Three kinds of mesoporous manganese oxides were prepared successfully via a simple hydrothermal method, using dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB), cetyltrimethyl- ammonium bromide(CTAB) and octadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide(OTAB) as structure directing agents, respectively. The as-synthesized samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and Brunauer -Emmett-Teller(BET).The experimental results show that the carbon-chain length of surfactants have influences on not only crystal structure and metal valence, but also specific surface area and pore size of the as-prepared materials. The specific surface areas are 60 m2•g-1, 25 m2•g-1, 7 m2•g-1,and the pore sizes are 4 nm,7 nm, 13 nm for the three kinds of mesoporous materials prepared using structure directing agents DTAB, CTAB, and OTAB, respectively.