Concept Of Memory Research Articles

Memory in the digital age.

This article explores the configuration of collective memory under the impact of the digital turn. In recent debates, there has been a marked tendency to interpret 'digital memory' as a new type of memory, which is radically different from the traditional conceptualization. Even leading authors in the field claim that the digital revolution implies the end of collective memory. However, I argue that despite the transformations that memory undergoes in the digital age, these changes do not imply a new ontology of memory but rather a materialization of the theoretical claims made by Memory Studies since the field's inception. To support this hypothesis, I analyze digital memory in relation to three topics: first, I focus on the problematic definition of collective memory to demonstrate how the digital realm allows us to rethink the social nature of memory through a different concept of the social. By contrasting Halbwachs' notion of the social, which forms the basis of memory studies, with the alternative proposal of Gabriel Tarde, I argue that the latter enables us to refine the concept of the 'collective' that we have inherited from the founding figure of memory studies. Second, I delve into the new ontology of the digital archive showing how it materializes one of the defining features of collective memory: its mobile, dynamic, and procedural nature. Lastly, I address the inversion of the dialectic between memory and forgetting to highlight the specificity of these practices in the digital environment. I demonstrate how these changes effectively implement, surpassing older technologies, the concept of collective memory as a distributed and dynamic technological process that shapes our shared representations of the past.

The philosophy of collective memory in the novel “The Buried Giant” by Kazuo Ishiguro

Memory is a major theme running through Kazuo Ishiguro's works, one of which is The Buried Giant. This study aims to analyze the concept of collective memory in Kazuo Ishiguro's novel The Buried Giant through hermeneutic interpretation and sociological analysis. The results show that this novel links collective memory with individual experience and generational identity whilst making aging a central element in the exploration of time and history. In the novel, collective memory is seen through the prism of aging. The aging characters serve as a metonymy to convey the image of memory. They find themselves in circumstances broadcasting a horrific story of decline and marginalization of the nation because they cannot access the past and move into the future. They revisit the story of their lives, but even though they can recount their losses, they do not seem to be critical of their past choices or their responsibilities in the global conflicts they lived through. In The Buried Giant, the aging characters are the ones who come to terms with their individual and collective histories to face their remaining years. This is not an idealized vision of wisdom; rather, it is an acceptance of complicity and guilt. The results can be applied in literary, sociological, and historical studies concerning the collective memory of different historical periods. They are of practical value as they contribute to the study of collective memory in literary theory. Research on collective memory in literature sheds light on the ways historical events and shared experiences impact human behavior, beliefs, and decision-making processes.

Anchoring the Past in Virginia Woolf’s To the Lighthouse

As a modernist writer, Virginia Woolf was influenced by Marcel Proust in terms of structuring her writing around the concept of time and memories. Unlike Proust, who questions the validity and fluidity of past remembrances and tries to make a confession by writing his memories, Woolf tries to find a balance between the past and present through the use of memories. In her article A Sketch of the Past, she mentions that writing about the past helped her face and settle accounts with it. She calls small remembrances of the past when she could realize herself as “moments of being” and they help her anchor and stabilize her past with the present. In her writing, places like a clock tower or a lighthouse turn into sites of memory where she could see the looming presence of the past over the present and navigate around it to form the present. As sites of memory, these colossal structures let her navigate through the nebulous presence of time where exterior events lose their hegemony and help her to understand herself her location in space and time. To the Lighthouse is an important source for understanding Woolf’s concept of memory. In this novel, she fuses the past and the present; the objects and people in order to find a harmonious balance of life. This paper aims to investigate the impact of sites of memory and the relationship of the past and the present on the formation of identities of individuals in To the Lighthouse.

Hypoplastic model with an inner memory surface for sand under cyclic loading

We propose a hypoplastic model for granular soil using the memory surface notion to consider the stress history. This paper aims to resolve the limitations of the hypoplastic model that are rooted in the neglected memory impacts. First, we make use of the intergranular strain concept in conjunction with a reference hypoplastic model to present a simple model accounting for cyclic loading. Further, by integrating the memory concept into the hypoplastic model using intergranular strain, we present a new hypoplastic model that can recall the strain and stress history. The memory surface is derived from the constitutive model employing a definition of dissipation energy. The loading criterion based on the dissipation surface improves the model’s performance in predicting cyclic loading. Finally, the performance of our models is compared based on laboratory tests.

The Prose of Otherness and Humanity: Representing Partition Violence in Sahni’s “The Train Has Reached Amritsar” and Manto’s “Mozel”

Representation of partition violence of 1947 in the South Asian context has gained a renewed interest of scholars in line of trauma theory in the recent years. As such, partition fiction has contributed to resolving the trauma of the communal cataclysm by capturing the specificity of violence as the fragments of memory. However, writers use different strategies and prose styles to depict the violence. This paper aims to examine the depiction of cultural trauma and the prose of othering in “The Train Has Reached Amritsar” by Bhisam Sahni and, contrastingly, the prose of humanity in “Mozel” by Saadat Ḥasan Manto. It analyzes the stories in light of the cultural trauma theory of Jeffrey C. Alexander and Ron Eyerman, Avishai Margalit’s concept of memory and Gynendra Pandey’s new historiography of revisionist mode. To interpret the texts, the study uses the method of textual analysis. It also brings in the critics’ evaluation of the texts where necessary. The findings of the study emphasize that Sahani’s prose attempts to resolve the problem of trauma by appealing to identity politics grounded on ethical memory and Manto’s narrative, in contrast, employs a formal technique of metairony to evoke the readers’ moral sense and humanity at large.

Arguments for a theoretical realignment in the assessment and remediation of memory in clinical neuropsychology: Contribution of functionalism

The conception of memory as structurally and functionally different multiple systems is largely dominant in clinical neuropsychology at least in France. In addition to the focus on the structure of memory or its components, we suggest that it would be clinically more relevant for psychologists to also consider in conjunction a functional and processes-based approach to memory. Despite longstanding disagreement in the literature between these approaches, we encourage psychologists to perceive each memory conception as proposing different levels of explanation and therefore focusing on complementary questions; how is the patient's memory: efficient or impaired, relying more on a structural analysis or why it works this way, based on process identification. The present article proposes a reflection in favor of a theoretical realignment in the assessment and remediation of memory in clinical neuropsychology. It suggest that the structural and functional approaches to memory can coexist in parallel in clinical neuropsychology, advocating the freedom of the clinician to rely on one or the other approach depending on the level of explanation sought, the question asked or the therapeutic goals.

Deep learning based concrete compressive strength prediction model with hybrid meta-heuristic approach

In concrete design, the compressive strength of the concrete is the critical parameter that defines the quality of concrete. Determination of the compressive strength of concrete by laboratory testing is the conventional way, however, with the help of advancements in technology, the development of an exact predicting technique for the compressive strength of concrete will reduce time as well as cost to a greater extent. There are various types of concrete, as concrete is the most used material and has wide applications in the construction sector and hence huge article is being done to increase the performance of concrete. In this paper, the compressive strength of High-Performance Concrete and Fiber Reinforced High Strength Self-Compacting Concrete is predicted by next three main stages, namely (a) pre-processing, (b) feature extraction, and (c) prediction of concrete compressive strength. Initially, in the data pre-processing phase, duplicate data samples are removed. Subsequently, various features like statistical features, symmetrical uncertainty-based features, higher order statistical features, ReliefF feature, and are derived from the pre-processed data. In the prediction phase of concrete compressive strength, a hybrid algorithm is designed by mingling the concepts of Deep Belief Network and Long Short-Term Memory. Moreover, The Rock Hyraxes Updated Sparrow Algorithm is used to fine-tune the weights of DBN to improve the prediction accuracy of the suggested work. The suggested hybrid optimization method is the hybridization of the standard Sparrow Search Algorithm and Rock Hyraxes Swarm Optimization, respectively. Eventually, the output from the optimized hybrid method will reveal the compression energy of concrete. Ultimately, the efficiency of the suggested method is verified by the comparative estimation. The MAPE of the suggested method is 235.32, which is 30.6%, 21.64%, 20.4%, and 11.4% superior than the CLPSO, ABC, SSA + Hybrid Classifier and RHSO + Hybrid Classifier, respectively.

Affectation in the Affect Nation: The Re-arrival of Singapore's Affective Laborers

Abstract: Notorious for its ever-changing urban landscape, Singapore has seen plenty of projects in recent years to archive disappearing sites and the stories people have about them. While archival work and collective memory formations are commendable, the affective labor that goes into these projects risks uncritically reproducing existing structures of feeling that fuel the nation's postcolonial triumphalist narrative. This narrative is characteristically dependent on the planned obsolescence of these sites and the nostalgia that neoliberal industries then eagerly monetize. Through a close literary analysis of Charmaine Leung's 2017 memoir 17A Keong Saik Road , this essay builds on Raymond Williams' concept of structures of feeling and Sara Ahmed's notion of affect aliens to make sense of Singapore's affective regimes and interventions. I argue that place-based literature may reclaim the affects that are foundational to Singapore's postcolonial triumphalist narrative from the state's affective determinations. By highlighting the intergenerational, gendered, affective labors of those involved in the sex industry, Leung's recounting of her childhood in this historical red-light district frees the titular Keong Saik Road, the sex workers who formerly inhabited this site, and Cantonese—one of the undermined non-Mandarin Sinitic languages of Singapore—from the existing scripted affective discourses of the postcolonial nation.

N400 event-related brain potential index of semantic processing and two-year clinical outcomes in persons at high risk for psychosis: A longitudinal study.

The N400 event-related brain potential (ERP) semantic priming effect reflects greater activation of contextually related versus unrelated concepts in long-term semantic memory. Deficits in this measure have been found in persons with schizophrenia and those at clinical high risk (CHR) for this disorder. In CHR patients, we previously found that these deficits predict poorer social functional outcomes after 1 year. In the present study, we tested whether these deficits predicted greater psychosis-spectrum symptom severity and functional impairment over 2 years. We measured N400 semantic priming effects at baseline in CHR patients (n = 47) who viewed prime words each followed by a related/unrelated target word at stimulus-onset asynchronies (SOAs) of 300 or 750 ms. We measured psychosis-spectrum symptoms using the Structured Interview for Prodromal Symptoms and role and social functioning with the Global Functioning: Role and Social scales, at baseline, 1 (n = 29) and 2 years (n = 25). There was a significant interaction between the N400 semantic priming effect at the 300-ms SOA and time on GF:Role scores, indicating that, contrary to expectations, smaller baseline N400 semantic priming effects were associated with more improvement in role functioning from baseline to Year 1, but baseline N400 priming effects did not predict role functioning at Year 2. N400 priming effects were not significantly associated with different trajectories in psychosis-spectrum symptoms or social functioning. Thus, CHR patients' N400 semantic priming effects did not predict clinical outcomes over 2 years, suggesting that this ERP measure may have greater value as a state or short-term prognostic neurophysiological biomarker.

Quantum Multi-Agent Meta Reinforcement Learning

Although quantum supremacy is yet to come, there has recently been an increasing interest in identifying the potential of quantum machine learning (QML) in the looming era of practical quantum computing. Motivated by this, in this article we re-design multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) based on the unique characteristics of quantum neural networks (QNNs) having two separate dimensions of trainable parameters: angle parameters affecting the output qubit states, and pole parameters associated with the output measurement basis. Exploiting this dyadic trainability as meta-learning capability, we propose quantum meta MARL (QM2ARL) that first applies angle training for meta-QNN learning, followed by pole training for few-shot or local-QNN training. To avoid overfitting, we develop an angle-to-pole regularization technique injecting noise into the pole domain during angle training. Furthermore, by exploiting the pole as the memory address of each trained QNN, we introduce the concept of pole memory allowing one to save and load trained QNNs using only two-parameter pole values. We theoretically prove the convergence of angle training under the angle-to-pole regularization, and by simulation corroborate the effectiveness of QM2ARL in achieving high reward and fast convergence, as well as of the pole memory in fast adaptation to a time-varying environment.

Лексико-семантичне поле «відповідальність»в українському поетичному дискурсі періоду війни

Introduction. The reality of a full-scale war caused drastic changes in the language and language consciousness of Ukrainians. The modern poetic dictionary demonstrably reflects these changes and makes it possible to establish the time marking of the texts, to differentiate them chronologically as those created "before" and "after" February 24, 2022. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to characterize the lexical-semantic field of «responsibility» in the Ukrainian poetic discourse of the war period. Results. A cognitive-textual analysis of poetry written during the Russian-Ukrainian war records an intensive renewal of the corpus of key concepts for modern language thinking. Significant recent trends were observed in the lexical-semantic development of the concept of «responsibility». It was established that its component content, directions of textual and associative branching correlate with the methodologically important concepts of memory and history. Іn particular, when comparing the present and the future (as components of history) in connection with the social, collective need to condemn and punish the perpetrators of the war, the motif of the historical and personal responsibility of the Russian aggressors for the war crime against Ukraine and the Ukrainian people was fully expressed. One of the most important segments of the Ukrainian linguistic and poetic picture of the world during the war is the lexical-semantic field «responsibility». In addition to the name of the field, the core zone of LSF «responsibility» is formed by the nominations forgiveness / non- forgiveness, punishment, trial, sentence, revenge, retribution. It also includes precedent expressions blood for blood, death for death, symbolic proper names Nuremberg, The Hague. Conclusion. The lexical-semantic field «responsibility» is one of the determining for Ukrainian war poetry. The рerspective of continuing this scientific direction is connected with the need for in-depth linguistic knowledge and description of poetry of the war period and about the war, in particular with the need to systematically stratify a poetic dictionary updated in accordance with modern conditions, which demonstrably records the changes in the linguistic thinking of modern Ukrainians.

THE SEARCH OF GENRE IN RUSSIAN LITERATURE OF 1920S: V. SHKLOVSKY’S ZОО, OR LETTERS NOT ABOUT LOVE AND V. MAYAKOVSKY’S ABOUT IT AS TWO VERSIONS OF ONE PLAN

The paper attempts to prove that when considering the genre premises of V. Mayakovsky’s poem and V. Shklovsky’s novel, the formalist theory of convergence is no less effective than Bakhtin’s concept of genre memory. A comparative analysis of two texts created at the same time sheds light on the artistic features of each. Both the poem and the novel are ‘literature of exile’; both works are a dedication to the lady of the heart; in both cases, the structure of a courtly romance or a ballad in honor of the beloved is recreated. It is emphasized that the Berlin Zoo (‘Zoo’) was destined to play a special role in the creation of two works. At the same time, the image of the zoo becomes one of the expanded metaphors in the work of Mayakovsky, and not Shklovsky, while for the latter the most important reference point is V. Khlebnikov’s Zverinets. It is suggested that the ‘adult’ literature of the 1920s can draw on the achievements of literature for children. The attitude towards dialogue with tradition is manifested in the works of Shklovsky and Mayakovsky precisely in the space of playing with genre models, as well as in the movement from the verbal text to the book as an indivisible whole, which is relevant for the avant-garde. The idea of synthesis of arts manifests itself in different ways in the works of Mayakovsky and Shklovsky: the former is distinguished by an orientation towards the collage technique, which involves playing with textures, while for the latter, ‘newspaper montage’ is important. The blurring of the boundaries between fiction and document, characteristic of LEF, also determines the genre specificity of both the poem and the novel.

Rethinking the City in the Industrial Aftermath

Drawing on ethnographic studies of two postindustrial cities in Croatia, Sisak and Bakar, the authors analyse how the communities narrate their industrial pasts, address industry-related environmental fallouts and define the potentials of postindustrial urban life. They focus on diverse narrations and practices through which the formerly industrial communities make sense of industrialisation and deindustrialisation. Local understandings of (post)industrial urban life are grasped through the concept of socio-industrial memory. The concept highlights the fact that communities can have different ideas about similar socio-economic processes depending on the ways in which they conceptualise the present and futures of their postindustrial cities, but it also underlines that the process of industrialisation was orchestrated politically as an act of socialist modernisation. The article outlines shared features and investigates disparities of postindustrial city-making and, in doing so, underlines the significance of context-based interpretations of such transformations. In both cities, the shutting down of factories left the inhabitants without major providers of livelihood. In Sisak, deindustrialisation meant long-term unemployment, which triggered postindustrial nostalgia. For citizens of Bakar, socialist industrialisation is an environmental threat and a turn away from tourism-development prospects. The authors conclude that images of the industrial past change their meanings in relation to the present needs and fears of postindustrial communities, as well as their visions of alternative, hopefully brighter futures.

Historisches Lernen, transnationale Erinnerung und kosmopolitische Bildung

Abstract Historical Learning, Transnational Remembrance, and Cosmopolitan Education. Pedagogical Considerations on the Cultures of Memory in Germany and Japan Cosmopolitan education is an ideal that transcends the boundaries of national historical and educational policy, but one that seems rather unrealistic in times of increasing national orientation of states. First, Aleida Assmann’s rejection of cosmopolitanism in her attempt to rethink nation is critically examined. After a brief sketch of the struggles over memory and responsibility in Germany, the concept of a dialogical memory and the idea of a transnational culture of memory are discussed with regard to Germany and Japan. Finally, two concepts of cosmopolitical education are presented and the motivation for historical and self-critical education is reflected in a cosmopolitical perspective.

Re-recognition of innate immune memory as an integrated multidimensional concept.

In the past decade, the concept of immunological memory, which has long been considered a phenomenon observed in the adaptive immunity of vertebrates, has been extended to the innate immune system of various organisms. This de novo immunological memory is mainly called "innate immune memory", "immune priming", or "trained immunity" and has received increased attention because of its potential for clinical and agricultural applications. However, research on different species, especially invertebrates and vertebrates, has caused controversy regarding this concept. Here we discuss the current studies focusing on this immunological memory and summarize several mechanisms underlying it. We propose "innate immune memory" as a multidimensional concept as an integration between the seemingly different immunological phenomena.

Narrating Memory in Jeanette Winterson's Lighthousekeeping: Identity, Body and Space

This article analyzes Jeanette Winterson’s Lighthousekeeping (2004) within the concept of memory through a close textual analysis and explores how memory plays a role in shaping an individual’s identity and how body and spaces form memory. An individual as a spatial temporal being perceives the world through sensory perceptions of her/his body and forms her/his body and spatial memories through this interaction. The recollections of these memories, pleasant or painful, affect the present. This study also highlights the effectiveness of recreations and reinterpretations of the past on an individual’s existence, and investigates how spatial and body memories are important in recollections of the events that have psychological impacts on an individual’s identity and existence, and how the past, namely memories, functions for the self-realization. This article dwells on the function of the past through storytelling in the construction of identity by referring to body and space in Lighthousekeeping. The lighthouse and stories function to form spatial and body memory that shape identity and shed light on psychology and existence by exploring the relationship between mother and daughter and the role of body in establishing this relationship.

THE VIEW OF FAMILY MEMORY IN THE MOVIE COMING HOME (2014)

<p><em>This paper explores the view of family memory in the movie Coming Home (2014) to underline the importance of family memory in maintaining the family wholeness. This paper is a qualitative study with sociological approach focusing on the concept of family memory by Halbwachs. The results of this paper demonstrate that the presence of family memories determines one’s perception and action toward other family members and helps family members to encounter challenges that occur within the family or in the society. Meanwhile, the absence of family memory makes someone care less to other family members and get easily influenced by external factors outside the family. Family memory is concurrently possible to maintain cultural tradition within a family and even a nation, thus family memory between family members goes beyond family affair, not only strengthen and unite a family but also a nation.</em></p>

기억과 망각의 충돌과 전복

Kamel Daoud's Meursault, Contre-enquêtete changes the general view we have had on L'Étranger as the canon of world classical literature. With Meursault, Contre-enquêtete, LÉtranger is converted to an autobiographical novel based on facts. For most Camus‘ readers, L'Étranger is a novel representing Algeria, but on the contrary, it is a forgetting agent that blurs Algeria. Thus, through Meursault, Contre-enquêtete, Daoud plays a role in evoking Algerian' remembering to restore their impaired identity and recover the tarnished Algeria's reputation. This study will analyze these two works from the perspective of discourse on memory, conduct a theoretical review of remembering, forgetting, and literary works as media, and then interpret Algeria recalled from a colonial perspective in L'Étranger and represented from a postcolonial view in Meursault, Contre-enquêtete. These two works, which testify to the same place, are distinctive in terms of a conflict and overthrow of remembering and forgetting. In particular, 'the subjects of memory', united through Musa and Harun, show the concept of multidirectional memory that strengthens the will to struggle and also heals trauma through the medium of literature. Through this study, as third-party readers, it will be an opportunity to consider how different memories described in literary works dispute and overturn.

New solutions of fractional Maxwell fluid with ternary-hybrid nanoparticles

This paper is about Maxwell fluid over a vertical heated wall having an infinite length. A mathematical model which includes heat, velocity, and concentration profile is obtained and is converted into dimensionless equations by mean of various different parameters. Fractional model based on generalized Fourier and Fick’s law are considered in order to address the accurate memory concept of the flow problem. For analytical solutions, Prabhakar fractional operator is utilized to get results for energy, velocity, and concentration field. The effect of various parameters involved is shown with the help of graph by assigning different values to parameters. The fractional method can lay out modern vision for analytical results which causes the understanding of the consequences less complex. For the accuracy and validation recently published work retrieved as a limiting case. Addition of concentration of ternary hybrid nanofluid is a source of improving base fluid properties. The usage of Prabhakar operators displays the probability of a suitable choice of fractional parameters so that it is more appropriate in between experimental and theoretical facts.

Memory in the poetry of Imru’ al-Qais

Memory has been a major aspect in many fields of cognitive, psychological, philosophical, social, cultural and medical studies. It has greatly helped in understanding the human personality and knowing its tendencies and motivations by translating what it stores in its depths of ideas, visions, activities and functions. It then continued on its way to enter literary studies and poetry, especially because it played a big role in providing the poets with a huge stock of accumulations of events, situations and experiences that they choose as appropriate according to the poet's poetry talent and according to the impact of these events so that they are rooted in memory and become difficult to forget in transforming these attitudes and experiences entrenched in mind. They affected personality and remained stuck in his memory and dominated the centers of thinking and sensation into mature literary works and deep creative images.There is a close link between poetry and memory. Poetry has the ability to absorb the manifestations of memory because it is closely related to human emotions and feelings, which is a feature of memory. The basis of emotions and feelings is the ability to retain it and the poet can conjure it at any time he wants.The study found poetic cases that have long passed, but the memory is able to revive it. It can recover the past to maintain its permanence no matter how long it has passed, and here lies the importance of memory.Memory does not mean mere memories of a past and end time and can be retrieved in certain psychological and emotional conditions that include all the experiences of human consciousness. It also includes all the hypotheses that determine the treatment of the present. It reflects the past and the present and influences the future.The study consists of two topics, the first is the concept of memory and its mechanism of action and the reflection of its effectiveness on the poetry of the poet, while the second topic is large sum of the memory of the poet, such as (time, place, woman and tribe).