Menstrual Cycle Disorders Research Articles

Mature Ovarian Teratoma about a Case

We report a case of mature ovarian teratoma in a 36-year-old nulliparous patient who presented for one year with menstrual cycle disorders. The diagnosis was suspected by pelvic ultrasound and MRI and confirmed by anatomopathological study with absence of histological signs of malignancy.

Early menstrual cycle impacts of oestrogen and progesterone on the timing of the fertile window.

What is the effect of oestrogen and progesterone at the beginning of the menstrual cycle in delaying entry into the fertile window? Both oestrogen and progesterone contribute to a delay in the onset of the fertile window. Oestrogen enhances cervical mucus secretion while progesterone inhibits it. Observational study. Daily observation of 220 menstrual cycles contributed by 88 women with no known menstrual cycle disorder. Women recorded cervical mucus daily and collected first-morning urine samples for analysis of oestrone-3-glucuronide, pregnanediol-3-alpha-glucuronide (PDG), FHS, and LH. They underwent serial ovarian ultrasound examinations. The main outcome measure was the timing within the cycle of the onset of the fertile window, as identified by the appearance of mucus felt or seen at the vulva. Low oestrogen secretion and persistent progesterone secretion during the first week of the menstrual cycle both negatively affect mucus secretion. Doubling oestrogen approximately doubled the odds of entering the fertile window (OR: 1.82 95% CI=1.23; 2.69). Increasing PDG from below 1.5 to 4µg/mg creatinine was associated with a 2-fold decrease in the odds of entering the fertile window (OR: 0.51 95% CI=0.31; 0.82). Prolonged progesterone secretion during the first week of the menstrual cycle was also statistically significantly associated with higher LH secretion. Finally, the later onset of the fertile window was associated with statistically significant persistently elevated LH secretion during the luteal phase of the previous menstrual cycle. This post hoc study was conducted to assess the potential impact of residual progesterone secretion at the beginning of the menstrual cycle. It was conducted on an existing data set because of the scarcity of data available to answer the question. Analysis with other datasets with similar hormone results would be useful to confirm these findings. This study provides evidence for residual progesterone secretion in the early latency phase of some menstrual cycles, which may delay the onset of the fertile window. This progesterone secretion may be supported by subtly increased LH secretion during the few days before and after the onset of menses, which may relate to follicular waves in the luteal phase. Persistent progesterone secretion should be considered in predicting the onset of the fertile window and in assessing ovulatory dysfunction. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. No funding was provided for this secondary data analysis. N/A.

The impact of chronic stress on the hormonal state of women affected by hostilities and displaced women

During times of war, refugee women often have high levels of chronic stress due to factors such as war, displacement and uncertainty. The study focuses on examining the hormonal responses of female refugees experiencing chronic stress from war and displacement.The objective: to assess the impact of chronic stress caused by war and displacement on the hormonal balance of refugee women.Materials and methods. 60 women were examined, who were divided into groups: the 1st group included women who were affected by hostilities (20 persons), and the 2nd group included displaced women (20 individuals). In these 40 women the hormonal studies were conducted in the conditions of military aggression in Ukraine. The control group (3rd group) included healthy women who were examined in the pre-war period. All examined women were 20–25 years old with an average body weight of 55–60 kg. Concentrations of progesterone, estradiol, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone, prolactin in the I and II phases of the menstrual cycle (MC), cortisol in the I phase of the MC were determined in blood serum using the enzyme immunoassay method. An analysis of the results of research on the role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system in the regulation of the stress response was carried out.Results. In the examined women, various disorders of MC were observed, such as: menometrorrhagia, hypermenorrhea, acyclic uterine bleeding, oligomenorrhea, and amenorrhea. The most pronounced changes in menstrual function were observed in women who were affected by hostilities. Such significant disorders of MC in women of this group coincided with changes in indicators of gonadotropic hormones of the pituitary gland and sex hormones in the blood.A study of the psycho-emotional state of women who suffered from hostilities established that these women have a significant stressful effect of various risk factors on the body. Changes in the levels of cortisol, prolactin and other hormones were detected.Conclusions. Studies have shown that chronic stress affects the hormonal status of women affected by hostilities and of displaced women, including FSH, estradiol, and prolactin levels.A significant increase in the level of FSH in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle and an increase in the level of estradiol in the luteal phase were determined, which may indicate a compensatory reaction of the body to stress. A significant increase in the level of prolactin was also found, which can cause disorders of menstrual function and affect the psycho-emotional state.

Пухлина Бреннера у жінок репродуктивного віку з ожирінням: клініко-морфологічний аналіз випадків із практики

Background. Brenner tumors are rare epithelial ovarian tumors, the incidence of which among all ovarian tumors ranges from 0.6 to 2%. Considering the rarity of the pathology and absence of specific clinical symptoms, the authors present an analysis of own cases from the practice of Brenner tumor. Purpose – familiarization of the medical community with the clinical and morphological features of Brenner tumor in obese women of reproductive age based on an analysis of own practice cases. Materials and Methods. A clinical and morphological analysis of cases from practice of Brenner tumor of different histological variants in obese women of reproductive age is provided. Results. In the first case, in patient V., 42 years old, with obesity, a morphological study of the surgical material was diagnosed a benign variant of the Brenner tumor in the left ovary, which clinically manifested by pain and was not diagnosed by ultrasound. In the second case, in patient G., 36 years old, with obesity, it was morphologically diagnosed a benign variant of Brenner tumor in the right ovary, and borderline variant of Brenner tumor in the left ovary against the background of a benign variant. Brenner tumor in patient G. manifested by pain, infertility in anamnesis, and the presence of cysts on ultrasound examination. The menstrual cycle disorders in women in both cases may be caused by the presence of leiomyomas in the uterus or Brenner tumors or a combination of these tumor pathology. Conclusions. Brenner tumors are rare epithelial ovarian tumors, the only diagnostic method for which is a morphological examination of surgical material. Literature data about the role of obesity in the genesis of the development of these epithelial ovarian tumors, the presence in the described cases from practice of an increased body mass index in women with benign and borderline variants of Brenner tumors actualize the conduct of complex morphological studies in order to search, firstly, the etiopathogenetic features of the development of these ovarian tumors in obese women, and secondly, the morphological differential diagnostic criteria for these epithelial ovarian tumors in women with and without obesity.

Body fat percentage, mid-upper arm circumference, and menstrual cycle in female students at x high school

<p><strong>Background</strong>: Irregular menstrual cycle in adolescent girls is an indicator of reproductive organ disorders. One of the risk factor for menstrual cycle disorders is nutritional status problem. Nutritional status can be measured using several anthropometric indicators such as body fat percentage and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC).</p><p><strong>Objectives</strong>: This study aimed to analyze the correlation between body fat percentage and MUAC with the menstrual cycle in girls of X High School Sidoarjo.</p><p><strong>Methods</strong>: The type of this research was cross-sectional. The sample used 66 students with stratified random sampling technique. Body fat percentage was obtained by using the Mi Body Composition Scale 2, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) was measured by using midline, and the menstrual cycle was obtained by using a menstrual cycle questionnaire for the last 3 months. Data were analyzed with Rank Spearman test.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> The results showed that average of body fat percentage was 26.8%, MUAC was 23.8 cm, and menstrual cycle was 35 days. Based on the test of the relationship between body fat percentage and the menstrual cycle, p-value 0.000 (r-value -0.875) were obtained, while MUAC and the menstrual cycle showed p-value 0.000 (r-value -0.916). The higher the body fat percentage, the shorter the menstrual cycle. The smaller the MUAC, the longer the menstrual cycle.</p><p><strong>Conclusions</strong>: There was a significant relationship between body fat percentage and MUAC with the menstrual cycle within girls in X High School Sidoarjo. Adolescent girls are expected to maintain normal nutritional status in order to maintain the regularity of their menstrual cycle, so as to minimize the risk of infertility in the future.</p>

Hubungan Asupan Zat Gizi Makro dengan Siklus Menstruasi pada Remaja Putri SMK Negeri 2 Tuban

Menstruation is the decay of the uterine wall or accompanied by bleeding due to the absence of fertilization. Menstrual cycle disorders are caused by several factors including stress, endocrine disorders, diet, nutritional status, nutrient intake, physical activity and sleep quality. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between macronutrient intake and menstrual cycle female adolescents of SMK Negeri 2 Tuban. Analytical research method with cross sectional approach. The sample in this study was adolescent girls of SMK Negeri 2 Tuban totaling 201 respondents, as samples randomited by simple random sampling echniquel. Independent variable of macronutrients and dependent variable of menstrual cycle. The analysis in this study used the spearmans correlation statistical test. The results showed that energy and carbohydrate intake was almost half normal at 47.3% and 43.8%. While the protein intake is mostly normal at 57.2% and fat intake is almost half experiencing excess intake at 44.3%. Statistical test results were obtained (p < 0.05), energy intake (p = 0.000), protein intake (p = 0.003), fat intake (p = 0.000) , and carbohydrate intake (p = 0.000). The conclusion of this study is that there is a significant relationship between macronutrient intake and menstrual cycle in adolescent girls of SMK Negeri 2 Tuban.

Peculiarities of the menstrual cycle in girls living in the Murmansk region

The aim of the study. To assess the characteristics of the menstrual cycle and ovulation disorders in girls aged 15–17 years.Materials and methods. The study was carried out in 2022–2023 in the Murmansk region in Apatity. A total of 225 girls with average age of 16.5 ± 0.03 years took part in the study. The characteristics of the menstrual cycle and ovulation disorders were studied according to the guidelines of the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics.Results of the study. In the study group, the onset of menarche (13.1 years) is observed at a later age compared to the girls living in other regions of Russia and neighboring countries (12.6–12.9 years). Every seventh girl has an irregular menstrual cycle, every fifth girl has a cycle duration of more than 38 days. Heavy menstruation occurs in every third girl, intermenstrual uterine bleeding – in every thirteenth girl. Half of the girls have painful periods (dysmenorrhea). Among ovulation disorders, the most common is abnormal uterine bleeding – 34.7 %. Also, intermenstrual uterine bleeding (8.0 %), primary amenorrhea (2.7 %) and polycystic ovary syndrome (1.3 %) are registered. Among gynecological pathology, in addition to ovulation disorders, we registered vulvovaginal candidiasis and paraurethral cyst.Conclusion. The analysis of the obtained results showed that only 20.4 % of girls do not have gynecological pathology, which to a certain extent indicates a low level of reproductive health of girls. Asaresult, it is necessary to diagnose and treat diseases which can cause the development of ovulation disorders more carefully and at earlier stages of sexual development. The work was carried out as part of the research topic No. FMEZ-2022-0012.

The Relationship of Menstrual Hygiene Behavior with Menstrual Cycle Disorders in Female Prisoners: A Sequential Explanatory Analysis

Menstrual hygiene behaviors, such as using clean sanitary napkins, washing the body with soap, and disposing of used sanitary napkins properly, play an important role in preventing menstrual disorders. This quantitative study aims to examine the relationship between menstrual hygiene behavior and menstrual cycle disorders in female prisoners in class II B women's prison in Padang city. Qualitative research aims to explore more deeply the behavior of inmates who experience menstrual cycle disorders in class II B women's prison in Padang city. This research used a combination method with a sequential explanatory design from November 2023 to March 2024, the research sample consisted of 73 female prisoners selected by purposive sampling. Quantitative data analysis using the chi-square test showed a significant association (p-value <0.001) between menstrual hygiene behavior and menstrual cycle disorders, while qualitative data through in-depth interviews identified two main themes: menstrual hygiene behavior and menstrual cycle disorders. In conclusion, poor menstrual hygiene behavior is associated with menstrual cycle disorders, so it is recommended that prison authorities increase supervision and provide better information on menstrual hygiene to prisoners.

Hubungan tingkat stres dengan gangguan siklus menstruasi mahasiswi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Palangka Raya

Stress is one of the factors causing menstrual cycle disorders in women. The highest level of stress is experienced by female students who are preparing a thesis as an undergraduate requirement. during the thesis writing process, they often face obstacles that have an impact on the menstrual cycle. This study aims to determine the relationship between stress levels and menstrual cycle disorders. This study used cross sectional study, chi square analysis technique with ρ value <0.05. The results of the study were 44 (56.4%) respondents had mild stress levels, 34 (43.6%) respondents had moderate stress levels, 54 (69.2%) respondents had normal menstrual cycles, 24 (30.8%) respondents had abnormal menstrual cycles. The results of bivariate analysis showed a relationship between stress levels and menstrual cycle disorders in female students of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Palangka Raya with chi square statistical test p-value = 0.046 (<0.05).

Menstrual Cycle Variations Observed in Obese and Normal-Weight Women

Obesity plays a significant role in estrogen production, which can lead to menstrual cycle disorders. This study aimed to determine differences in estrogen levels and menstrual cycles between obese and normal-weight female students at the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas. This study used the comparative cross-sectional design involving 32 obese respondents and 32 respondents with normal-weight status, selected through a systematic random sampling method. The study was conducted from November 2021 to July 2022. Estrogen levels were measured using the enzyme-linked immune assay (ELISA) method, and the menstrual cycle data were collected via interview. Statistical analysis was performed using an unpaired t-test and a Chi-square test. The results showed no significant difference in estrogen levels between the obese group (188.31±47.56 pg/mL) and the normal-weight group (181.76±51.06 pg/mL) (p > 0.05). However, abnormal menstrual cycles were more common in the obese group (29.7%) compared to the normal group (9.4%), with a p-value of 0.002. In conclusion, there are no differences in estrogen levels between the normal nutrition and obese groups; however, the menstrual cycles of these groups are different.

Risk factors for diminished ovarian reserve in women: Current state of the problem

Ovarian reserve is the basis of female fertility. The main markers of ovarian reserve are the level of anti-Mullerian hormone and the number of antral follicles. In addition to the natural age-related loss of follicles, many women experience a premature diminished ovarian reserve associated with a number of factors. This can be caused by both various diseases and environmental factors, lifestyle, and social aspects.The aim of this review was to examine the influence of external factors on the ovarian reserve and women fertility. A systematic analysis of data from modern scientific literature, domestic and foreign sources was carried out. The search involved such resources as PubMed, MEDLINE, Science Direct, eLibrary, Scopus, Cyberleninka. A detailed analysis of the influence of environmental pollution, lifestyle (sleep, nutrition, physical activity), previous surgeries, bad habits, obesity, psychological and social factors on the ovarian reserve and reproductive function of women was carried out. Significantly diminished ovarian reserve was noted with low sleep quality, excessive physical activity, and an unbalanced diet poor with animal proteins. Regular consumption of alcohol, smoking and exposure to certain chemical environmental pollutants cause premature follicle apoptosis and the onset of menopause. Circadian dysrhythmia, chronic stress and obesity can lead to the ovarian menstrual cycle disorders and the development of infertility in women. Previous parovarium surgeries are a significant risk factor for diminished ovarian reserve. Further population-based studies are needed to determine the precise mechanisms of influence of various factors on female fertility.

P-346 A systematic review of the gonadotoxicity of osteoscarcoma and Ewinǵs sarcoma chemotherapies in postpubertal females and males

Abstract Study question What is the postpubertal gonadotoxicity of osteosarcoma (OS) and Ewing’s sarcoma (ES) chemotherapies to better counsel females and males about the risk of infertility? Summary answer Limited data indicate a risk of infertility in OS in 5.1% of females and 52.2% of males and in ES in 13.0% and 89.5% respectively. What is known already Data on the gonadotoxicity of different chemotherapies are essential to better advise young women and men about the risk of treatment-related infertility and to better assess the need for fertility preservation measures prior to cancer treatment. Such data specific to bone-cancer have not yet been systematically reviewed. This review is part of the FertiTOX project (www.fertitox.com) which aims to close the gap of data regarding gonadotoxicity of cancer therapies to enable more accurate counselling regarding fertility preservation. Study design, size, duration A systematic review was conducted to address the issue of gonadotoxicity of bone-cancer specific chemotherapies. Combined search topics included 1) bone-cancer, 2) cancer therapies and 3) fertility parameters after cancer therapy. All relevant documents published between 09/2000 and 08/2022 from the information sources MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library were included. Participants/materials, setting, methods Only post-pubertal women and men aged < 40 years without recurrent or metastatic disease were included. Due to the inconsistent description of post-treatment fertility parameters, the parameter “suspected infertility” was introduced to summarise and interpret the results. “Suspected infertility” was defined as follows: in women, any menstrual cycle disorder, gonadotropin or anti-mullerian hormone outside the reference range and a diagnosis of premature ovarian failure; in men, the presence of azoospermia or oligozoospermia. Main results and the role of chance A total of 11 out of 831 trials were included in the review. All studies were registry or observational studies. The rate of suspected infertility varied considerably in both OS and ES. Suspected infertility was found in 10/190 (5.1%, range 0-66%) female patients with OS (6 studies), 24/46 (52.2%, range 46-100%) male patients with OS (3 studies), 18/138 (13.0%, range 3-18%) female patients with ES (3 studies) and 34/38 (89.5%) male patients with ES (1 study). It was not possible to calculate the risk associated with specific chemotherapies. The risk of suspected infertility tended to be higher in ES, where all (100%) patients received alkylating chemotherapy, compared with 40% of women and 90% of men in OS. In both OS and ES, the overall rate of suspected infertility appeared to be higher in men than in women. Limitations, reasons for caution The limited data and heterogeneity of fertility-related outcomes in most trials made it necessary to define the rather vague outcome “suspected infertility”. Wider implications of the findings Our data suggest a moderate to high risk of infertility due to chemotherapies in bone cancer. This appears to be more pronounced in males than in females, although precise information cannot be given due to limited data. However, even though the study emphasizes the importance to consider fertility preservation measures. Trial registration number not applicable

Menstrual cycle disorders: a correlation with genetic alterations

The menstrual cycle is considered the fifth vital sign among women. The pituitary, thyroid, pancreas, adrenal, and ovaries are endocrine glands that play a crucial role in governing the menstrual cycle. Endocrine ailments trigger periods of menstruation disturbances throughout a woman's reproductive life. The duration and volume of menstrual bleeding can serve as indicators of endocrine problems. Oligomenorrhea, which refers to monthly periods longer than 35 days, is the most prevalent menstrual disruption observed in endocrine illnesses such as thyrotoxicosis, hypothyroidism, polycystic ovarian syndrome, Cushing's syndrome, and diabetes, based on the existing evidence. The intricate endocrine pathways are crucial in regulating a woman's menstrual cycle.. Menstrual Irregularities are caused due to eating disorders, extreme weight loss or too much exercising, Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), Premature ovarian failure, Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and Pregnancy or breast-feeding. Mensesare affected by various factors like junk food, obesity, skipping breakfast lack of physical activity etc. PCOS, Diabetes, Hyperprolactinemia, Hypothyroidism, Thyrotoxicosis, and Cushing’s syndrome are some menstrual disorders which occur due to genetic alterations. All these disorders can be primarily treated by Nutritional Considerations and herbal treatments. In order to achieve a regular menstrual cycle and overcome these diseases, nutritional supplements and lifestyle modifications must be prioritized.

Фактори ризику аденоміозу в жінок репродуктивного віку

The problem of adenomyosis is of particular relevance to patients of reproductive age since these diseases are accompanied by significant violations of the menstrual and generative functions. Aim - determine the risk factors for the development of adenomyosis in women of reproductive age in order to improve a complex pathogenetically based approach in the selection of treatment. Materials and methods. Analysis of anamnestic data and examination of 90 women of reproductive age with adenomyosis, which made up the main group, was carried out. The control group - 30 gynecologically healthy non-pregnant women of reproductive age. Results. The article provides data on the results of clinical-statistical analysis among reproductive-age women with the adenomyosis. The risk factors of development of adenomyosis in investigated group are determined. Those are: complicated heredity, high frequency of the clinical abortions, spontaneous miscarriages, pathological deliveries in the past. The low index of health is observed in such category of women: high sick rate of gynecological or extragenital pathology, 3 times higher frequency of child's and respiratory illnesses, the surgical intervention on uterus and ovarium promotes the progress of the endometriosis. That the most frequent clinical manifestations of adenomyosis are pain and hemorrhagic syndrome. Conclusions. The clinical and statistical analysis of the examined patients made it possible to identify risk factors for the development of adenomyosis in women of reproductive age: burdened heredity (60%), unmarried and single women (58.5%); employees with intellectual and mental and neuropsychological stress (63.3%), high infection index, accompanying extragenital pathology (37.4%), menstrual cycle disorders (93.3%) and reduced reproductive and sexual function; aggravated gynecological history: chronic inflammatory processes of the uterus and appendages (44.2%), pathology of the cervix (36.5%), artificial (66.6%) and involuntary (14.4%) abortions; intrauterine surgical interventions (76.3%). The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the participating institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.

Clinical aspects of the plurihormonal pituitary adenoma formation

Generally pituitary tumors have a benign growth, however, there are difficulties in diagnosis and treatment because of non-specific symptoms and the inability to predict the tumor growth. In clinical practice a hormonal activity of tumors has the significant role. To a greater extent, pituitary adenomas are prolactinomas, but the hypersecretion of prolactin could be combined with an excessive production of somatotropic hormone. In this case, the clinical picture of hyperprolactinemia is accompanied by acromegaly symptoms. The presented clinical case demonstrates the main reasons for the clinical appointment such as menstrual cycle disorders, prenatal preparation. A hyperprolactinemia has been detected, but as a treatment result, drug compensation was achieved and pregnancy occurred, then the woman gave birth without obstetric complications. Subsequently, other complaints arose, which expanded the diagnostic search and revealed the presence of a plurihormonal tumor.

The Relationship Between The Menstrual Cycle and The Incidence of Acne Vulgaris in Female Students at The Faculty of Medicine, Baiturrahmah University Padang Class of 2022

Acne vulgaris is a disease that attacks the pilosebaceous unit and can cause non-inflammatory and inflammatory lesions, as well as varying degrees of scarring. In Southeast Asia, the prevalence of acne vulgaris reaches 40-80% of cases. The exact etiology and risk factors for the development of acne vulgaris remain uncertain. However, one factor that is thought to play a role is the fluctuation in estrogen and progesterone that occur during the menstrual cycle in women. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the menstrual cycle and the incidence of acne vulgaris in student at the faculty of medicine, Baiturrahmah University, Padang, class of 2022. The type of research is observational analytics, consist of 48 samples using a consecutive sampling technique. Univariate data analysis is presented and bivariate analysis using the chi-square test. Data processing using the computerized SPSS version 25.0. The highest incidence of acne vulgaris was 75.0% and the highest menstrual cycle was normal was 64.6%. There is relationship between menstrual cycle disorders and the incidence of acne vulgaris (p=0.015) and none the relationship between abnormal menstrual cycles and the incidence of acne vulgaris (p=1.000). There is relationship between menstrual cycle disorders and the incidence of acne vulgaris and there is no relationship between abnormal menstrual cycles and the incidence of acne vulgaris instudent at the Faculty of Medicine, Baiturrahmah University, Padang, Class of 2022.

Menstrual cycle disorders as an early symptom of energy deficiency among female physique athletes assessed using the Low Energy Availability in Females Questionnaire (LEAF-Q)

Physique competitions are weight-sensitive sports in which stage presentation, aesthetic appearance and posing ability of the athletes are judged rather than physical performance. The aim of this study was to assess low energy availability among female physique athletes by using the LEAF-Q. The study involved 104 females who were physique athletes. Monthly cycle disorders were reported in 58.65% of the women, that is periods stopped for three consecutive months or longer (amenorrhea). This situation occurred before the research was conducted in 43.27% of athletes and during the research in 15.38%. The physique athletes claimed that menstruation changes occurred when there was an increased exercise intensity, frequency or duration. Absence from training due to injury was reported by 27.88% of the women. The LEAF-Q identified 46.15% of the physique athletes as at risk (score ≥ 8) of low energy availability and the physiological consequences related to RED-S. Women who had menstrual cycle disorders were younger and did more training per week. Among women with menstrual disorders, cramps or stomach ache which cannot be related to menstruation occurred more frequently (p = 0.004). Absence from training or lack of participation in competition due to injuries occurred more frequently in the score ≥ 8 group (p = 0.024) thank the ≤ score 8 group. In the score ≥ 8 group menstruation changes, that is less bleeding or cessation of menstruation (p = 0.035), occurred more frequently when there was an increase in exercise intensity, frequency or duration (p = 0.002).

«Perinatal portrait», reproductive health parameters and risk factors for fat metabolism disorders in young overweight women

Overweight and obesity are one of the most serious social and medical problems today. It is appropriate to single out a special category of young women aged 18–35 years with excessive body weight, that is, the age which is capable of ensuring the reproductive potential of the future.The objective: to determine the probable factors of metabolic imbalance and the main parameters of reproductive health disorders in young overweight women.Materials and methods. Reproductive health parameters and the main predictors of its impairment were evaluated in two groups of patients – the main group (890 women with BMI > 25.0 kg/m2) and a control group (40 patients with BMI of 18.5–24.9 kg/m2).The main group was divided into two subgroups taking into account the age of formation of overweight and obesity: I subgroup – 596 women with pubertal obesity (66.9%) and II subgroup – 294 women with overweight in the postpubertal period (33.1%).Results. A high rate of pregnancy complications (86.9%), gestational diabetes (25.8%), preeclampsia (34.1%), premature birth and low birth weight fetus (20.9%), as well as the birth of a girl with a large body weight (24.4%), can become modified factors in the formation of the reproductive system according to the characteristics of the “perinatal portrait” and form the basis of screening programs. The relationship between the early introduction of complementary foods and the absence of breastfeeding and the presence of obesity in the girl in the future was established (OR=7.25; 95% CI: 2.99–17.59; χ2=23.53, p<0.0001).Attention should be paid to reproductive function disorders: amenorrhea was found 1.7 times more often in the case of postpubertal obesity, as well as abnormal uterine bleeding or metrorrhagia, infertility (24.4%), dyshormonal breast diseases (34.7%), polycystic ovary syndrome (59.8%), proliferative processes of the endometrium and myometrium (34.7%), as well as the formation of endometrial hyperplasia and polyposis with age (25.8%).A high percentage of stressogenic factors was determined in the examined cohort of patients, which could initiate the manifestation of metabolic and endocrine disorders in 569 cases – 63.9% (OR=4.14; 95% CI: 2.07–8.25; χ2=17.38, p<0.0001).Conclusions. Probable predictors of impaired fat metabolism in young women were statistically identified: heredity from the mothers of such patients regarding metabolic and endocrine disorders, body weight at birth more than 4000 g and artificial feeding, early age of menarche, pubertal paratrophy, stress factors, infectious diseases during menarche, hypodynamia and a high level of intellectual differentiation.The reproductive health of women with overweight and obesity is characterized by a high frequency of menstrual cycle disorders, increased manifestations of changes in the vaginal microbiome and dysuric symptoms, as well as infertility, hormone-dependent diseases, and impaired reproductive function.

Irisin alleviated the reproductive endocrinal disorders of PCOS mice accompanied by changes in gut microbiota and metabolomic characteristics

IntroductionFolliculogenesis and oligo/anovulation are common pathophysiological characteristics in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients, and it is also accompanied by gut microbiota dysbiosis. It is known that physical activity has beneficial effects on improving metabolism and promoting ovulation and menstrual cycle disorder in PCOS patients, and it can also modulate the gastrointestinal microbiota in human beings. However, the mechanism remains vague. Irisin, a novel myokine, plays a positive role in the mediating effects of physical activity.MethodsMice were randomly divided into the control group, PCOS group and PCOS+irisin group. PCOS model was induced by dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and high-fat diet (HFD). The PCOS+irisin group was given irisin 400μg/kg intraperitoneal injection every other day for 21 days. The serum sex hormones were measured by radioimmunoassay. Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) Staining and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were conducted on ovarian tissue. The feces microbiota and metabolomic characteristics were collected by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC–MS).ResultsIn this study, we demonstrated that irisin supplementation alleviated reproductive endocrine disorders of PCOS mice, including estrous cycle disturbance, ovarian polycystic degeneration, and hyperandrogenemia. Irisin also improved the PCOS follicles dysplasia and ovulation disorders, while it had no significant effect on the quality of oocytes. Moreover, irisin could mitigate the decreased bacteria of Odoribacter and the increased bacteria of Eisenbergiella and Dubosiella in PCOS mice model. Moreover, irisin could alleviate the increased fecal metabolites: Methallenestril and PS (22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/ LTE4).ConclusionThese results suggest that irisin may alleviate the status of PCOS mice model by modulating androgen-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis and fecal metabolites. Hence, our study provided evidence that irisin may be considered as a promising strategy for the treatment of PCOS.

Hubungan Aktivitas Fisik Sedenter dengan Siklus Menstruasi Mahasiswi Fakultas Kedokteran UHAMKA

High intensity physical activity affects Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH) while low physical activity that leads to less body movement affects oxidative energy reserves. This study aims to determine the relationship between sedentary physical activity and the menstrual cycle of students of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. HAMKA (UHAMKA). The research design was an observational analytic survey with a cross sectional approach. The sample size was determined by the Slovin formula, which was 92 subjects. The results showed that most of the female students (95.65%) with sedentary physical activity, and female students with abnormal menstrual cycle disorders (polymenorrhea) were 31.52% oligomenorrhea 11.96%, hypomenorrhea 64.13%, while hypermenorrhea was only 3.27%. There is no significant relationship between the level of sedentary physical activity with menstrual cycle disorders.