Mental Deficiency Research Articles

'A troublesome girl is pushed through': Morality, biological determinism, resistance, resilience, and the Canadian child migration schemes, 1883-1939.

This article critically analyses correspondence and decisions regarding children/young people who were included in the Canadian child migration schemes that ran between 1883 and 1939, and those who were deemed ‘undeserving’ and outside the scope of the schemes. Drawing on critical realist ontology, a metatheory that centralises the causal non-linear dynamics and generative mechanisms in the individual, the cultural sphere, and wider society, the research starts from the premise that the principle of ‘less or more eligibility’ lies at the heart of the British welfare system, both now and historically. Through analysing case files and correspondence relating to children sent to Canada via the Waifs and Strays Society and Fegan Homes, I shed light on the complex interplay between morality, biological determinism, resistance, and resilience in decisions around which children should be included or excluded. I argue that it was the complex interplay and nuance between the moral/immoral, desirable/undesirable, degenerate, and capable/incapable child that guided practice with vulnerable children in the late 1800s. In judgements around ‘deservedness’, related stigmas around poverty and ‘bad’ behaviour were rife. Within this, the child was punished for his/her ‘immoral tendencies’ and ‘inherited traits’, with little regard for the underlying reasons (e.g. abuse and neglect) for their (abnormal) behaviour and ‘mental deficiencies’.

Covid-19 Effects on the Mental Workload and Quality of Work Life in Iranian Nurses.

Introduction:The mental health of people working in Covid-19 wards (nurses, doctors, etc.) may be compromised due to the specific conditions of the workplace and patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between mental burden and quality of work life in nurses in intensive care units of Covid-19 patients.Method:In this cross-sectional study, a sample of 200 people—100 nurses in care units for patients with COVID-19 (group 1) and 100 nurses in non-COVID-19 patient care units (group 2—in three university hospitals were obtained. These 200 samples were randomly extracted from the list of employees and selected. Data were collected using three questionnaires, including (1) a demographic, (2) the NASA-Task Load Index (1988) (Hart & Staveland, 1988) and (3) National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Quality of Life. Data were analyzed using SPSS-24 software and descriptive and analytical statistical methods.Results:The overall mean scores of nurses’ quality of work life were significantly different between the two groups (P < 0.05). The average score of quality of life in nurses caring for patients with COVID-19 is 92.57, more than nurses caring for patients without COVID-19, 79.43. Among the dimensions of mental workload: Performance and efficiency, with an average score of 77.32 ± 15.85, had the highest score, while discouragement and failure, with an average score of 58.04 ± 26.72, had the lowest score of mental workload. There is a significant difference between the mental load of work in the two groups (P = 0.001). There is a significant inverse relationship between total quality of work life and total mental workload (r = –14 and P = 0.01).Conclusion:In this study, it was observed that nurses caring for Covid-19 patients are in a more unfavorable situation in terms of the studied characteristics. Due to the work period, these nurses have a high workload and a low quality of work life to compensate for the mental and physical deficiencies required by a long presence in the work environment.

Familial SYN1 variants related neurodevelopmental disorders in Asian pediatric patients

BackgroundSYN1 encodes synapsin I, which is a neuronal phosphoprotein involving in regulating axonogenesis and synaptogenesis. Variants in the gene have been associated with X-linked neurodevelopmental disorders in recent years.MethodsIn the study, we reported two male patients with familial SYN1 variants related neurodevelopmental disorders from Asian population. Previously published cases with significant SYN1 variants from the literature were also included to analyze the phenotype and genotype of the disorder.ResultsTwo maternally inherited SYN1 variants, including c.C1076A, p.T359K in proband A and c.C1444T, p. Q482X in proband B (NM_133499) were found, which have never been described in detail. Combining with our research, all reported probands were male in the condition, whose significant SYN1 variants were inherited from their asymptomatic or mild affected mother. Although the disorder encompasses three main clinical presentations: mental deficiency, easily controlled reflex seizure and behavior problems, patients’ clinical manifestations vary in genders and individuals, even in the same pedigree.ConclusionWe firstly reported two familial SYN1-related neurodevelopmental disorders in Asian pediatric patients. Gender and phenotype differences should be highly valued in the disorder.

Broadening the phenotypic spectrum and physiological insights related to EIF2S3 variants.

Mental deficiency, epilepsy, hypogonadism, microcephaly, and obesity syndrome is a severe X-linked syndrome caused by pathogenic variants in EIF2S3. The gene encodes the γ subunit of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor-2, eIF2, essential for protein translation. A recurrent frameshift variant is described in severely affected patients while missense variants usually cause a moderate phenotype. We identified a novel missense variant (c.433A>G, p.(Met145Val)) in EIF2S3 in a mildly affected patient. Studies on zebrafish confirm the pathogenicity of this novel variant and three previously published missense variants. CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of eif2s3 in zebrafish embryos recapitulate the human microcephaly and show increased neuronal cell death. Abnormal high glucose levels were identified in mutant embryos, caused by beta cell and pancreatic progenitor deficiency, not related to apoptosis. Additional studies in patient-derived fibroblasts did not reveal apoptosis. Our results provide new insights into disease physiopathology, suggesting tissue-dependent mechanisms.

Examining Studies Conducted on Mathematics Education for Individuals with Mental Deficiency

Examining Studies Conducted on Mathematics Education for Individuals with Mental Deficiency

Ethical Issues and Christopher’s Self-Exploration in The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time

This study selects Mark Haddon’s The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time and analyzes the inner world of Christopher, a 15-year-old boy suffering from Asperger’s syndrome. It explores how he processes his family’s ethical problems as well as his ego and his disabilities. The issue of autism, particularly Asperger’s syndrome, has not been of much interest in children’s literature. Because of his Asperger’s syndrome, Christopher’s mental, emotional, and social deficiencies affect his family and society, and his growth process also causes ethical problems in his family. In particular, his parents’ ethical shortcomings is one of the key topics in the novel, which has many implications for today’s society. Christopher notices that he clearly belongs to a minority in society and feels isolated, but he also has the inner courage to carry out the self-exploration that the main characters try in most children’s literature. However, it remains to be questioned whether Christopher will be able to mature and gain the awareness to have a smooth social life with others. This novel shines a spotlight on those living with Asperger’s syndrome and inviting readers into their inner world.

Development and Psychometric Evaluation of Faculty Evaluation for Online Teaching (FEOT)

Development and Psychometric Evaluation of Faculty Evaluation for Online Teaching (FEOT)

ÍNDICES DE TENTATIVAS DE SUICÍDIO NA FASE DA ADOLESCÊNCIA DEMONSTRA NECESSIDADES PREVENTIVAS NO AMBIENTE DA EDUCAÇÃO

A violência autoprovocada tem ocorrido em diversos perfis epidemiológicos, com variados métodos de tentativas contra a própria vida, caracterizando a tentativa de suicídio, indagando possíveis intervenções para essa população, que se encontra em maior vulnerabilidade psicossocial. Este trabalho visou analisar, por meio de notificações, a caraterização - em um determinado munícipio que se encontra no interior de São Paulo (Votuporanga) - de indivíduos que passaram pelo serviço de saúde após tentar alguma violência contra si mesmo; o período de investigação das ocorrências situa-se entre janeiro de 2015 e junho de 2017. Os dados coletados foram correlacionados de acordo com a localização, sexo, nível escolar, tentativas anteriores, situação conjugal, opção sexual, tipo de tentativa, se possui algum transtorno mental ou deficiência mental, dentre outros aspectos de relevância. Os itens que caracterizam esse indivíduo são preenchidos pelos profissionais da saúde que realizaram o acolhimento da pessoa que tentou o ato contra a própria vida. Os dados epidemiológicos se fizeram essenciais para a compreensão do contexto social e multifatorial encontrados com maior predominância, prevendo possíveis ações biopsicossociais focadas em locais diferentes, onde foi demonstrado que a fase que necessita de maiores cuidados preventivos estão os adolescentes, que apresentaram número expressivo de tentativas de suicídio, visualizando a necessidade de intervenções em escolas e instituições de ensino superior.&#x0D;

The Practices and Obstacles of English Language Teaching in Intellectual Disability Classroom: A Case Study at Special School (SLB) in Palembang

Individuals with disabilities learn with difficulties such as physical, emotional, mental, and social deficiencies. In a limited physical and mental condition, they are faced with problems in learning, particularly in learning English. This study aims at revealing practices and obstacles in learning English in an intellectual disability classroom that affected the teaching practices. A case study method was used in this study. This study's participants were two teachers at SLB-C Tuna Grahita Palembang selected by a typical sampling technique. The observation and interview were used to collect data regarding realized practices and obstacles in teaching English to students with intellectual disabilities. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The study results indicated that English language teaching practices in intellectual disability classrooms were similar to the regular ones but more oriented to students' needs. The obstacles of English language teaching were affected by intellectual disability students' limitations in writing, reading, speaking, listening skills, and heterogeneous ability.

Η θεώρηση του Vygotsky για την τυπική και «παρεμποδισμένη» ανάπτυξη

Vygotsky has advocated that the dialectical relation between typical and impeded development carries a unique quality. His approach to development requires a holistic, qualitative education that addresses the entire personality. The theoretical approaches that were transferred into and adopted by pedagogy were the unities of the individualism and collectivism, and the zone of proximal development (ZPD). Vygotsky’s educational approach to childhood resulted from two alternating pathways of his thought: his broader interest in language and his personal experiences and achievements. In the context of his dialectical approach, he views the typical and atypical impeded child’s development as a joint unit and therefore atypical development is a unique quality dialectically associated with typical development. The term “defectology” he introduced describes the study of atypical impeded development of children with physical and mental deficiencies. A child’s handicap concurs with the two pathways of development that typical development follows: that of biological maturity and that of socialization process during which a child acquires knowledge and the capacity to use cultural tools, i.e. to use higher mental functioning through collective activities. Most often a handicapped child with deficits is unable to cope with the school structure or to participate in learning activities without adult support (ZPD). In this context, Vygotsky claims that the education of these children can be appropriated through a roundabout approach that aims to reconstruct the child’s personality in terms of dialectical relations and activities compatible to the child’s cultural environment; thus children with deficits are treated as productive members within the environment they belong to. In the context of contemporary inclusive education, Vygotsky’s ideas can contribute to the implementation of differentiating instruction, collaborative teaching and collective activities through the child’s daily social activities, practices that promote alternative ways of action and teaching that benefit all children.

Community mental health care in Mexico: a regional perspective from a mid-income country

BackgroundAccess to mental health care is a worldwide public health challenge. In Mexico, an unacceptably high percentage of the population with mental disorders does not receive the necessary treatment, which is mainly due to the lack of access to mental health care. The community mental health care model was created and has been implemented to improve this situation. In order to properly plan and implement this model a precise situational diagnosis of the mental health care network is required, thus this is a first approach to evaluate the community mental health networks in the state of Jalisco.MethodsTwo components from the EvaRedCom–TMS instrument were used including a general description and accessibility of the community mental health care network. A geographic and economic accessibility evaluation was carried out for the different regions of the state ranging from scattered rural to urban communities using information gathered from health institutions, telephone interviews and computer applications.ResultsJalisco’s community mental health network includes a total of 31 centers and 0.64 mental health workers for every 10,000 inhabitants > 15 years of age. The mean transportation cost required to access mental health care was 16.25 USD per visit. The time needed to reach the closest mental health center in 7 of the 13 analyzed regions was more than 30 min and the mean time required to reach a prolonged stay center was 172.7 min with transportation cost (taxi, private and public transport) of 22.3 USD. Some marginalized regions in the state have a mean 114 min required to reach the closest mental health care center and 386 min to reach a prolonged stay center.ConclusionsThis first approach to evaluate the mental health networks in Mexico showed that there are multiple barriers to access its care including an unfavorable number of human resources, long distances, and high costs. The identification of Jalisco’s mental health network deficiencies is the first step towards establishing a properly planned community mental health care model within the country.

Prevalence of ENT Diseases in the Mental Deficient Patients

Introduction: Patients with mental deficiency have increased health needs. They develop certain ailments more than the rest of the general population. ENT pathology includes all the ailments concerning the nose, throat and ear and is a frequent reason for consultation in our health facilities. The aim of this study was to report the prevalence of ENT diseases in mental deficient. Material and Methods: This was a prospective, longitudinal study on a population of patients received in ENT consultation, during the days of October 15, 2019 and February 18, 2020 on the occasion of health campaigns organized by the Senegal Special Olympics Association. All admitted patients were mental deficient. Results: Out of a total of 334 patients received in general consultation (all specialties combined), 61 patients underwent an ENT consultation, i.e. a prevalence of 18.26%. There were more men (N = 39) than women (N = 32). The average age of the patients was 20 years. A past history of chronic otitis media was reported in 9.83% of patients (N = 6). Functional signs were dominated by hypoacusis (N = 16). Seventy point forty-nine patients (N = 43) had otologic conditions. Thirty-four patients had trisomy 21 (64.15%). Conclusion: The prevalence of ENT diseases among the mental deficient is considerable. This study is the first of its type in Senegal which superimposes the ENT on mental deficiency.

Dimensions of interpersonal relationships of mental deficient pupils

For the majority having friends or being able to interact with somebody else is common most of the time. However, for people with a deficiency to have friends, to have social interactions with other people is not so easy. The experts in the field of social science have become interested in the topic of “interpersonal relationships” in the context of facilitating the social insertion of the persons with deficiency, in the context of creating sustainable strategies for getting a job, maintaining a job for persons with special needs. This paper is based on a complex research on 112 preadolescents with mental deficiency and 98 teenagers with mental deficiency, and it tries to underline the specific manner that pupils with mental deficiencies establish interpersonal relationships. The results that came out from data analyses (statistical and qualitative) allowed us to reveal a specific typology.

Oral Health Related Quality of Life Changes in Standard Cleft and Surgery Patients- A clinical study.

Background:Malocclusions are expected to affect subjective attraction, social recognition, and intellect. For dentofacial deformities, functional concerns can also arise. The previous research has established a gradient on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) scores through malocclusion intensity, particularly in the social and emotional realms. This study is used to assess the quality of oral health.Materials and Methods:A total of sixty patients began orthodontic therapy at a tertiary-care facility. Treatment in the orthodontic clinic is restricted to serious malocclusions. The study was selected from patients who meet the qualifying requirements of extreme malocclusion and orofacial clefting. The research removed patients with diagnosed hereditary syndromes. Patients got either single-arch or double-arch fixed equipment during their orthodontic procedure. Subjects were categorized as orthodontic patients with extreme malocclusions, needing orthodontic therapy, and severe spinal discrepancies, requiring both orthodontic treatment and orthognatic surgery. The overall score of one subject was 0–56, while the domain score was 0–8. Higher ratings for oral health profiles reflect a stronger effect on the relative quality of life of oral health.Results:For the 14 objects, the mean baseline Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) score for all three categories was not statistically different for about half of the items. For surgery participants, the OHIP-14 baseline scores were nearly twice as large as the scores of the other two categories for each of these things (P = 0.05). There were a lot of statistically important variations involving the categories, and the three most significant ones are revealing pattern here. The multiple comparison power of nonsignificant predictive variables was extremely weak for the area of physical pain is 5.2%; 41.2% of remaining tests, and 84% for the functional limitation and mental deficiency domain.Conclusion:Patients receiving a mixture of orthognathic surgery and orthodontic therapy have comparatively low OHRQoL baseline; however in contrast with normal and cleft patients, they still gain the most from care.

AP4-assocated hereditary spastic paraplegias

In the course of studies of spastic paraplegias in Russian patients to detect AP4-associated forms, estimate their proportion in the total SPG group and analyze clinical and molecular characteristics. Five families of Russian ethnicity: four with SPG47, one with SPG51 (4 girls and a boy aged 2.5-9 years) were studied. Clinical and genealogical methods, whole-exome sequencing (WES) and verification by familial Sanger sequencing were used. In our total group, including 118 families with 21 different forms, SPG AP4-associated forms accounted for 4.2% owing mainly to SPG47 (3.4%, 5th place in SPG structure; 20% and 2nd place in AE subgroup.) In non-consanguineous, unrelated SPG47 families three patients had identical genotypes: homozygosity for an earlier reported mutation c.1160_1161 delCA (p.Thr387ArgfsTer30) in AP4B1 exon 6; the 4th patient was compound-heterozygous for the same mutation and novel c.1240C>T (p.Gln414Ter) in exon 7. Frequency of c.1160_1161 delCA may be caused by founder effect in Slavic populations though the idea needs additional studies. The SPG51 patient was compound heterozygous for novel AP4E1 mutations c.2604delA (p.Ser868fs) and c.3346A>G (p.Arg1116Gly). Parent's heterozygosity in all cases was confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Phenotypes were typical: early development delay, muscle hypotony transforming into sever spasticity, mental deficiency, microceplaly (in all SPG47 cases), epilepsy (in 3 SPG47 and SPG51 cases), MRI changes, mainly hydrocephalus and/or hypoplasia of corpus callosum (in 3 SPG47 cases) and few extraneural signs. AP4-associated SPG should be taken into consideration in patients with early-onset severe nervous diseases mimicking non-genetic organic CNS disorders and massive exome sequencing (WES or other variants) should be performed.

Parents’ attitute towards the sexuality of their adolescents with mental deficiency: a qualitative research

Parents’ attitute towards the sexuality of their adolescents with mental deficiency: a qualitative research

Исследование процесса выбора ответа и детекции ошибок при решении простых когнитивных задач

The study is aimed at examining the process of erroneous and correct answers when solving simple cognitive tasks of the same type in the group of adolescents with normal intelligence and those with mild mental deficiency. To study the nature of making errors the author studied factors influencing the process of answer selection, such as conditions of stimulus presentation, stimuli categorical congruence, and unconscious error detection markers of various kinds. The study revealed that if adolescents with normal intelligence make mistakes they do it trying to do the task quickly, while adolescents with mild mental deficiency make mistakes because of the task difficulty and demonstrate a low level of mindfulness of making a mistake, and slow-up adjustment process after a correct answer. Depending on whether there being or not being mental deficiency, certain differences in the process of error detection and the influence of conditions of stimulus presentation were detected.

Особенности развития модели психического у дошкольников с нарушением слуха

The article is devoted to the study of the development of a mental model in preschoolers with hearing impairment after cochlear implantation. The analysis of the specifics of the manifestations of the mental model deficiency, which is associated with the peculiarities of using the means of special attention in preschoolers with hearing impairment, is carried out. The ability of a child's focal attention to attention as a critical additional, necessary for the development of a mental model. Sample consisted of 40 preschool children aged 5-7 years (Mage=5,9 years, SDage=0,6 months), 20 with sensorineural hearing loss with cochlear implants (years (Mage=5,6 years, SDage=0,6 months, age by moment of implantation Mage=3,2 years, SDage=0,6) and 20 typically developing preschoolers of 5–7 years old (Mage=5,1 years, SDage=0,5 months). Standardized methods for assessing the mental model were used: test for erroneous opinion (Sally–Anne's task), the task “What does Charlie want?”, the task of understanding intentions based on external signs, the task of understanding the principle “to see means” (A.S. Gerasimova, E.A. Sergienko) To fix the eye movement of preschoolers during the behavior of a child with an adult in play conditions, the eye-tracking method was used. It is recorded that preschoolers with hearing impairments are selectively unable to detect and interpret the intentions of another person, and they also have a lack of means of coordinated attention.

Cortexin administration due to improvement of cognitive and behavioral disorders in children and teenagers with epilepsy

To study the possibility of using the polypeptide drug cortexin for the treatment of cognitive, emotional and behavioral disorders in children and adolescents with epilepsy and to assess the efficacy and safety of the drug in this group of patients. Eighty-six patients (41 girls and 45 boys) were examined at the age of 3 to 17 y.o. Cortexin was used along with antiepileptic drugs. Clinical and pathopsychological methods were administered. Children and teenagers with epilepsy have average IQ (91-110) in 72% of cases, 24% had mental deficiency of various intensity, these were children with pharmacoresistant epilepsy, including 2% with IQ 154 and 2% with IQ 71-80. Clinical, neurophysiological and psychological study of children and adolescents with epilepsy reveal the improvement of electrophysiological parameters, there are no aggravation of seizures in 95% cases. The improvement of cognitive functions is observed in 65% of patients.

Mental training and influence of temperamental dimensions in preparation of the Czech Republic weightlifting representative in junior category under 23 years: Case study

Background. According to the coaches, the weightlifters of the national team show deficiencies in mental skills, which leads to unbalanced performance at top competitions. Based on the knowledge of the efficacy of mental training (MT) from other sports, it is possible to conclude the potential of the MT in top weightlifting. Objective. The main aim of the authors was to create and verify a program based on mental training techniques implemented in sports training of weightlifter of the junior category of the Czech Republic, and also to reflect the influence of the competitor's tem­peramental dimensions on the implementation of the MT program in her sports training. Methods. Semi-structured interviews with the athlete and the coach before and after the implementation of the mental training program were conducted. A psychodiagnostic tests – Test of attention d2 and TEZADO measuring attention resp. temperamental dimensions were used in addition to subjective statements. Self-assessing scales were also used to obtain more quantitative data. Results. Results showed that some of the mental training techniques had a positive effect on deficient mental skills. These mental skills are crucial in the preparation of the weightlifting representative and can have a significant influence on a sports athlete's per­formance. The most significant difference was achieved in the skill of refocusing and the smallest difference in imagination. According to the subject, the influence of the temperamental dimensions on the mental training program had a significant impact in connection with the refocusing and anger coping. Conclusion. Mental training techniques can help top weightlifters to overcome the mental skills deficiencies used in their sports training, which may have a positive influence on performance in both training and competitions. Self-knowledge of the temperamental dimensions is significant to the success of the program.