Mental Health Programs Research Articles

Relationship Between Critical Thinking Skills and Mental Health Status Among University Students

This research delves into the intricate relationship between critical thinking skills and mental health status among university students in Selangor, presenting a nuanced exploration of the dynamic interplay between cognitive aptitude and emotional well-being. Employing a one-stage cluster random sampling method, 132 third-year students participated in the study, contributing to a nuanced understanding of this symbiotic relationship. The research utilized established measures to assess critical thinking skills and mental health status, revealing a noteworthy high level of critical thinking skills among participants. Concurrently, the mental health status was identified as moderate, highlighting potential areas for targeted intervention. Correlation analysis uncovered a significant negative relationship between critical thinking skills and mental health status, suggesting that heightened critical thinking abilities are associated with improved mental well-being. This implies that students with advanced critical thinking skills are likely to experience fewer mental health issues. The study's implications extend comprehensively to stakeholders, emphasizing the need for a holistic approach to student development. Students gain self-awareness, educators learn strategies to enhance students' mental health, and mental health professionals can target interventions more effectively. Parents, as key supporters, are empowered with insights to guide their children's academic and emotional journey. Policymakers can use the findings to advocate for comprehensive mental health programs within educational institutions. In conclusion, this study contributes to the growing body of knowledge by revealing the intricate relationship between critical thinking and mental health among university students, signalling the need for collaborative efforts to nurture a balanced and resilient student population

Mapping education leadership of mental health promotion in one school district in British Columbia: A strength-based case study

Mental illness is a public health emergency threatening youth's social, physical, and economic vitality (Fahey & Koster, 2019). School-based mental health initiatives have been identified as a sustainable approach to this issue (World Health Organization, 2019). This study employed a qualitative case-based methodology to understand how educational leaders effectively implement mental health policies and programming. Three significant findings were identified: 1) the leadership of mental health initiatives formed a closely interconnected network of relationships with distributed responsibility across clearly identified roles and responsibilities within the school system and externally with the province and community-based supports; 2) Making network attributes and patterns of communication visible provided district and school-based leaders with discernable areas for intervention and growth serving as an impetus for system improvement; 3). Systems that effectively implement mental health policies and programming intentionally utilize multi-level, multi-institutional, and multi-disciplinary implementation teams by co-developing innovative ways to remove barriers to service.

Reducing wait times and avoiding unnecessary use of high-cost mental health services through a Rapid Access and Stabilization Program: protocol for a program evaluation study.

Emergency psychiatric care, unplanned hospital admissions, and inpatient health care are the costliest forms of mental health care. According to Statistics Canada (2018), almost 18% (5.3 million) of Canadians reported needing mental health support. However, just above half of this figure (56.2%) have reported their needs were fully met. In light of this evidence there is a pressing need to provide accessible mental health services in flexible yet cost-effective ways. To further expand capacity and access to mental health care in the province, Nova Scotia Health has launched a novel mental health initiative for people in need of mental health care without requiring emergency department visits or hospitalization. This new service is referred to as the Rapid Access and Stabilization Program (RASP). This study evaluates the effectiveness and impact of the RASP on high-cost health services utilization (e.g. ED visits, mobile crisis visits, and inpatient treatments) and related costs. It also assesses healthcare partners' (e.g. healthcare providers, policymakers, community leaders) perceptions and patient experiences and satisfaction with the program and identifies sociodemographic characteristics, psychological conditions, recovery, well-being, and risk measures in the assisted population. This is a hypothesis-driven program evaluation study that employs a mixed methods approach. A within-subject comparison (pre- and post-evaluation study) will examine health services utilization data from patients attending RASP, one year before and one year after their psychiatry assessment at the program. A controlled between-subject comparison (cohort study) will use historical data from a control population will examine whether possible changes in high-cost health services utilization are associated with the intervention (RASP). The primary analysis involves extracting secondary data from provincial information systems, electronic medical records, and regular self-reported clinical assessments. Additionally, a qualitative sub-study will examine patient experience and satisfaction, and health care partners' impressions. We expect that RASP evaluation findings will demonstrate a minimum 10% reduction in high-cost health services utilization and corresponding 10% cost savings, and also a reduction in the wait times for patient consultations with psychiatrists to less than 30 calendar days, in both within-subject and between-subject comparisons. In addition, we anticipate that patients, healthcare providers and healthcare partners would express high levels of satisfaction with the new service. This study will demonstrate the results of the Mental Health and Addictions Program (MHAP) efforts to provide stepped-care, particularly community-based support, to individuals with mental illnesses. Results will provide new insights into a novel community-based approach to mental health service delivery and contribute to knowledge on how to implement mental health programs across varying contexts.

Validation of an instrument to guide the implementation of strategies for mental health care in Colombia.

To validate the implementation drivers scale among first-level mental health care professionals in Colombia. The scale is designed as a tool to guide the implementation of strategies that effectively reduce gaps in mental health care. The Active Implementation Framework was adopted, which is a widely used model for measuring implementation. The participants included 380 individuals (55.56% men) - 349 health personnel trained in the Mental Health Gap Action Programme (mhGAP) and 31 territorial personnel in charge of planning mental health strategies at the territorial level in Colombia. To assess the critical dimensions of mhGAP implementation, we developed a scale of 18 items based on the active implementation framework. We conducted content validity assessments and exploratory factor analysis to evaluate the scale. We used the Organizational Readiness for Knowledge Translation scale as a comparative standard. The implementation drivers scale identified four dimensions: system enablers for implementation, accessibility of the strategy, adaptability and acceptability, and strategy training and supervision. These dimensions had Cronbach alpha values of 0.914, 0.868, 0.927, and 0.725, respectively, indicating high internal consistency. In addition, all dimensions demonstrated adequate correlation with the Organizational Readiness for Knowledge Translation scale. The implementation drivers scale effectively determines the adaptability and implementation of various components of mental health programs, particularly those focusing on community-based approaches and primary care settings. As such, this scale can contribute to the more effective implementation of strategies outlined by global and local political frameworks, thus improving mental health care.

The psychological profile of Iraq: A nation haunted by decades of suffering

Abstract The article discovers the psychological profile of Iraq, looking at the profound impact of recent decades of turmoil on the psychological well-being of its citizens. Extensive conflicts, including wars, sanctions, invasions, socioeconomic problems, and internal conflicts, have led to significant mental health problems in the community, notably the Yazidi and Kurdish populations. These groups, already affected, faced collective trauma from the ISIS invasion and Anfal campaign. Despite various risk factors, mental health support services in Iraq are markedly insufficient. The main purpose of this article is to shed light on the psychological profile in recent decades, highlighting the urgent need to prioritise mental health in health and education policies. The article advocates for the crucial implementation of comprehensive mental health programmes, interventions, and awareness initiatives to effectively address the enduring psychological challenges facing the Iraqi population.

SAMHSA expands technology services partnership

The Substance Abuse and Men‐tal Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) has expanded its long‐standing partnership with ICF, a global consulting and technology services provider, with five new subcontracts to support mental health programs, including evaluation and communications support for the agency's 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline. The agreements have a combined value of $24 million, an ICF news release stated. “These new agreements expand our long‐standing partnership with SAMHSA to help the agency better evaluate the impact of and raise awareness for mental health programs that change and save lives,” said Jennifer Welham, ICF senior vice president for health, people and human services. For three of the five service agreements, ICF will deliver a variety of behavioral health and technology‐based support services, totaling $16.1 million. Each has a term of five years, including a one‐year base and four one‐year options. Services will help address the nation's suicide crisis and include communications and data visualization support for the 988 Lifeline program (which was awarded in the second quarter of 2023) and the evaluation of the Zero Suicide Program, including building a large cloud‐based data collection and reporting system for both on Amazon Web Services.

Thematic Analysis to Understand the Perspectives and the Level of Support Offered to Healthcare Workers During the Pandemic in Ireland

The COVID-19 pandemic has placed exceptional demands on the healthcare workforce around the world (Vindrola-Padros et al., 2020). The aim of this study was to undertake an exploration of the experiences of healthcare workers (HCWs) who worked during the pandemic and their views about the support they were offered during the pandemic in Dublin, Ireland. Understanding the experiences of HCWs can help identify gaps in healthcare systems and inform efforts to strengthen them. This primary qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured interviews with six healthcare professionals. Participants were recruited via snowballing sampling technique and included nurses and healthcare assistants. The interview discussion guide consisted of questions on COVID-19-related challenges such as the demands at the workplace, the level of stress and uncertainty to HCWs, availability and quality of personal protective equipment (PPE) and the support as well as coping strategies they received, from the management to handle the pandemic. Braun and Clarke’s (2021) reflexive thematic analysis generated two themes with eight sub-themes. The two major themes were emotional exhaustion and inconsistent guidelines. The findings from the study indicated that healthcare workers were practising and carrying out duties outside their usual roles and reported very high levels of stress and anxiety. The second theme discusses the lack of consistency, which leads to a number of challenges for HCWs while implementing standardised practices. Understanding the perspectives of healthcare workers would facilitate the hospital administrations as well as managements in Ireland to proactively support healthcare providers during future pandemics by ensuring access to mental health programs, standardising communication and developing plans that will address equipment and supply availability. In addition to this, HCWs are key stakeholders in public health responses to pandemics, and their experiences can inform policies and guidelines related to infection prevention and control, vaccination and other public health interventions, as well as contribute to the development of evidence-based strategies to address pandemics.

Economic vulnerabilities, mental health, and coping strategies among Tanzanian youth during COVID-19

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated struggles for youth living in poor households. Youth in rural Tanzania are particularly vulnerable given widespread poverty, lack of formal sector employment opportunities, and health risks. We examine influences of the pandemic on economic insecurity and mental health and explore the coping strategies employed by youth and their households.MethodsWe conducted mixed-method data collection with youth (N = 760 quantitative and N = 44 qualitative interviews) and households (n = 542) via mobile phone among a sub-set of a cohort from an on-going longitudinal sample in two rural regions in Tanzania. In addition to phone interviews, we collected data bi-weekly via SMS messaging. We present mixed-methods, descriptive analysis of the outcomes and longitudinally compare quantitative outcomes pre- and post-COVID-19, within the same individuals.ResultsAdverse economic impacts were most salient, and to cope, youth engaged in more labor and domestic chores. Compared to prior the COVID-19 pandemic, youth reported spending more time caring for elderly or sick household members and gathering firewood or nuts.ConclusionsThese findings underscore the potential opportunity to promote policies and programs which address risks youth face. Recommended measures include expansion and adaptation of social protection policies, strengthened food and nutrition surveillance and referral systems, and scaling up community-based mental health programming.

The “Bubbles”-Study: Validation of ultra-short scales for the assessment of addictive so-cial media use and grandiose narcissism

Intensive engagement in social media use (SMU) can result in the development of addictive tendencies and a decrease of mental health. Enhanced levels of the personality trait narcissism foster addictive SMU. An early identification of persons at risk for the addictive tendencies can contribute to the protection of their mental health. Very brief valid screening instruments implemented in general mental health programs and in therapeutic settings are supportive tools in this regard. In two studies on representative German population samples, we developed and validated four ultra-short scales – the “bubbles” – that consist of only one item per construct/subscale based on the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS; Andreassen, Pallesen, & Griffiths, 2017) and the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI-13; Gentile et al., 2013) for the assessment of addictive SMU (one bubble) and narcissism (one bubble per subscale). The results of Study 1 (N = 700) and Study 2 (N = 770) showed that the bubbles are valid instruments that fit the original instruments on the factor level; the bubbles largely replicated their association pattern with demographic variables, social media-related, personality-related and mental health-related variables. Their shortness prevents fatigue, motivation decrease, and participants’ dropout. Due to their time- and cost-efficiency, the bubbles can be used as brief screening tools in research (e.g., large-scale studies, longitudinal studies) and in praxis (e.g., mental health programs). Future research should validate the bubbles cross-nationally, in children and adolescents, and in clinical contexts.

Mental Disorders and Mental Health Promotion in Police Officers.

The number of police officers suffering from mental illnesses is becoming a significant public health concern. Police officers are more likely to experience mental health problems than the general population. The use of effective mental health promotion programs can assist in reducing police officers' psychological problems. In this paper author reviews existing literature on mental disorders and mental health promotion among police officers. This review emphasizes the importance of mental health promotion and programs in improving police officers' well-being and decreasing mental disorders. The prevalence of mental disorders, risk factors, and negative consequences are explained. Furthermore, examples of programs or interventions to promote mental health, and recommendations for further study are presented. Therefore, this review could be useful in developing intervention program to support police officers' health.

Navigating whiteness: affective relational intensities of non-clinical psychosocial support by and for culturally and linguistically diverse people.

Mental health is political, with intersecting economic, cultural, racialized, and affective dimensions making up the care assemblage, signalling how care is conceptualised and who is deserving of care. In this article, we examine emotions circulating in a non-clinical psychosocial support program for culturally and linguistically diverse people experiencing mental ill-health, foregrounding the relations between culture, race, economy, and assumptions underpinning understandings of care. The mental health program under study offers psychosocial support for culturally and linguistically diverse people to manage life challenges and mental ill-health exacerbated by navigating the complexities of Australia's health and social care systems. We draw on interviews with clients, staff, and providers of intersecting services, employing Ahmed's concept of affective economies and Savreemootoo's concept of navigating whiteness to examine the care assemblage within interview transcripts. We provide insight into affective intensities such as hate, anger, and indifference embedded in white Anglo-centric services, positioning culturally and linguistically diverse people on the margins of care. Non-clinical psychosocial support programs can counter such affective intensities by training and employing multicultural peer support workers-people with lived experience-prioritising relational and place-based approaches to care and supporting and providing clients with relevant skills to navigate an Anglo-centric care system. However, this support is filled with affective tensions: (com)passion, frustration and fatigue circulate and clash due to the scarcity of resources, further signalling what type of care (and with/for whom) is prioritised within Australian relations of care.

Technology-Enabled Collaborative Care for Type-2 Diabetes and Mental Health (TECC-D): Findings From a Mixed Methods Feasibility Trial of a Responsive Co-Designed Virtual Health Coaching Intervention.

Type-2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex chronic condition associated with a lower quality of life due to disease specific distress. While there is growing support for personalized diabetes programs, care for mental health challenges is often fragmented and limited by access to psychiatry, and integration of care. The use of communication technology to improve team based collaborative care to bridge these gaps is promising but untested. We conducted an explanatory sequential mixed methods study to assess the feasibility and acceptability of the co-designed Technology-Enabled Collaborative Care for Diabetes and Mental Health (TECC-D) program. Participants included adults aged ≥18 years who had a clinical diagnosis of T2D, and self-reported mental health concerns. 31 participants completed the 8-week virtual TECC-D program. Findings indicate that the program is feasible and acceptable and indicate that there is a role for virtual diabetes and mental health care. The TECC-D program, designed through an iterative co-design process and supported by innovative, responsive adaptations led to good uptake and satisfaction. The TECC-D model is a feasible and scalable care solution that empowers individuals living with T2D and mental health concerns to take an active role in their care.

Towards Creating Effective Strategies for Communicating with Victims of Trauma in Nigeria

The rising incidence of trauma cases in Nigeria poses a significant challenge to the well-being of individuals and communities, necessitating effective communication strategies for supporting victims. This exploratory study, grounded in Social Cognitive Theory, explores the multifaceted landscape of trauma communication within the Nigerian context. Utilizing a qualitative approach, the study relied on recent research and empirical studies to address key issues on the subject. The article focuses on the importance of understanding cultural nuances and tailoring communication strategies to diverse backgrounds. Building on three key research questions with a focus on methods of communicating with trauma victims, barriers to communicating with them and strategies tailored towards meeting the cultural needs of trauma victims, the study discusses the implications of its findings, highlighting potential avenues for further research. The conclusion underscores the importance of a multi-faceted and culturally sensitive approach to trauma communication in Nigeria. The recommendations provide actionable insights for stakeholders, including de-stigmatization campaigns, community-based mental health programmes, cultural competence training, and the integration of technology. These recommendations aim to guide policymakers, mental health professionals, the media and community leaders in developing effective and culturally informed communication strategies for trauma victims in Nigeria to manage the rising situation. Keywords: Communication, Trauma, Barriers, Victims, Nigeria.

Wellbeing in the Workplace: A Post Covid-19 Survey of Mental Health among Academic and Support Personnel

This paper is a straightforward assessment of the mental health of the academic and support personnel in a university setting within the context of the post-era of the COVID-19 Pandemic. The study utilized a mental health questionnaire (Masanda, 2020) that covers a spectra of mental health functioning among adult individuals. Faculty members and academic support personnel across the 9 campuses of the National University Philippines participated in this study. Results yielded high scores which suggested that they were able to use various life skills effectively, able to work comfortably with other people, able to meet the demands of everyday life, have a healthy expression of emotions, generally optimistic, they tend to feel good about themselves, responsible, adaptable, assertive, and team players. Furthermore, there is no significant difference between the academic and support personnel in terms of their mental health (t=2.04, p value: 0.42). it can therefore be inferred that the academic setting among the participants provided an equal opportunity for their employees to flourish personally and grow professionally amidst the post-pandemic era. Pertinent recommendations about an institutionalized and comprehensive mental health program are put forth that are aimed to maintain a good, effective, and functioning mental health among its personnel.

Reducing stress among new boarding school students: The impact of Al-Qur'an reading intensity analyzed through expert systems and PHP

This study investigates the impact of Al-Qur'an reading intensity on stress reduction among new students at Insan Scholar Boarding School, utilizing an expert system and PHP methods. Employing an experimental design and quantitative data analysis, this study compares stress levels before and after the implementation of an intensive Quran reading intervention. The data collection instrument uses a psychological scale, namely the DASS stress scale (Depression Anxiety own scale) adapted from the character lovibond & lovibond. Results indicate a significant decrease in stress levels among participants engaged in Quran reading activities compared to those who did not participate. These findings underline the importance of spiritual practices in stress management and suggest integrating Quran reading activities into mental health programs in educational environments. The study offers new insights into the application of spiritual methods alongside information technology to support students' psychological well-being, contributing significantly to stress management practices in similar educational settings. The implications of this research emphasize the need to recognize and integrate the spiritual dimension as a crucial component in stress reduction programs, as well as the potential for information technology applications to facilitate spiritual activities.

Prediction of emergency department revisits among child and youth mental health outpatients using deep learning techniques

BackgroundThe proportion of Canadian youth seeking mental health support from an emergency department (ED) has risen in recent years. As EDs typically address urgent mental health crises, revisiting an ED may represent unmet mental health needs. Accurate ED revisit prediction could aid early intervention and ensure efficient healthcare resource allocation. We examine the potential increased accuracy and performance of graph neural network (GNN) machine learning models compared to recurrent neural network (RNN), and baseline conventional machine learning and regression models for predicting ED revisit in electronic health record (EHR) data.MethodsThis study used EHR data for children and youth aged 4–17 seeking services at McMaster Children’s Hospital’s Child and Youth Mental Health Program outpatient service to develop and evaluate GNN and RNN models to predict whether a child/youth with an ED visit had an ED revisit within 30 days. GNN and RNN models were developed and compared against conventional baseline models. Model performance for GNN, RNN, XGBoost, decision tree and logistic regression models was evaluated using F1 scores.ResultsThe GNN model outperformed the RNN model by an F1-score increase of 0.0511 and the best performing conventional machine learning model by an F1-score increase of 0.0470. Precision, recall, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and positive and negative predictive values showed that the GNN model performed the best, and the RNN model performed similarly to the XGBoost model. Performance increases were most noticeable for recall and negative predictive value than for precision and positive predictive value.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the improved accuracy and potential utility of GNN models in predicting ED revisits among children and youth, although model performance may not be sufficient for clinical implementation. Given the improvements in recall and negative predictive value, GNN models should be further explored to develop algorithms that can inform clinical decision-making in ways that facilitate targeted interventions, optimize resource allocation, and improve outcomes for children and youth.

Depression, Anxiety and Stress among University Students during the Covid-19 Pandemic in Trinidad and Tobago: A Web-Based Cross-Sectional Survey.

Background & Aim: The COVID-19 pandemic has the potential to significantly affect the mental health of Nursing students, as they care for patients during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study aimed to assess the mental health of undergraduate nursing students particularly about depression, anxiety, and stress in a Nursing School in Trinidad and Tobago during the pandemic. Methods: This study was a descriptive, quantitative, cross-sectional web-based study in which participants (n=65) were selected via random sampling. The DASS-21 item self-administered questionnaire consisted of questions that assessed the desired variables. Multivariable statistical methods were applied to identify independent predictors for Depression, Anxiety, and Stress among the participants. Results: The data showed that a majority of nursing students exhibited extremely severe levels of anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. There was a significantly higher proportion of nursing students with normal depression (n = 65 ; p < 0.05). There was a significantly higher proportion of nursing students with extremely severe anxiety (n = 65 ; p < 0.05). There was a significantly higher proportion of nursing students with normal stress levels (n = 65 ; p < 0.05). There was no significant association between age and depression (p = 0.52). Conclusions: This study aimed to show the psychological impact of COVID-19 such as depression, anxiety, and stress during the COVID-19 Pandemic among university students at the selected University. The findings of this study will help serve as baseline data for policymakers and programmers to develop comprehensive mental health programs to assist individuals in managing the psychological impact of the pandemic on University nursing students.

Child and adolescent mental health services in Khartoum State, Sudan: a desktop situational analysis.

Sudan is a Northeast African country, with 61.7% of its population under 24 years. With a large youth population and significant cultural and linguistic diversity, Sudan, like most low-income countries, has contributed minimal data to global child and adolescent mental health (CAMH) research. This study aimed to perform the first ever situational analysis of CAMH services and systems in Khartoum State, Sudan. The study focused on Khartoum state and covered the calendar years 2019 and 2020. Using the World Health Organization Assessment Instrument for Mental Health Systems (WHO-AIMS) version 2.2 adapted for CAMH, the study focused on the publically available data sources. Findings were described and presented in tables and figures using the WHO-AIMS template. The situational analysis found no CAMH-specific policies, no separate budget for CAMH, and no supervising body for CAMH services in Khartoum. Three tertiary mental health hospitals provided CAMH services, all combined with adult mental health services. Essential medicines were available in all facilities, except methylphenidate available only in 3 central pharmacies. There was no free access to essential psychotropic drugs for children and adolescents except in emergency settings. Data about training to primary healthcare providers and the process of referral to specialized services were limited. A school mental health programme existed which provided early identification and management of CAMH problems in schools. The workforce was small and variable across all levels of care. No formal public health awareness campaigns and little evidence of formal intersectoral collaboration on CAMH were identified. A health information system existed, but no CAMH-specific items were reported. Among a handful of publications on CAMH, no national studies on CAMH were identified. This situational analysis represented the first systematic collation of data and information about CAMH in Sudan. Findings highlighted some areas of strength, but also many gaps in CAMH services and systems. We acknowledge the need to complement the desktop analysis with in-depth data collection with stakeholders across multiple levels, but hope that this will serve as a first step towards strengthening CAMH services in Sudan and other low-income countries.

Are codesigned programmes more difficult to implement? A qualitative study of staff perceptions on the implementation of a new youth mental health programme.

Codesigned interventions are becoming more common in health services and, in particular, in the design and development of mental health programmes and interventions. However, previous research has established that the transition from codesign to implementation can experience several challenges and that this transition process has received little research attention. The aim of this study was to explore the experience of staff members charged with the implementation of a codesigned intervention for young people and adolescents at risk of suicide. Five staff members involved in the implementation of the new codesigned programme took part in semi-structured interviews. The study involved qualitative evaluation of staff experiences during the implementation of a new child and youth suicide intervention. Interviews were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. The analysis identified four themes of 'disconnect', 'operational challenges, 'service user' and 'being authentic'. 'Disconnect' captures the difficulties of implementing a codesigned programme which leads to 'operational challenges' in meeting broader expectations while ensuring the feasibility of the programme. The third theme, 'service user', captures the realisation that the young people accessing the new service were different to those involved in the codesign process. The final theme, 'being authentic', highlights how staff needed to be responsive and flexible while remaining true to the principles proposed in the codesign. This study yielded some valuable insights into the challenges around the implementation of a codesigned intervention, an under-researched area. The findings suggest that adaption of the design may be necessary, if it is not informed by implementation constraints, making it necessary for the implementation team to be well-briefed on the initial design and given plenty of time to make the necessary adjustments in a coproduction process. Limitations for the generalisation of the results include a small sample of staff and particular challenges that may be unique to this study. The present study highlights that for health services undertaking codesign approaches, appropriate time and resources need to be considered for the implementation phase of an initiative, to ensure that there is effective translation from design to implementation and that new codesigned services can be effective within operational constraints. The authors would like to thank and acknowledge the young people with a lived-experience and their carers who participated in the codesign process and research evaluation component of this study. We also wish to thank the clinical staff, peer workers and family peer workers who participated in the evaluation.

Prevalence and correlates of depression and anxiety symptoms among older adults in Shenzhen, China: a cross-sectional population-based study

ObjectivesTo investigate the prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms among older adults in an urban district in China, as well as their associated factors.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingGeneral communities in Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.ParticipantsA...