Club Members Research Articles

What explains the well-being benefits of physical activity? A mixed-methods analysis of the roles of participation frequency and social identification

ObjectivePhysical activity in a social setting is said to be associated with well-being because it provides opportunities for participants to form social relationships. However, there are inconsistent findings regarding the well-being benefits of participating in physical activity with others. To address this inconclusive evidence, we draw on the social identity approach to health and well-being to examine whether (a) the frequency of physical activity participation in a social setting and (b) the degree of social identification associated with it, have different relationships with participants’ well-being. MethodsWe implemented a two-phase, mixed-methods design with members of women's only fitness clubs in Japan. In Study 1, we collected survey responses about social identification, life satisfaction, and eudaimonic well-being from 1118 members. The survey data were combined with respondents' objective participation data from a membership database. In Study 2, we interviewed a sample of club members to understand how the nature of social relationships differed depending on the degree of their social identification. ResultsStudy 1 found that social identification with a fitness club, but not the frequency of attending the club for physical activity, was positively associated with members’ well-being. Study 2 revealed that members with high social identification experienced more affective relationships with other members than those with medium or low identification. ConclusionsOur research provides quantitative and qualitative evidence supporting the association between social identification and the well-being benefits of physical activity in a social setting. It confirms the predictions of the social identity approach to health and well-being, demonstrating that people enjoy well-being benefits from physical activity participation when it is internalized as a meaningful definition of self.

Influential Factors on Entrepreneurial Competencies in Thai Community Development Program Students: A Study in Higher Education Institutions

While there has been growing interest in fostering entrepreneurial skills among students, research is scant on the factors influencing these competencies in Thai higher education settings. To address this gap, this study focused on 198 community development majors at Rajabhat University in southern Thailand. It examined the impact of individual characteristics and engagement in extracurricular activities on their entrepreneurial competencies. The study posed two hypotheses: 1) Individual characteristics, such as age, gender, and family income, influence the entrepreneurial skills of these students; 2) There is a positive correlation between students' engagement in learning-enhancing activities and their entrepreneurial skills. Data were collected through a survey, distributed via stratified sampling, and analysed using a range of statistical methods including t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and Chi-square tests, with a significance level set at p < 0.05.The findings revealed high levels of student engagement in extracurricular activities such as club membership and event attendance. Performance metrics indicated strong entrepreneurial competencies among the students. Factors like age, gender, academic performance, family income, educational environment, and chosen field of study were found to significantly influence these competencies. Importantly, a strong correlation was observed between students' engagement in extracurricular activities and competencies like innovation, risk-taking, proactivity, competitiveness, and work independence. This study offers valuable insights into the roles of individual characteristics and extracurricular engagement in shaping entrepreneurial competencies among Thai university students.

College students with high abilities in liberal arts disciplines: Examining the effect of spirituality in bolstering self-regulated learning, affect balance, peer relationships, and well-being

ABSTRACT This article reports a study on the impact of online spiritual lessons in improving self-regulation, emotion regulation, affect balance, peer relations, and well-being of high-ability college students of liberal arts disciplines. Compared to an online workshop on affect management, the online spiritual lessons were effective. Moderate effects were observed on the cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression facets of emotion regulation andautonomy, environmental mastery, personal growth, positive relations, purpose in life, and self-acceptance subscales of well-being. Fairly high effects were observed on peer relations, self-regulation, affect balance, and general/overall well-being outcomes. Gender, economic class, study subject, primary caregivers, living arrangements, attending extra lessons/having club memberships for advanced studies, and intervention compliance were significant predictors of intervention impact. Latent class analyses revealed eight classes/subgroups of participants reporting maximum posttest (T2) gains: male students, middle class, students of mathematics, literature, philosophy, who were attending extra lessons/having club memberships for advanced studies, who attended above threshold (51–90 or > 56%) online spiritual lessons, and who did above threshold homework lessons. Male students and those with high intervention compliance reported gains on all outcomes. Online spiritual lessons can be incorporated into socio-emotional leaning for high-ability collegians.

The Refugee Sports Clubs in Greece as Carriers of Asia Minor Memory (1922–40)

Abstract After the exodus from their homelands and the population exchange between Turkey and Greece, Greek Orthodox refugees from Asia Minor formed hundreds of associations in Greece’s refugee settlements. These associations served the purposes of recovery and cultural expression, with many among them also functioning as carriers and promoters of the memory of their members’ places of origin. Among these associations were hundreds of sports clubs that young refugees joined. The mnemonic practices that members of these sports clubs pursued included the repeated use of texts, images, and rituals which referred mainly to the geography and history of Asia Minor. Based on the archives of refugee sports clubs from all over Greece, this article analyzes these mnemonic practices and places them in the general context of collective refugee memory.

Alcohol and masculinity within community sports clubs in Aotearoa New Zealand

ABSTRACT Traditionally, males have been more involved in community sports, and they also consume alcohol at higher rates compared to other genders in Aotearoa NZ. The present study drew on notions of gender and hegemonic masculinity to explore people's experiences of sports clubs, alcohol and masculinity. In-depth individual interviews were undertaken with 12 participants (10 males, 2 females, aged 23–56), who belonged to a range of sports clubs. Following transcription, the data were analysed thematically, and three key themes were identified: (1) pervasiveness: alcohol is everywhere; (2) masculine behaviours dominate; (3) feeling alienated. Findings reinforce how hegemonic masculinity and alcohol consumption remain pervasive within many community sports settings. This impacts on feelings of belonging and views on what constitutes appropriate behaviours. Those who do not belong to the dominant group, or conform to the status quo, are subordinated and formal hierarchies continue to favour dominant groups. Harmful behaviours linked with hegemonic masculinity were also exacerbated by alcohol consumption. Findings are considered in terms of how to change power dynamics and drinking practices perpetuated by hegemonic masculine norms to promote a more inclusive and safer space for all members of community sports clubs.

Economic sustainability: a solution to the financial problems of football clubs

PurposeFinancial problems of football clubs during economic crises (such as COVID-19 pandemic) highlight the necessity of achieving economic sustainability. In addition, the economic sustainability of football clubs is accepted as a principle of the development of sports business. Therefore, it is reasonable to conduct a study with the aim of examining economic sustainability in the field of sports club management.Design/methodology/approachThe present study adopted a qualitative approach to research and used semi-structured interviews in order to develop a framework for the economic sustainability of football clubs. A total of 13 members of football clubs in the Iranian premier league participated in this study.FindingsThe findings highlighted the fact that a number of factors, including media and social networks, entrepreneurship and development of club business, commercialization of the club, privatization, investment and ownership, strategic communication plan, financial management and management instability, promoted the economic sustainability of football clubs and improved their financial performance.Originality/valueThis study highlighted the importance of the changes in the structure of football clubs and the strategic plans for promoting entrepreneurship and commercialization. Moreover, it underlined the major role of the environmental and management components of football clubs in their financial sustainability.

Understanding health outcome drivers among adherence club patients in clinics of Gauteng, South Africa: a structural equation modelling (SEM) approach

BackgroundThere has been growing interest in understanding the drivers of health outcomes, both in developed and developing countries. The drivers of health outcomes, on the other hand, are the factors that influence the likelihood of experiencing positive or negative health outcomes. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) continues to be a significant global public health challenge, with an estimated 38 million people living with the aim of this study was therefore to develop and empirically test a conceptual research model using SEM, aimed at explaining the magnitude of various factors influencing HIV and other health outcomes among patients attending Adherence Clubs.MethodThis was a cross sectional survey study design conducted in 16 health facilities in the City of Ekurhuleni in Gauteng Province, South Africa. A total of 730 adherence club patients were systematically sampled to participate in a closed ended questionnaire survey. The questionnaire was assessed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient for internal consistency. The proposed model was tested using structural equation modelling (AMOS software: ADC, Chicago, IL, USA).ResultsA total of 730 adherence club members participated in the study. Of these, 425 (58.2%) were female and 305 (41.8%) were male. The overall results indicated a good reliability of all the scale involved in this study as Cronbach alphas ranged from 0.706 to 0.874, and composite reliability from 0.735 to 0.874. The structural model showed that the constructs health seeking behavior (β = 0.267, p = 0.000), health care services (β = 0.416, p = 0.000), stigma and discrimination (β = 0.135, p = 0.022) significantly predicted health outcomes and explained 45% of its variance. The construct healthcare service was the highest predictor of health outcomes among patients in adherence clubs.ConclusionPatient health seeking behaviour, healthcare services, stigma and discrimination were associated with perceived health outcomes. Since adherence clubs have been found to have a significant impact in improving patient outcomes and quality of life, there is a need to ensure replication of this model.

The Lindsay Leg Club® Well Leg Regime: an evidence review.

This article aims to review the scarce available evidence on the effectiveness of the Well Leg Programme within the Lindsay Leg Clubs in terms of preventing wound recurrence and improving members' wellbeing. It collates the numerical data on members' wounds and healing rates from the Lindsay Leg Club relational database and members' narratives from a qualitative service evaluation of the Lindsay Leg Clubs. Findings of the review suggest that remaining within the Well Leg regime for several months (or longer) after having had a healed ulcer seems to provide further opportunity to prevent recurrence, and may also provide non-clinical benefits, such as improved wellbeing. Based on the review of available published evidence into the effectiveness of the Well Leg regime, we conclude that there is scope for further studies, including a comparison with other existing treatment and prevention protocols.

Comparative Analysis of Anthropometric Characteristics and Body Composition among Elite Female Futsal Players in Montenegro, North Macedonia and Croatia

Anthropometric characteristics and body composition play an important role in achievements in most sports, however, there are still no specific recommendations on anthropometry-body composition for women in futsal. The research aimed to determine differences in anthropometric characteristics and body composition between elite female futsal players, members of the best futsal clubs in Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Croatia. The sample of respondents consisted of 30 elite female futsal players. The first sub-sample consisted of players from Montenegro (n=11, 19.18±2.44 yrs), the second sub-sample consisted of players from North Macedonia (n=10, 18.10±3.03 yrs), and the last sub-sample was consisted by players from Croatia (n=9, 20.33±5.17 yrs). Anthropometric characteristics and body composition were evaluated by a battery of 11 variables: body height (BH), body mass (BM), triceps skinfold (TS), biceps skinfold (BiS), back skinfold (BS), abdominal skinfold (AS), upper leg skinfold (UlS), lower leg skinfold (LlS), body mass index (BMI), fat percentage (FP), and muscle mass percentages (MP). Based on the ANOVA and post-hoc tests, findings showed that have differences between the groups in 4 anthropometric parameters such body height, body mass, abdominal skinfold, and muscle mass percentages. Female futsal players from Montenegro and Croatia have significantly higher results in parameters such as body height, body mass, and muscle mass percentages. While futsal players from Montenegro have significantly higher abdominal skinfold values than Croatia. The results suggest that there is some difference in anthropometry- body composition between groups of female futsal players, but for more complete conclusions an analysis should be performed on a larger sample of high-level female futsal players. However, despite that, this research made a significant contribution because it was the first to identify differences in anthropometric characteristics and body composition among elite female futsal players from different countries in this part of the world. In this way, it has opened the doors for further research into the anthropometry of female futsal players in this region.

Relationships between the magnitude of representational momentum and the spatial and temporal anticipatory judgments of opponent's kicks in taekwondo.

For successful actions in a fast, dynamic environment such as sports, a quick successful anticipation of a forthcoming environmental state is essential. However, the perceptual mechanisms involved in successful anticipation are not fully understood. This study examined the relationships between the magnitude of representational momentum (RM) as a forward displacement of the memory representation of the final position of a moving object (which implies that observers perceptually "see" a near future forthcoming dynamic environmental state) and the temporal and spatial anticipatory judgments of the opponent's high or middle kicks in taekwondo. Twenty-seven participants (university taekwondo club members and non-members) observed video clips of taekwondo kicks that vanished at one of 10 frame positions prior to the kick impact and performed three tasks consecutively: anticipatory coincidence timing (CT) with the arrival of kick impact, judgment of the kick type (high and middle kicks) by forced choice, and judgment of the vanishing frame position (measuring RM). Our results showed significant group effects for the number of correct kick-type judgments and the judgment threshold for kick-type choice (kick-typeJT), which was estimated in terms of individual psychometric function curves. A significant correlation was found between the magnitude of RM (estimated at kick-typeJT) and kick-typeJT, but not between the CT errors (estimated at kick-typeJT) and kick-typeJT. This indicates that the magnitude of RM may play an influential role in quick kick-type judgments, but not in coincidence timing while observing an opponent's kick motion. These findings suggest that subjective anticipatory perception or judgment of the future spatial state is vital to anticipatory actions under severe time constraints.

How did organ donation in Israel become a club membership model? From civic to communal solidarity in organ sharing

Figuring out what pushes individuals to become organ donors has become the holy grail of social scientists interested in transplantations. In this paper I concentrate on solidarity as a determinant of organ donation and examine it through the history of organ donation in Israel. By following the history of transplantation policies since 1968 and examining them in relation to different types of solidarities, this paper leads to a nuanced understanding of the ties between solidarity and health policy. Attempts to foster an all-encompassing consensus on the definition of brain death yielded the Transplantation and the Brain-Respiratory Death Laws of 2008. It was hoped that a wide “civic solidarity” would render Israel self-sufficient in its organ economy. However, the failure of the law led to the breakdown of civic solidarity in organ donation. As a result, initiatives such as the priority policy and non-directed living organ donations, developed out of a narrower conception of solidarity. Juxtaposing these initiatives sheds light on macro level processes for policy makers and suggests solidarity as a key bioethical concept to understand organ donation policies.

Gender stereotypes and their correlates: the moderating role of voluntary sports club membership.

This study examined the correlates of gender stereotypes and the moderating role of membership in a voluntary sports club. Drawing on the contact hypothesis, this study argues that gender stereotypes are lower when individuals regularly have the opportunity to meet and play sport with such people, for example in a voluntary sports club. Survey data from the European Values Study are used for the analysis (n = 36,185; 30 countries). Gender stereotypes are measured with statements on gender role attributes. Regression results show that membership in a voluntary sports club, being a student, income, and living in a more gender equal country significantly reduce gender stereotypes. On the contrary, male gender, living in a partnership, having children, lower and medium education, part-time employment, self-employment, unemployment, being a home maker, and living in a small town are correlates of higher gender stereotypes. Interacting the latter correlates with sports club membership support its moderating effect in the sense that most correlates turn insignificant or have smaller coefficients. The only variables retaining their coefficient size are self-employment and living in a small town. The findings support the contact hypothesis and suggest that sports clubs are places that lessen gender stereotypes.

The impact of digitalisation on professional football clubs

In the current digital economy, every sort of organization today must invest in dig-italization in order to remain competitive, to enhance business operations, and to increase profitability. Even within professional football clubs, the use of new tech-nologies has become essential, both from a sports point of view, to improve play-ers' performance and team results, and, from an economic point of view, to im-prove company management and increase revenues. The objective of this study, which employs a quantitative research approach, is to identify the sporting, economic, and financial performance measures on which the digitalization of these sectors has a significant impact. Digitalisation was analysed from the perspective of intellectual capital, a general indicator of digitalization was created and calculated for each of the 20 Serie A clubs. It was then associated with the key economic, financial, and sporting performance factors. The analysis showed a significant positive correlation with the following variables: i) final placement; ii) number of goals scored in the season; iii) turnover; iv) annual costs of players and coaches; and v) annual costs of players and coaches plus their depreciation. These results provide insight into how digitalisation is pivotal for professional football clubs and may prove useful for managers and board mem-bers of such clubs, academic researchers and practitioners.

스크린골프 동호회 참가자의 여가경험과 가치지향성에 관한 탐색적 연구

This study aims to investigate the leisure experiences and value orientations of participants in a screen golf club using a qualitative research method called the constant comparison method. A total of 8 screen golf club members in Chungcheong Province participated in this study, selected based on theoretical sampling. The data collected for this study were analyzed using the constant comparison method, which is commonly used in qualitative research. The findings are as follows. Firstly, the participants’ leisure experiences in screen golf were characterized by the symbolism and accessibility of golf, as well as constraints on women’s leisure. Secondly, the participants’ value orientationsin screen golf were manifested through the pursuit of victory and quantified competitiveness, as well as interpersonal relationships.

Assessment of physical capacity level in recreational athletes

Introduction: In the majority of the available source materials, research on the level of physical capacity of athletes concerns members of sports clubs and national teams, in a word, professional athletes. Does this mean that such research should not be conducted on recreational athletes? Of course not. The main aim of this article was to assess physical capacity (based on VO2max) in recreationally active people from the Podkarpackie region of Poland. The authors intended to determine whether practicing recreational sports without adequate technical facilities and staff influenced the course of their training and achievements.Material and Methods: The study involved 413 participants (body height 174.5 9.5 cm; body weight 73.4 20.3 kg) aged 18-60 years. Each participant followed the same treadmill test protocol and completed a questionnaire survey related to the number of injuries sustained. To determine the level of fitness, AT (VT1), RCP (VT2), VO2peak, and HRmax were determined during the study.Results: Based on the Powers and Howley classification, almost 50% of the participants were classified in the subgroup with the highest possible peak oxygen uptake (41.4%). More than one in four participants had a peak oxygen uptake at a very good level (28.3%), nearly one in five at good (18.9%), while more than one in ten reached an average (9.4%), low (1.5%), or very low (0.5%) levels. Individuals with multiple injuries achieved significantly higher scores on average in contrast to those without injuries (p=0.004).Conclusions: Physically active people have a high above-normal level of physical capacity, despite the recreational form of their sport. The study showed the importance of research on physically active people not only in the context of fitness. This group includes outstanding individuals achieving high performance similar to professional athletes.

Soccer and Disability, Is It Possible? Analysis of the Learning and Coaching Context in Spain.

Coaching a youth soccer player is important, and the coach's role is key. Actually, there is no profile or coaching program for grassroots-soccer coaches that favor the practice of soccer and disability, according to different research and experts. The main purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the professional profile of the grassroots-soccer coach who has soccer players with disabilities (learning and coaching context). This research applies a quantitative method, specifically, non-experimental, cross-sectional, descriptive, and inferential methodology. The sample of analysis is the staff members of the professional soccer clubs of LaLigaSantander Genuine (Spain). An important result is that half of the grassroots-soccer coaches have not received specific education to coach youth soccer players with disabilities. Finally, one important conclusion of this research is that by generating a climate of trust and empathy, grassroots-soccer coaches improve the performance of their soccer players with disabilities by recognizing and understanding their emotional states.

The effects of hypothetical behavioral interventions on the 13-year incidence of overweight/obesity in children and adolescents

BackgroundIn view of the high burden of childhood overweight/obesity (OW/OB), it is important to identify targets for interventions that may have the greatest effects on preventing OW/OB in early life. Using methods of causal inference, we studied the effects of sustained behavioral interventions on the long-term risk of developing OW/OB based on a large European cohort.MethodsOur sample comprised 10 877 children aged 2 to < 10 years at baseline who participated in the well-phenotyped IDEFICS/I.Family cohort. Children were followed from 2007/08 to 2020/21. Applying the parametric g-formula, the 13-year risk of developing OW/OB was estimated under various sustained hypothetical interventions on physical activity, screen time, dietary intake and sleep duration. Interventions imposing adherence to recommendations (e.g. maximum 2 h/day screen time) as well as interventions ‘shifting’ the behavior by a specified amount (e.g. decreasing screen time by 30 min/day) were compared to ‘no intervention’ (i.e. maintaining the usual or so-called natural behavior). Separately, the effectiveness of these interventions in vulnerable groups was assessed.ResultsThe 13-year risk of developing OW/OB was 30.7% under no intervention and 25.4% when multiple interventions were imposed jointly. Meeting screen time and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) recommendations were found to be most effective, reducing the incidence of OW/OB by -2.2 [-4.4;-0.7] and -2.1 [-3.7;-0.8] percentage points (risk difference [95% confidence interval]), respectively. Meeting sleep recommendations (-0.6 [-1.1;-0.3]) had a similar effect as increasing sleep duration by 30 min/day (-0.6 [-0.9;-0.3]). The most effective intervention in children of parents with low/medium educational level was being member in a sports club; for children of mothers with OW/OB, meeting screen time recommendations and membership in a sports club had the largest effects.ConclusionsWhile the effects of single behavioral interventions sustained over 13 years were rather small, a joint intervention on multiple behaviors resulted in a relative reduction of the 13-year OW/OB risk by between 10 to 26%. Individually, meeting MVPA and screen time recommendations were most effective. Nevertheless, even under the joint intervention the absolute OW/OB risk remained at a high level of 25.4% suggesting that further strategies to better prevent OW/OB are required.

Membership of environmental clubs impacts students' awareness and understanding of environmental problems, knowledge and connectedness to nature

The study examined the impact of environmental clubs on secondary schools’ students with the aim of determining students’ awareness of environmental problems, knowledge and connectedness to nature. It is a cross-sectional survey. A structured, self-administered questionnaire was used. Seven (7) public schools were randomly selected for this study. A total of 457 students of public schools who were both members (313) and non-members (144) of environmental conservation clubs were surveyed in Akure. Data were analyzed descriptively while the hypothesis was tested with independent- test and simple linear regression. Level of awareness of environmental problems among the students was higher with members of environmental conservation clubs having a higher level of awareness than non-members. It also revealed that the respondents’ knowledge about nature was low and were more knowledgeable on the latest method of biodiversity conservation (297 respondents), State bird of Nigeria (265 respondents), and what is biodiversity (255). Members of environmental conservation clubs also had higher knowledge about nature than non-members. The respondents’ connectedness to nature was very high, members of conservation clubs had higher levels of connectedness to nature than non-members. The study suggests that students’ membership of environmental clubs impacts positively on their awareness of environmental problems, knowledge and connectedness to nature. It is recommended that the role of environmental clubs is made more relevant within the curriculum so as to empower students’ with skills to promote more environmental awareness, knowledge and connectedness to nature.

Dropout &amp; Prevention in Fitness Sports

High drop-out rates in sports programmes, both health and therapeutic sports, are not exceptional. Long-term retention of active athletes is a problem. This is equally true for fitness training in fitness clubs, where about half of the active individuals drop out prematurely. The aim of this study is to create a comprehensive inventory of the dropout problem and the prevention of it in fitness sports. From the results obtained, recommendations for action can be derived to increase customer satisfaction in fitness facilities and thus reduce the dropout rate in the long term. Methodologically, a review of the relevant literature was conducted in this study. When analysing various research results, it was found that dropping out of a sports programme always depends on several factors. Characteristics of dropping out of sports activity can be personal as well as situational and structural. While it is often possible to identify individual reasons that ultimately tip the balance in favour of quitting, this is usually influenced by a complex set of factors. The reason that fitness club membership fees are too expensive is found at the top of the list in all known studies, followed by the statement that the time spent on sport is too much. Relocation, job and family reasons, other hobbies and, last but not least, health reasons are then usually found in the further course of the lists of dropout reasons. All these reasons seem plausible, but they may also be feigned. They are often difficult to verify by those responsible in the fitness clubs and usually have to be accepted as such. They are rather unsuitable for use in successful dropout prevention. At most, stated health reasons can play a role for preventive measures, but not if serious diseases are involved. Essential demands on the management of a fitness club are therefore the creation of a good social atmosphere during training, time-efficient training programs, fun during the training, fulfilment of training goals and intensive support mechanisms. Only sensible innovations, market-oriented behaviour and flexibility can lead to future success in the fast-moving fitness market.

Pengaruh Metode Drill Terhadap Peningkatan Keterampilan Servis Panjang Bulu Tangkis Pada Atlet PB Macan Tunggal

This study aims to determine the effect of the drill method in improving the badminton long serve skills of PB Macan Tunggal club members. The method used in this study is an experimental method with a one group pretest and posttest design. The subjects used in this study were 30 members of the PB Macan Tunggal club. Sampling used Total Sampling and Ordinal Pairing by grouping the samples into two groups. The first group was the experimental group which was given treatment, while the control group was not given any treatment. The implementation phase of this study provided an initial test to find out the initial data from each sample using the badminton long serve measurement test. Furthermore, treatment was given using a drill with a net target and a field target drill which was carried out for 14 meetings and finally given a final exam to find out the final sample data. The experimental group's frequency distribution data includes an average initial test of 20.47, a final test of 34.93, a minimum initial test, a final test of 17, a maximum of 21 initial tests, a posttest of 25, a final test of 45 Std. The initial test deviation is 2,416, the final test is 7,245. The frequency distribution data for the control group includes an average initial test of 37.73, a posttest of 64.47, a minimum initial test of 26, a final test, a maximum pretest of 55, a final test of 80 Std. The deviation from the initial test is 8,787 to the final test is 10,769. By meeting the requirements of the homogeneity test and normality test, data analysis employed the t test. test. The results of the t-test in the experimental group obtained a significance value of 0.00 &lt;0.05. Then the results of the t-test in the control group obtained a significance value of 0.00 &lt;0.05. So it was concluded that there was an effect of increasing the long service badminton service on members of the single tiger PB club.