of pore size and particle shape. The mesoporous Pt catalyst exhibited superior electrocatalytic activity for the methanol oxidation reaction compared to commercially available Pt catalysts. This polymeric‐micelle approach provides an additional design concept for the creation of next generation of metallic catalysts.

A universal approach to the preparation of colloidal mesoporous platinum nanoparticles with controlled particle sizes in a wide range from 20 nm to 200 nm

We report a universal method for the preparation of mesoporous Pt nanoparticles (MPNs) with tunable particle sizes. MPNs with various particle sizes are simply prepared by changing the surfactant concentration in the starting solutions. Small-sized MPNs show the highest electrochemical surface area and highest current density in the methanol oxidation reaction.

Ultrasensitive electrochemical immunosensors for multiplexed determination using mesoporous platinum nanoparticles as nonenzymatic labels

An ultrasensitive multiplexed immunoassay method was developed at a disposable immunosensor array using mesoporous platinum nanoparticles (M-Pt NPs) as nonenzymatic labels. M-Pt NPs were prepared by ultrasonic method and employed to label the secondary antibody (Ab2) for signal amplification. The immunosensor array was constructed by covalently immobilizing capture antibody (Ab1) on graphene modified screen printed carbon electrodes (SPECs). After the sandwich-type immunoreactions, the M-Pt-Ab2 was bound to immunosensor surface to catalyze the electro-reduction of H2O2 reaction, which produced detectable signals for readout of analytes. Using breast cancer related panel of tumor markers (CA125, CA153 and CEA) as model analytes, this method showed wide linear ranges of over 4 orders of magnitude with the detection limits of 0.002UmL−1, 0.001UmL−1 and 7.0pgmL−1 for CA125, CA153 and CEA, respectively. The disposable immunosensor array possessed excellent clinical value in cancer screening as well as convenient point of care diagnostics.