Memory For Events Research Articles

Listeners’ effects on autobiographical memory for recent events

ABSTRACT The current study tested the effects of attentive versus distracted listening on both speakers and listeners in recall of an autobiographical memory. Participants included 128 pairs of friends who spoke with each other over a video call about recent negative experience that one of them had. Participants were randomly assigned to be speakers or listeners, and listeners were randomly assigned to an attentive and a distracted condition. Memory narratives were coded for factual and interpretive content. Participants returned approximately 4 weeks later, when both speaker and listener separately reported their memories of the prior conversation. Attentive listening was linked both to greater recall by the speaker at time 1 and greater listener recall at time 2, but not to speaker’s recall at time 2. Results show the effects of listener contributions to recall in the moment but raise questions as to whether they persist beyond the conversation in many scenarios.

The impact of COVID-19 trauma on healthcare workers: Examining the relationship between stress and growth through the lens of memory.

The COVID-19 pandemic constituted tremendous traumatic stress among the frontline healthcare workers. In the present study, we investigated relationships of two types of rumination, namely brooding and reflection, with traumatic stress and post-traumatic growth and the mediating role of recollective experience in these relationships. A total of 88 healthcare workers (75% female, Mage=54.91) actively providing service to COVID-19 patients reported two memories of events that impacted them the most at the first peak of the pandemic and rated their recollective experience (i.e., phenomenological characteristics of memories). We used structural equation modelling to test whether recollective experience mediated the link of brooding and reflection with post-trauma reactions of stress and growth. The findings showed that brooding and reflection were associated with higher levels of traumatic stress and post-traumatic growth. Importantly, recollective experience mediated the relationship of rumination with traumatic stress but this differed for the type of rumination. Higher brooding was associated with greater traumatic stress and that relationship was independent of how well the memories were recollected, while for reflection, high reflection was associated with stronger recollective experience, which predicted higher traumatic stress and post-traumatic growth. The present study shows the functional dimensions of reflective rumination and presents novel findings that demonstrates the discrete mnemonic mechanisms underlying the association between brooding, reflection, and post-trauma reactions.

Climate Change Impacts on Grassland Vigour in Northern Portugal

Grasslands are key elements of the global agricultural system, covering around two-thirds of all agricultural areas and playing an important role in biodiversity conservation, food security, and balancing the carbon cycle. Climate change is a growing challenge for the agricultural sector and may threaten grasslands. To address these challenges, it is vital to conduct in-depth climate studies to understand the vulnerability of grasslands. In this study, machine learning was used to build an advanced model able to evaluate the future impact of climate change on grassland vigour. The objective was to identify the most vulnerable grassland areas, analyse the interaction between climate and grassland performance, and outline management strategies against the detrimental implications of climate change. A Random Forest (RF) regression was used to model the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) using the Standardised Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). The model explained 76% of the NDVI variability. The foremost significant predictors of grassland vigour are the SPEI with temporal lags of 1, 4, and 12 months. These findings suggest that the vegetative status of grasslands exhibits high sensitivity to short-term drought while also being influenced by the memory of past climatic events over longer periods. Future projections indicate an overall reduction in grassland vigour, mostly in RCP8.5. The results indicate that negative effects will be more pronounced in mountainous regions, which currently host the most vigorous grasslands. Dry lowlands in the north should continue to have the lowest vigour in the future. A substantial reduction in vigour is expected in autumn, with an effect on grassland phenology. The development of grasslands in winter, favoured by increasing temperatures and precipitation, can advance the harvesting of grassland (cutting) and the grazing of livestock. To ensure that vigour is maintained in less favourable zones, adaptation measures will be needed, as well as more efficient management of highlands to provide an adequate level of production.

Effect of a Depression Levels using the DEMATEL Method

Depression can range from mild, moderate, temporary sad episodes to persistent, severe depression. Major depression, also referred to as major depressive disorder, is a more severe kind of depressive disorder called clinical depression. Depression, psychosis, and perinatal or postnatal depression are examples of major depressive disorder types. You could have a light, moderate, or severe sadness diagnosis. If you have any of the following symptoms, your mental health expert may determine that you are depressed: most of the time. In 82 sad patients, reduced hippocampal brain activity was seen according to an fMRI study. Patients who experience negative emotion or depression may have worse cognitive processing due to decreased grey matter and lower functional activity in the hippocampus. In the DSM-IV, severe mental illness (psychotic depression) involves depression, atypical characteristics, decreolization, periodic pattern (seasonal affective disorder), especially postpartum onset. Psychotic depression can occur alone or with psychosis. "At its most basic level, it's what some people have referred to as 'the blues' - the sensation of being unfulfilled in life." When less severe depressive symptoms remain for at least two years, a condition known as chronic depressive disorder, or mild depression, may apply to low-grade depression. A mild but persistent form of depression is called dysthymia. Persistent depression disorder is another name for it. Major depression is occasionally a symptom of this illness. It can be an early sign of depression One of the above clinical conditions (Wilson and many others. Individuals with Alzheimer's disease see a steady decrease in their ability to handle stress. Gartner (1997) put up an intermediary theory for employing individualized music to calm the crowd that takes these components into account. According to the notion, music stimulates the memory of previous events and reveals the prospect of memories connected to pleasant emotions. a calming impact that lessens or calms frantic actions. Failure to mention a depressed mood to one's doctor is relatively typical among Chinese people (Lai & Good 2005; Yeung et al. 2004). Chinese people with depression's views on their health A person with clinically severe depression exhibits a variety of symptoms that affect their performance, including chronic melancholy, a low mood, or a loss of interest in previously enjoyed activities, according to one study that concentrated on their physical symptoms. Yet, a person with clinically severe depression also exhibits a number of additional depressive symptoms that impair their ability to go about their daily lives, such as chronic sorrow, a low mood, or a lack of enthusiasm for tasks they once found enjoyable. DEMATEL (Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory) They are divided into analysis using the Nonmetal mineral product industry, General equipment manufacturing, Mining and washing of coal, Textile industry, Food manufacturing industry It is the interaction between the factors Visualized and assesses dependent relationships Through the structural model Also deals with identifying important. Depression Levels,Anxiety Levels, Stress Levels, Major depression and Antenatal and postnatal depression. Depression Levels in Depression Levels is got the first rank whereas is the Stress Levels is having the Lowest rank. Depression Levels in Depression Levels is got the first rank whereas is the Stress Levels is having the Lowest rank.

The role of bodily self-consciousness in episodic memory of naturalistic events: an immersive virtual reality study

Recent studies suggest that the human body plays a critical role in episodic memory. Still, the precise relationship between bodily self-consciousness (BSC) and memory formation of specific events, especially in real-life contexts, remains a topic of ongoing research. The present study investigated the relationship between BSC and episodic memory (EM) using immersive virtual reality (VR) technology. Participants were immersed in an urban environment with naturalistic events, while their visuomotor feedback was manipulated in three within-subjects conditions: Synchronous, Asynchronous, and No-body. Our results show that asynchronous visuomotor feedback and not seeing one’s body, compared to synchronous feedback, decrease the sense of self-identification, self-location and agency, and sense of presence. Moreover, navigating in the Asynchronous condition had a detrimental impact on incidental event memory, perceptual details, contextual association, subjective sense of remembering, and memory consolidation. In contrast, participants in the No-Body condition were only impaired in egocentric spatial memory and the sense of remembering at ten-day delay. We discuss these findings in relation to the role of bodily self-representation in space during event memory encoding. This study sheds light on the complex interplay between BSC, sense of presence, and episodic memory processes, and strengthens the potential of embodiment and VR technology in studying and enhancing human cognition.

Public Memory, Affect, and the Battle of Culloden: The Creation of Shared Emotional Memory through Two Exhibits at the Culloden Visitor Centre

This essay applies Wood’s process model of emotional memory synchronization to better understand how public memory of the Battle of Culloden, an integral event in Scottish history, is created through two exhibits at the Culloden Visitor Centre. These exhibits create a shared experience by engaging audiences through immersive exhibits that utilize sensory elements. This use of immersive, sensory-laden, and emotion-provoking exhibits may be useful in the creation of public memory of historical events that did not happen within living memory.

Perceived similarity explains beliefs about possibility.

No one has ever performed a successful brain transplant or traveled the Milky Way, but people often see these events as within the realm of possibility. Across six preregistered experiments (N = 1,472) we explore whether American adults' beliefs about possibility are driven by perceptions of similarity to known events. We find that people's confidence in the possibility of hypothetical future events is strongly predicted by how similar they think the events are to events that have already happened. We find that perceived similarity explains possibility ratings better than how desirable people think the events are, or how morally good or bad they think it would be to accomplish them. We also show that similarity to past events is a better predictor of people's beliefs about future possibilities than counterfactual similarity or similarity to events in fiction. We find mixed evidence regarding whether prompting participants to consider similarity shifts their beliefs about possibility. Our findings suggest that people may reflexively use memories of known events to guide their inferences about what is possible. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

A Unified Parallel CORDIC-Based Hardware Architecture for LSTM Network Acceleration

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have recently become the standard tool for solving various practical problems in a wide range of applications with state-of-the-art performance. Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) such as Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) are a subset of DNNs with fully connected single or multi-layer networks. The complex neurons and internal states of LSTM networks enable them to build a memory of events, making them ideal for time series applications. Despite the great potential of LSTM networks, their heterogeneous operations and computational resource requirements create a vast gap when it comes to the fast processing time required in real-time applications using low-power, low-cost edge devices. This work proposes a novel hardware architecture that combines serial-parallel computation with matrix algebra concepts and efficient low-power computer arithmetics for LSTM network acceleration. The hardware is based on a systolic ring of outer-product-based processing elements (PEs) and a reusable single activation function block (AFB). PEs and AFB are implemented using the coordinate rotation digital computer algorithm (CORDIC) in the linear and hyperbolic modes. Unlike most approaches, the proposed hardware can be configured to perform recurrent and non-recurrent fully connected layers (FC) computations, making it suitable for various low-power edge applications. The architecture is validated on the Xilinx PYNQ-Z1 development board using an open-source time series dataset. The implemented design achieves <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$114 \mu s$</tex-math></inline-formula> average latency and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.8GOPS$</tex-math></inline-formula> throughput. The proposed design's low latency and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.438W$</tex-math></inline-formula> power consumption makes it suitable for resource-constrained edge platforms.

Framing the present through the past: Ukrainian diaspora in France, Holodomor memory and the 2014 critical juncture

ABSTRACTThis article focuses on a rarely addressed aspect of the link between diaspora and memory construction: the use of historical analogies, i.e. the way in which the memory of a past event (the 1933 famine in Ukraine, known as the Holodomor) is used by diasporic entrepreneurs to frame current violent events (the Russian–Ukrainian conflict). Based on fieldwork conducted among the Ukrainian diaspora in France, I show that the critical juncture of 2014 was a key moment in the reinterpretation of the present through the past (and vice versa), and identify three core-framing mechanisms that construct the historical analogy: parallelism, causality and implication. This framing activity contributed to the reconstruction of the imagined Ukrainian community and its radical separation from the Russian one. More generally, the article highlights the need to understand memory and nation-building as transnational processes that are not necessarily tied to the personal histories of diasporic entrepreneurs.

Odkrywanie żydowskiej tożsamości w powojennej Austrii na przykładzie filmu Śpiące psy Hanny Andreasa Grubera

REDISCOVERING JEWISH IDENTITY OF POST-WAR AUSTRIA IN ANDREAS GRUBER’S HANNA’S SLEEPING DOGS&#x0D; The trauma of the Holocaust, despite being dismissed for many years, has profoundly shaped the identity of successive generations of Jews. The main character of the film Hanna’s Sleeping Dogs (Hannas schlafende Hunde, 2016, Andreas Gruber) inherits the trauma of the tragic events of World War II, even though she initially remains unaware of her Jewish heritage. Upon discovering the family secret, the nine-year-old Johanna embarks on a journey to unravel her true identity. This task proves challenging in Austria, where anti-Semitism still prevailed in the 1960s, and “the myth of Hitler’s first victim” dominated the public discourse. The article aims to identify the stylistic devices employed in depicting the struggle between memory and (post)memory of tragic events. It also focuses on how Gruber narrates the story of trauma passed down from generation to generation and examines the representation of Jewish figures in his films. In addition, the film is analyzed within a sociocultural context to highlight its relevance to public discussions about Jewish identity in post-war Austria.

Holocaust Denial as Memory Criminal Law Seen Through the Nordic Lenses

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Dealing with historical matters by means of law has become increasingly common. The matters, such as the Holocaust, that have merited the attention of legislatures are, however, exceptional. The painful memory of the horrible events has required a profound rethinking of the basic premises of political and legal life in Europe.&#x0D; When criminal law is being used to protect the memory of those facts and of the victims of the offences, we enter a level of highly symbolical legislation. In Continental Europe, the discussions concerning criminalisation of Holocaust denial emerged in the 1970’s, and in the 1990’s criminalising was already in full swing.&#x0D; The Nordic countries have been slow in joining such developments. In this paper we will try to bring the Nordic countries on this map by introducing some of these discussions to the Nordic scholarly audience, but also by reporting to the international scholarly community about some Nordic and particularly Finnish aspects of those subject issues. It is time for Nordic criminal law scholars to join these debates and to bring in viewpoints on the basis of Nordic criminal law and theorising. This article aims at contributing to such a discussion.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

The influence of electroconvulsive therapy on reconsolidation of autobiographical memories: A retrospective quasi-experimental study in patients with depression

Background/ObjectiveElectroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is effective for treatment-resistant and psychotic depression. One previously reported side effect of ECT is the disruption of memory reconsolidation. This study examines whether this disruption induced by ECT can be detected in routine neuropsychological assessments. MethodsIn this retrospective study, the Autobiographical Memory Interview (AMI) was applied before and after ECT. Memories of the same events and facts were tested pre and post ECT treatments. 38 patients, receiving ECT for the treatment of unipolar or bipolar depression, were matched for age, sex, and stimulus intensity and divided into two groups: Group A was tested on the day before the first ECT treatment, whereas group B two or more days before. ResultsPatients who were tested by AMI on the day before ECT and thus reactivated memorie shortly before the first ECT treatment deteriorated in AMI score. Patients who had at least two days between memory activation and treatment improved regarding the number of recalled memories. Memory impairment was not associated with depression severity. ConclusionThis finding suggests that ECT might be capable of impairing reconsolidation. The study demonstrates that memories of personal events can potentially be affected by ECT within a time interval of 24 h of memory vulnerability after reactivation. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.

Theta EEG neurofeedback promotes early consolidation of real life-like episodic memory.

Theta oscillations are believed to coordinate neuronal activity related to human cognition, especially for memory functions. Theta power during learning and retrieval has been found to correlate with memory performance success. Additionally, up-regulating theta oscillations during a post-encoding epoch crucial for memory consolidation was previously shown to benefit long-term memory for acquired motor sequences, pictures, and object-location associations. However, it remains to be determined whether such effects would be found for more ecological aspects of long-term episodic memory. Therefore, the current study assessed neurofeedback-based theta upregulation effects on movie memory. After viewing a 15-minute silent, narrative movie, participants engaged in neurofeedback-based theta/beta up-regulation, neurofeedback beta/theta up-regulation as an active control condition, or an unrelated passive control task. Memory was tested three times: once immediately after watching the movie (as baseline); 24 hours thereafter; and once again 1 week later. Memory performance 1 week after encoding was significantly enhanced in the theta/beta up-regulation group compared with the other groups. Additionally, changes in neurofeedback theta/beta ratio from baseline EEG recordings correlated with long-term memory gains in retrieving the movie's content. These findings highlight the relationship between post-learning theta oscillations and the consolidation of episodic memory for a naturalistic event.

The politicisation of historical memory on Twitter: “Positive antisemitism” in the Holocaust debate in Poland

ABSTRACT Political controversies concerning the memory of historical events have adapted to the digital specificity of Twitter and are currently growing in significance. This study investigates the sentiment bias of a memory war between two major Polish political parties, the currently ruling conservative Law and Justice (PiS) party and Civic Platform (PO), the main opposition party, concerning Polish-Jewish relations, and especially the Holocaust. Totally, 23699 PO Tweets and 29,441 PiS Tweets from 2015 to 2019 were collected, out of which, 241 concerning memory war were sampled with a lexicon-based approach. Sentiment was analysed using tweet-based consensual coding with an ordinal five-point scale and automated word-based coding with a three-point scale. PiS tweets had more positive sentiment regarding the memory of the Holocaust and Jewish legacy in Poland. The final hermeneutical analysis showed that the rulling party narratives were aimed appropriation of collective memory and “Polonizing” the Holocaust, and that the positive sentiment was a function of ‘positive anti-Semitism’.

Somnath Mandir in a play of mirrors: heritage, history, and the search for identity of the new nation (1842–1951)

AbstractThe story of the Somnath temple, in the northwestern Saurashtra peninsula, has often been taken as an example of the contentious legacies of the penetration, settlement, and political establishment of Muslims in India. Its history testifies to the complex relationship between history, heritage, and the consolidation of collective memories of past events and processes.This article focuses on two key moments in the temple's recent history: the retrieval of the Somnath gates by Lord Ellenborough in 1842 and the reconstruction of the temple between 1947 and 1951. At these two moments—one during colonial times and the other at the creation of the independent state—Somnath became the battlefield for questioning how the state should be positioned with regard to religious places, histories, symbols, and practices.While the temple was apparently dealt with as a tangible place of heritage, both episodes show how the value endowed upon the temple had far more complex meanings. The analysis proposed in this article ends with the reconstruction of the temple. This shows the way in which architects of independent India addressed the country's history, directly or indirectly engaging with the construction of a heritage for the new state. Their efforts aimed to strengthen a shared memory of the past, which could in turn consolidate membership and a sense of belonging to the new nation. Advocates and promoters of the temple's reconstruction, among whom were Vallabhbhai Patel and K. M. Munshi, envisioned that the reconstruction would embody the long-awaited liberation of India from centuries of continuous domination by ‘foreign’ powers. In contrast, secular politicians, with Nehru at the helm, opposed the reconstruction, fearing that Somnath might become the symbol of a sectarian vision of the nation and, in the wake of partition, derail efforts to characterise independent India as an inclusive country. While the reconstruction did eventually take place, the entire episode invites us to question the relationship between the framing of Indian nationalism and the heritagisation of Indian history. Following a critical theoretical approach to Heritage studies, where heritage has less to do with the item that is preserved than with the value with which it is endowed, this article proposes to investigate the meanings that heritage preservation, conservation, and reconstruction acquired as part of the project of nation- and state-building.

The evolutionary origins ofthe Global Neuronal Workspace invertebrates.

The Global Neuronal Workspace theory of consciousness offers an explicit functional architecture that relates consciousness to cognitive abilities such as perception, attention, memory, and evaluation. We show that the functional architecture of the Global Neuronal Workspace, which is based mainly on human studies, corresponds to the cognitive-affective architecture proposed by the Unlimited Associative Learning theory that describes minimal consciousness. However, we suggest that when applied to basal vertebrates, both models require important modifications to accommodate what has been learned about the evolution of the vertebrate brain. Most importantly, comparative studies suggest that in basal vertebrates, the Global Neuronal Workspace is instantiated by the event memory system found in the hippocampal homolog. This proposal has testable predictions and implications for understanding hippocampal and cortical functions, the evolutionary relations between memory and consciousness, and the evolution of unified perception.

Toward an integrative account of internal and external determinants of event segmentation.

Our daily experiences unfold continuously, but we remember them as a series of discrete events through a process called event segmentation. Prominent theories of event segmentation suggest that event boundaries in memory are triggered by significant shifts in the external environment, such as a change in one's physical surroundings. In this review, we argue for a fundamental extension of this research field to also encompass internal state changes as playing a key role in structuring event memory. Accordingly, we propose an expanded taxonomy of event boundary-triggering processes, and review behavioral and neuroscience research on internal state changes in three core domains: affective states, goal states, and motivational states. Finally, we evaluate how well current theoretical frameworks can accommodate the unique and interactive contributions of internal states to event memory. We conclude that a theoretical perspective on event memory that integrates both external environment and internal state changes allows for a more complete understanding of how the brain structures experiences, with important implications for future research in cognitive and clinical neuroscience.

STAVROPOL MEMORIAL BY VUTKE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE HISTORICAL MEMORY CONCEPT

The 20th century showed the inconsistency of ideas about the predictability of historical processes, as a result of which the idea of the essence of humanitarian knowledge was subjected to rethinking. Consequently, some researchers come to the idea that the aim of historical science is to preserve historical memory. However, it is not the memory of past events; we are talking about a new type of memory. In this interpretation, memory has its own value as an object, and not just as a way of storing a large amount of knowledge about the past. The new methodology, which developed during the 20th century, allows us to look at many monuments of monumental art from a different point of view, as well as explain the fate of the Stavropol memorial, erected by O. Vutke in 1922–1923 and demolished in 1936.

Music cues impact the emotionality but not richness of episodic memory retrieval

ABSTRACT Previous studies have found that music evokes more vivid and emotional memories of autobiographical events than various other retrieval cues. However, it is possible such findings can be explained by pre-existing differences between disparate events that are retrieved in response to each cue type. To test whether music exhibits differential effects to other cues even when memory encoding is controlled, we compared music and environmental sounds as cues for memories of the same set of dynamic visual scenes. Following incidental encoding of 14 scenes (7 with music, 7 with sounds), the music and sounds were presented to participants (N = 56), who were asked to describe the scenes associated with these cues, and rate various memory properties. Music elicited fewer correct memories and more effortful retrieval than sound cues, and no difference was found in memory detail/vividness between cue types. However, music-evoked memories were rated as more positive and less arousing. These findings provide important critical insights that only partially support the common notion that music differs from other cue types in its effects on episodic memory retrieval.

Effects of Aging on Successful Object Encoding: Enhanced Semantic Representations Compensate for Impaired Visual Representations.

Although episodic memory and visual processing decline substantially with healthy aging, semantic knowledge is generally spared. There is evidence that older adults' spared semantic knowledge can support episodic memory. Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) combined with representational similarity analyses (RSAs) to examine how novel visual and preexisting semantic representations at encoding predict subjective memory vividness at retrieval. Eighteen young and seventeen older adults (female and male participants) encoded images of objects during fMRI scanning and recalled these images while rating the vividness of their memories. After scanning, participants discriminated between studied images and similar lures. RSA based on a deep convolutional neural network and normative concept feature data were used to link patterns of neural activity during encoding to visual and semantic representations. Relative to young adults, the specificity of activation patterns for visual features was reduced in older adults, consistent with dedifferentiation. However, the specificity of activation patterns for semantic features was enhanced in older adults, consistent with hyperdifferentiation. Despite dedifferentiation, visual representations in early visual cortex (EVC) predicted high memory vividness in both age groups. In contrast, semantic representations in lingual gyrus (LG) and fusiform gyrus (FG) were associated with high memory vividness only in the older adults. Intriguingly, data suggests that older adults with lower specificity of visual representations in combination with higher specificity of semantic representations tended to rate their memories as more vivid. Our findings suggest that memory vividness in aging relies more on semantic representations over anterior regions, potentially compensating for age-related dedifferentiation of visual information in posterior regions.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Normal aging is associated with impaired memory for events while semantic knowledge might even improve. We investigated the effects of aging on the specificity of visual and semantic information in the brain when viewing common objects and how this information enables subsequent memory vividness for these objects. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) combined with modeling of the stimuli we found that visual information was represented with less specificity in older than young adults while still supporting memory vividness. In contrast semantic information supported memory vividness only in older adults and especially in those individuals that had the lowest specificity of visual information. These findings provide evidence for a spared semantic memory system increasingly recruited to compensate for degraded visual representations in older age.