Meniran Extract Research Articles

Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri Linn) Extract Potential on Texel Sheep Feed Consumption, Body Weight Gain and Feed Conversion

Meniran contains phytochemical compounds that are efficacious for productivity. This research was conducted to determine the effectiveness of meniran extract on feed consumption, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio of Texel sheep. This research was conducted using Completely Randomized Design by divided 20 Texel sheeps into 4 treatments, each treatment consisted of 5 repetitions. The treatment groups consisted of : P0 (sheeps were given CMC-Na 0.5% solution), P1 (given meniran extracts at 5% concentration), P2 (given meniran extracts at 10% concentration) and P3 (given meniran extracts at 20% concentration). administration of treatment between groups using a syringe (20 ml) amount of 1ml/kgBB per oral. Data in the form of feed consumption, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio were then analyzed using ANOVA and continued with Duncan's test. The best result on body weight gain and feed conversion ratio by P1. This research show that meniran extracts had no effect on feed consumption but can increase body weight gain at 5% concentrations and decrease feed conversion ratio at 5% concentrations.

MENIAR EXTRACT NANO CONCENTRATE AND MILK PROCESSING TRAINING TO BOOST KELOMPOK PERAH JAYA JOMBANG'S INCOME

Segunung is one of the six Dusun in Carangwulung, Wonosalam, Jombang, East Java where Sapi Perah Jaya and Wanita Tani Perah Jaya groups manage to breed 210 dairy cows. The milk produced is deposited to KUD Anjasmoro before being transferred to the milk processing industry and some is processed by Wanita Tani Perah Jaya into pasteurized milk. The problems faced by dairy farmers, especially after the Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) outbreak, are the decreasing milk and feed production, and livestock health. The problem faced by Wanita Tani Perah Jaya is a lack of knowledge about dairy product verification and marketing. To solve this problem the researchers administer nano meniran extract containing bioactive compounds such as flavonoids and Saponin flavonoids, as an immunomodulator, stimulate and improve the immune system and the impaired immune function, while Saponins increase the diameter of the villi and the permeability of intestinal cell walls, thereby affecting the absorption of nutrients carried by feed. If the immunity increases and the absorption of feed nutrients is good, it will increase milk production in dairy cows. Through this community service activity, there will be increased empowerment of partners of the Sapi Perah Jaya Group with training in making concentrate with meniran nano extract as well as milk processing at the Wanita Tani Perah Jaya. The solution is to diversify milk in the form of yogurt. This activity was carried out using three methods: 1) Counseling on making beef concentrate with the addition of nano meniran extract, making yogurt and marketing dairy products, 2) Training on making the concentrate and making yogurt 3) Monitoring and evaluation that was carried out every month for 3 months after the counseling and training were carried out. The results obtained from this community service are the increased empowerment of partners and the increased skills of farmers in making concentrates and dairy products in the form of yogurt and marketing them. The successful application of technology through community service can increase the income and welfare of these two groups.

Synthesis, Characterization, and Antibacterial Activity of Plant-Derived Zinc Oxide Nanostructure Using <i>Lavandula angustifolia</i> and <i>Phyllanthus niruri</i> Extracts

In recent years, green synthesized nanomaterials have garnered wide interest due to its inherent features like rapidity, cost-effectiveness, and environmentally friendly technique. The green synthesis of Zinc oxide nanostructures (n-ZnO) using two kinds of plant extract, lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) and meniran (Phyllanthus niruri), were discussed and their antibacterial activities were compared. Characterization by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and field emission-scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (FE-SEM/EDS) were used to confirm the successful formation of n-ZnO using both plant extracts. The antibacterial activity of the n-ZnO synthesized from two different plant extracts was tested against Klebsiella pneumoniae and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The results show that both n-ZnO has antibacterial activity against MRSA. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values for n-ZnO synthesized from meniran extract were 78 and 156 mg/mL, respectively, while MIC and MBC values for n-ZnO synthesized from lavender extract were 156 and 312 mg/mL, respectively. These results confirm that the n-ZnO prepared from meniran extract is more effective in inhibiting MRSA than the n-ZnO prepared from lavender extract. This study proves that plant-based n-ZnO has anti-microbial activities and may serve as antimicrobial therapeutics.

Phyllanthus niruni (Meniran) Aqueous and Ethanol Extracts Promotes Adipogenic Differentiation in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes

Abstract Consumers determine intramuscular fat as one of the important factors for the quality and palatability of beef meat. In a recent study, Phyllanthus niruri (meniran) has practical uses for feed additives and was screened for their ability to improve preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation. This study evaluates the effect of meniran aqueous and ethanol extracts on promoting adipogenic differentiation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and were investigated via CCK-8 assay, Oil red O-Staining, and RT-PCR analysis. For differentiation to adipocytes, post-confluent 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were stimulated DMEM containing 10% FBS, 5 μg/ml insulin, 0.5mM 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, and 1 μM dexamethasone. 3T3-L1 were cultured with meniran aqueous and ethanol extract (25, 50, 100, and 200 ppm). Intracellular lipid accumulation was significantly increased by meniran extract until 100 ppm and decreased at 200 ppm. The expressions of adipocyte differentiation on mRNA transcription factors PPARγ and C/EBPꭤ were stimulated by 25-100 ppm of meniran both aqueous and ethanol extract but lower at 200 ppm. In the future, these findings may be applied to develop feed additives from natural plant extracts which may be used to increase intramuscular fat accumulation in beef cattle through manipulation of adipocyte differentiation.

Antioxidant Activities and Potential Wound Healing Effects of Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri) Extract Gel

Highlights:1. This study analyzed the potential of Meniran extract gel for wound healing therapy, a plant-based medicine that has not been thoroughly researched in the context of promoting a healthy lifestyle.2. The analysis found that Meniran extract gel has antioxidant properties that can be used for wound treatment to improve human health. AbstractResearch on the use of medicinal plants to treat numerous diseases has been widely conducted. However, for chronic wound healing, the availability of medicinal plants for treatment remains rare. Gels containing active plant-based compounds may provide a solution. Phyllanthus niruri, known as "meniran" in Indonesian, is a medicinal plant used traditionally to cure various diseases. This study aimed to examine the antioxidant activities of Meniran extract gel, potentially for wound healing. Meniran was extracted using 70% methanol and formulated into a gel. The Meniran gel was composed of three formulations: 3%, 4%, and 5% sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-Na) supplemented with 5% Meniran extract. The quality of the gel was assessed based on homogeneity, spreadability, pH, and viscosity. This study utilized 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays to evaluate the antioxidant activity of Meniran gel at seven different concentrations through its scavenging capacities. The results were calculated to determine the median inhibitory concentration (IC50). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc Tukey's honestly significant difference (HSD) were used for statistical analysis (p < 0.05). The three Meniran gel formulations showed good quality with spreadability ranging from 5.37 to 5.59 cm, pH levels from 5.90 to 6.03, and viscosity from 9.080 to 9.230 cps. Higher gel concentrations led to an increase in the free radical DPPH- and ABTS-scavenging activities. The highest DPPH and ABTS assays were found at 1,000 μg/mL with IC50 values of 69.72 μg/mL and 20.15 μg/mL, respectively. In conclusion, Meniran gel formulas exhibit good standards and have antioxidant properties suitable for wound healing therapy.

THE AKUT TOXICITY TESTING LETHAL DOSE ORAL GREEN MENIRAN LEAF EXTRACT BY USING MICE

The use of a dose limit of green meniran leaf extract (Phylanthus niruri Linn) must be known for its safety which is supported by research results. The aims of this research to determine the acute lethal dose (LD50) toxicity and to examine the macropathological changes in the vital organs of mice. A total of 30 male mice and 30 female mice were divided into five groups and six replicates. Experimental mice in the control group (K) were given 0.9% NaCl, while those given meniran extract at doses of 50, 300, 2000 and 5000mg/KgBW were grouped as treatments. The preparation was given orally once and then the observations were made in the first 30 minutes after giving the preparation and periodically every 4 hours for the first 24 hours and once a day then the mice were observed for clinical symptoms, mortality and body weight. At the end of the study (day 14), the experimental mice were sacrificed for macropathological evaluation. giving meniran extract orally up to a dose of 5000 for 14 days did not cause death or showed toxic symptoms and normal growth. On macropathological examination of size, color and consistency, all organs were in normal condition. Green meniran leaf extract preparations > 5000 mg/kgBW are practically non-toxic and didn’t cause organ abnormalities. It is necessary to do research on toxicity, biocompatibility, effects, and potential for subchronic toxicity to changes in histopathological structure with a longer study duration, higher doses and more varied dosage ranges.

Potential of Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri Linn) Extract Nano Herbal as Immunomodulator and Phytogenic Feed Additive for Natural Growth Supporter on Spleenic Germinal Centre and Performance in Animal Model

The purpose of this study was to determine potential meniran (Phyllanthus niruri Linn) extract nano herbal as immunomodulator and phytogenic feed additive for natural growth supporter on spleenic germinal centre and performance of broiler chickens. The study started by conducting feed adaptation that was carried out when chickens aged 14 days to 21 days old by giving meniran (Phyllanthus niruri Linn) extract nano herbal to the treatment groups in stages as much as 250g, 500g to 1kg in 1 ton of feed. The treatment groups were then given meniran (Phyllanthus niruri Linn) extract nano herbal in concentrations 5% (T1), 10% (T2) and 20% (T3) through feed with a ratio of 1kg of meniran extract nano herbal: 1 ton of feed starting from chickens at 21 days to 35 days old. Histopathological examination of the spleen was carried out 5 fields of view each and observed in the form of the diameter of germinal center of spleenic white pulp with a magnification of 100X using a Nikon Eclipse microscope.Data that collected during treatment were feed consumption, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and performance index. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and Duncan's test. The results showed that meniran (Phyllanthus niruri Linn) nano herbal extract concentration of 5% resulted in the best performance. It showed higest splenic germinal centre,feed consumption, body weight, performance Indonesia and also lowest feed conversion ratio. In sum, we conclude that meniran (Phyllanthus niruri Linn) extract nano herbal as immunomodulator can increase immune system in broilers chicken

Antibacterial Activity of Green Meniran Extract (Phyllanthus niruri Linn) on The Growth of Salmonella typhimurium

Salmonella typhimuriumis a bacterium that causes digestive infections, gastroenteritis, and food poisoning, psickcaused byBacterial infection is a health problem in developing countries, including Indonesia. Green meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L.), is a herbaceous plant containing flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and tannins which have antibacterial activity which is expected to suppress the development of Salmonella sp. The aim of the study was to determine the ability of green meniran extract as an antibacterial to inhibit the growth of Salmonella typhimurium bacteria. The study used a completely randomized factorial design consisting of two factors, namely extract concentrations of 5%, 10%, 20%, 40%, 80%, equipped with a positive control (chloramphenicol) and negative control (aquades), as well as the age of the inoculum of the bacterial growth phase. Testing the antibacterial activity using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The results showed that green meniran extract had antibacterial activity against the growth of Salmonella typhimurium bacteria. Concentrations of 5%, 10%, 20%, 40%, and 80% produced inhibition zone diameters of 6.7 mm, 8.5 mm, 9.9 mm, 12 mm, and 14.6 mm, respectively. The concentration of 80% green meniran extract is effective in inhibiting the growth of Salmonella typhimurium bacteria with an antibacterial effectiveness value of 58.95%.

The Effect of Cassia Vera Additional in Physico Chemical Properties of Instant Powder Drink Meniran Extract With Stevia Sugar Sweetener

This research was aimed to know the characteristic of in addition meniran extract (Phyllanthus niruri) physico-chemical in instant drink powder and know the best quality of addition meniran. This research was used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) that consists of 5 treatments and 3 repetitions. The data were analyzed statistically by using ANOVA and followed by Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) on the level 5%. The treatment in research the addition of meniran extract by 0,2 g; 0,4 g; 0,6 g; 0,8 g; and 1,0 g. The observations to the result of instant powder of drink which produced were physical analysis such as timing soluble, insoluble water content. The chemical analysis which were observed such as water content, ash content, total sugar, total polyphenol, total antioxidant activity, and lignan compound (filantin). The microbiological analysis was total plate number and organoleptic test (color, smell, flavor and appearance). The result of this research showed that the difference the concentration of the adition of meniran extract were significantly on the analysis of ash content, total polyphenol, total antioxidant activity, total plate number, organoleptic test and it was not significant to the timing soluble, insoluble water content, water content, and total sugar. Based on organoleptic test, the best product in instant powder of drink was in the treatment C (the addition of meniran extract by 0,6 g) with a rate of 4,30 of color, 4,30 of smell, 4,50 of flavor and 4,50 of appearance. The result of physico-chemical analysis instant powder of drink of treatment C (the addition of meniran extrac by 0,6 g) the value of the analysis of timing soluble by 65,60 second, insoluble water content by 1,31%, total sugar by 20Brix, lignan content (filantin) + , and total plate numbers 1,1 x 103 cfu/ml.

EFEKTIVITAS SALEP EKSTRAK DAUN BAMBU, MENIRAN, BIJI PEPAYA SEBAGAI PENJINAK TUMOR DAN KANKER PAYUDARA

Bamboo plants are a source of flavonoids which are beneficial for the health of the body. To treat tumors and breast cancer, this study aims to make a synergistic ointment from the extracts of papaya seeds, meniran and bamboo leaves and a white vaseline base. Methods of data collection using experiments with accidental sampling method in the form of respondents who have had tumors and breast cancer. Data analysis used descriptive comparative analysis. Vaseline, papaya seed extract, meniran extract, and bamboo leaf extract form the composition of the bamboo leaf extract ointment. The bamboo leaf extraction process was carried out using a maceration strategy using 95% ethanol solvent. This cream-like ointment has a brown color, a pH of 6.5 and smells like bamboo leaf extract. The ointment has a spread of 3.5 cm and an adhesion time of 3.66 seconds. The content of flavonoids in the ointment was 0.1633% w/w QE and phenolics 0.371% w/w GAE. The content of cancer-preventing substances in salmon with 10 ppm is 10.09%. The ointment has an inhibitory effect on Gram-positive microorganisms of 9 mm, 10 mm and 11 mm. The results showed that there was a decrease in the size of breast tumors with a diameter of (3-5 cm) to (0.5-1 cm) with the treatment given 3 times a day for 124 days. Some respondents with stage IIA breast cancer experienced a reduction in pain and tender lumps with the treatment of giving ointment 3x a day for 17-37. The study concluded that an ointment containing meniran, papaya seeds, and bamboo leaf extract was effective against breast cancer and tumor tamer.

AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI KOMBINASI EKSTRAK BUAH MAHKOTA DEWA (Phaleria macrocarpa) DENGAN EKSTRAK HERBA MENIRAN HIJAU (Phyllantus niruri Linn.) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN Staphylococcus aureus

S.aureus infection was found to be around 5%-35% and cases of S.aureus resistance increased by 22.8% due to people being less compliant in treatment. One of the preventions of resistance is to return to the use of natural materials, especially plants that have been scientifically and empirically proven, one of which is Mahkota Dewa Fruit (Phaleria macrocarpa) and Green Meniran Herb (Phyllanthus niruri L.). The study was conducted using the True Experimental method using S.aureus bacteria. 3 treatment groups were used, namely positive control (Amoxicillin), negative control (DMSO), as well as Mahkota Dewa extract (Phaleria macrocarpa) and Green Meniran Extract (Phyllanthus niruri L.). Using the disc diffusion method and the dilution method to determine the magnitude of the inhibition zone, the value of MIC, and MBC. The extract of the Crown of God Fruit, The Green Meniran Herb, as well as the combination of the two extracts have successive bacterial inhibitory power with an average of 18.02 mm; 15.95 mm; and 15.09 mm against S.aureus. Testing by the dilution method obtained a KHM value of 60% (0.06g/mL) in each extract. KBM is not obtained in each extract.

Comparison of Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri Linn.) Extract and Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Ness.) Extract on Blood Profile of Animal Model Infected with Salmonella

Salmonella Pullorum is the cause of Pullorum disease. The misuse of antimicrobials has resulted in the evolution of resistant strains. Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri Linn.) and Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Ness.) contain compounds that are efficacious as antibacterial and immunomodulatory. This study aims to analyze the comparison of meniran extract and sambiloto extract on the blood profile of broiler chickens infected with Salmonella Pullorum. This study was conducted by making Meniran and Sambiloto extracts. Phytochemicals screening (alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, andrographolide, steroids and triterpenoids) of extracts, isolation and identification of Salmonella Pullorum and in vivo study were then conducted. The in vivo study was experimental research with completely randomized design that divided broiler chickens into treatment groups: P0- (chickens were not infected), P0+ (chickens were infected with Salmonella Pullorum), PAB (chickens were infected with Salmonella Pullorum and given Enrofloxacin Antibiotics) then treatment P1 Meniran, P2 Meniran, P3 Meniran (chickens were infected with Salmonella Pullorum and, in order, given meniran extract of 5%, 10% and 20% concentrations) and P1 Sambiloto, P2 Sambiloto, P3 Sambiloto (chickens were infected with Salmonella Pullorum and, in order, given sambiloto extract of 5%, 10% and 20% concentrations). Data in the form of blood profile was then analyzed statistically by ANOVA test and continued with Duncan's test. This study shows that Meniran and Sambiloto extract has immunomodulator properties that have good impact in restoring blood profile of broiler chickens infected with Salmonella Pullorum. The comparison shows that Meniran extract has better antibacterial activity on blood profile of broiler chickens infected with Salmonella Pullorum compared to Sambiloto extract.

Effect of Phylantus ninuri leaf extract on kidney and liver histopathological features in formaldehyde-exposed rats

Formaldehyde (FA) metabolism in the body reduces glutathione levels, resulting in liver and kidney damage. Phylantus ninuri (meniran) has been demontrated to have hepatoprotective properties. However, the effect of meniran administration on the histological features of the liver and kidney in in formaldehyde-exposed rats has not been adequately studied. The study was aimed to determine the effect of meniran on the histopathological feature of liver and kidney cell. This was a posttest randomized control group design. A total of 24 male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups of 6 rats each. Group 1 was a control group that received only oral formaldehyde. Group 2, Group 3, Group 4 was administered oral formaldehyde together with meniran extract at dose of 100 mg/kg BW, 200 mg/kg BW, and 300 mg /kg BW respectively for 14 days. The histopathological changes of the kidneys and liver were assesed using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. The mean of kidney and liver damage in the meniran group at various doses was lower than that of control group. There was a significant difference in the mean of kidney damage between the control group and the meniran group at various doses (p<0.05). The mean histopathological score of liver damage showed a significant difference between the control group and various treatments (p<0.05). Ethanolic extract of meniran leaves ameliorates liver and kidney damage in formaldehyde-exposed rats.

Effectiveness of Meniran Leaf Extract (Phyllanthus niruri L.) as Immunostimulant in Vannamei Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Against Vibriosis Disease

Vibrio harveyi infection was an obstacle in shrimp culture. Meanwhile, the use of antibiotics in disease control was no longer effective, so the use of immunostimulants such as meniran leaves was the safest alternative. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding different doses of meniran leaf extract (Phyllanthus niruri L.) to feed on the immune system of vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) which was challenged with Vibrio harveyi. This research was an experimental study using completely randomized design (CRD) consist of 5 treatments and 3 replications, namely, P1 (positive control): commercial feed + V. harveyi infection; P2 (negative control): commercial feed + 0.9% NaCl; P3: commercial feed + 0.5% Meniran leaf extract + V. harveyi infection; P4: commercial feed + 1% Meniran leaf extract + V. harveyi infection; and P5: commercial feed + 2% Meniran leaf extract + V. harveyi infection. The parameters observed were survival and immune response. Immune response analysis was carried out by counting hemocytes, phagocytic activation and total bacteria present in the shrimp intestines at the end of the study. The results of this study indicate that the addition of meniran leaf extract affects the immune system and the viability of vannamei shrimp. In conclusion, the addition of meniran extract to vannamei shrimp feed with a dose of 1% can improve the immune system and viability of vannamei shrimp against vibriosis.

Formulation and Characterization of Meniran (Phyllanthus Niruri Linn) Extract Nanoparticle on Antibacterial Activity Against Salmonella Pullorum

This study aims to examine the results of meniran extract (Phyllanthus niruri Linn.) on antibacterial activity. Salmonella Pullorum is capable of causing huge economic losses. The misuse of antimicrobials has resulted in the evolution of multidrug-resistant strains. Meniran has potential as an antibacterial because it contains many bioactive components such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and saponins. Nanoparticles help in the bioavailability of plant extracts. The research was conducted by making a meniran extract nanoparticles formulation with ionic glass method using chitosan and TPP sodium with a dose difference of 5%, 10% and 20%. Each dose of meniran nanoparticles then were characterized by PSA, SEM and TEM. The result on PSA showed that size range from 192.67 nm to 385.16 nm and 5% meniran extract nanoparticles have the best homogeneity and stability. EE value showed that the increase in the dose was directly proportional to the increase in the EE value. The result on SEM showed that the overall production of nanoparticle samples, it looks like they are nano-sized. The result on TEM showed small sample morphology with a good distribution. After that, the antibacterial activity test was then carried out using the MIC and MBC tests. The results showed that 5% of meniran extract nanoparticles had the best antibacterial activity against Salmonella Pullorum.

The activity of Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri Linn.) extract on Salmonella pullorum infected broilers.

Background and Aim:Pullorum is an acute and chronic disease caused by Salmonella pullorum, often infecting chicken farms. Pullorum disease treatment using antibiotics that do not follow the control dose can cause bacteria to become antibiotic-resistant. Meniran contributes to inhibiting and antagonizing bacteria and can increase the efficiency of chicken feed because of its bioactive compounds, including alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. This study aimed to determine the activity of Meniran extract (Phyllanthus niruri Linn.) in broilers infected with S. pullorum.Materials and Methods:In vitro study that was conducted includes phytochemical test, diffusion, and dilution methods using Meniran extract at 5%, 10%, 20%, and 40% concentrations and tylosin at 2% concentration. The data of the dilution method (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] and minimum bactericidal concentration [MBC]) were processed using probit analysis to determine LC50. In vivo study was conducted by randomly dividing 20 broilers into five treatment groups, four per group. The chickens (except in group P0−) were infected with S. pullorum aged 14 days. Then, the treatment was conducted according to the divided groups when the chickens were aged 21-34 days. The said treatments are P0− (uninfected S. pullorum and unadministered with Meniran extract), P0+ (infected with S. pullorum and unadministered with Meniran extract), and P1, P2, and P3 (infected with S. pullorum and administered with Meniran extract with 5%, 10%, and 20% concentrations, respectively). Data from the phytochemical test were analyzed as descriptive. The data from the diffusion method were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan’s test. Then, the results of broilers’ performance were analyzed using ANOVA and Duncan’s test.Results:The phytochemical test showed positive for alkaloid, tannin, saponin, flavonoid, and steroid/triterpenoid. The diffusion method formed the largest zone at 40% concentration with 15.6 mm, while 20%, 10%, and 5% had average of 13.15 mm, 8.38 mm, and 5.8 mm, respectively. The dilution method (MIC and MBC) exhibited the antibacterial ability of Meniran extract against S. pullorum at 20% dose and LC50 14.118% concentration. The Meniran extract administration in broilers exhibited improved performance of chickens infected with S. pullorum, with the administration of 20% dose of Meniran extract showing the best result.Conclusion:About 20% concentration Meniran extract can serve as an antibacterial agent and showed the best results in broilers infected with S. pullorum.

Isolation of bioactive compounds with tyrosinase inhibitory activity from the methanol extract of meniran herb (Phyllanthus niruri Linn.)

Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L.) is a wild plant in the Euphorbiaceae family which grows in tropical climates. The plant is known to possess antioxidant activity and is rich in phenolic compounds. Since plants with high phenolic content and high antioxidant activity are known to exhibit high tyrosinase inhibitory activity, the purpose of this study is to determine the inhibitory activity of the tyrosinase enzyme by the methanol extract of meniran (P. niruri L.) and to isolate secondary metabolites from the extract and fractions which exhibit inhibitory activity against tyrosinase. The in vitro tyrosinase inhibitory activity assay was conducted using the 96-well microplate method with kojic acid as the positive control, while the separation and purification of compounds were carried out using chromatography techniques. The methanol extract and n-hexane fraction showed tyrosinase inhibitory activity with IC50 of 11.05±0.16 and 2.57±0.08 mg/ml, respectively. Three bioactive compounds were succesfully isolated from the n-hexane fraction. Based on the UV and NMR spectra, compounds 1, 2, and 3 were identified as phyllanthin, phyltetralin, and hypophyllanthin, respectively. Furthermore, phyllanthin (1) was shown to demonstrate inhibitory activity against tyrosinase with IC50 of 0.6322 mM. In conclusion, both meniran extract and phyllanthin (1) were found to exhibit inhibitory acitivity against the tyrosinase enzyme. In the future they can be candidates for the treatment against hyperpigmentation and also as an active ingredient in skincare formulations.

Antioxidant Activities of Soursop Leaves and Meniran Plant Extracts Combination

Antioxidants can prevent free radicals which from the metabolism of the body, air pollution and contamination of food. Soursop leaves has a good potential as an antioxidant because it contains alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids and saponins. Meniran has a good potential as an antioxidant because it contains alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids and steroids. The combination of soursop leaves extract and meniran extract can provide very strong antioxidant activity than its singular forms. The aim of this study is to determine the antioxidant activity of the combination of soursop leaves extract and meniran extract compared to the singular forms. This research was done at the BPTO Tawangmangu Central Java, Indonesian and Chemical Laboratory, STIKES Nasional from October to December 2016. This type of research was experimental with quota sampling technique. The results showed that IC50 value of singular forms of soursop leaves extract was 116,5376 ppm. IC50 value of singular forms of meniran extract was 30,6893 ppm. IC50 value of combination forms of soursop leaves extract and meniran extract with ratio of 1:1 was 41,4710 ppm. IC50 value of combination forms of soursop leaves extract and meniran extract with ratio of 1:2 was 23,8590 ppm. IC50 value of combination forms of soursop leaves extract and meniran extract with ratio of 2:1 was 56,5174 ppm. The combination of soursop leaves extract and meniran extract had very strong antioxidant activity compared to its singular forms. The combination soursop leaves extract and meniran with ratio of 1:2 had the strongest antioxidant activity.

The effect of meniran extract (Phyllanthus niruri L.) addition on viscosity, foam overrun, foam stability and foam’s microscopic of nano whey protein isolate

Meniran is an Indonesian herbal plant which has health benefits due to its bioactive compounds. It can be applied to food product, whey protein isolate, were easily absorbed for body. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of meniran extract addition to nano whey protein isolate on viscosity, foam overrun, foam stability and foam’s microscopic. Data collection method was laboratory experiment with 4 treatments of different meniran extract addition levels which consisted of P0 (without meniran extract), P1 (30 ug/mL), P2 (60 ug/mL) and P3 (90 ug/mL) which repeated 3 replications respectively. Experiment was designed by Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The data was analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), if there were significantly differences, it would be continued by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that meniran extract addition to nano whey protein isolate gave significant effect (P<0.05) on viscosity. However, there was no effect on foam overrun and stability. It is concluded that the addition of meniran extract P3 (90 ug/mL) to nano whey protein isolate resulted in viscosity and foam’s microscopic (stable, uniform and thick).

In-vitro anti-bacterial effectiveness test of 2% chlorhexidine digluconate and ethanol extract of green meniran leaves (Phyllanthus niruri Linn) on the growth of Enterococcus faecalis bacterial colony

Background: Necrotic teeth with periapical lesions often experience root canal treatment failure. Enterococcus faecalis bacteria cause 85-90% of root canal infections. 2% Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) can eliminate Enterococcus faecalis bacteria but cannot dissolve necrotic tissue, while green meniran phytochemical compounds (Phyllantus niruri Linn) have anti-bacterial properties. This study aims to determine the effectiveness, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) between green meniran leaf extract with 2% chlorhexidine digluconate and meniran extract only against the growth of Enterococcus faecalis.Method: This is an in vitro experimental study with a broth microdilution method consisting of two treatment groups. The negative control contained BHIB media and 0.05 ml of bacteria; the positive control had 0.05 ml of bacteria with 2% chlorhexidine digluconate, the group one consisted of BHIB media, bacteria and various concentrations of meniran extract. In contrast, group two consisted of BHIB media, bacteria, various concentrations of green meniran with 2% chlorhexidine digluconate. Data were analyzed using the One Way Anova test with LSD test.Results: Compared with negative control, in group one, we found the MIC of meniran extract was 3.125% with 94% anti-bacterial power, and the MBC was 6.25% with no bacterial growth. In group 2, we found the MIC of meniran extract and the 2% chlorhexidine digluconate was 0.78% with 9.3% anti-bacterial power, while the MBC was 1.56%.Conclusion: The increasing concentration of meniran extract also increases the anti-bacterial effect. A combination of meniran extract and 2% chlorhexidine digluconate give better anti-bacterial effects than meniran extract only.