Meromorphic Modular Forms Research Articles

Simple vertex algebras arising from congruence subgroups

For any congruence subgroup Γ, we consider the vertex algebra of Γ-invariant global sections of chiral de Rham complex on the upper half plane that are meromorphic at the cusps. We give a description of the linear structure of the Γ-invariant vertex algebra by exhibiting a linear basis determined by meromorphic modular forms, and generalize the Rankin-Cohen bracket of modular forms to meromorphic modular forms. We also show that the Γ-invariant vertex algebra is simple.

Cycle integrals of meromorphic modular forms and Siegel theta functions

We study meromorphic modular forms associated with positive definite binary quadratic forms and their cycle integrals along closed geodesics in the modular curve. We show that suitable linear combinations of these meromorphic modular forms have rational cycle integrals. Along the way we evaluate the cycle integrals of the Siegel theta function associated with an even lattice of signature (1, 2) in terms of Hecke’s indefinite theta functions.

A basis for the space of weakly holomorphic Drinfeld modular forms of level T

In this article, we explicitly construct a canonical basis for the space of certain weakly holomorphic Drinfeld modular forms for Γ0(T) (resp., for Γ0+(T)) and compute the generating function satisfied by the basis elements. We also give an explicit expression for the action of the Θ-operator, which depends on the divisor of meromorphic Drinfeld modular forms.

Hecke equivariance of generalized Borcherds products of type O(2,1)

Recently, a weak converse theorem for Borcherds' lifting operator of type O(2,1) for Γ0(N) is proved and the logarithmic derivative of a modular form for Γ0(N) is explicitly described in terms of the values of Niebur-Poincaré series at its divisors in the complex upper half-plane. In this paper, we prove that the generalized Borcherds' lifting operator of type O(2,1) is Hecke equivariant under the extension of Guerzhoy's multiplicative Hecke operator on the integral weight meromorphic modular forms and the Hecke operator on half-integral weight vector-valued harmonic weak Maass forms. Additionally, we show that the logarithmic differential operator is also Hecke equivariant under the multiplicative Hecke operator and the Hecke operator on integral weight meromorphic modular forms. As applications of Hecke equivariance of the two operators, we obtain relations for twisted traces of singular moduli modulo prime powers and congruences for twisted class numbers modulo primes, including those associated to genus 1 modular curves.

Generating Picard modular forms by means of invariant theory

We use the description of the Picard modular surface for discriminant $-3$ as a moduli space of curves of genus $3$ to generate all vector-valued Picard modular forms from bi-covariants for the action of ${GL}_2$ on the space of pairs of binary forms of bidegree $(4,1)$. The universal binary forms of degree $4$ and $1$ correspond to a meromorphic modular form of weight $(4,-2)$ and a holomorphic Eisenstein series of weight $(1,1)$.

The three-loop equal-mass banana integral in ε-factorised form with meromorphic modular forms

We show that the differential equation for the three-loop equal-mass banana integral can be cast into an ε-factorised form with entries constructed from (meromorphic) modular forms and one special function, which can be given as an iterated integral of meromorphic modular forms. The ε-factorised form of the differential equation allows for a systematic solution to any order in the dimensional regularisation parameter ε. The alphabet of the iterated integrals contains six letters.

Generalized L-functions for meromorphic modular forms and their relation to the Riemann zeta function

In this paper, we construct a family of generalized L-functions, one for each point z in the upper half-plane that is not equivalent to an element in iR+. We prove that as z approaches i∞, these generalized L-functions converge to an L-function which can be written in terms of the Riemann zeta function.

Siegel modular forms of degree two and level five

We construct a ring of meromorphic Siegel modular forms of degree 2 and level 5, with singularities supported on an arrangement of Humbert surfaces, which is generated by four singular theta lifts of weights 1, 1, 2, 2 and their Jacobian. We use this to prove that the ring of holomorphic Siegel modular forms of degree 2 and level Gamma _0(5) is minimally generated by eighteen modular forms of weights 2, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 6, 6, 6, 6, 10, 11, 11, 11, 13, 13, 13, 15.

MAGNETIC (QUASI-)MODULAR FORMS

AbstractA (folklore?) conjecture states that no holomorphic modular form $F(\tau )=\sum _{n=1}^{\infty } a_nq^n\in q\mathbb Z[[q]]$ exists, where $q=e^{2\pi i\tau }$ , such that its anti-derivative $\sum _{n=1}^{\infty } a_nq^n/n$ has integral coefficients in the q-expansion. A recent observation of Broadhurst and Zudilin, rigorously accomplished by Li and Neururer, led to examples of meromorphic modular forms possessing the integrality property. In this note, we investigate the arithmetic phenomenon from a systematic perspective and discuss related transcendental extensions of the differentially closed ring of quasi-modular forms.

Meromorphic quasi-modular forms and their L-functions

We investigate meromorphic quasi-modular forms and their L-functions. We study the space of meromorphic quasi-modular forms and Rankin–Cohen brackets of meromorphic modular forms. Then we define their L-functions by using multiple techniques of regularized integral. Explicit formulas for the L-functions are given.

The degenerate parts of spaces of meromorphic cusp forms under a regularized inner product

In this paper, we investigate the regularized inner product between meromorphic modular forms from certain distinguished subspaces. In particular, we compute the degenerate parts of these subspaces and furthermore determine the inner product on some of the remaining quotient spaces.

Meromorphic modular forms and the three-loop equal-mass banana integral

We consider a class of differential equations for multi-loop Feynman integrals which can be solved to all orders in dimensional regularisation in terms of iterated integrals of meromorphic modular forms. We show that the subgroup under which the modular forms transform can naturally be identified with the monodromy group of a certain second-order differential operator. We provide an explicit decomposition of the spaces of modular forms into a direct sum of total derivatives and a basis of modular forms that cannot be written as derivatives of other functions, thereby generalising a result by one of the authors form the full modular group to arbitrary finite-index subgroups of genus zero. Finally, we apply our results to the two- and three-loop equal-mass banana integrals, and we obtain in particular for the first time complete analytic results for the higher orders in dimensional regularisation for the three-loop case, which involves iterated integrals of meromorphic modular forms.

Graded rings of Hermitian modular forms with singularities

We study graded rings of meromorphic Hermitian modular forms of degree two whose poles are supported on an arrangement of Heegner divisors. For the group mathrm {SU}_{2,2}({mathcal {O}}_K) where K is the imaginary-quadratic number field of discriminant -d, d in {4, 7,8,11,15,19,20,24} we obtain a polynomial algebra without relations. In particular the Looijenga compactifications of the arrangement complements are weighted projective spaces.

Arithmetic properties of Fourier coefficients of meromorphic modular forms

We investigate integrality and divisibility properties of Fourier coefficients of meromorphic modular forms of weight $2k$ associated to positive definite integral binary quadratic forms. For example, we show that if there are no non-trivial cusp forms of weight $2k$, then the $n$-th coefficients of these meromorphic modular forms are divisible by $n^{k-1}$ for every natural number $n$. Moreover, we prove that their coefficients are non-vanishing and have either constant or alternating signs. Finally, we obtain a relation between the Fourier coefficients of meromorphic modular forms, the coefficients of the $j$-function, and the partition function.

On values of weakly holomorphic modular functions at divisors of meromorphic modular forms

We show that the values of a certain family of weakly holomorphic modular functions over Γ0(N) at points in the divisors of any meromorphic modular form over Γ0(N) with algebraic Fourier coefficients are algebraic. We use this to extend the classical result of Schneider by proving that zeros or poles of any non-zero meromorphic modular form with algebraic Fourier coefficients are either transcendental or imaginary quadratic irrational.

Lost chapters in CHL black holes: untwisted quarter-BPS dyons in the \u21242 model

Motivated by recent advances in Donaldson-Thomas theory, four-dimensional mathcal{N} = 4 string-string duality is examined in a reduced rank theory on a less studied BPS sector. In particular we identify candidate partition functions of “untwisted” quarter-BPS dyons in the heterotic ℤ2 CHL model by studying the associated chiral genus two partition function, based on the M-theory lift of string webs argument by Dabholkar and Gaiotto. This yields meromorphic Siegel modular forms for the Iwahori subgroup B(2) ⊂ Sp4(ℤ) which generate BPS indices for dyons with untwisted sector electric charge, in contrast to twisted sector dyons counted by a multiplicative lift of twisted-twining elliptic genera known from Mathieu moonshine. The new partition functions are shown to satisfy the expected constraints coming from wall-crossing and S-duality symmetry as well as the black hole entropy based on the Gauss-Bonnet term in the effective action. In these aspects our analysis confirms and extends work of Banerjee, Sen and Srivastava, which only addressed a subset of the untwisted sector dyons considered here. Our results are also compared with recently conjectured formulae of Bryan and Oberdieck for the partition functions of primitive DT invariants of the CHL orbifold X = (K3 × T2)/ℤ2, as suggested by string duality with type IIA theory on X.

Metrics with Positive constant curvature and modular differential equations

In this paper, we consider the problem when a differential equation y(z)=Q(z)y(z) is Fuchsian on H* and apparent on H, where Q(z) is a meromorphic modular form of weight 4 on SL(2,Z) and H denotes the complex upper half-plane. Such a problem is closely related to the problem of the existence of a conformal metric with curvature 1/2 on H.

Cycle integrals of meromorphic modular forms and coefficients of harmonic Maass forms

In this paper, we investigate traces of cycle integrals of certain meromorphic modular forms. By relating them to regularized theta lifts we provide explicit formulae for them in terms of coefficients of harmonic Maass forms.

Polynomials and reciprocals of Eisenstein series

Hardy and Ramanujan introduced the Circle Method to study the Fourier expansion of certain meromorphic modular forms on the upper complex half-plane. These led to asymptotic results for the partition numbers and proven and unproven formulas for the coefficients of the reciprocals of Eisenstein series [Formula: see text], especially of weight 4. Berndt et al. finally proved them all. Recently, Bringmann and Kane generalized Petersson’s approach via Poincaré series, to handle the general case. We introduce a third approach. We attach recursively defined polynomials to reciprocals of Eisenstein series. This provides easy access to the signs of the Fourier coefficients of reciprocals of Eisenstein series, sheds some light on reciprocals of [Formula: see text] of general weight, and provides some upper and lower bounds for their growth.

Ramanujan-like formulas for Fourier coefficients of all meromorphic cusp forms

In this paper, we investigate Fourier expansions of meromorphic modular forms. Over the years, a number of special cases of meromorphic modular forms were shown to have Fourier expansions closely resembling the expansion of the reciprocal of the weight 6 Eisenstein series which was computed by Hardy and Ramanujan. By investigating meromorphic modular forms within a larger space of so-called polar harmonic Maass forms, we prove in this paper that all negative-weight meromorphic modular forms (and furthermore all quasi-meromorphic modular forms) have Fourier expansions of this type, granted that they are bounded towards i∞.