Memorable Dates Research Articles

АЛЬТЕРНАТИВНІ ІНТЕРПРЕТАЦІЇ ІСТОРІЇ ЗАСНУВАННЯ США: ДИСКУСІЇ ТА ІНІЦІАТИВИ 2019–2021 РР.

The aim of the study is to examine alternative interpretations of the history of the United States' founding within the context of the sociopolitical discourse that took place in 2019–2021 in academic and political circles. The scientific novelty is determined by the author's perspective on the issues of conflicting views of American history, which allows tracing the current state of problems with historical memory and its impact on the interpretation of history by American society. Furthermore, it highlights the main topics of public interest in U.S. history and distinguishes the «fault lines» in Americans' views on their history. Additionally, the author of the research pays attention to specific elements in the adaptation of historical memory of African Americans in the context of reframing the historical narrative of the United States. The author concludes that the study marks the beginning of a process of actualization of historical events related to the inception of slavery in America and the system of segregation within the framework of the further national debate regarding American history. Thus, in the context of these processes, the impact of the memorable date of the 400th anniversary of the arrival of the first enslaved Africans in the British colony of Virginia is noted. The author comes to the conclusion of the existence of two mutually exclusive views of U.S. history: on the one hand, a patriotic-triumphant narrative of «progress» and on the other hand – a narrative of the «original sin» of the country's founding. Therefore, the study highlights the influence of past events on the present within the context of the public discussion of alternative interpretations of the country's founding history and the importance of studying the issues of historical memory within the African-American community for the national history of the United States.

Significant and anniversary dates of public health in 2023

Since the late 1940s, the National Research Institute of Public Health named after N. A. Semashko has been conducting research to identify and study memorable dates of world and domestic medicine. The presented material describes the significant and memorable dates of the sanitary case, timed to 2023. The material is presented in the following sections: historical and medical events, publication of works, founding of journals, organization of sanitary and anti-epidemic institutions, convocation of congresses and conferences, personalities.

АЙГУНСКИЙ ДОГОВОР – ПАМЯТНАЯ ДАТА ЕВРЕЙСКОЙ АВТОНОМНОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

By the law of the Jewish Autonomous region, May 28 is recognized as one of the official memorable dates in the history of the region. It was on this day in 1858 in the Chinese city of Aigun that the Aigun Treaty, a historical document on the delimitation of Russia and China possessions, was signed. The agreement is a legal justification for the annexation of the lands lying on the left bank of the Amur to the Russian Empire, as well as Primorye. The history of the Jewish Autonomous region is an integral part of the Russian state general history concerning the development of Siberia and the Far East lands by Russians. Its initial stage should be considered 1581, when the pioneer squad headed Ermak Timofeevich marched from the banks of the Kama River to the east, which contributed to the discovery and annexation of new rich lands located beyond the mountains of the Urals to the Russian state. The subsequent advance of Russian explorers from the Ob to the Yenisei, from the Yenisei to the Lena and further to the Pacific Ocean, later resulted in the domination of Russia on the Amur and in the Amur lands annexation. The movement to Siberia and the Far East served as a source of the state treasury deficit replenishment, provided trade ties with the peoples living on these lands, as well as the opportunity to break through the isolation and blockade in the Russian state in the west and southwest. However, the Russian stay on the Amur was short-lived and was interrupted in the middle of the XVII century by military actions by well-armed troops of the Qing Empire. Unable to transfer large military forces to the Amur region, in 1689 Russia was forced to sign the Treaty of Nerchinsk, according to which the Russians left the left-bank Amur region for more than a century and a half. But the efforts and sacrifices of the XVII century pioneers in the Amur region were not in vain. They became a prologue for the subsequent restoration and consolidation by the Russian state of its territorial and political positions.

ИТОГИ НАУЧНОГО СЕМИНАРА «ТЕОРИИ И ПРАКТИКИ ПРИКЛАДНЫХ КУЛЬТУРНЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ» 26 ОКТЯБРЯ 2022 ГОДА (МУЗЕЙНЫЙ ЦЕНТР «ПЛОЩАДЬ МИРА», КРАСНОЯРСК)

This text presents a summary of the work of the educational, scientific and methodological seminar "Theories and Practices of Applied Cultural Research" (October 26, 2022, Krasnoyarsk, Museum Center "Ploschad Mira"). The seminar was devoted to the presentation of topical art studies in accordance with memorable dates for the world of culture and art: 1) Compositional formulas in works of visual and audiovisual art; 2) Creation of archives as an actual form of audiovisual culture research; 3) Actual studies of cinematography: 65 years since the release of the film "The Cranes Are Flying" by M. Kalatozov, 85 years since the birth of Soviet screenwriter Gennady Shpalikov, 75 years since the birth of writer Stephen King; 4) History of publishing: 160 years since the birth of the Russian publisher Petr Petrovich Soykin.

ИТОГИ НАУЧНОГО СЕМИНАРА «ТЕОРИИ И ПРАКТИКИ ПРИКЛАДНЫХ КУЛЬТУРНЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ» 23 СЕНТЯБРЯ 2022 ГОДА (СИБИРСКИЙ ФЕДЕРАЛЬНЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ, КРАСНОЯРСК)

This text presents a summary of the work of the educational, scientific and methodological seminar "Theories and Practices of Applied Cultural Research" (September 23, 2022, Krasnoyarsk, Siberian Federal University). The seminar was devoted to the presentation of topical art studies in accordance with memorable dates for the world of culture and art: 1) Art studies of works of fine art for the anniversaries of the artists Marc Chagall, Pavel Korin, Ivan Aivazovsky, Vladimir Borovikovsky; 2) Research of animation art for the 140th anniversary of the birth of Vladislav Starevich; 3) Current research on works of Russian cinematography dedicated to the 70th anniversary of the birth of Karen Shakhnazarov; 4) Studies in the history of theatrical art, for the 160th anniversary of the birth of Maurice Maeterlinck; 5) The art of book illustration in Alexander Koshkin’s works.

Юбилейные даты МВД России в педагогическом процессе Академии управления МВД России

The article examines the elements of the corporate culture of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation: professional values, traditions, rituals, professional holidays and memorable dates; professional symbols, as well as pedagogical possibilities of socio-cultural activities aimed at organizing the celebration of the most important events in history, anniversaries and memorable dates of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia and the Academy of Management of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. The author offers a toolkit for entering facts and events into a holistic pedagogical process, traces the influence exerted on the training, upbringing and development of the personality of an employee of the internal affairs bodies, reveals the main content of this activity, and considers the prospects for its development. The scheme of implementation of elements of corporate culture in the Academy of Management of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia is presented through: a holistic pedagogical process, moral and psychological support of activities, mentoring, activities of public organizations and formations, historical and museum work. The results of the sociological survey "Anniversaries and memorable dates of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia of the past, present and future" are presented. Special attention is paid to the positive experience of the Academy of Management of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in organizing scientific, educational and socio-cultural activities related to the preparation and celebration of anniversaries and memorable dates in the history of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.

Professional Training of Future Teachers of Technology and Drawings in the Context of Development International Educational Space

The article is devoted to the problem of the formation of competencies in future teachers of technology and drawing in the context of the international educational space. The purpose of the article is to justify the content and approaches in the professional training of future teachers of technology and drawing in the context of the international educational space, which contribute to the formation of their professional competence. In the research process, general scientific and pedagogical research methods were used: analysis, synthesis, classification, systematization, generalization. The results. The approaches, the content of professional training at its various cycles, which contribute to the formation of professional competence in future teachers of technology and drawing, are substantiated. The relevance and necessity of developing information and communication technologies in a pandemic for future teachers of technology and drawing during professional training is substantiated. The importance of qualified teachers in Ukraine and abroad, the formation of their relevant competencies in the educational sphere, in a pandemic, is analyzed. Appropriate methods, forms and methods of training future teachers of labor education during professional training in the context of the international educational space are considered. Conclusions. The necessity of changes in the educational process, its scientific and methodological support in connection with the rethinking of the situation in the educational space of technology and drawing is considered. Accordingly, students should have the formed modern general interconnected system of man-technician, in which you can make the final choice of future profession, the choice of direction in the profile school. In order to consolidate and form the historical consciousness of the Ukrainian people, preserve national memory and properly celebrate and honor memorable dates and anniversaries, future teachers should include relevant topics: essays, term papers and dissertations, lectures, seminars, round tables, scientific and practical conferences, etc. Experience at the university proves that to overcome these difficulties in choosing the appropriate form of presentation of graphic information, that would facilitate the assimilation of educational material by students, it is necessary to consider appropriate images of views, sections, various design and technological documents to transmit certain information. It should be noted that the appropriate mutual placement of parts, assemblies and assembly units should be given systematically, during the study of various disciplines while training. To overcome these difficulties, it is necessary to consider appropriate images of views, sections, various design and technological documents for the transmission of certain information. The study of disciplines during the professional training of future teachers of technology and drawing which form the appropriate level of psychological, pedagogical and methodological training is extremely important. The proposed material will be of interest to teachers of higher educational institutions in the field of labor training, technology and drawing.

From the First Public Museum in Moscow to the Country’s National Library: Conference “Rumyantsev Readings—2022”

On 19—21 April 2022, the Russian State Library (RSL) hosted the annual International Research and Practical Conference “Rumyantsev Readings”. It was attended by the experts from the Russian Federation, as well as the Republic of Azerbaijan, the Republic of Armenia, the Republic of Belarus, the Donetsk People’s Republic, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, the Republic of Moldova, and the Republic of Uzbekistan.The subject matter of the conference covers a wide range of issues on the theory and practice of library science, bibliography, and book science. Among this year’s main trends were the history of librarianship, the discovery of universal and specialised collections, and the multi-dimensional activities of modern libraries.In 2022, the RSL celebrates a memorable date: the 160th anniversary of the establishment of the Moscow Public Museum and the Rumyantsev Museum. This major event was highlighted in both greeting addresses and scientific reports presented at the conference.The agenda of the Readings included 15 round tables and sections. A number of meetings were broadcast on the RSL YouTube channel; some of them could be attended remotely using video conferencing tools.The RSL publishing house “Pashkov Dom” published a two-part collection of conference proceedings, which included 163 articles by 177 authors.Since its establishment in 1981, the Conference have been a key event for the professional community, annually drawing a large number of participants. It also contributes to the introduction of new sources into scientific circulation, the development of scientific research, the expansion of cooperation between various institutions, and intercultural communication.

Nobel laureate Ilya Mechnikov: what do we know about him?

In 1908, Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov, the founder of evolutionary embryology, the discoverer of phagocytosis and intracellular digestion, received the Nobel Prize in Medicine and Physiology. He described in detail the comparative etiopathology of the inflammatory process, as well as developed one of the initial concepts of aging. It was he who coined the term "gerontology", and he also made a serious contribution to the development of a diet based on the use of probiotics, which is aimed at gaining a long and healthy life. Supporters of life extension celebrate his birthday on May 15 as "Mechnikov's Day", and also use this day as a memorable date for organizing and holding various events promoting a healthy lifestyle

March 6 — World Glaucoma Day

In 2008, the World Glaucoma Association and World Glaucoma Patients Association proposed March 6 to celebrate the World Day of fighting against this formidable disease, which is the cause of blindness in 13.5 % of cases. Glaucoma is a pathology of the eye, which is characterized by a constant or periodic increase in intraocular pressure, resulting in the gradual development of optic nerve atrophy, followed by partial or complete loss of vision. According to the World Health Organization, more than 100 million people suffer from glaucoma worldwide. This disease most often affects both eyes, as a rule, develops in older patients, and occurs in women about three times more often than in men. As the world's population gradually ages, there is a trend towards a slow but steady increase in the incidence of glaucoma in the world. Ophthalmologists are sounding the alarm — with timely treatment, the onset of irreversible changes in this eye pathology can at least be delayed, if not completely avoided. In order to draw public attention to this problem and increase the level of public awareness in the prevention and treatment of glaucoma, it was proposed to celebrate this memorable date.

Significant and memorable dates in the field of epidemiology and prevention of infectious diseases 2022

The staff of the Department of the History of Medicine of the N.A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health has prepared a list and description of significant and memorable dates in the field of epidemiology and prevention of infectious diseases, timed to 2022. The material is presented in three sections: “historical and medical events”, “publication of works” and “personalities”. Historical and medical events, the round dates of which are celebrated in 2022, are associated with the prevention of infectious diseases relevant in the 19th and 20th centuries — tuberculosis, plague, rabies, brucellosis, malaria, etc. Scientific works published 75-255 years ago are devoted to the problems of epidemiology, treatment and prevention of syphilis, plague, typhus. During this period, such periodicals as “Hygiene and Epidemiology”, “Preventive Medicine”, “Bulletin of Epidemiology and Microbiology” were founded, which became the prototypes of modern specialized scientific journals. The section “personalities” contains a list of round dates from the birth and death of prominent figures in the field of epidemiology, parasitology, infectious diseases and a description of the main milestones of their lives and activities.

Formation of the Historical Memory of the Bulgarian Minority of Ukraine (1991 – 2020): Actors, Narratives and Commemoration

Nearly three centuries have passed since Bulgarian migrants appeared on the territory of contemporary Ukraine. They had to leave their historic homeland due to the strengthening of control of the Ottoman administration over all spheres of life of Bulgarians in the metropolis, as well as the intensification of the Russian-Turkish military confrontation, which drastically affected the economic, social, and cultural situation of the Bulgarian population. The Bulgarians, settled down on the Ukrainian lands, became an integral part of the multi-ethnic Ukrainian society, though fell victim to the assimilation policy of the Soviet period. Bulgarians are undergoing a period of national and cultural revival in the independent Ukraine, which is intimately linked to the process of recovering the historical memory of Ukrainian Bulgarians, restoring the pantheon of national heroes, memorable dates, and revival of traditional culture. In this connection, the researches dedicated to the analysis of the process of formation of the historical memory of the Bulgarian community in modern Ukraine are of particular relevance. The authors emphasize the difference between the two main groups of the Bulgarian community on the territory of Ukraine – Bessarabian and Azov (Taurida) Bulgarians, which is reflected in a reassessment of the role of the migration of ancestors of modern Ukrainian Bulgarians from the metropolis as well as in a monopolization of objects of national and cultural heritage by certain organizations, etc.

The new historical politics and criticism of Jawaharlal Nehru and Indira Gandhi in contemporary Indian press

To successfully modernize the country and mobilize Indian society and to eventually implement ambitious plans for economic development, Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) sets itself the task of achieving national unity. The BJP in the face of its leader Narendra Modi is forced to conduct constant polemics with their main political opponent - the Indian National Congress. Having come to power in 2014, the BJP representatives use a number of management methods aimed at changing the historical memory of the peoples of India, which can be characterized as "historical politics". The authorities are trying to back up their actions to mobilize Indian society with a new historical rationale, using Hindutwa as a "new ideology". A new official version of the past is being formed, history and historical mythology are actively used to solve political problems of the present. The historical memory of society undergoes transformation and becomes an arena for the struggle against a political enemy. In the Indian press, every memorable date, every historical event becomes the basis for broad discussion and polemics with its historical predecessors and political competitors. After coming to power, Bharatiya Janata Party constantly refers to recent historical events, considering them from a certain ideological angle. This controversy, which has spilled over into the pages of the Indian press, allows us to talk about the BJP pursuing a new historical policy aimed at creating comfortable interpretations of controversial historical events for itself.

К истории изучения бумаг Ф. П. Литке в собрании Российского государственного архива древних актов

The article reviews the history of studying Admiral F. B. von Lutke’s manuscript legacy. An outstanding navigator, statesman and scientist, founder and first vice-chairman of the Russian Geographical Society, president of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, he was a key figure in the intellectual life of Russia. Lutke’s archive contains valuable materials on social history of science in general, as well as on certain branches of knowledge. His papers are scattered over various St. Petersburg and Moscow archives, thus remaining little studied. Using methods of systems analysis, retrospective and comparative approaches, the authors summarize the experience of studying Lutke’s papers stored in the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts (RGADA). They have examined published research, as well as manuscript of dissertation of the Admiral’s descendant, N. F. Lutke. It is concluded that most documents remained unintroduced into scientific use. However, attempts to investigate and publish Lutke’s papers were undertaken by Soviet historians of science after World War II. St. Petersburg Branch of the Institute for the History of Natural Sciences and Technology holds a unique manuscript “F. P. Lutke – Vice-Chairman of the Russian Geographical Society, 1845–74: Collected Letters and Materials” compiled and prepared for publication under A. I. Andreev. It contains 140 documents from the Central State Archive of Ancient Acts: letters from K. E. von Baer, A. V. Golovnin, E. I. Lamansky, R. F. F. von der Osten-Sacken, O. W. Struve, A. T. Kupffer and others addressed to Lutke; correspondence of Konstantin Nikolayevich; references, notes and projects of L. V. Dubbelt, etc. The authors reconstruct the process of the almanac preparation. Its publication was to coincide with two memorable dates: the 100th anniversary of the Russian Geographical Society and Lutke’s 150th anniversary. A review of V. R. Svirskaya (Leikina) reveals that the book remained unpublished for ideological reasons. The authors compare documents from Andreev’s collection with sources used in subsequent works devoted to Lutke. They conclude that most documents found in mid-1940s remain unstudied. Publication of the most valuable materials from F. V. Lutke’s fond in the RGADA is an important scientific task.

Modes of historical memory: from Hegemonism to agonism

The article substantiates an agonistic approach to the historical memory of society, in which the latter is not a single hegemonic narrative, but a set of competing versions of the past. According to the author, the relevance of the agonistic regime of memory is connected with the fact that in the modern world the factor of mass migrations, the struggle for recognition by ethnic, racial and other minorities, the activation of regional identities introduces new mnemotic actors into the public space, challenging the established historical "canon". At the same time, an attempt to suppress counter-narratives usually causes the phenomenon of "mnemotic resistance", and therefore cannot be considered as a productive strategy. The agonistic approach to the politics of memory makes us evaluate resonant events around the Black Lives Matter movement in a different way, disputes over the concept of historical education, demands for renaming streets and squares, demolition of monuments, changes in memorable dates and holidays. The "rewriting of history" turns out not to be an existential threat to the national community, but a natural process of the nation's revision of ideas about itself. At the same time, it is fundamentally important that memorial conflicts take place within a common symbolic space, and discussions are held about the national past. This is the only way a truly inclusive version of historical memory can arise.

Significant and memorable dates of the sanitary case of 2022

The staff of the Department of the History of Medicine of the N.A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health has prepared a list and description of significant and memorable dates of sanitary affairs, timed to 2022. The material is presented in three sections: «historical and medical events», «publication of works» and «personalities». The main historical and medical event of 2022 is the centenary of the publication of the Decree of the Council of People’s Commissars of the RSFSR «On sanitary authorities of the Republic» (1922, September 15). The publication of the Decree is considered the starting point of the modern history of the state sanitary and epidemiological service, the prototype of which originated in pre-revolutionary Russia. Of particular interest are scientific works published 150–250 years ago and devoted to the current problems of hygiene and epidemiology at that stage — air quality, prevention of workers’ diseases, treatment and anti-epidemic measures for the plague, the state of the Crimean army in the campaign of 1854–1856. The section «personalities» contains a list of round dates from the birth and death of prominent figures in the field of hygiene and a description of the main milestones of their lives and activities.

ИТОГИ НАУЧНОГО СЕМИНАРА «ТЕОРИИ И ПРАКТИКИ ПРИКЛАДНЫХ КУЛЬТУРНЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ» 17 ИЮНЯ 2022 ГОДА (СИБИРСКИЙ ФЕДЕРАЛЬНЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ, КРАСНОЯРСК)

This text presents a summary of the work of the educational, scientific and methodological seminar "Theories and Practices of Applied Cultural Research" (June 17, 2022, Krasnoyarsk, Siberian Federal University). The seminar was devoted to the presentation of current interest in art studies in accordance with memorable dates for the world of culture and art: 1) Art studies of works of architecture, dedicated to the 170th anniversary of the birth of Antoni Gaudí; 2) Current research of Russian art, dedicated to the 185th anniversary of the birth of Ivan Nikolaevich Kramskoy; 3) Animation art, dedicated to the 95th anniversary of the birth of Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Kotyonochkin, as well as the study of phenomena in the art of the XX-XXI centuries.

МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ НАУЧНО-ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ КОНФЕРЕНЦИЯ "ПЬЕР ПАОЛО ПАЗОЛИНИ: ЛИЧНОСТЬ, ТВОРЧЕСТВО, РЕЦЕПЦИИ: К СТОЛЕТИЮ СО ДНЯ РОЖДЕНИЯ"

The proposed review is dedicated to the recent International Scientific and Practical Conference “Pier Paolo Pasolini: person, works, perception. On his 100th birthday”, which was held on March 01–02, 2022 at the Russian University for the Humanities and at the Gorky Institute of Word Literature of Russian Academy of Science (Moscow). The conference organized by the Department of Classical Literature of the West and Comparative Literature of the IW and the Department of European Languages of the IL RSUH, saw a large participation of literary scholars from universities in Russia, Italy, the Czech Republic and Germany, film critics, translators of fiction and poetry, etc. The purpose of the conference was to honor the memory of the great Italian poet, writer, thinker and director on the eve of a memorable date – the centenary of his birth (March 5, 2022). The reports made concerned both the literary and cinematic heritage of Pasolini, as well as the reception of his work in the contemporary culture.

Представления современных студентов о роли СССР в победе в Великой Отечественной войне: опыт социологического исследования

The article is based on the results of the surveys of 2015 and 2020. The authors set the task of determining the volume of basic cognitive knowledge of students of higher education institutions of Rostov-on-Don and the Rostov Region about the period of the events of the Great Patriotic War and World War II (the role and image of the state, its institutions, the people in the Victory), value-emotional ideas (judgments, assessments, interpretations) about the Second World War, the significance of the celebration of Victory Day as a special memorable date in the life of the Russian state.

The Origin and Formation of the National Symbols of Catalonia within the Framework of the Renaixença and their Visual Representation in the 19th Century

The article presents the study of national symbols of Catalonia: their emergence and visual representation in the art of the 19th century. National symbolic system of Catalonia date back to the Renaixença movement in literature that initiated the formation of the Catalan language and literature. The scope and purpose of the article included an investigation of the works of the most prominent representatives of the Catalan national renaissance in order to identify the origins of the symbols they deploy. Consideration of symbols serves the purpose of defining the way national aspects get their visual representation. The method of historical typology was used to systematize the sources. Memoirs and publications in the press were analyzed with the textual method, and visual materials – with stylistic and iconic methods. Detailed research of the works of Renaixença has shown that Catalan cultural code initially emerged in poetry. In the second half of the 19th century, the symbols acquired visuality in fine art, namely paintings and visual design of the front pages of Catalan newspapers and magazines. The article provides a detailed account of selected examples of such visuals. At that time, Catalan intellectuals created works devoted to the history of Catalan-speaking lands, seeking to find roots that would picture the ancient nature of their motherland. They searched the archives and looked into medieval literature and folklore to prove the continuity of prosperous medieval Catalonia, part of the Kingdom of Aragon, and nineteenth-century Catalonia. Thinking over national history gave birth to national identity. At the same time history acquired a visual dimension. Churches, monasteries, memorable dates, leaders and thinkers that bore distinct national identity were visualized. Medieval plots penetrated art that tapped into heroic deeds of the past for inspiration. The spread of visual images helped bridge the gap between past and present. The newly acquired continuity of tradition strengthened the national narrative. The process enabled the national unity of the Catalan people with the central idea of an imaginary community of a nation-state.