Menstrual Cycle Disorders Research Articles

Клінічні особливості порушень менструальної функції, асоційованих із психопатологією

The health of the younger generation is a public value. Today, the state of health of teenage girls is of particular concern due to its progressive deterioration. Purpose - to study the features of the clinical course of menstrual function disorders in adolescent girls with comorbid mental health disorders. Materials and methods. 154 girls aged 11-17 were examined with menstrual cycle disorders (77 with oligomenorrhea (OM) and 77 with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB)). Assessment of physical and sexual development, age of menarche was carried out. Depending on the examination by a psychiatrist, all girls with OM and AUB were divided into groups: without deviations in mental status, with anxiety-phobic disorders and depressive states. Results. It was found that the average growth indicators were probably higher in girls with OM in relation to adolescents with AUB, especially in the presence of psychopathology. The use of BMI did not reveal a significant difference when comparing patients with OM and AUB. Abnormalities of sexual development were probably more often registered in patients with AUB, with its advance, this acquired a significant difference (p˂0.01) and depended on both body mass index (BMI) and psychopathology. If the percentage of patients with disorders of sexual development did not differ depending on psychopathology in girls with AUB, then in adolescents with OM, the specific weight of girls with abnormalities of sexual development increased with the appearance of psychopathology. The average age of menarche was significantly lower in patients with AUB compared to patients with OM (p˂0.003). Early menarche was more typical for AUB. Much more often in adolescents with AUB, it was registered with normative fluctuations of BMI and its excess, as well as with anxiety-phobic disorders both with AUB and OM. Conclusions. The analysis of the conducted studies indicates reliable differences regarding the clinical course of menstrual function disorders by the type of OM and AUB with comorbid psychopathology. It was established that there are significant differences in such indicators as growth, puberty, time of menarche, which depended on the type of menstrual disorders and comorbid psychopathology. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of participating institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors.

Menstrual cycle characteristics, perceived impact on performance, and barriers to communication: Perspectives of high-performance adolescent athletes in Singapore.

The purpose of this study was to examine the menstrual cycle (MC) characteristics, explore the impact on performance, and identify barriers to and facilitators of MC-related communication among high-performance female adolescent athletes in Singapore. Ninety athletes (15.4 ± 1.8 years) from multiple sports completed an online questionnaire. Eighty-four athletes were postmenarcheal (menarcheal age 11.9 ± 1.3 years), including two who were using an oral contraceptive pill (OCP). Secondary amenorrhea, current or history of, was self-reported in 16% of athletes. Sixty-two percent and 67% of non-OCP athletes perceived that the MC affected their ability to train and compete, respectively. Athletes preferred speaking to a parent (85%) and a female figure (67%) about MC-related concerns. Through thematic analysis, three barriers to communication were constructed: (1) pervasive menstrual stigma, (2) constraints of the training environment, and (3) the low value placed on MC-related conversations. Two facilitators of communication were constructed: (1) respect athletes' individual experiences as menstruating girls and (2) foster a safe space for MC-related conversations. Findings demonstrated that menstrual irregularities are common in adolescent athletes and screening for MC disorders, particularly primary amenorrhea should be undertaken in this population, with clear support pathways for management including symptom mitigation. To support athletes in raising MC-related concerns when needed, structured communication pathways that consider individual preferences and involve a (female) point of contact should be established within the training environment. Improving menstrual health literacy among adolescent athletes before any misinformation or negative perceptions are firmly established may contribute to longevity in their athletic careers.

Hubungan Tingkat Stres Dan Imt Dengan Siklus Menstruasi Pada Mahasiswi Prodi Kebidanan Program Sarjana Universitas Respati Yogyakarta

Background: Menstruation is regular uterine bleeding as a sign that the reproductive organs are functioning properly. Various factors, including nutritional status, stress, physical activity, adequacy of macronutrients, and endocrine disorders, influence a woman's menstrual cycle. However, two main factors related to the menstrual cycle are nutritional status and stress. The results of a preliminary study showed that 70% of 10 female students experienced menstrual cycle disorders.Objective: This study aimed to examine how stress levels and BMI were linked to menstrual cycle disorders among the Undergraduate Program in Midwifery students at Respati University of Yogyakarta.Methods: This study was analytic observational research conducted using a cross-sectional design with a sample of 97 people. The data collection instruments comprised questionnaires, tread scales, and microtoise. The statistical test was done using the Chi-Square test.Results: Most female students experienced stress (66%), had normal Body Mass Indexes (63.9%), and had normal menstrual cycles (80.4%). There was no correlation between the participants' stress levels and menstrual cycles (p=0.603) nor between their BMI and menstrual cycle (p=1.000).Conclusion: The students’ stress levels and BMI did not correlate with their menstrual cycles

KISSPEPTIN SIGNALING IN MENSTRUAL DISORDERS IN OBESE ADOLESCENT GIRLS

Background. Menstrual cycle disorders (MCD) are common among adolescent girls.Objective. To study the level of plasma kisspeptin in adolescent girls with obesity and MCD.Design and methods. The study included 80 adolescent girls with obesity. Group 1 — with MCD, group 2 — without MCD. Inclusion in groups 1 year or more after menarche. Laboratory examination included assessment of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, hormonal examination.Results. There were no significant differences in SDS BMI between the groups (p = 0.486 and p = 0.459). Significantly higher in group 1: impaired carbohydrate tolerance (NTU), hypertriglyceridemia (p = 0.022), levels of kisspeptin, luteinizing hormone (LH), total testosterone, anti-muller hormone (AMH), free androgen index (ISA) (p = 0.001, p = 0.008, p = 0.026, p = 0.014, p = 0.027, respectively). The estradiol level in group 2 was significantly higher than in group 1 (p = 0.012). According to the results of the ROC analysis, the optimal value of the plasma kisspeptin level was found to be 53.56 pg/ml.Conclusion. Obese and MCD patients have significantly higher levels of kisspeptin, as well as LH, AMH, and testosterone than adolescent girls with similar severity of obesity without MCD. The plasma kisspeptin level is 53.56 pg/ml. It can be used as a new diagnostic criterion for predicting the risk of MCD in obese girls. Obese and MCD patients are significantly more likely to have NTU and hypertriglyceridemia compared to obese patients without MCD.

Pharmaceutical care in the treatment of menstrual cycle disorders among women of reproductive age: rational choice and use of drugs

Pharmaceutical care in the treatment of menstrual cycle disorders among women of reproductive age: rational choice and use of drugs

Correlations of cytokines, regulating the synthesis of structural macromolecules of connective tissue, in undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia in adolescent girls

Objective: to study the correlations of serum levels of cytokines, regulating the synthesis of structural macromolecules of connective tissue, in undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia in adolescent girls with menstrual cycle disorders. Materials and methods: 176 adolescent girls aged 11 to 17 years with menstrual cycle disorders (MCD) and undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia (UCTD) and 69 healthy girls of the same age were examined. Levels of cytokines IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, TNF-α, OPG, RANKL were studied in serum samples. Results: a significant increase in serum IL-6 and RANKL (p<0,01), as well as a tendency (p<0,1) to increase OPG production was found in adolescent girls with UCTD with MCD. In UCTD with NMC, correlations between the studied cytokines are much more common than in the control group (p=0,01). The most pronounced in adolescent girls with UCTD are positive correlations (moderate strength) between the concentrations of three cytokines IL-6, RANKL and OPG. Conclusions: The data obtained reflect the mechanisms of cytokine dysregulation of metabolism and remodeling of connective tissue and indicate the development of a weakly expressed systemic inflammatory process in UCTD with MCD in adolescent girls. The results of the study can be used to develop effective individualized schemes of therapeutic and preventive measures.

The Relationship between Body Mass Index and Menstrual Cycle of Female Students in SMK Negeri 2 Gorontalo

Introduction: The menstrual cycle is a regularly coordinated hormonal process in a woman's body which can be an indicator to describe a woman's reproductive health. Riskesdas (2018) shows that 11.7% of Indonesian youth experience menstrual cycle disorders. Body Mass Index (BMI) can be a factor that can interfere with the menstrual cycle, so the purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and the menstrual cycle in female students at SMK Negeri 2 Gorontalo.Method: This study used a cross-sectional design. The sample was selected using a probability sampling technique utilizing simple random sampling with a total sample of 173 people, the instruments used were scales and meters for body mass index data and menstrual cycle questionnaires. The study was conducted in November 2022. The relationship between BMI and the menstrual cycle was tested using the Spearman correlation test.Results: Out of 173 respondents whose data were analyzed, 128 respondents (74%) had a normal BMI, 19 respondents (11%) were underweight, and 26 respondents (15%) were overweight. Among the total respondents, 117 (67.6%) had a normal menstrual cycle, while 56 (32.4%) had an abnormal cycle. There were 14 respondents (10.9%) with normal BMI, 18 respondents (94.7%) with underweight BMI, and 24 respondents (92.3%) with overweight BMI who had an abnormal menstrual cycle. There was a significant correlation between BMI and menstrual cycle among female students of SMK Negeri Gorontalo, with a p-value of 0.019.Conclusion: significant association exists between BMI and menstrual cycle among SMK Negeri 2 Gorontalo female students. This study can serve as a recommendation for the school to provide information regarding reproductive health, particularly menstrual cycles.

Immunological disorders in patients with mammary gland pathology in infertility associated with anovulation

The objective: to study the state of the immune system in women with pathology of the mammary glands and infertility, and on the background of menstrual cycle disorders.Materials and methods. The research was performed in two stages. The first (1) stage included examination of women with infertility associated with anovulation who had breast pathology. These patients were divided into three groups: 1.1 group – 44 patients with diffuse fibrocystic breast disease (FBD), 1.2 group – 4 patients with fibroadenoma of the mammary glands, 1.3 group (control one) – 37 patients without pathological changes in the mammary glands.During the second (2) stage of the study, 110 women were examined: 2.1 group – 52 patients with regular menstruations and luteal phase insufficiency (LPI) and 2.2 group – 58 patients with anovulatory cycles.During two research stages, the immune status (CD3, CD4, CD8, immunoregulatory index (CD4/CD8), CD72, CD16, circulating immune complexes) and cytokine profile (IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α, INF) in venous blood were determined. Differences were considered statistically significant at p<0.05.Results. A significant increase in the CD8 index was found in the group of patients with normal mammary glands (34.7±6.9 pg/ml; p<0.05) and with a diffuse form of FBD (35.13±6.9 pg/ml; p<0.05) versus its normal level in the group of patients with fibroadenoma (26.5±15.9 pg/ml; p>0.05).During the analysis of the CD16 level, it was determined its significantly increased to 18.8±3.1 pg/ml (р<0.05) in patients with LPI and regular menstrual cycle and to 26.3±4.8 pg/ml (р< 0.05) – in patients with anovulation without LPI, the difference between the groups was significant. The level of CD16 was significantly higher in anovulatory menstrual cycle disorder without LPI compared to patients with menstrual cycle disorder and LPI.The concentration of TNF-α in patients with a regular menstrual cycle (998.1±166.3 pg/ml; p<0.05) and with an anovulatory cycle without LPI (1029.3±187.1 pg/ml; p<0.05) was significantly higher compared to normal values (778.5±64.0 pg/ml). The level of IL-2 was significantly lower than normal indices. Thus, in the group of women with LPI, this indicator was 17.13±2.85 pg/ml (р<0.05), and by anovulation without LPI – 16.84±3.07 pg/ml (р<0.05) versus normal parameter 22.29±0.81 pg/ml.Conclusions. In patients with diseases of the mammary glands and infertility associated with anovulation without LPI, a significant decrease in the activity of T2-helpers (IL-2) and an increase in the activity of T1-helpers (TNF-α) were determined in cases of anovulation without LPI compared with cases of luteal phase insufficiency.

Analisis Hubungan Stres, Aktivitas Fisik, dan Kelelahan Dengan Gangguan Siklus Menstruasi

The menstrual cycle is the distance between periods. A normal menstrual cycle is 22-35 days. Distances that are more or less are called menstrual cycle disorders. Menstrual cycle disorders are divided into 3 namely polymenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, and amenorrhea. Menstrual cycle disorders often occur in adolescence due to unstable hormonal performance and can be caused by several factors of menstrual cycle disorders including stress activity, physical activity, and fatigue. This study aims to analyze the relationship between physical activity, fatigue, and stress with menstrual cycle disorders in female students of the Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga. Analytic observational research with the study design used was cross sectional. The sample size was 178 respondents. Data were collected using a questionnaire. The relationship analysis test used chi-square and fisher's exact test. The results of this study obtained the percentage of stress mostly in the moderate category (81.5%), physical activity of female students mostly in the low category (47.2%), and fatigue mostly in the moderate category (76.4%). The prevalence of menstrual cycle disorders was 18.5%. The p-value was 1.0 on the stress variable, 0.869 on the physical activity variable, and 0.354 on the fatigue variable. All variables get a p-value> 0.05. The conclusion of this study is that there is no significant relationship between stress, physical activity, and fatigue with the occurrence of menstrual cycle disorders in female students of the Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga

Clinical analysis of three patients with multiple endometrial cancer lesions treated by hysteroscopic surgery combined with progesterone: Case report.

Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of three common malignant tumors of the female reproductive tract, exceeded by cervical cancer. It has an incidence rate ranging from 3% to 10% with an increasing trend in recent years. To analyze the clinical effectiveness of hysteroscopic surgery combined with progesterone therapy in patients with multiple lesions of endometrial cancer with fertility preservation. Multiple endometrial cancer lesions were present. Three patients presented with menstrual cycle disorders, irregular vaginal bleeding, and endometrial thickening. Diffuse and local bulges of the endometrium can be seen under hysteroscopy. The histopathological results showed varying degrees of complex endometrial hyperplasia with canceration. Progesterone receptor was detected in lesion tissues through immunohistochemical examination. Case 1 fully recovered within 2 months, case 2 within 3 months, and case 3 within 9 months. Our data suggested the clinical efficacy of hysteroscopic surgery combined with progesterone therapy in patients with early multiple endometrial cancer, providing the precious experience of the clinical presentation.

Menstrual Cycle Disorders and their Relationship with Body Mass Index (BMI) in Adolescent Girls

Menstrual Cycle Disorders and their Relationship with Body Mass Index (BMI) in Adolescent Girls

Stress-induced menstrual disorders in adolescents during the Ukrainian war: cross-sectional study.

A cross-sectional study of 120 Ukrainian girls aged 9-18 asked to complete a survey about their menstrual cycle status 3-6 months after the war began. Other examination methods used included anthropometry, laboratory, and instrumental studies. The frequency of menstrual cycle disorders in the study group was 65.8% (n=79). The following menstrual cycle disorders were most frequently reported; dysmenorrhea 45.6% (n=36), excessive menstruation during puberty 27.8% (n=22), and secondary amenorrhea 26.6% (n=21). The 52.5% (n=63) of those examined had pathological menarche. The 81.7% (n=63) of respondents reported a change in eating habits in the previous few months. The 61.9% (n=39) of these children had dyshormonal disorders or met the criteria for metabolic syndrome. Adolescent females under stress warrant a quick assessment of their psychoemotional and metabolic conditions. The protection from future menstruation and reproductive illnesses depends on this tactic. By diagnosing these conditions promptly and well-managed, adolescent females may maintain good physical and emotional health.

Approaches towards menstrual cycle disorder therapy in reproductive-aged women with long COVID

Background. The mirror of a female’s reproductive health is the menstrual cycle. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic itself acts as a significant stressor. This leads to women’s overall health and life quality disturbance. Moreover, patients struggle with long COVID effects, which is a prolongation of symptoms after recovery. Due to the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme type 2 receptors in the intestinal mucosa and inflammation, the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is also triggered by the virus.Objectives. To assess the efficacy of the chosen treatment approach in women with changes in premenstrual syndrome and cyclicity due to long COVID with or without GI symptoms.Material and methods. A single-centre longitudinal interventional study was organized. Were studied data from the conducted tests (progesterone level, ultrasound follicle scan, etc.) and surveys. Then the effectiveness of the suggested treatment with the use of oral and vaginal forms of progesterone was evaluated. The study was held in the Kyiv City Center of Reproductive and Perinatal Medicine (Ukraine) from January to June 2021.Results. On average 78% patients without GI symptoms experienced relief after 3 months and 89% patients after 6 months of suggested treatment. 71% patients with GI symptoms experienced improvement after 3 and 87% of them after 6 months. The vaginal progesterone had better results compared to oral form. Averagely 6–8% experienced side effects (nausea, hypotension, less compliance) due to progesterone intake. The vaginal micronised progesterone also presented better results than oral with fewer side effects compared to the total number of participants.Conclusions. The proposed approach has shown particular correction of the menstrual cycle disturbances in women with long COVID. Vaginal micronized progesterone offers more promising outcomes in patients with GI symptoms and disrupted absorption, compared to the oral form.Further investigation is required for a more reasonable conclusion.

Ovarian reserve in patients with systemic sclerosis

Objective. To evaluate the ovarian reserve in women with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and to analyze the relationship of the concentration of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) with the main manifestations of the disease and therapy. Material and methods. The study included 74 SSc patients aged 18 to 40 years; the control group consisted of 32 healthy women, matched by age. The concentration of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin, estradiol (E2) and testosterone was determined by enzyme immunoassay (ELISA), AMH quantitatively using standard chemiluminescent analysis on paramagnetic particles in blood serum. The AMG level of 1.0– 10.6 ng/ml was taken as normative values. Values <1.0 were regarded as a decrease in ovarian reserve. Results. In patients with SSD, the levels of AMH and testosterone were significantly lower than 1.4 [0.5; 2.3] and 0.45 [0.2; 0.96], respectively, versus 2.4 [1.8; 3.3] (p=0.002) and 1.6 [0.97; 2.5] (p=0.0001) in the control. The concentration of prolactin and E2 was recorded higher with SSDs – 22.23 [14.08; 31.18] and 140.2 [102.43; 179.74], respectively, against 10.2 [7.11; 16.68] (p=0.000002) and 95.3 [64.50; 130.0] (p=0.002) in the control. A decrease in the ovarian reserve by the level of AMH was significantly more often detected in patients with SSD in 43% versus 9.4% in the control (p=0.002). The risk of AMH reduction in patients with SSD was 7 times higher compared to the control (OR=7.030; 95% CI: 1.97–25.11). The levels of the hormones studied were comparable in patients with low and normal ovarian reserve. Diffuse form (46.9%) and subacute course of the disease (53.1%) were more often detected in patients with SSD and with low ovarian reserve compared to those with normal ovarian reserve (23.8% (p=0.033); 23.4% (p=0.004)). The frequency of organ lesions of SSDs, immunological disorders, inflammatory markers, and the lipid spectrum in the groups did not differ depending on the level of AMH. There were also no differences in the regimens and doses of treatment with basic anti-inflammatory drugs and glucocorticoids. Menstrual cycle disorders were noted by 31% of patients with SSD versus 6.2% in the control (p=0.004). Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) was detected in 6.8% of patients with SSD and none in the control group (p=0.02). Patients with SSD and POI did not differ in age, duration of illness, clinical manifestations and therapy of them without POI.Conclusion. The concentration of AMH and testosterone was significantly lower in patients with. A decrease in ovarian reserve was significantly more often detected in women with SSs. Low ovarian reserve was more often detected in patients with diffuse form and subacute course of the disease. POI was more often observed in the group of SSc.

Рівень післяопераційних ускладнень при хірургічній патології органів черевної порожнини та порожнини таза в дівчат

The frequency of the development of adhesion disease after surgical interventions on the abdominal cavity is 63-93%. In women who have complications, in the form of confirmed adhesion disease, there is infertility and miscarriage, menstrual cycle disorders in 60% of cases. It should be noted that among women with adhesions, 8.02% had ectopic pregnancies. In addition, every fifth woman with adhesions in the abdominal cavity has endometriosis - 3.08% of cases. Postoperative complications in patients operated on for acute appendicitis are 4-15%, and the mortality rate of acute appendicitis is 0.1-10%. Purpose - to analyze the level of postoperative complications in girls operated on for acute surgical pathology of the pelvic organs by laparoscopic or laparotomy methods. Materials and methods. An analysis of the treatment of 297 girls who were undergoing inpatient treatment for surgical pathology of the pelvic organs at the Pediatric Surgery Clinic of National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsia, Ukraine on the basis of the Vinnytsia Regional Pediatric Clinical Hospital of the Vinnytsia Regional Council during 2018-2022. Results. In children who underwent laparoscopic appendectomy, the rate of postoperative complications was 8 times lower compared to open methods. The use of laparoscopic technologies in the treatment of gynecological pathology in girls, in particular, in teenagers, allowed to reduce the number of postoperative complications by 5 times. Conclusions. In general, it should be recommended, according to indications, to introduce into clinical practice laparoscopic methods of diagnosis and treatment of surgical pathology of the abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The research protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the institution mentioned in the work. Informed consent of the children’s parents was obtained for the research. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.

Аналіз ефективності впливу баріатричних втручань у жінок із морбідним ожирінням і відновлення в них менструальної та репродуктивної функції

Purpose - to evaluate the effectiveness of weight loss after bariatric surgery (BS) in women with morbid obesity (MO) on the recovery of menstruation and the realization of reproductive functions. Materials and methods. Changes in menstrual and reproductive functions were analyzed in 51 women with MO and accompanying metabolic syndrome (MS), aged 22 to 55 years, who underwent BV. Women with a higher body mass (BMI) underwent biliopancreatic bypass (BPS) in the Hess-Marceau modification (I clinical group - 21 women), patients with a lower body mass index (BMI) - longitudinal gastric resection (LGR) - II clinical group (30 patients). The duration of observation in the postoperative period ranged from 3 to 7 years. The BMI of women ranged from 29.2 kg/m2 to 62.1 kg/m2 and averaged 44.0±1.0 kg/m2. The experience of obesity varied from 5 to 21 years. Results. Menstrual cycle disorders (MC) were observed in 100% of cases. 16 out of 24 (66.7%) women under the age of 40 had reproductive plans (RP) in the postoperative period. In 18 (75.0%) of them, we were talking about chronic anovulatory cycles. Endometrial and myometrial pathology was noted in 14 (27.5%) women. Analysis of the dynamics of MO indicators during the first 3 years after BS showed general trends towards a probable (p<0.001) decrease in BM and BMI indicators in patients of all clinical groups already after 3 months from the start of treatment. Regular MC in women under 40 years of age was restored within 1.5 years against the background of a decrease in MT without medical intervention. Spontaneous pregnancy occurred in 7 (43.8%) women with RP 3 years after BS and in 5 (31.3%) - with the help of assisted reproductive technologies. Conclusions. An intense decrease in body weight and, accordingly, BMI, is observed within 12 months after operative treatment using the combined BPS method and in the period of 3-6 months in patients after PRS. Achieving statistical comparability of BMI indicators in both groups (p>0.05) occurs already after 6 months. Stabilization of average BMI indicators in subsequent years occurs in the range (95% CI) of 25.7 - 32.1 kg/m2, regardless of the method of surgical intervention. Weight loss improved reproductive potential in women with MS by 42%. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the participating institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.

The role of stress reactions in the genesis of menstrual cycle disorders in recurrent urinary tract infections in minors

BACKGROUND. Extragenital diseases, including recurrent urinary tract infections, have an adverse effect on the reproductive health of children and adolescents. Vaginitis and menstrual cycle disorders, including primary oligomenorrhea, predominate in the structure of gynecological morbidity of minors suffering from recurrent UTIs.THE AIM: to study the role of stress reactions in the genesis of various variants of menstrual cycle disorders in minors suffering from recurrent UTIs to improve the dispensary management of this cohort of patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS. A prospective study was conducted in 98 adolescent girls aged 16 to 18 years. Taking into account the nature of the clinical course of UTI, all the subjects were divided into 3 groups: group 1 (n=41) – patients with UTI; group 2 (n=27) patients with frequent recurrence of UTI (more than 3 times a year (rIMP); group 3 (n=30) – minors, 1, 2 health groups with no IPM episode. A specialized gynecological examination, functional diagnostic tests, ultrasound examination of the placemark and ovaries, determination of cortisol, norepinephrine, adrenaline by enzyme immunoassay were carried out. Statistical analysis was performed using the program "SPSS Statistics 17.0 for Windows".RESULTS. Anovulation was observed in patients with frequent recurrence of UTI. Copious and prolonged menstruation, uterine bleeding and primary oligomenorrhea were observed only in patients with recurrent UTIs. In this cohort, inflammatory gynecological diseases take a chronic course. Polycystic ovarian syndrome (40.7 %) and chronic salpingoophoritis (44.4 %) were often detected in patients with frequently recurrent UTI. In patients suffering from UTI, in contrast to the data of the comparison group, there were significant violations of the nature of adaptive reactions, and changes in antistress reactions and their levels differed depending on the variant of the course of the microbial-inflammatory process. In patients with rare relapses of UTI, antistress reactions of a high level of reactivity prevailed, but there were reactions of calm and increased activation, training that took place at low levels of reactivity.CONCLUSION. Adaptive-compensatory disorders were revealed in almost every patient with recurrent UTI. Considering that stress is especially pathogenic during puberty, when hormonal and psychophysiological restructuring of the body occurs, prevention and complex therapy of microbial-inflammatory diseases of the urinary system in this category of patients should be carried out taking into account the formation of reproductive function and the severity of adaptation reactions.

Evaluation of body mass index in women with a sedentary lifestyle and those practising various amateur physical activities, and the prevalence of menstrual cycle disorders in physically active underweight women

Background: The aim of the research was to assess the body mass index in women involved in various forms of physical activity including dancing (Tango-T), running (Runners-R) and exercising in fitness clubs (Fitness-F) compared to sedentary women (Control-C). An additional aim was to investigate the prevalence of disorders of the menstrual cycle in physically active women with body mass index <18.5.Methods and material: 683 women participated in the study (T:143, R:215, F:120, C:205). In each group, the mean body mass index value and the percentages of obese, overweight, normal-weight, and underweight women were calculated. The effect of age and training parameters on body mass index and the prevalence of menstrual disorders in underweight women were analyzed. The author’s questionnaire was used in the research.Results: The mean body mass index (BMI) [kg/m2] was lower in the T (21.52.3, R:22.33.0) and F (21.93.0) groupscompared to the C group (23.64.7). In the T group (89.5%, R:76.7%) and F group (75.8%), more women had normal BMI than in the C group 55.6%. The strongest correlations between age and BMI occurred in the C group (r=0.41;p<0.001) and were weaker in the other groups: R:(r=0.18;p<0.01), T:(r=0.14;p<0.01), and F:(r=0.01;p<0.05). Menstrual cycle disorders in underweight women in the F group (50.0%) were more frequent than in the C group (4.3%).

The Relationship Between Menstrual Cycle Disorders In Obese Adolescents

Menstrual cycle disorders are the main symptom of anovulation, a phenomenon accompanied by decreased ovarian steroid secretion and production. Weight gain and an increase in adipose tissue in obese women, especially in the midsection, can disrupt the balance of steroid hormones such as androgens, estrogens, and sex hormone-binding globulins, which can affect the menstrual cycle in adolescents. The mechanism of obesity that is most often associated with menstrual cycle disorders. On that basis, this study aims to assess the relationship between insulin resistance and menstrual cycle disorders in obese adolescents. Method : This study used a cross-sectional design with comparisons where in this study the researchers compared the levels of the Homeostatic Model obese adolescent women who had normal menstrual cycles and abnormal menstrual cycles. Result : the group with abnormal menstrual cycles were found to be lower than those in the normal menstrual cycle group, but no significant difference was found. In addition, the abnormal menstrual cycle group were found to be lower but not significant. Conclusion : Obesity no significant relationship to the menstrual cycle in obese adolescent girls

The relationship of stress levels, nutritional status and physical activity with menstrual cycle disorders

The relationship of stress levels, nutritional status and physical activity with menstrual cycle disorders