Cognitions Research Articles

P-1910. Long COVID Resolution Status and Health Impacts

Abstract Background Many Americans continue to experience Long COVID (LC), which can affect a broad range of physical and mental functions. Understanding symptom prevalence is important to developing public health response. Methods An online survey was conducted by the US Census Bureau (N=68,544). Self-reported health metrics (mobility, seeing, hearing and concentration) were compared between those reporting unresolved LC (LC-U), resolved LC (LC-R), previous short COVID (SC), and those not contracting COVID (NC). Data were analyzed using χ2 and between group contrast analysis. Results Among those surveyed, 42.2% experienced SC, 41.3% did not experience COVID-19 (NC), 9.7% experienced LC-R, and 6.8% had LC-U. At least some mobility impairment was reported by 28.7% of NC respondents and 27.6% of LC-R (ns). LC-U reported significantly greater mobility impairment (38.1%, p< .05) and SC reported less (15.8%, p< .05). LC-U were most likely to report difficulty seeing (46.8%), followed by LC-R (37.2%), NC (30.5%), and SC (23.3%) (all comparisons p< .05). NC (19.5%) and LC-R (19.6%) were about equally likely to report any hearing difficulty (ns). LC-U reported significantly greater difficulty hearing (27.0%, p< .05) and SC reported significantly less (15.0%, p< .05). LC-U were most likely to report any difficulty concentrating or remembering (55.1%), followed by LC-R (40.4%), NC (28.9%) and SC (22.2%, all comparisons p< .05). Conclusion LC-U respondents reported the greatest difficulty across all four variables while SCreported the least. NC and LC-R reported similar hearing and mobility challenges, but LC-R performed worse than NC on seeing and concentration. It seems paradoxical that SC respondents reported fewer challenges than NC, but perhaps those who experienced SC were healthier to begin with and thus less vigilant about avoiding COVID. Despite claiming resolved LC, LC-R still reported worse seeing and concentration than both SC and NC (albeit better than LC-U). Additional research is needed to examine both the factors associated with contracting LC and the long-term effects that may remain even after people believe they have recovered from LC. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Major Depressive Disorder as a Condition Negatively Impacting Both Mental and Physical Functioning. What to Do When There Is Treatment Resistance?

The objective of this article is to assess the efficacy and safety of diverse therapeutic strategies for treatment-resistant depression (TRD), encompassing both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. Additionally, the review identifies potential avenues for future research within this domain. The article compares the results of selected studies. We conducted a literature search in November of 2024, using PubMed. Six studies were identified, chosen, and appraised. Among these studies, three are systematic reviews and three are narrative literature reviews. If it comes to treatment efficacy studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of several strategies. Ketamine and esketamine have shown rapid and substantial efficacy in mitigating the symptoms of TRD. Augmentation with aripiprazole and quetiapine has also been found to enhance the response to antidepressant treatment. The combination of olanzapine and fluoxetine is effective for treating TRD, however, it may be associated with metabolic side effects. Augmentation with lithium, triiodothyronine (T3), and lamotrigine shows promising results, though further research is required to fully evaluate their efficacy and safety in TRD management. The management of TRD is associated with several challenges. These include the absence of a standardized definition and grading system, which impedes the comparison of research outcomes. The multifactorial nature of TRD further complicates the development of a universal treatment strategy. Summarizing, there are several treatment strategies available for TRD, however, the most effective approach should be personalized for each patient. Ongoing research is critical to advancing our understanding of TRD and developing more effective therapeutic options.

Epistolary Writing: From Divine Gift to Literary Creation

In the movement of human thought, there are two dimensions that affect and influence each other: one reflects the features of mental function, which deals with material reality in analysis, conclusions, and impact. The second function is symbolic, by which a person reaches his imagination, goes beyond his senses, and opens up to everything that is amazing and extraordinary. No matter how much we achieve in scientific progress, a symbolic horizon is still necessary in order to overcome the conditions of doubt, suspicion, and boredom, and achieve a balance between scientific knowledge and imagination, restriction and absolute, and mundane and sacred. Within a host argument, the symbol is renewed and imagination is enriched. There are many manifestations of this meeting between the mundane and the religious in Arabic literature, and this is the relationship between literature and the sacred that stands out to us. It is therefore evident that epistolary literature, being an ancient literary genre, is similar to the sacred in that it quotes the sacred as the formative conditions of its sender and message. The research used the comparative approach and the descriptive analytical approach to reveal the manifestations of this similarity, its limitations, and the extent of its ability to enrich the literature of epistolary. It has been concluded from all this that when the epistolary was opened to the sacred world, it recalled most of its religious loads and gave it the literary message until it was raised, among the ancient epistolaries, to the rank of the sacred message in form and content.

Research on Music Therapy for Dementia Patients

Music therapy is a new and mature frontier discipline. Based on the theory and method of psychotherapy, it employs the special physical and mental function of music to help patients, under the guidance of a music therapist, overcome psychological obstacles and improve mental and physical well-being. With the ongoing aging of the population, the number of Alzheimer's disease diagnoses is expected to rise. In the management of dementia among the elderly, music therapy stands out as a valuable non-pharmacological approach, impacting cognition, emotion, and behavior positively. Currently, the application of musical interventions for alleviating cognitive and behavioral symptoms in dementia patients has gained widespread acceptance as an alternative treatment method, with many positive results being achieved. This study explores the therapeutic development of music therapy in treating Alzheimers disease. The main reason music can regulate emotions is that it can trigger emotional reactions and affect an individual's emotional state through various physiological and psychological mechanisms. This article synthesizes existing literature to find that music therapy has specific therapeutic effects on patients, including memory improvement, enhanced cognitive function, and emotional restoration, and presents practical examples of its implementation.

Evaluating the Effect on Infants and Parents Attending the Parent-Child Psychological Support Programme®, a Community-Based Program to Promote Attachment Security.

The foremost index of caregiving quality is child attachment, as supported by attachment theory. Research supports the relevance of early parenting interventions in improving child outcomes in attachment quality to promote public health because of their long-term effects on mental health and functioning. This study aimed at evaluating the impact on both parenting and child outcomes of the Parent-Child Psychological Support Programme® (PCPS), a community-based program individually tailored to parents and their infants during periodic center-based visits to promote attachment security. The evaluation involved two cohorts from "vulnerable populations" and used the resources embedded in the program design without interfering with the normal functioning of the service. From an evaluative research approach, the effects on mothers and children were assessed using a quantitative approach. Pre- and post-test measures (parenting questionnaires) and child attachment quality assessments through the Strange Situation Procedure were examined. The equivalence of the cohorts was verified and used as a baseline for parenting outcomes. PCPS participants demonstrated increased parental competence and self-efficacy, as well as reduced levels of parenting stress. Analysis of the two cohorts showed a significant difference in the number of visits and proxies for intervention, which were associated with the expected pre-post changes in parenting dimensions. The proportion of securely attached children was significantly higher in the "medium-high intervention" group than in the "no/low intervention" group (72.7% vs 54.5%). Furthermore, compared with international baselines, this proportion showed no differences in the "no-/low-intervention" group but demonstrated expected significant differences in the "medium-high intervention" group.

Functioning, disability, and health of individuals with Hikikomori (prolonged social withdrawal) and their families: A systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies.

Currently, paradoxical findings exist regarding the level of functioning in individuals with Hikikomori (prolonged social withdrawal). This systematic review aimed to clarify the functioning, disability, and health of individuals with Hikikomori and their families in comparison to those without Hikikomori. Relevant studies were searched from April 22 to 25, 2022, using MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Scopus, and two Japanese databases. Functions were categorized into 'body functions"; "structure"; and "activity and participation', which were further classified into subcategories. Of the 8,181 studies screened, 24 studies with 1,769 individuals with Hikikomori were included. Twelve, three, and four indicators from six studies on depression and anxiety, three on addiction, and two on thought problem symptoms, respectively, were higher in the Hikikomori group than in the comparison group, with at least moderate effect sizes. Three indicators from three studies on interpersonal relationships were worse in the Hikikomori group, with at least moderate effect sizes. The meta-analyses showed that internalizing symptoms, externalizing symptoms, and thought disorders were significantly higher in the Hikikomori group than those in the comparison group with moderate-to-high effect sizes. Contrastingly, communication/interpersonal interactions were significantly lower in the Hikikomori group than those in the comparison group. No significant differences were observed in daily life/social life and the families' communication/interpersonal interactions and relationship. The study limitations include a high risk of bias and heterogeneity. Overall, individuals with Hikikomori often have impaired mental and interpersonal interaction functions; thus, comorbidities of this condition should be carefully assessed.PROSPERO: CRD42022320592.

Self-management behaviors do not affect remission but mediate between mental health and disease outcomes in a longitudinal study of rheumatoid arthritis

Mental health has been shown to impact rheumatoid arthritis (RA) outcomes and is associated with self-management behaviors. The extent to which mental health impacts outcomes via different self-management behaviours has not been thoroughly investigated. Adult RA patients who were starting a new medication or dosage were recruited to a prospective cohort with follow-ups at 3 and 12-months covering clinical and patient-reported outcomes. The longitudinal relationships between mental health, self-management behaviors (diet, physical activity, sleep, smoking, alcohol, and medication nonadherence), disease outcome, and function were assessed. Self-management behaviors were considered mediators of mental health at baseline on outcomes at 3 and 12 months. Depression did not worsen the odds of EULAR response for the total PHQ at 3 months (OR = 0.96, p = 0.36) or 12 months (OR = 0.99, p = 0.99) nor for the categorical PHQ at 3 months (OR = 0.64, p = 0.34) or 12 months (OR = 0.67, p = 0.44). Anxiety also did not worsen the odds of EULAR response for the total GAD at 3 months (OR = 0.98, p = 0.76) or 12 months (OR1.04, 0.53) nor for the categorical GAD at 3 months (OR = 0.99, p = 0.99) or 12 months (OR = 0.94, p = 0.75). However, depression was associated with the DAS-28 at 3 months (b = 0.22, p = 0.04). Among the self-management behaviors, insomnia was found to be a significant mediator between depression and the WSAS (b = 0.08, p = 0.03) as well as anxiety and the WSAS (b = 0.07, p = 0.03). Alcohol was also a significant mediator between depression and the DAS-28 (b = 0.21, p = 0.04). Mental health was associated with worse quality of life and disease outcomes, but not EULAR response. Self-management behaviors were associated with disease outcomes and mental health.

Психологические факторы здоровья у молодых и пожилых лиц

<p>The article examines the problem of preserving and maintaining human health from the standpoint of the biopsychosocial approach, the theory of functional systems by P.K. Anokhin, the theory of development and functioning of higher mental functions, as well as the concept of cerebral information fields and the psychological information fields of the brain formed on their basis. The empirical part of the article focuses on studying of psychological factors affecting the health of young and elderly people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in a calm and post-stress state. The study reveals the features of the negative impact of stress on psychological health in young and elderly people with MCI, as well as highlights the factors contributing to the deterioration or maintenance of psychological health in different age groups. It was found that in a stressful situation, elderly people with MCI have a more differentiated reaction to stress compared to young people, and indicators of self-esteem and cognitive functions remain at the same level, while young people in a stressful situation demonstrate an undifferentiated reaction leading to personal maladaptation, deterioration of cognitive functions and greater severity of negative emotions (anxiety, fear, aggression, depression). The data obtained indicate a greater ability of elderly people with MCI to regulate their psychological health, compared with younger people, due to the formed positive stable attitude towards maintaining health.</p>

Gestational diabetes and mental health: longitudinal analysis of data from the GEMS randomized trial.

There is limited high-quality evidence about perinatal mental health among women with gestational diabetes. We aimed to assess the risks and longitudinal changes in anxiety, depression, and health-related quality of life comparing women with gestational diabetes and those without among a contemporary cohort of pregnant women. Prospective cohort study of participants in the GEMS Trial. Women with a singleton pregnancy were eligible if they had a 75-g diagnostic oral glucose-tolerance test between 24 and 32 weeks' gestation, provided written informed consent, and completed questionnaires about anxiety, depression, and health-related quality of life at the study time points. There were no differences in risk for anxiety (RR 1.13, 95% CI 0.86, 1.49; p = 0.39) or depression (RR 1.08, 95% CI 0.78, 1.50; p = 0.64) between the two groups at 36 weeks' gestation or 6 months postpartum [anxiety: (RR 1.21, 95% CI 0.90, 1.63; p = 0.21); depression: (RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.55, 1.28; p = 0.43]. However, at 36 weeks' gestation participants with gestational diabetes reported better physical functioning, and at 6 months postpartum, better mental functioning (mean difference (MD) in scores 1.28, 95% CI 0.25, 2.30; p = 0.01) although worse physical functioning (MD -2.99, 95% CI -3.90, -2.07; p = < 0.001) compared to participants without. The risk for poor mental health during the perinatal period does not differ importantly among women diagnosed and treated for gestational diabetes compared to the general pregnant population.

Three-year course of clinical high-risk symptoms for psychosis in the community: a latent class analysis.

Clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR-P) states exhibit diverse clinical presentations, prompting a shift towards broader outcome assessments beyond psychosis manifestation. To elucidate more uniform clinical profiles and their trajectories, we investigated CHR-P profiles in a community sample. Participants (N=829; baseline age: 16-40years) comprised individuals from a Swiss community sample who were followed up over roughly 3 years. latent class analysis was applied to CHR-P symptom data at baseline and follow-up, and classes were examined for demographic and clinical differences, as well as stability over time. Similar three-class solutions were yielded for both time points. Class 1 was mainly characterized by subtle, subjectively experienced disturbances in mental processes, including thinking, speech and perception (basic symptoms [BSs]). Class 2 was characterized by subthreshold positive psychotic symptoms (i.e., mild delusions or hallucinations) indicative of an ultra-high risk for psychosis. Class 3, the largest group (comprising over 90% of participants), exhibited the lowest probability of experiencing any psychosis-related symptoms (CHR-P symptoms). Classes 1 and 2 included more participants with functional impairment and psychiatric morbidity. Class 3 participants had a low probability of having functional deficits or mental disorders at both time points, suggesting that Class 3 was the healthiest group and that their mental health and functioning remained stable throughout the study period. While 91% of Baseline Class 3 participants remained in their class over time, most Baseline Classes 1 (74%) and Class 2 (88%) participants moved to Follow-up Class 3. Despite some temporal fluctuations, CHR-P symptoms within community samples cluster into distinct subgroups, reflecting varying levels of symptom severity and risk profiles. This clustering highlights the largely distinct nature of BSs and attenuated positive symptoms within the community. The association of Classes 1 and 2 with Axis-I disorders and functional deficits emphasizes the clinical significance of CHR-P symptoms. These findings highlight the need for personalized preventive measures targeting specific risk profiles in community-based populations.

Культурно-историческая теория как методологическая рамка типологизации цифровой идентичности

&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective. &lt;/strong&gt;The purpose of the article is to develop a theoretical and methodological framework for typologization a person&amp;rsquo;s digital identity based on the following criteria: 1) the role of the digital environment and digital device; 2) the position of the person&amp;rsquo;s event center; 3) the position of the center of human self-determination. &lt;br&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background. &lt;/strong&gt;The digital environment is becoming such a significant sphere of modern man&amp;rsquo;s existence, that it determines the peculiarity of the social situation of the development of a modern man at different age stages, and determining the cultural and historical specifics of the development of higher mental functions and processes. In accordance with these transformations, a trend in academic research related to the building of a new conceptual framework for understanding a changing person is emerging. The author focuses on the foundations of ideas about the digital identity of the individual, which are formed in socio-psychological and anthropological studies. It is shown that research optics in identifying the content parameters of this identity is often narrowed, which leads to the reduction of a complex, multi&amp;ndash;component education &amp;ndash; the identity of a person in the digital world &amp;ndash; to a separate part, which is not enough to build a complex image of a modern man. &lt;br&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methodology. &lt;/strong&gt;The methodological basis of the study was made up of general scientific methods of analysis, comparison and typologization. The understanding of the types of digital identity is based on the foundations of the modern interpretation of the Cultural and Historical Approach applied to the peculiarities of the digital environment as a significant sphere of human existence. &lt;br&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions. &lt;/strong&gt;The theoretical and methodological framework for typologizing the digital identity of a person based on criteria of the role of the digital environment and digital device; the position of the event center of a person; the position of the center of human self-determination is presented A number of types of digital identity are described through set of appropriate scenarios of human behavior in the digital environment: 1) a person with a completed mind; 2) a person with digital physicality; 3) an algorithmic person; 4) a returning person and 5) an information tramp.&lt;/p&gt;

Review: Animal-assisted intervention for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder - a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Animal-assisted interventions (AAIs) have emerged as a promising nonpharmacological intervention option for children diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, recent systematic reviews have been primarily narrative. Additionally, the pooled effectiveness of AAIs was absent from these systematic reviews. We conducted a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis, searching multiple databases, including Web of Science, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, PsycINFO, EMBASE and Cochrane, from inception of the databases to March 2024. We retrieved 17 randomised controlled trials or quasi-experimental studies and used Review Manager 5.4.1 software to perform a meta-analysis of the effects of AAIs in treating children with ADHD. We conducted a set of random-effects meta-analyses to estimate standardised mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using subgroup data by different outcome domains extracted from eight randomised controlled trials, in relation to changes in behavioural, mental and physical functioning in a total of 307 children with ADHD before and after the intervention. In comparison with non-AAI groups, AAIs significantly improved attention problems in children with ADHD (SMD = -0.42, 95% CI = -0.71 to -0.13), self-esteem (0.46, 0.14 to 0.78), learning and cognition problems (-0.69, -0.98 to -0.39) and motor proficiency (0.77, 0.11 to 1.42). The pooled effect of AAIs on the severity of ADHD symptoms in the experimental group was not significantly different from the effect of conventional treatments in the control group (0.10, -0.31 to 0.52). Similarly, AAIs had no significant positive effects on social interaction (-0.22, -0.51 to 0.06), social skills (-0.32, -0.87 to 0.24), problematic behaviours (-0.10, -0.54 to 0.35) or emotional problems, including depression and anxiety (-0.13, -0.51 to 0.24). As an ADHD management strategy complementary to gold-standard approaches, such as medication or multimodal interventions, AAIs did not appear to be more effective in improving the majority of core ADHD outcomes in children. Future studies should incorporate rigorous study designs with large sample sizes and a standard protocol to achieve more valid and reliable conclusion.

Psychogenetic Features of Heredity and Pathology.

The purpose of this study is to provide an in-depth examination of the complex aspects of hereditary and pathological conditions arising based on psychogenetic factors, in particular, the disclosure of elements that determine the causes of their appearance. The following methods were used in the study: analytical, typological approaches, and generalization. It was found that genetic inheritance plays a significant role in the occurrence of autism spectrum disorders, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and other pathologies. The study revealed that the presence of a hereditary predisposition significantly increases the risk of developing these disorders in offspring. Genetic variations can affect various aspects of mental functioning and the molecular processes underlying these disorders. However, the important role of environmental factors in interaction with genetics has also been revealed. As part of this study, a plan was developed for a psychotherapist to work with parents raising a child with a mental disorder.

Correlates of multicaregiving and singular caregiving among cancer caregivers and associations with caregiver well-being

Purpose Compare demographic, care provision, and health-related characteristics of individuals fulfilling multiple illness-related caregiving roles (i.e. multicaregiving) versus singular (cancer only) caregiving and investigate factors associated with caregivers’ mental and physical functioning. Design Cross-sectional national survey. Participants Family caregivers who self-reported illness-related caregiving for cancer survivors only (singular caregivers: n = 465) or for one or more family members with illnesses in addition to the cancer survivors (multicaregivers: n = 109). Methods Descriptive, logistic, and linear regression analysis. Findings Singular caregivers and multicaregivers were similar on demographic, care provision, and health characteristics. Caregiving group was not associated with caregivers’ mental or physical functioning. Several caregiver and care recipient characteristics were associated with mental and physical functioning for singular caregivers; however, only age was associated with multicaregivers’ mental functioning. Conclusions Uncovering correlates of multicaregiving can help describe who may serve in these roles and how concurrent care responsibilities may influence caregivers’ well-being.

Fairy tale as a means of moral education of preschool children

Spiritual and moral upbringing is an urgent issue in modern society. The foundations of morality and values should be laid from the earliest and preschool age, when character and attitude to the world and people around us are formed. One of the most effective means of moral education is a fairy tale. A fairy tale is necessary for a baby, a child, and even a teenager. The tasks of a fairy tale are different for each age. A fairy tale comforts and entertains a baby, while a fairy tale educates preschoolers, gives them the opportunity to understand the moral laws of life and find answers to questions. In a preschool educational institution, spiritual and intellectual upbringing can be realized through several aspects of organized activities, one of the most striking examples of which is theatrical activity. In kindergarten, there is an opportunity to unleash the child's creative potential and foster a creative personality. Among the various traditional and non-traditional types of theater used in our kindergarten, the most appropriate for children of early and preschool age is “Theater on the Apron”. This type of theater is very relevant and mobile in our time. The teacher puts on an apron and thus embodies a theatrical performance. You can show a fairy tale, a joke or play it out with the kids in a group, on the street or in a shelter. Theatrical art is close and understandable to both children and adults, primarily because it is based on play. Collective theatrical activity is aimed at a holistic impact on the child's personality, its liberation, independent creativity, development of leading mental processes; promotes self-knowledge and self-expression of the individual, creates conditions for socialization, enhances adaptive abilities, corrects communication skills, helps to realize the feeling of satisfaction, joy, success. Involvement of kids in theatrical activities helps to master the world of human feelings, communication skills, and develop the ability to empathize with adults or peers. “Apron theater” is one of the brightest and most interesting ideas, because children can not only play some roles themselves, but also act together with adults and imitate them, kids learn to understand and use the language of facial expressions and gestures, improve their speech, in which emotional coloring and intonation are important components. It is the child's desire to participate in a theatrical performance and his or her emotional state that is very important. Children's desire to show what the character feels helps them to master the alphabet of moral relations. Empathy for the characters in the plays develops the child's feelings and understanding of bad and good human qualities. Familiarizing children with fairy tales and rhymes through theatrical activities develops not only mental functions, artistic abilities, creative potential, but also the universal ability to interact with others, to create in any field, and helps them to adapt to society and feel successful.

Effects of medical training therapy on injury rehabilitation and sports-specific performance in elite rock climbers: A randomized controlled trial.

Medical training therapy (MTT) is an advanced, individualized rehabilitation approach that integrates multiple methods to improve physical function. It is widely applied to rehabilitate sports injuries. This randomized study evaluated MTT's effects on physical injury rehabilitation, mental function, and athletic performance in elite rock climbers. Thirty elite climbers (mean age 19.5 ± 2.9 years) from the Chinese National Climbing Team were randomly assigned to either an intervention group (MTT, n = 15) or a control group (CON, n = 15) for 16 weeks (May 6 to August 25, 2024). Both groups had access to the same rehabilitation facilities and physiotherapy. The CON group followed routine training, while the MTT group received additional exercises. The primary outcome was the incidence of climbing-related injuries across 19 body regions. Secondary outcomes included specialized abilities, Functional Movement Screen (FMS) scores, Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The total number of injuries (375, 4.74) and the duration of discomfort (weeks) in the MTT group were lower than those in the CON group (492, 7.26). The MTT group demonstrated significant improvements in outcomes at six sites including the shoulder, forearm, hand, wrist, upper back, and hip (10 % and 21.25 %, 6.67 % and 19.17 %, 27.08 % and 56.67 %, 10.42 % and 3.75 %, 17.08 % and 27.08 %, and 2.08 % and 4.58 % for the MTT and CON groups, respectively, p < 0.05). In tests of sports-specific performance and psychological functioning in rock climbing, time and between-group interaction effects were observed (p < 0.01) for the Finger Strip Endurance Test, Hanging L-Lift Leg Test, FMS, and SAS. After the intervention, the MTT group exhibited a relative increase in injuries to the neck, upper back, and knees (6.25 % and 1.25 %, 6.67 % and 13.33 %, and 13.75 % and 7.08 % for the MTT and CON groups, respectively, p < 0.05). MTT is an ideal method for the rehabilitation of injuries in elite rock climbers and for facilitating their early return to sport. It addresses the majority of athletes' physical injuries and reduces the concentration of injuries in high-risk areas. Additionally, it specifically improves athletes' performance in specialized tests to alleviate the symptom of anxiety.

Effectiveness of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Psychological Rehabilitation After Lung Cancer Surgery: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis protocol.

The incidence and mortality of lung cancer is the highest among malignant tumors worldwide, and it seriously threatens human life and health. Surgery is the primary radical treatment for lung cancer. However, patients often experience discomfort, changes in social roles, economic pressures, and other postsurgical challenges. These factors frequently cause various psychological disorders such as anxiety and depression, significantly diminishing the quality of life and elevating the risks of recurrence, metastasis, and mortality. Therefore, effective strategies for mental function rehabilitation should be urgently developed. Traditional Chinese medicine can significantly improve psychological function and physical symptoms after lung cancer surgery, and prolong patient survival. However, its effectiveness for mental function rehabilitation after lung cancer surgery remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Chinese medicine on mental function recovery after lung cancer surgery through a systematic review and meta-analysis. This study will systematically search the following databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang database, VIP database, and Chinese BioMedical Literature database. Search for studies published from the inception of each database until April 22, 2024. This study will be limited to clinical randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The primary outcome will be depression or anxiety, as indicated by the scale score. Data analysis will be performed using RevMan 5. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool will be used to evaluate the quality of included studies. Finally, the quality of the evidence will be classified using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) System. This meta-analysis aims to offer comprehensive evidence of the effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine in mental function rehabilitation after lung cancer surgery. The study will assess the quality of the reports and conduct a subgroup analysis based on various postoperative stages, intervention measures, intervention duration, and sex to gather more evidence to fill the gap in psychological function rehabilitation after lung cancer surgery. These data can be used to guide clinical practice and inform future studies. More importantly, the results of this study will provide evidence to support the development of expert consensus and clinical guidelines in the field of mental function rehabilitation after lung cancer surgery.

Resistance Training and Sarcopenia-Related Quality of Life in Younger and Older Adults

ABSTRACT Introduction Older adults are at risk for sarcopenia, which can negatively impact health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Resistance training may improve HRQoL; however, data using sarcopenia-specific HRQoL assessments are lacking. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to determine whether HRQoL differs by age group (younger: age 20–29 yr; older: age 60–85 yr) and resistance training exercise status. Methods Participants (n = 76) were categorized into four groups based on age and whether they met the American College of Sports Medicine guidelines for resistance training: younger resistance trained (YRT), younger not resistance trained (YNT), older resistance trained (ORT), and older not resistance trained (ONT). Participants completed the Sarcopenia and Quality of Life questionnaire (SarQoL®), which assessed total SarQoL® and seven domains: physical and mental health, locomotion, body composition, functionality, activities of daily living (ADLs), leisure activities, and fears. Results ORT and YNT were not significantly different on total SarQoL® and all seven domains (P ≥ 0.05), despite the age difference; small to medium effect sizes indicated that ORT had higher scores on four domains compared to YNT (d = 0.21–0.66). ORT scored higher than ONT on total SarQoL® and physical and mental health (P &lt; 0.05); these effect sizes were large (d = 0.95 and 0.88, respectively). YRT scored higher than YNT on total SarQoL®, physical and mental health, functionality, ADLs, and leisure activities (P &lt; 0.05) with large effect sizes (d = 0.86–1.13). Conclusion Findings suggest that resistance training may be an effective modality to attenuate age-related decline in HRQoL. Findings inform evidence-based practice for healthcare and fitness professionals working with older adults with concerns regarding feelings of weakness, loss of muscle mass, difficulty during physical effort, and feelings of frailty.

Supporting Unhealthy Substance use care Through a whole person Approach and user centered INtegration into primary care (SUSTAIN): Study protocol for a type 2 hybrid effectiveness-implementation trial.

Unhealthy substance use (USU) is common and ranges from use above guideline-recommended levels to severe substance use disorder. USU results in substantial morbidity and mortality yet primary care practices rarely systematically screen, diagnose, and treat USU. Supporting Unhealthy Substance use care Through a whole person Approach and user centered INtegration into primary care (SUSTAIN) tests whether the implementation of a co-designed change package for USU improves patient function. The protocol for SUSTAIN is presented here. SUSTAIN is a cluster randomized controlled implementation trial of a customized approach to identify and treat USU in primary care. The sample includes 24 primary care clinics in two practice-based research networks (PBRNs). In phase one, primary care practice champions and patients with lived USU experience co-design a change package to identify and treat USU. In phase two, we test the effectiveness of the change package versus usual care and evaluate the implementation of the change package. Data will be collected from 24 clinics (50 patients per clinic for total of 1200 patients) through patient surveys and the electronic health record. Patients surveyed must be 18 or older and screen positive for USU using the Tobacco, Alcohol, Prescription medication and other Substance use part one (TAPS-1) tool. Primary outcomes include mental and physical health patient function scales measured using Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS-29-v2). Secondary outcomes are prevalence of USU, recovery, health care utilization, USU screening rates, provision/referral to behavioral health services and prescription of appropriate medications. We will also evaluate implementation outcomes by surveying 96 practice representatives (4 at each clinic) and conduct qualitative interviews with 20 patients and 20 practice leaders to assess their experience with the intervention and its implementation. The SUSTAIN trial creates and tests an implementation package approach to address USU in diverse primary care settings. The SUSTAIN change package aims to transform how primary care practices care for individuals with USU to improve patient outcomes and enhance community well-being.

Neurophysiological and Cognitive Changes Induced by the Acute Head-Down Tilt.

In space, under weightlessness conditions, human brain activity is changed due to the shifting of body fluid and blood toward the cephalic region. This shifting leads to changes in cerebral hemodynamics and, consequently, neurophysiological function, which impacts mental functions like cognition and decision-making capabilities of space travelers. The present study reports the effect of acute exposure to simulated microgravity on cognitive functions and event-related potentials. There were 18 healthy human subjects who participated in a 1-h 6° head-down tilt (HDT) bed rest to simulate physiological conditions during microgravity. Subjects were instructed to perform event-related potential tasks and cognitive tasks with a simulator sickness questionnaire to evaluate their performance, attention, and alertness during weightlessness, at baseline, after microgravity exposure, and after a recovery of 30 min. A significant change was found in the latency of P300 as compared to the baseline. The amplitude of the P300 wave was changed during HDT. The mean reaction time of contingent negative variation increased significantly as compared to the baseline. A significant increase in choice reaction time was observed during HDT vs. baseline. The values recovered partially after 30 min of exposure. It was concluded that simulated microgravity impacts mental functions as evidenced by alterations in choice reaction time and event-related potential latencies and reaction time. The study has applied value for understanding neurophysiological responses and optimization of cognitive performance in space conditions. Sharma M, Gaur S, Pawar H, Yadav N, Thondala B, Kumar S, Kishore K, Ray K, Panjwani U. Neurophysiological and cognitive changes induced by the acute head-down tilt. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2025; 96(1):45-52.