Mental Maturity Research Articles

Factors affecting child marriage and contraceptive use among Rohingya girls in refugee camps

SummaryBackground: Rohingya girls living in the refugee camps in Bangladesh are disproportionately vulnerable to child marriages and teenage pregnancies. This study examines the factors affecting child marriage and contraceptive use among Rohingya girls who have experienced child marriages.Methods: We collected and analysed quantitative and qualitative data from adolescent Rohingya girls (age 10-19 years) who experienced child marriages. The quantitative data (n=96) came from a cross-sectional survey, and the qualitative data (n=18) from in-depth interviews conducted in the world's largest refugee camp located in Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh. We also interviewed service providers (n=9) of reproductive healthcare services to gain their perspectives regarding contraceptive use among these young girls. We used descriptive statistics to characterise the girls’ demographic profiles, ages at their first marriages, and contraceptive use. Thematic analysis was used for the qualitative data to identify key factors influencing child marriage and contraceptive use among these girls.Findings: On average, the adolescent female participants had been 15.7 years old when they were first married. Over 80% had given birth during the two years before the survey or were pregnant during time of the data collection. The main factors that influenced child marriage were found to be perceptions regarding the physical and mental maturity for marriage, social norms, insecurity, family honour, preferences for younger brides and the relaxed enforcement of the minimum legal age for marriage. A third (34%) of the girls said they were using contraceptives on the week when the study was conducted. The desire for children, religious beliefs, misapprehension about contraception and long waiting periods in facility-based health services and current service provision were the main factors influencing contraceptive use. Depo Provera injections and pills were the dominant methods of contraception. Contraceptive use during the period between marriage and the first childbirth is rare.Interpretation: Girl child marriage is common in Rohingya camps. Contraceptive use is rare among newly married girls before they give birth for the first time. The involvement of female and male Rohingya volunteers for outreach services can be catalytic in promoting contraceptive use.Funding: La Trobe Asia, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.Bengali translation of the abstract in Appendix 1

بررسی وضعیت گرایش به تفکر نقادانه دانشجویان (مطالعه موردی: دانشجویان پردیس فارابی دانشگاه تهران)

بررسی وضعیت گرایش به تفکر نقادانه دانشجویان (مطالعه موردی: دانشجویان پردیس فارابی دانشگاه تهران)

Human Resources Competency in the Era of Industrial Revolution 4.0

<p>An era of technological disruption is marked by digitization in various lives. Apart from offering benefits, the industrial revolution 4.0 also has challenges that must be faced. The challenges faced by a country when implementing the 4.0 industrial revolution are the emergence of resistance to changes in demographics and social aspects, instability in political conditions, limited resources, risk of natural disasters and demands for the application of environmentally friendly technology. The PESTEL framework is the basis for considering political, economic, social, technical, environmental and legal factors to analyze challenges in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0. Indonesia needs to improve the quality of workforce skills with digital technology. The relevance of education and work needs to be adjusted to the development of the era and science and technology while still paying attention to aspects of humanities. It is important to identify in competency classification, including: 1) Technical competence consists of all knowledge and skills related to work, 2) Methodological competencies include all skills and abilities for general problem solving and decision making, 3) Social competence includes all skills and abilities as well as attitudes to cooperate and communicate with others, and 4) Personal competence includes social values, motivation, and individual attitudes. New literacy, leadership, team work, mental maturity and character, culture and entrepreneurship make HR function properly in the community. The development of thematic studies in various disciplines is linked to the real world, project-based learning, through general education (extra-curricular) programs, and internships/practical work and the important thing that can support it is foreign language skills. Thus, competent human resources (HR), critical thinking, lateral thinking and entrepreneurship can be realized.</p>

Vybrané problémy dokazování rozumové a mravní vyspělosti

The post discusses some issues with proving intelectuall and mental maturity of juveniles. In the introduction author briefl y deals with reasons of the adoption of The Juvenile Justice Act and corresponding relative adoption of criminal responsibility of juveniles. Distinctive theoretical attitudes are not omitted with this conception of criminal responsibility. Also the adolescence process is analysed in the brief including factors directly infl uencing this process. Another chapter is dedicated to the examination of the mental state of the juveniles and determination of the degree of their mental maturity by expert‘s investigation. In this context some factual problems and drawbacks common to the criminal proceeding are pointed out. These issues are demonstrated in the examples from practice. The next part is about proving bio-psycho-social level of the juvenile. The standard procedure of the law enforcement authorities for proving intelectuall and mental maturity of juveniles is described, including possible drawbacks and the opinion of the courts regarding this topic. At the end author summarizes outputs of the individual chapters, including consideration of possible change de lege ferenda.

Usia Kawin Perempuan dalam Paradigma Hukum Islam

Islamic law does not determine the age of marriage for women, but only provides the conditions according to the Surah An-Nur Verse (6) and (32), Marriage may be carried out if it is old enough or fit for marriage or maturity". The Islamic Law Compilation (KHI) determines the age of marriage if it reaches the age of 16 years, this is subject to debate because national law determines the age of 16 years is the age of children or minors who still need education or physical and mental maturity. This study aims to analyze the paradigm of Islamic law on the age of marriage for women, the normative aspects of female marriage at an early age and the implementation of early marriage for women. This study uses a normative approach, namely examining existing problems normatively and factually using applicable laws and regulations and legal theories supported by literature data studies, research is carried out by examining library materials to obtain secondary data. The scholars agree that women can marry if they have adults with characteristics, namely: First, physically able (physically) marked by menstruation usually occurs at the age of 9 to 17 years. The second requirement is being able to be psychologically related to the education or way of thinking of a woman to deal with various conditions in marriage. The factor of a woman's maturity varies in each region because it is influenced by culture, women's physicality (reproduction), education and so on. In this era of globalization, with the factors mentioned above, it is ideal for women to marry when they are 21 years old.

The effect of intellectual capital on the Total quality management of higher education and scientific research institutions in Baghdad

The purpose and goal of the research revolve around the diagnosis of intellectual capital as the logical indicator to study an effective human resource management practice and its influential role in determining the overall quality management of higher education institutions and scientific research in Baghdad. 
 To achieve the purpose of the research, an upgraded standard questionnaire was used to collect data and distribute it to the selected sample in a statistical manner from the study population of (5) institutions affiliated with the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research in Baghdad. A sample of (83) faculty and employees in the community of the researched institutions were targeted. They are known for their competence, experience and expertise within the elite measurements in managing human resources qualified for serious and efficient work. The extraction of results was based on the statistical package (SPSS), using the statistics of the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, Spearman correlation coefficient and multiple regression, and statistical tests represented by (t, F).
 According to the results extracted and analyzed, a set of conclusions related to the extent to which the intellectual capital has a distinct role in the development of total quality management in the areas of top management, continuous improvement and strategic planning for quality related to the implementation of the comprehensive strategy of the institutions of the Ministry of Higher Education in Baghdad. Certainly, the results reached to show the moderation of the availability of the necessary infrastructure to enhance the intellectual capital in higher education institutions in Baghdad, which requires an effective review of their organizational structures, as well as attracting and creating client and human capital, as they constitute an added value for developing mental and knowledge maturity For the elite teachers and distinguished employees who possess the ability to think, analyze, create, innovate, and employ knowledge, experience and skill in the field of learning and education.
 Among the most prominent recommendations reached by the research is that it is of the utmost importance for the institution's department of the Ministry of Higher Education in Baghdad to evaluate and evaluate their intellectual assets of teachers and employees, and to develop a strategic plan that includes identifying their current and future needs for human capital from teachers and employees with scientific competence and holders of experience certificates and awards Scientific and patents.

Opportunities and constraints of women entrepreneurs in Jordan: an update of the 5Ms framework

PurposeDrawing on the “5Ms” gender cognizant framework, this study seeks to investigate how money, motherhood, management, the market and the macro/meso environment dimensions of the 5Ms may influence women's entrepreneurship in Jordan. A related aim is to offer in-depth insights and a fresh understanding of potential factors not included in the original 5Ms model.Design/methodology/approachThe study takes a qualitative-inductive approach, using semi-structured interviews with 14 women entrepreneurs from various industries in Jordan.FindingsThe paper highlights the positive (or adverse) impact of the 5Ms factors (motherhood, macro/meso environment, the market, management and money) on women entrepreneurs in Jordan and introduces new emerging factors. The paper concludes with an extended view of the 5Ms model.Practical implicationsThis study may help develop greater sensitivity and understanding about some of the adverse gender practices faced by women entrepreneurs. Policymakers in Jordan and other Arab countries may consider empowering women entrepreneurs in terms of offering more financial funds and facilities, social support, and managerial empowerment.Originality/valueThe study creates more sensitivity and awareness about the current dynamics, opportunities and impediments that affect women entrepreneurs; thus, it contributes to the extant literature by suggesting new propositions and a novel framework. This study extends Brush et al.'s (2009) 5Ms gendered framework by adding three important factors (Mental health, Maturity and Maintainability). The empirical update and contextual extension of Brush et al.'s (2009) 5Ms model highlight a theoretical contribution.

I-Three Learning Model (ITLM) to Improve Scholastic Performance- A Case Study

This manuscript introduces I-Three Learning Model (ITLM) intervention to build competency among scholastically backward children by facilitating easy input, processing and output of information. Child receives information through sensory path ways, learning ability is the capacity of the children to collect, process, retain and retrieve information. Children are unique in mental maturity and learning ability. Reasoning is influenced by the auditory, visual, kinaesthetic and tactile inputs. Competency of children with poor social and emotional skills, learning adjustment and academic performance can be improved by enriching their abilities connected to attention, self-learning, logical thinking, reasoning, adjustment, confidence, comprehension and problem solving. This manuscript is both descriptive and exploratory in nature. On the basis of standard Psychological Assessment, a child studying in the eight standard aged 14 years is identified to be poor in social and emotional skills, learning adjustment and academic performance. This case study is carried to derive the findings of these objectives and establishes that ITLM intervention has certainly improve capacity of receiving, processing and retrieving information in the children and recommends for the usage of model for building competency of scholastically backward students.

I-Three Learning Model (ITLM) to Improve Scholastic Performance- A Case Study

This manuscript introduces I-Three Learning Model (ITLM) intervention to build competency among scholastically backward children by facilitating easy input, processing and output of information. Child receives information through sensory path ways, learning ability is the capacity of the children to collect, process, retain and retrieve information. Children are unique in mental maturity and learning ability. Reasoning is influenced by the auditory, visual, kinaesthetic and tactile inputs. Competency of children with poor social and emotional skills, learning adjustment and academic performance can be improved by enriching their abilities connected to attention, self-learning, logical thinking, reasoning, adjustment, confidence, comprehension and problem solving. This manuscript is both descriptive and exploratory in nature. On the basis of standard Psychological Assessment, a child studying in the eight standard aged 14 years is identified to be poor in social and emotional skills, learning adjustment and academic performance. This case study is carried to derive the findings of these objectives and establishes that ITLM intervention has certainly improve capacity of receiving, processing and retrieving information in the children and recommends for the usage of model for building competency of scholastically backward students.

RESTRICTION OF CHILD MARRIAGE IN INDIA: FACT AND FICTION

Child Marriage is one of the biggest banes that exist in Indian society. While research shows that Child Marriages was a custom in India, there were also reasons for it that made it valid at that time. However those reasons are no longer relevant. Under various Articles in the Constitution of India, children have a right to childhood that is free of responsibilities. Moreover marriage is a contract and any person below the age of 18 years is considered to not have the mental capacity or maturity to get into one. Despite all the above reasons, India has not yet been able to totally stop child marriages. This paper focuses on the origin of child marriage and the restrictions placed over the years. It also speaks about the amendments and the flaws in the system. Apart from the Laws being weak, a major part of the society still believes that it isn’t wrong. This is why more awareness and stringent laws need to be created.

Views of eastern thinkers on the development of intellectual abilities in the scientific heritage

The article reveals some aspects of the development of intellectual abilities on the example of the spiritual heritage of the great thinkers of the East. The great thinker considers the role of the school and the teacher in the development of the child's worldview. In his opinion, a teacher should combine all the high virtues in a fair and just sermon. Each of the stages of a person's mental maturity has its place in the development of a person 's spiritual worldview and in the perfection of his intellectual potential. This means that a person “reaches the sky” to perfection through upbringing, and the best “companion” in him is to become knowledgeable, enlightened and, most importantly, intellectually capable by reading the example and book of life.

The Shadow Archetype in Mahmud Dowlatabadi’s Novel Yusef’s Days and Nights

The present article studies Mahmoud Dowlatabadi’s novel Yusef ’s Days and Nights and attempts to provide a different reading of the novel through the application of C. G. Jung’s theories on the collective unconscious and archetypes. From Jung’s perspective, the collective unconscious is the reservoir of psychic energy and the source of all human memories; also, the archetypes are universal mental structures the recognition of which becomes possible through the symbolic interpretation of dreams, fantasies, myths, and rituals. “Shadow” is one of the most important archetypes that, according to Jung, is the dark half of our being. This shadow is our alter-ego, and it is only when we accept it as a part of our being that we can achieve psychic equilibrium and complete the process of individuation. The process of individuation, and indeed of the conscious mind’s coming to terms with the ‘self,’ usually begins with suffering. Although this initial shock is not often recognized, it is a kind of summoning. However, Yusef (the protagonist of the novel) follows the path of denial and his projections of his fears and anxieties gradually make the distinction between illusion and reality difficult for him. Therefore, the confrontation with theshadow, although difficult and perhaps horrifying, is a necessary step on the road towards mental and psychical maturity.

Comparison of the effect of motivational interview and peer group education on knowledge and performance about puberty and mental health in adolescent girls

Context: Adolescence is one of the most important periods of a person's life due to physical, mental andsocial maturity. Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the motivational interview and peer groups in promoting mentalhealth and knowledge and performance about puberty health in adolescent girls.Setting and Design: This is a semi-experimental intervention study with two intervention groups and one control group. The study was conducted at the high schools during the academic year of 2018–2019 in Shahroud, Iran.Materials and Methods: In this study, 334 female students (13–15 years old) were allocated to three groupsby assigning the schools to two intervention and one control groups through simple randomization. In intervention Group 1, five motivational interview sessions were held and in intervention Group 2, training was conducted by peers. The tools used in this study was a researcher-made questionnaire designed to assess knowledge and performance about puberty health and Symptom Checklist-25 to measure mental health.Statistical Analysis Used: In this study, data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and analytical statisticaltests include ANOVA, repeated measure, Pearson correlation, Chi-square.Results: Immediately after, and 1 month after the intervention, the two intervention groups had significantlybetter scores in knowledge, performance, and mental health compared to the control group. The scores were better in the peer group compared to the motivational interview group for all threevariables.Conclusions: Both motivational interview and peer group were effective in increasing knowledge and performance in adolescent girls.

Expressive and receptive vocabulary in preschool children and socioeconomic factors

ABSTRACT Purpose: to assess the expressive and receptive vocabulary of preschool children and trace the relationship with different socioeconomic factors. Methods: 108 children, aged between 4 and 6 years, were evaluated, 84 from a public preschool and 24 from a private preschool, using the following instruments: CMMS - Columbia Mental Maturity Scale; ABFW; Peabody Image Vocabulary Test (PPVT); CONFIAS - Phonological Awareness: Sequential Assessment Instrument; Rapid Automatic Naming Test (NAR); Questionnaires for the definition of economic classification, general health and family habits. For statistical analyses, the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test, Bonferroni post hoc corrections to check significant differences and Spearman correlation were used. Results: the results found showed a statistically significant relationship between factors such as salary range, mother's and father's education and performance on tests of receptive and expressive vocabulary and mental maturity. Conclusion: evidence showed the relationship of socioeconomic factors with language development in preschoolers.

Avaliação cognitiva de pré-escolares

Objective: To analyze the status of the neuropsychological evaluation of children in Brazil and the reality of diagnostic tools for the cognitive ability of preschool children. Methodology: This is an integrative review of the scientific publica- tions related to the cognitive evaluation of children and cognition tests for the same public. The question of the research delimited was: What tools used in the diagnosis of cognitive ability in the preschool stage? The search was carried out from May to July 2018, in the Capes Periodicals Portal database, using in the first search the descriptors “infant”, “test” and “cognition”, and in the second search, “executive function”, “preschoolers” and “evaluation”. Were found 26 articles. Results: We found some neuropsychological evaluation tests of children in our country, but only one study of translation and adaptation to Portuguese and four validation studies for Brazil, only one of them for the pre-school subgroup, the standardization of the Scale of Columbia Mental Maturity (EMMC). Conclusion: There is a reality of a shortage of instruments for neuropsychological evaluation of children in Brazil, more evident when it comes to early childhood

Sexual compatibility and its associated factors among heterosexual couples: a systemic review

Despite numerous studies on sexual behaviors, there are limited studies investigating compatibility between two partners. The objective of this study was to review the factors associated with sexual compatibility in couples. A review study was conducted using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines and through searching for published English and Persian articles on factors associated with sexual compatibility with a time limit up to December 2019. International and Iranian Electronic databases including Web of Science, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Scientific Information Database (SID), Irandoc, and Magiran were searched using search terms relating to “sexual compatibility” and other equivalents. All quantitative and qualitative full-text studies that had addressed associated factors with sexual compatibility were included. Six quantitative articles and one qualitative article were selected based on the inclusion criteria. Sexual compatibility was related to self-awareness, mental body image, personality-psychological maturity, and some sexual behaviors of the subjects. Couples’ sexual companionship was a necessary component for their sexual compatibility. Considering the association of sexual compatibility with variables such as positive self-awareness and mental body image, personality-psychological maturity, sexual behaviors, and sexual companionship, it seems that using these variables can help predict the sexual compatibility of couples.

Be legally wise: When is parental consent required for adolescents' access to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)?

BackgroundSouth African adolescents (12–17 years) need an array of prevention tools to address their risk of acquiring the life-long, stigmatized condition that is HIV. Prevention tools include pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). However, service providers may not be clear on the instances where self-consent is permissible or when parental consent should be secured.AimTo consider the legal norms for minor consent to PrEP using the rules of statutory interpretation.SettingLegal and policy framework.ResultsWe find that PrEP should be interpreted as a form of ‘medical treatment’; understood broadly so that it falls within the ambit of one of consent norms in the Children’s Act. When PrEP is interpreted as ‘medical treatment’, then self-consent to PrEP is permissible for persons over 12 years, if they have the mental capacity and maturity to understand the benefits, risks, social and other implications of the proposed treatment. Currently, PrEP is only licensed for persons over 35 kg. Reaching the age of 12 years is a necessary but not sufficient criteria for self-consent and service-providers must ensure capacity requirements are met before implementing a self-consent approach. Decisional support and adherence support are critical.ConclusionsWe recommend that service-providers should take steps to ensure that those persons who meet an age requirement for self-consent, also meet the capacity requirement, and that best practices in this regard be shared. We also recommend that policy makers should ensure that PrEP guidelines are updated to reflect the adolescent consent approach articulated above. It is envisaged that these efforts will enable at-risk adolescents to access much needed interventions to reduce their HIV risk.

成熟した市民社会づくりに貢献するシミュレーション・ゲーム ―ゲームは心を育てるパーソナル・テーマパーク―

成熟した市民社会づくりに貢献するシミュレーション・ゲーム ―ゲームは心を育てるパーソナル・テーマパーク―

Педагогическая система северокавказских народов и методы социализации подрастающего поколения.

The article is devoted to the methods of socialization of the younger generations, which have been practiced in the North Caucasian pedagogical system for many centuries. At-tention is focused on the uniqueness of the system of public education, built on the symbiosis of family and social patronage, which includes the upbringing of the ideal of a perfect personality, which was presented as a harmonious combination of mental maturity, moral purity, aesthetic development, physical activity, work hardening. It is concluded that thanks to the folk wisdom of upbringing, based on traditions and customs, the North Caucasian peoples had a peculiar system of preparing young people for life, called "ethnopedagogy", which for many millennia has been developing methods of understanding the world around, therefore, to this day it is immortal means and methods in the socialization of the individual. This resource must be taken into account in the modern educational paradigm.

Adresat reklamy żywności. Wybrane problemy prawne

The aim of the considerations is to answer the question whether the existing legal regulations correctly identify and take into account the diversity of addressees of food advertising. The authoress concludes, among other things, that the current legal regulations do not identify or sufficiently differentiate the addressees of food advertising. The notion of “final consumer” from Regulation 178/2002 allows to cover both persons buying food and persons consuming food, which is crucial in the context of food law objectives. However, the protection of the consumer by information excludes from this group those who lack a sufficient level of awareness and mental maturity. The model of an average consumer developed by the CJEU also does not support correct identification of the addressee of food advertising. Therefore, it should be postulated to "differentiate the food consumer model" by constructing a more flexible definition of the final consumer or even a definition of the addressee of food advertising.