Types Of Media Research Articles

Behind the lenses: Biases in the contribution of wildlife photography to biodiversity representation

Abstract Nature‐related visual media has a significant impact on today's society by engaging the public in conservation problems and promoting pro‐environmental behaviours. Although major attention has been paid to how some types of visual media (e.g. documentaries) offer unrealistic portrayals of the natural world, biases on representation by wildlife photography remain unexplored. In the present study, we assessed biases in wildlife photography at spatial, temporal, taxonomic, conservation status and selection criteria scales, and modelled the factors influencing the probability of portrayed organisms winning a wildlife photography contest by using data on 1333 pictures featured in the Wildlife Photographer of the Year, one of the most popular wildlife photography competitions worldwide. The representation of biomes mostly coincides with their extension on the planet. However, we detected an overrepresentation of temperate (broadleaf and conifer), Mediterranean and tropical forests. We detected a positive change over time in representing historically neglected taxa, such as insects. We also detected an increase in representation of Mangroves, Marine Ecosystems, Tundra and temperate forests and grasslands. Mammals and birds were overrepresented in photographs while insects and plants were underrepresented, and so were species listed as ‘Least Concern’ and ‘Data Deficiency’. The top 10 ranking species included charismatic carnivore species. Our results showed that the jury's choice offered a more diverse representation of biodiversity than the people's choice, and the winning photographs showcased fewer taxonomic groups than the non‐winning pictures. Realm, domain and colourfulness influenced the probability of an organism's picture being winner, but the variability explained by our model reflects that there are a large number of unexplored determinants (e.g. socio‐economical, technical or emotional). Our research detected a trend towards a more balanced representation of the natural world in wildlife photography, although biases are yet large, which may influence people's perception of the current status of species and habitats they encompass. Our results highlight a need to evenly represent species and ecosystems to increase public awareness, which requires providing data on species identity and conservation status to increase public knowledge. Finally, we underscore the need to report compliance with ethical guidelines when photographing wildlife. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

Study on the effect of acid fracturing fluid on pore structure of middle to high rank coal

Acid fracturing fluids can effectively improve the microporous structure of coal, thereby enhancing the permeability of coal seam and the efficiency of gas drainage. To explore the effects of acid fracturing fluids on the pore structure modification of coal samples from different coal ranks, hydrochloric acid-based acid fracturing fluids were prepared and used to soak four types of medium to high-rank coal in an experiment. High-pressure mercury intrusion and liquid nitrogen adsorption techniques results demonstrated that the acid fracturing fluid can effectively alter the pore structure of coal. However, the modification effect does not exhibit a linear relationship with coal rank. The porosity of fat coal and coking coal increased by approximately 30%, while the surface area of gas coal and fat coal increased by about 20%. The new micropores produced by the acid fracturing fluid will increase the roughness of the fracture surface, but the widening of the original fracture will reduce the tortuosity of the fracture. Only the fractal dimension of lean coal has a significant change, about 6%. Overall, acid fracturing fluid has the best effect on gas coal and coking coal. The research results provide a reference for the selection and application of acid fracturing fluid in coal seam hydraulic fracturing.

Can the Forestry Sector in Jiangsu Province Gain Competitiveness Under Impoverished Forest Resources?

Jiangsu province’s forestry industry offers valuable insights for resource-poor regions in China. This study aims to determine the competitiveness of different forestry sectors in Jiangsu province and identify the industrial structural changes in this context. The shift-share method is employed to analyze the primary, secondary, and tertiary forestry industries, encompassing 17 sub-sectors, and investigate the industrial regional types. By combining location quotient values and inter-sector characteristics, the leading sectors are identified. The findings reveal that the Kuznets facts and the Engel effect in the industry structure have facilitated the process of increasing the value of ecological products; this is particularly evident between 2002 and 2018, as well as in 2021. Within the primary forestry industry, the Flower cultivation sector and the Economic forest product sector emerge as the leading sectors, outperforming the national growth effect by 7.18 and 1.02 times, respectively. In the secondary forestry industry, the Wood processing sector, the Furniture manufacturing sector, the Wood paper-making sector, and the Non-timber forest product sector mostly show the Progressive types as the leading sectors from 2006 to 2020. The tertiary industry’s regional types fluctuate from the Progressive type to the Medium type, with the Forestry tourism sector, the Ecological service sector, and the Non-forestry service sector displaying leading industry characteristics. Recommendations for enhancing inter-sector integration include fostering collaborative agglomeration, unlocking the potential value of wetland resources, and strengthening cross-industry integration through e-commerce clusters to improve the forester’s e-commerce operational capabilities.

Cultivating Public Perception and Policy Initiatives: Understanding the Impact of Environmental Journalism through Focus Group Discussions and Secondary Data Analysis

Influencing public opinion and policy requires environmental media coverage of significant environmental concerns. Through a multidisciplinary approach that incorporates focus group talks and secondary data analysis, this study examines how environmental journalism affects public opinion and policy formation. The views, awareness, and feelings of participants toward environmental journalism were investigated in the focus groups, which were analyzed using NVivo. When it comes to covering climate change and other global environmental challenges, responses showed that environmental journalism is thought to have a positive influence on public opinion and policy decisions. By pointing out that digital media is more effective than print and broadcast media at raising real-time awareness, participants emphasized the disparities in media types. Public action is inspired and empathy is evoked by emotional narrative in environmental journalism, such as that which covers natural disasters. Divergent opinions on how to strike a balance between impartiality and advocacy in environmental media were also found by the survey. Notwithstanding the support for advocacy, a few respondents voiced worries about biases, especially sensationalism and framing, which they believed to be detrimental to public trust. The public was regarded to be greatly engaged by social media and citizen journalism, despite problems with misinformation. Key themes and framing strategies were found through secondary data analysis of environmental news coverage, offering insights into how media sources influence environmental discourse. Overall, the results point to the possibility of enhancing public engagement and contributing to well-informed policy decisions through more focused reporting on environmental issues and cooperation with scientists and legislators. Policymakers, media experts, and environmental journalists who want to solve urgent environmental issues with effective media techniques can find value in this research.

The Influence of Anonymity and Social Ties on Personal Experience Sharing: A Comprehensive Mixed-Methods Study

Personal experiences are widely shared and varied among types of social media. This study aims to understand how social ties (acquaintance & stranger) and anonymity (real-name & anonymous) of social platforms affect users' willingness to share and post content in dimensions of details, privacy, valence, and arousal. In a scenario-based experimental design, we analyzed 525 posts written by 27 participants under different relationship and anonymity conditions using a comprehensive mixed-methods approach. Quantitative data suggests that relationship and anonymity interact to influence users' self-disclosure: disclosing to acquaintances with real names or to strangers anonymously is more willing. The qualitative evaluation shows that acquaintance platforms have more positive posts with details, and posts on anonymous platforms include more information but with less control of negative valence and arousal. In addition, positive self-experiences shared on social media are more specific and intensive but increase privacy risks. These findings can guide the design of social media to boost ready and safe self-experience-sharing behavior.

Impact of Simulated Gastrointestinal Fluid: Viscosity, Surface Tension, and pH on the Dissolution and Rheology Assessment of Viscosity of Two Commercial Candesartan Cilexetil Products.

The aim of this study was to ivnestigate the effect of simulated gastrointestinal viscosity, surface tension, and pH on the dissolution rate of two commercial candesartan cilexetil (CC) products. In vitro dissolution of two commercial CC products and immediate release of 16 mg of CC were applied under two conditions: (1) the requirements of the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) and (2) conditions physiologically related to the gastrointestinal tract mimicking viscous food intake. The solubility of CC in different simulation fluids was also measured. The dissolution media's viscosity, surface tension, and pH were also measured. The viscosity of the gel layer was measured during CC dissolution. The CC dissolution rate was highest in the USP medium. It was found that the media type affected CC dissolution. The non-USP media exhibited a slower dissolution rate than the USP specification. The highest viscosity media lowered the dissolution rate in one of the CC products. Acidic pH showed a significant decrease in dissolution for both CC products. The solubility of CC was affected by solvent type (p value < 0.001). Higher viscosity media slow the dissolution rate of a product, where a gel layer forms on the tablet surface.The results show variation in the dissolution media. This may reveal differences in the dissolution rates of the same drug in different products and media. Considering, viscosity's effect on dissolution might improve patient outcomes when treated with different products.

In vitro Germination and Mass Multiplication of an Endangered Medicinal Orchid Bulbophyllum crassipes Hook. f. from Bangladesh

An efficient procedure for mass multiplication of an epiphytic medicinal orchid from Bangladesh Bulbophyllum crassipes was established by in vitro seed culture. Seeds obtained from immature pods of B. crassipes were cultured on four different types of nutrient media viz. MS, PM, modified VW and B5. The maximum percentage of seed germination (90.75 ± 0.61) was recorded on MS where various plant growth regulators (PGRs) were used either individually or in combination for secondary protocorm development and multiple shoot buds (MSBs) induction. Secondary protocorm were developed from primary protocorm on MS with BAP, Kn and NAA. The highest number of secondary protocorms (21.07 ± 0.12) were obtain from primary protocorm in MS with 1.0 mg/l Kn and 0.5 mg/l NAA. Here 1.0 mg/l BAP and 0.5 mg/l NAA showed the best performance on plant height (3.64 ± 0.07 cm). Maximum multiple shoot buds (8.40 ± 0.26) per single shoot were developed on MS with 1.0 mg/l BAP and 0.5 mg/l NAA. For root induction single shoots were sub-cultured on ½ MS supplemented with NAA, IAA and IBA. Maximum root induction (6.50 ± 0.29) and its growth (4.11 ± 0.08 cm) was observed on ½ MS supplemented with 1.0 mg/l IAA. The well rooted plantlets were acclimatized and successfully transferred to pot containing coconut husk, brick pieces and charcoal at a ratio of 2:1:1 for further growth and development. Plant Tissue Cult. &amp; Biotech. 34(2): 93-104, 2024 (December)

Associations of time spent on different types of digital media with self-rated general and mental health in Swedish adolescents.

Although previous studies have suggested an association between digital media use and health, detailed knowledge about how different types of digital media impact adolescent health is limited. This cross-sectional population-based study explored the relationship between time spent on various digital media and adolescents' self-rated general and mental health. The study included 3566 Swedish high school students aged 16-17 years. Associations between time spent on digital media (social media, gaming, watching movies/series/video clips etc. and digital schoolwork) and self-rated health outcomes (general health, self-esteem, symptoms of worry/anxiety and low mood/depression, trust in other people, head/neck/shoulder pain and sleep quality) was assessed. Statistical analyses employed logistic regression models adjusted for covariates (sociodemographic variables and health behaviours). In the adjusted models, spending very high amounts of time (≥ 6h/day) on any digital media, except schoolwork, was associated with poor self-esteem, symptoms of low mood/depression and poor sleep (ORs 1.35-2.93, p < 0.05). Spending six hours or more on digital media was also associated with worry/anxiety (for social media and gaming), head/neck/shoulder pain (for social media, watching movies/series/video clips and schoolwork), poor general health (for gaming and watching movies/series/video clips) and low trust (for gaming) (ORs 1.39-3.18, p < 0.05). High amounts of time (4-5h/day) of watching movies/series/video clips was associated with daily symptoms of low mood/depression, neck/shoulder pain, and low trust in other people (ORs 1.46, 1.41, and 1.32, p < 0.05). This study indicates a dose-response relationship between digital media use and adverse health outcomes in adolescents, where adverse associations start to appear after 4-5h, particularly for watching movies/series/video clips. However, further longitudinal studies, randomized controlled trials and public health interventions focused on healthy and balanced use of digital media are warranted.

Three Generations, Voices of Memory: Holocaust Studies Through Podcasting

ABSTRACT This article explores how modern media, specifically podcasts, can be used in the fields of Holocaust research, education, and commemoration, highlighting their educational potential. Based on the recent experience of creating the podcast Holocaust: Three Generations (2022), this study focuses on the potential educational contribution to presenting the topic of inheritance or intergenerational transmission of the Holocaust as a lived experience in families of survivors. The article aims to detail the steps of the podcast’s creation, the launch of the podcast, as well as some data on the distribution and reactions it received. A case study based on one chapter (out of five) illustrates how the podcast brings together the voices of three generations in one family in order to illuminate intergenerational experiences and legacies. The article demonstrates the potential of this type of medium to contribute digital works of Holocaust memory, offering an advantageous tool for education and commemoration.

Point process analysis of geographical diffusion of news in Argentina.

The diffusion of information plays a crucial role in a society, affecting its economy and the well-being of the population. Characterizing the diffusion process is challenging because it is highly non-stationary and varies with the media type. To understand the spreading of newspaper news in Argentina, we collected data from more than 27 000 articles published in six main provinces during 4 months. We classified the articles into 20 thematic axes and obtained a set of time series that capture daily newspaper attention on different topics in different provinces. To analyze the data, we use a point process approach. For each topic, n, and for all pairs of provinces, i and j, we use two measures to quantify the synchronicity of the events, Qs(i,j), which quantifies the number of events that occur almost simultaneously in i and j, and Qa(i,j), which quantifies the direction of news spreading. Our analysis unveils how fast the information diffusion process is, showing pairs of provinces with very similar and almost simultaneous temporal variations of media attention. On the other hand, we also calculate other measures computed from the raw time series, such as Granger Causality and Transfer Entropy, which do not perform well in this context because they often return opposite directions of information transfer. We interpret this as due to the characteristics of the data, which is highly non-stationary, and of the information diffusion process, which is very fast and probably acts at a sub-resolution time scale.

Speed breeding advancements in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.): a simplified and efficient approach for accelerating breeding programs.

This study investigated the potential of extended irradiation combined with immature embryo culture techniques to accelerate generation advancements in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) breeding programs. We developed an efficient speed breeding method by applying light-emitting diodes (LEDs) that emit specific wavelengths, alongside the in vitro germination of immature embryos under controlled environmental conditions. The experimental design for light treatments followed a 2 × 4 completely randomized factorial design with four replications, incorporating two safflower varieties, Remzibey-05 and Dinçer, and four LED treatments (white, full-spectrum, red + blue + white, and control). A lighting regimen of 22 h of light and 2 h of darkness was applied for all the LED treatments, whereas the control received 18 h of light and 6 h of darkness. Additionally, the immature embryo culture experiment used a 2 × 2 × 4 factorial arrangement, assessing two safflower cultivars, two media types, and four embryo developmental stages, with three replications. The parameters evaluated included plant height, branch number, seed number per plant, seed number per head, time to flower initiation, time to 50% flowering, time to harvest, and germination percentage of in vitro cultured immature embryos at various developmental stages. The harvest time among the light treatments ranged from 50.62 to 73.12days, with the shortest time achieved under the red + blue + white LED combination and the longest under the control treatment. The plant height, number of seeds per plant, and number of seeds per head were highest under the full-spectrum LED, control and red + blue + white LED combinations, respectively. Immature embryos rescued at 10dayspost-pollination presented a 57% germination rate, with an increasing trend in germination as the number of dayspost-pollination increased. The germination rates did not significantly differ across varieties or hormone treatments. This study demonstrated the potential to achieve six generations per year by combining prolonged illumination with targeted LED lighting and immature embryo culture techniques. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing safflower growth and development and advancing speed breeding in controlled environments.

Optimization of Shoot Regeneration and Agrobacterium-mediated Transformation in Strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa)

Efficient methods of plant transformation and tissue culture are essential for the genetic engineering and advanced molecular breeding of plants, but neither is well established in cultivated octoploid strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa). In the present study, a method for shoot regeneration was established and optimized for two genetically different strawberry cultivars, Sweet Sensation® Florida 127 (FL127) and Florida Brilliance (FB). Runner segments at the tip, node, and petiole obtained from greenhouse-grown plants were used as explants for comparisons of shoot regeneration rate. ‘FL127’ showed the highest frequency of shoot regeneration in the optimized condition, whereas ‘FB’ showed the best response to a lower concentration of N6-benzyladenine (BA) (0.01 mg/L) in the same media type. The average conversion frequencies of somatic embryos into shoot regenerations from the runner tips (RTs) were 42.8% in ‘FL127’ and 56.9% in ‘FB’, respectively. Using these optimized tissue culture conditions, Agrobacterium-mediated CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing was conducted to examine the efficiency of transformation and target gene editing for the phytoene desaturase, FaPDS, in the cultivar, FL127. A total of 234 explants inoculated with Agrobacterium harboring Cas9-FaPDS resulted in an 80.3% callus induction efficiency, with 13.3% of regenerated plants exhibiting partial or complete albino phenotypes. Amplicon sequencing of edited progeny showed mutations (substitutions, insertions, and deletions) at the guide RNA (gRNA) target sites or flanking regions of all FaPDS homoeologous copies. Our results provide effective tissue culture and transformation methods for strawberry functional genomics research and gene editing guided cultivar improvement.

Awareness and acceptance of menstrual cups and the factors associated with it among healthcare professionals in Wolaita Zone, South Ethiopia: institution-based cross-sectional study

ObjectiveTo explore awareness and acceptance of menstrual cups and associated factors among healthcare professionals in Wolaita Zone, South Ethiopia.DesignInstitution-based cross-sectional study.SettingThe current study was carried out among governmental health facilities...

A General Strategy for Controllable Preparation of Nano-CaCO3.

Controllable preparation of inorganic nanomaterials with specific morphology and structure is very important for their applications in various fields. Herein, a general strategy was proposed to controllably synthesize nano-CaCO3 via a water-in-oil microemulsion method in the rotating packed bed reactor. By tuning key parameters, nano-CaCO3 with four primarily analyzed morphologies, including spherical, spindle-like, clustered, or linear formations, can be selectively obtained. The diameters of the nanospheres are adjustable within the range of 4-20 nm, and the lengths of the nanowires can be tuned from 100 to 800 nm. Notably, nano-CaCO3 with four crystal forms, amorphous, vaterite, aragonite, and calcite, can also be controllably synthesized. Importantly, these prepared nano-CaCO3 have excellent dispersity, which can be well-dispersed in dozens of types of liquid media to form transparent or semitransparent nanodispersions. This work provides a general method for producing nanomaterials, enabling precise control over the desired morphology and structure and ensuring commendable dispersibility, which can greatly foster broader preparations and applications of nanomaterials in the fields.

Utilization of Hydrolysis of Protein Concentrates Prepared From the Waste of Common Carp Fish using Trypsin Enzyme for the Growth of Lactic Acid Bacteria

This study aimed to use trypsin enzyme hydrolysates of protein concentrates prepared from the waste of common carp fish (Cyprinus carpio) for the growth of lactic acid bacteria. Trypsin enzyme has been used in the hydrolysis of acid and base protein concentrates for various times, including 60, 120, and 180 minutes. The solubility and emulsification property of the produced hydrolysates was studied. The EAI and ESI at pH 2 and 12 gave the highest values for solubility, , while the lowest values at pH 4. Hydrolysates were used to prepare culture media as an alternative to the MRS medium. Peptospecial and Beef extract were replaced in the commercial media with hydrolysates, and two types of culture media were prepared, one containing yeast extract and the other without it. The enzymatic reaction time had a significant effect on the number of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium animalis colonies, and yeast extract had a significant effect on the number of colonies of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. In contrast, the enzymatic reaction time had not affected the number of colonies of Lactobacillus plantarum and Bifidobacterium infantis. This study is recommended to study the response of other types of lactic acid bacteria and the suitability of the culture media prepared in this study to their growth requirements.

The Effects of the Quality of Media Contact Experience on Xenophobia and Digital Citizenship by Media Types: Focusing on Middle School Students in Seoul

The Effects of the Quality of Media Contact Experience on Xenophobia and Digital Citizenship by Media Types: Focusing on Middle School Students in Seoul

Pemanfaatan Media Digital dalam Menarik Minat Siswa di SD/MI Terhadap Pembelajaran PAI

This study aims to examine the utilization of digital media in attracting the interest of elementary and Islamic elementary school (SD/MI) students in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning. The primary focus of this research is to identify effective types of digital media, their application methods, and the impact of their use on students' interest and understanding. The study employs a qualitative approach with a literature review method, using research data sourced from articles indexed in Google Scholar and Sinta. The findings reveal that various forms of digital media, such as audiovisual media, e-learning platforms (WhatsApp, Google Classroom, Zoom), storytelling, animations, YouTube, and the Shofun application, have been implemented in PAI learning. The utilization of these media can enhance students' motivation, creativity, and understanding of PAI materials. However, several obstacles are identified, such as teachers' limited understanding of technology and infrastructure constraints. The positive impacts of using digital media include facilitating material delivery, increasing student interaction, and overcoming spatial and temporal limitations. This study provides recommendations for educational practitioners to optimize the use of digital media to support more effective and engaging PAI learning for students

The association between social comparison in social media, body image concerns and eating disorder symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Research has found that high social media use is associated with a greater tendency to compare oneself with others, which in turn may heighten body image concerns and problematic eating behaviours. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the mean association between online social comparison and body image concerns, eating disorder behaviours and positive body image. Eligible articles published between 2008 and 2024 were searched for in scientific databases. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the direct correlation between social comparison and body image and eating disorder outcomes. Results from 83 studies with 55,440 participants indicated that the weighted average correlation between higher online social comparison and greater body image concerns was significant (r = .454; 95 % CI = 0.409-0.498), as was the correlation between higher social comparison and eating disorder symptoms (r = 0.36; 95 % CI: 0.28-0.43). The mean association between higher social comparison and lower positive body image was also significant (r = -0.242; 95 % CI: -0.329 to -0.155). Meta-regression analysis revealed that the quality of studies, type of social media, country, type of social comparison, percentage of female participants moderated the associations. Findings revealed a moderate size association between higher online social comparison tendencies and worse body image and eating disorder symptoms outcomes, highlighting the need to develop interventions and policies to minimize appearance comparisons on social media.

Uncovering latent profiles of political news consumers and their associations with political views and their extremity

Abstract In today's high-choice media environment, the relations between news consumption and (extreme) political views receive extensive attention. While social media and news aggregators are often blamed for political polarization, theories from media psychology highlight the importance of additional aspects of news consumption, aside from the media types used, in impacting the formation of political views and thereby, for instance, polarization. However, these aspects are typically studied in isolation, neglecting the heterogeneity in where and how news can be consumed. Based on this observation, the present work investigated the conjoint relations of various aspects of news consumption across media types with political views and their extremity. Study 1 included two samples of N = 714 (sample 1) and N = 721 (sample 2) participants completing an online survey assessing political news consumption habits and general political views, namely, ideology and affective polarization. Study 2 included two samples of N = 725 (sample 3) and N = 713 (sample 4) participants completing scales on issue-specific political views, namely, attitudes on war and the war against Ukraine. Latent Profile Analyses revealed four mostly media type-specific news consumer profiles replicated across samples, indicating that individuals choose one media type, like social media, aggregators, or print media, and devote considerable time to consuming political news from various sources, including attitude-incongruent news and diverse perspectives, from the same selected media type. While these profiles differed on sociodemographic and personality variables, few significant relations were found between these profiles and political views. These findings highlight the complexity of these relations and challenge the assumption that only certain media types, and news consumption via them, drive political extremity.

Social Media as an Effective Tool for Remote Services of Digital Libraries

The aim of the article is to reveal peculiarities of using social media (social networks, video hosting, etc.) as a modern toolkit of digital libraries in the context of the remote services development. Research methods. The methods of analysis and synthesis, logical, system-structural and comparative methods are applied, which contribute to systematising and generalising theoretical and methodological foundations of the remote services development of digital libraries; studying of popular practices of Ukrainian libraries in social media; identifying peculiarities of using different types of social media in library activities. The method of cognitive analysis is applied in order to highlight basic characteristics of social media as tools of remote services of digital libraries. Using the methods of deduction and generalisation contributes to the formulation of research conclusions. Scientific novelty. Features of applying various types of social media in library activity at the current stage are studied; the basic characteristics of social media as tools of remote services of digital libraries are clarified; the specifics of using social media (social networks, video hosting, podcasts, etc.) as a modern toolkit of digital libraries in the context of the development of remote services is clarified. The most effective types of social media in the context of the specifics of the remote services development of digital libraries in Ukraine are identified. Main conclusions. Having led to revolutionary changes in information and communication practice, social media becomes an integral part of library activity at the present stage. Social media provides libraries with an opportunity to engage users in multifaceted communication while promoting library services and resources beyond geographic boundaries and physical library spaces. Features of social media usage (social networks, video hosting, podcasts, etc.) as a modern toolkit of digital libraries in the context of the development of remote services are the following: promotion of services (notifications about news, relevant items from the collection and library events); connections with library users; provision of library programmes and services 24/7 regardless of territorial location; possibilities of creating corporate communication in order to improve the library service, etc.