Types Of Media Research Articles

Pre-operative triAge proCedure to streaMline elective surgicAl patieNts (PACMAN) improves efficiency by selecting patients eligible for phone consultation: A retrospective cohort study.

Pre-operative screening is a high volume task consuming time and resource. Streamlining patient flow by gathering information in advance reduces costs, optimises resources and diminishes patient burden whilst maintaining safety of care. To evaluate whether 'Pre-operative triAge proCedure to streaMline elective surgicAl patieNts' (PACMAN) is able to improve pre-operative screening by selecting patients eligible for evaluation by telephone. A single-centre, retrospective, observational cohort analysis. A tertiary medical teaching hospital in 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands. Adults scheduled for clinical interventions under procedural sedation and all types of elective medium or low risk surgery with anaesthetic guidance were eligible. Patients answered a questionnaire to calculate the PACMAN score. This score combined with risk factors related to surgery determines suitability for phone consultation (PhC) or the need for an in-person consultation (in-PC). Evaluation of standard care. Primary outcome was the reduction in number of in-PCs. Secondary outcomes included reliability of PACMAN, peri-operative patient outcomes and cost-effectiveness. Of 965 patients triaged by PACMAN, 705 (73.1%) were identified as suitable for a PhC. Of those, 688 (97.6%) were classified American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status (ASA-PS) I to II or III with stable comorbidities. Of the 260 in-PC patients, 47.4% were classified ASA-PS III with unstable comorbidities or ASA-PS IV. The overall incidence of unanticipated adverse peri-operative events was 1.3%. Finally, implementation of PACMAN led to a 20% increase in pre-operative department efficiency due to better deployment of personnel and resources. Implementation of PACMAN resulted in a 73.1% reduction in pre-operative in-PCs at our hospital. Given the increasing pressure on healthcare systems globally, we suggest developing further optimisation and integration of smart triage solutions into the pre-operative process. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT06148701.

Reflections on Limiting Social Media Use and Mental Health

The relationship between social media use and mental health has been well documented. A study by Bradley et al. (2023) examined whether reducing social media use to 30 minutes per day would improve mental health, but found no significant improvements, partly due to participants’ lack of adherence to study instructions. The current study examines qualitative responses to an open-ended reflection question from participants of this previous study. Most participants struggled to limit their social media use, largely because of benefits social media use provided and perceived consequences of not using social media. Many participants wanted to limit their social media use, despite most failing to do so during the study. Participants who did limit their social media use experienced improved mental health when limiting. Additionally, many participants had negative opinions about social media use, such as increasing social comparison, though positive and mixed opinions were also reported. This study suggests social media use limiting interventions may not be viable, and that different types of social media use must also be considered. Additionally, research viewing social media use as only having negative impacts is inaccurate; this study demonstrates that there is a continuum of effects it may have.

Educational media utilization for rehabilitation among community-dwelling stroke survivors and their caregivers: a pilot study

Background: Recently, there has been an increasing number of stroke patients. Those who survive still need continuous rehabilitation after being discharged from the hospital. The information and knowledge on stroke rehabilitation at home is crucial for these patients and their caregivers. However, there has never been a study of educational media on rehabilitation for those patients and their caregivers in Thailand. Objective: To explore the educational media used in stroke rehabilitation, list their benefits, and the most satisfying media type for stroke participants and their caregivers after hospital discharge. Materials and methods: Twenty-eight stroke patients and twenty-one primary caregivers from two Subdistrict Municipalities and two Districts in Chaing Mai province were recruited using purposive sampling methods. All participants were aged 18 years and over and could communicate in Thai. All the stroke participants had no cognitive impairment screening by the Mental Status Examination-10 (MSET-10) and had self-rehabilitation therapy at home. A Questionnaire on the use of educational media in stroke rehabilitation with the index of item objective congruence (IOC) range between 0.67-1.00 was used for data collection. The statistics used were descriptive. Results: Stroke patients used information obtained primarily from medical personnel in the community (78.57%), while caregivers used advice from medical personnel the most in the hospitals (57.14%). Regarding the highest satisfaction with educational media, 59% of stroke patients and 42% of caregivers were satisfied with advice from medical personnel in the community. Stroke patients revealed that using a combination of advice from medical professionals, brochure-based media, and only document media was the most beneficial in providing knowledge about rehabilitation. For caregivers, the use of a combination of advice from medical professionals along with paper and video media, and the use of knowledge gained from online channels were the most beneficial. Conclusion: Rehabilitation education materials used by stroke patients and their caregivers at home offer the highest level of satisfaction for the patients and caregivers if the medium of people who can give advice and communicate on issues meets their needs. In addition, patients and caregivers agreed that rehabilitation education should include more than one form of media for maximum benefit. Therefore, health professionals should consider the format of educational media appropriate to the needs of service recipients to be able to use them most effectively.

A digital study on predictive factors for Instagram users' engagement with amber necklace-related posts.

This study aimed to assess the engagement of Instagram users with Brazilian Portuguese posts related to amber necklaces for teething symptoms relief, identifying predictive factors that can increase users' engagement with information and misinformation. This digital study analysed Brazilian Portuguese amber necklace-related posts on Instagram. The posts were collected using specific search strategies on CrowdTangleTM. Subsequently, two independent investigators were trained and calibrated to categorise the posts concerning the proposed outcomes. The posts were categorised according to their facticity (information or misinformation), type of media (album/photo or video/Instagram TV), sentiment (positive, neutral, or negative), author's occupation (dentist or non-dentist), and type of profile (commercial or personal). Additionally, investigators compiled information about the time of publication (days) and interaction metrics (total interaction and overperforming score). The statistical analysis assessed the inter-examiner reliability, group comparisons, and the factors associated with interaction and misinformation. P values <0.05 were considered significant. Videos and personal profiles were predictive factors for higher user engagement with amber necklace posts on teething symptoms relief on Instagram, even with the warnings of health organisations and the lack of scientific evidence to confirm its efficacy.

Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Assembler Terhadap Motivasi dan Prestasi Belajar Siswa pada Materi Sistem Pernapasan

Media is a form of communication that aims to send messages from the sender to the recipient in oral or written form. According to Sriyanti, the types of media that are often used in learning include; print media, practical media, interactive media, E-Learning and M-Learning. The aim of the research carried out was to determine the effect of using assembler media on student motivation and learning achievement in respiratory material. This research used research and development methods. This is a research method used for a particular product and testing the effectiveness of the product. The increase in students' conceptual understanding reflects the positive influence of Assembler media on student learning achievement. Apart from that, the use of this media also has the potential to increase students' learning motivation, although direct evaluation of motivation was not carried out in this research. However, positive responses from students to such media can be considered as a potential indicator of increased motivation

Gender Distribution of Course Material Authors in a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine Program.

The gender distribution of authors in the health sciences literature has been well documented. We explored whether this distribution persists among library course reserves for a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine program, as course reserves are veterinary faculty members' own teaching materials. Such a bibliometric analysis of course reserves provides a novel method of examining curricular materials. In the Fall of 2022, researchers collected the library's current course reserve metadata, including fields, such as author names and material types. Binary gender was determined based on a variety of sources: traditional naming conventions, gender presentation in photographs, pronouns in signatures, and biographies. Of the 167 exported authors, 162 were included for further analysis in SPSS. Course reserves' authors were analyzed by collaborators and media type. The dichotomous gender distribution of first authors was 76% male/ 24% female. Female first authors were more likely to have collaborators than male first authors (39% vs 26%). When collaborations did occur, first and second authors had the same gender at a significantly higher rate. Exploring author gender across material type, we found that generally, the first author gender ratio remained 3 males to every female. Contextualizing these results in the framework of contemporary health sciences literature, we found that the gender disparities in course reserves to be unsurprising, while still disappointing.

Media influence on public trust during crises: A comparative analysis of different media types and trust dimensions

Media influence on public trust during crises: A comparative analysis of different media types and trust dimensions

Impact of Item Songs in Hindi Films on Psychological Well-Being of Young Women in Pakistan

Movies are a popular form of mass media that helps shape ideas, develop images, and reinforce dominant cultural norms. The structure of the "lyrics and dance moves" of item songs objectifies women in the most humiliating ways. In Pakistan, there is massive viewership of Hindi films. This study focuses on the impact of Hindi item songs on the psychological wellbeing of young women in Pakistan. It also investigates the perception of self among young women after watching Hindi item songs. The study used the survey method to consider 150 female participants (aged 17-30 years). The findings of the study suggest that participants of the survey admire the self-confidence of the “item girl” portrayed in item songs, and they also see her as an “independent woman”. Though they do not prefer to watch item songs with family, they love to use it as a celebration song at weddings, parties and other gatherings and also like to perform on such songs compared to different songs. The study concludes that despite some otherwise conceptions, young women in Pakistan are convinced by the “depiction of confident women” in Hindi item songs. The uses and gratifications hypothesis posits that individuals consume various media types because they anticipate obtaining certain gratifications from such choices.

Mass Media and Communication

Mass communication can be defined as the process of using mass media to send messages to large audiences for the purpose of informing, entertaining or persuading. In many respects the process of mass communication and other communication are same. Someone conceives a message, essentially an intrapersonal act. The message then is encoded into a common code such as language. Then it is transmitted. Another person receives the message, decodes it and internalizes it. In other respects, mass communication is distinctive. Crafting an effective message for thousands of people of diverse backgrounds and interest requires different skills than chatting with a friend across the table. Encoding the message is more complex because a device is always used, for example a camera or recorder. We shall first take up the print media because that happens to be the original type of mass media in India. We shall then give an account of radio, film and TV as media of mass communication in India, their spread, reach, people’s access to these media and their impact on the society. New technologies made their entry during 1970s and 1980s. They are video, cable and satellite TV.

Impacts of Adding Porous Media and Phase Change Material on Performance of Solar Water Distiller System Under Iraq Climatic Condition: An Experimental Study

ABSTRACTThis current investigation involves an experimental inspection of adding porous medium and phase change material (PCM) above the absorber surface to enhance the performance of a single slope and single basin solar water distiller system. To demonstrate the effectiveness of adding porous medium and PCM, the performance of the modified system and conventional system is compared under similar operating conditions. The system that uses porous medium and PCM is called MSS‐FPP, whereas the conventional system is called MSS‐F. Rectangular fins are fixed above the absorber plate for both models. For MSS‐FPP model, three different types of porous medium (stones, nuts, and black glass balls) are used in addition to paraffin wax filled inside circular tubes as a PCM. The data are collected in November and December 2023 in Mosul City, Iraq. The experiments are carried out under different water depths. The findings confirm that the performance of MSS‐FPP model is better than MSS‐F model by 41.32% (for water depth 3 cm) and 30.61% (for water depth 5 cm). The results also indicated that the water productivity of MSS‐FPP model is higher than MSS‐F model by 41.67% (for water depth 3 cm) and 30.65% (for water depth 5 cm). For MSS‐FPP model, the maximum water productivity and efficiency are obtained when using black glass balls as compared to nuts and stones types, where the highest water temperature and water productivity values are found equal 54°C and 1.01 kg/m2 for water depth 3 cm. The enhancement in the performance of modified solar water distiller system (MSS‐FPP) shows that using a porous medium and PCM has considerable impacts on the evaporation rate, heat exchange, and rate of heat transfer.

PATRIARCHAL ERASURE AND MANUFACTURED PASSIVITY: ASYMMETRIC GOVERNMENT AND NEWS MEDIA ATTENTION TO PROTESTS IN CHINA

Is media attention to protest events gendered, and what is the relationship between gender, media, and protest? Using novel big data from Chinese social media, Weibo, spanning 2010-2017, this study offers the first systematic analysis of gender bias in media selection and description of protests in China and establishes the “gender-protest-media triad.” In accounting for this gender bias, we distinguish between two types of media accounts on Weibo: government and news media outlets. The results indicate that women-majority protests, despite being more violent and risky, are less likely than men-majority protests to receive coverage in both government and news media outlets (media selection bias). Furthermore, when reporting on women-majority protests, government media sources tend to describe them as more passive than men-majority protests (media description bias). Our research establishes the “gender-protest-media triad”: (1) Women participate violently in protests as a reactive response to exploitation and marginalization; (2) Women's protests are disproportionately underreported and misrepresented in the media; (3) Such patriarchal media bias deprives women protesters of the public attention and resources necessary to pressure institutions for redress of their grievance. This triadic cycle is symptomatic of what we term the “paternalist stability model”: A mode of governance converging patriarchal logics with neo-Confucian stability maintenance, central to the maintenance of patriarchal hegemony in China and throughout the Sinosphere.

The Parental Involvement and Learning Media in Health Education for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) affects social communication and behavior, requiring specialized approaches for health education. Parental involvement and the type of learning media play a significant role in health education outcomes for children with ASD. This study examines the relationship between parental involvement, learning media (digital vs. traditional), and health education outcomes for children with ASD. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 83 parents of children diagnosed with ASD. Data were collected through structured questionnaires assessing parental involvement and the type of learning media used. Bivariate analysis was performed to examine associations between these variables. Most parents (78.3%) were female, and 55.4% used digital learning media. Children with high parental involvement had significantly higher self-care scores (mean = 7.6, p&lt; 0.01) compared to those with lower involvement (mean = 6.3). Digital media was more effective than traditional media, with children using digital tools showing a 30% increase in health knowledge (p= 0.02). The combination of high parental involvement and digital media use produced the best educational outcomes (mean = 8.1, p = 0.001). High parental involvement and the use of digital learning media are positively associated with better health education outcomes in children with ASD. Interventions targeting increased parental engagement and enhanced access to digital learning media could improve health education for children with ASD.

Motivations for Using Religious Digital Media: A Hierarchical Regression Analysis Among Jordanian University Students

This study investigated the factors influencing motivations for using religious digital media (RDMUM) among 330 Jordanian university students through hierarchical regression analysis. The analysis revealed that demographic factors, particularly age and gender, significantly predicted motivation, with younger individuals and males showing higher engagement. Educational level, explicitly having a BA degree, also influences motivation, whereas university location and specialization do not have significant effects. The type of digital media used (websites, social media, podcasts) does not significantly impact motivation, although a negative association with Twitter suggests that platform-specific characteristics may affect engagement. Prior knowledge and specific interests in Islamic thought, faith, and jurisprudential topics are strong motivators that highlight the importance of content relevance and depth. The final model, which explains 49% of the variance in the RDMUM, underscores the robust explanatory power of the included variables. These findings emphasize the need for tailored content to address user interests and knowledge levels. Content creators and practitioners can leverage these insights to develop more engaging and effective religious digital media, ultimately enhancing users’ engagement and satisfaction. Moreover, this study's potential to inspire and guide future research in this field is significant and contributes to the academic community's understanding of religious digital media.

Effect of finishing and polishing systems on surface roughness and color stability of aesthetic restorations exposed to staining solution.

The color and the surface roughness of aesthetic restorations are related to the clinical sucess and longevity of these treatments. Aim: This study evaluated the influence of finishing and polishing systems, and storage media on the surface roughness and color stability of aesthetic restorative composites. Materials and Method: Cylindrical specimens (n=10) were prepared and treated according to: 1. Type of composite resin (nanofilled- Filtek Z350XT, suprananofilled- Estelite Omega, nanohybrid- Empress Direct); 2. Type of finishing and polishing systems (no polishing, aluminum oxide discs or abrasive rubber polishers); and 3. Type of immersion medium (water or coffee, 3 h/day/30 days). Surface roughness (Ra - μm) and color stability (L, ΔEab, and ΔE00) were evaluated at baseline (after polishing) and final time (after immersion). Data were subjected to Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon, and Student-Newman-Keuls tests (α=0.05). Results: Nanohybrid (p<0.001) and suprananofilled composite resins (p=0.004) showed an increase in Ra after polishing, regardless the finishing and polishing system. After immersion in coffee, the nanofilled composite had the highest roughness values (p=0.032). L values increased for all resins after polishing (p<0.05). Suprananofilled composites had the greatest color stability with the lowest values of ΔEab and ΔE00. Conclusions: Finishing and polishing systems had an impact on the surface roughness and color stability of all aesthetic resins, and their effectiveness depended on the type of composite resin.

The effect of a warmed enema during ovum pick-up on subsequent in vitro oocyte maturation in Southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum).

Rhinoceros are currently one of the most threatened mammal species globally. Slow population growth, increased poaching and habitat destruction have led to increased conservation efforts for each species. Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) have been implemented in an attempt to aid reproductive outputs for the conservation of these endangered species. Developing species-specific ART programmes for wildlife have been challenging. Temperature control during oocyte recovery is essential for ensuring in vitro success. This study is the first to investigate the effect of enema warming prior to trans-rectal ovum pick-up (OPU) on in vitro oocyte maturation in Southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum). OPUs were performed on 20 rhinoceros cows from three different game farms in South Africa; oocytes were transported to one of two in vitro fertilisation laboratories for culture. The enema fluid was either warmed to 32 °C or not warmed prior to the OPU. Location of the farm, the different laboratories, ambient temperature, season, aspiration probe temperature, media type and enema temperature were investigated as predictor variables for oocyte maturation success. After considering all other potential covariates, warming of the enema fluid was the only independent predictor of in vitro oocyte maturation success during this study. Oocytes retrieved from rhinoceros cows that received an enema warmed to 32 °C were 2.3 times more likely to mature in vitro compared to oocytes from cows that received an unwarmed enema; the findings can be implemented in other rhinoceros ART programmes and in conservation efforts of other endangered mammalian species.

The effect of hydrogen peroxide and subsequent resveratrol application to CAD-CAM blocks on the cell viability of fibroblasts.

The aim is to assess viability of fibroblasts exposed to 2 CAD-CAM blocks and a nanohybrid resin after application of hydrogen peroxide (HP) and resveratrol with 2 extraction media at 24h, 48h, and 72h. Eighteen specimens were obtained from Lava Ultimate (LU), Vita Enamic (VE), and Grandio (GR). Specimens of each material were divided into 3 groups (material only, bleached, resveratrol applied) for 2 extraction media as artificial saliva (AS) and phosphate buffer saline (PBS) (n = 3). For bleached group, 40% HP was applied to specimens for 20min twice. For resveratrol group, 0.5µM resveratrol was applied after bleaching for 10min. Mouse fibroblast cells were exposed to extracts of each group. The viability of cells was determined with MTT assay at 24h, 48h, and 72h. Cell viability data (%) were analyzed statistically using one-way ANOVA, and post hoc Tukey test. Bleached materials showed the lowest cell viability (PBS; p < 0.01/ AS; p < 0.001). There is no statistically significant difference between resveratrol applied and bleached groups (PBS; p = 0.14/ AS; p = 0.072). Regardless of period of time and procedure, GR showed lower viable cell numbers than LU and VE (p < 0.001). Viable cell numbers were higher at 24h than at 72h (p < 0.001). There was no statistically difference between AS and PBS (p > 0.05). For all materials, the application of resveratrol did not affect the cell viability which decreased after bleaching over time. The decrease in nanohybrid resin was more critical than hybrid CAD-CAM blocks. The type of extraction media had no effect on cell viability results.

Four hours with dad, but 10 minutes with mom: variations in young children's media use and limits based on parent gender and child temperament

IntroductionResearch on children's media use has disproportionately focused on maternal reports of use. As such, we know little about how mothers' and fathers' reports of children's media use align, how such reports might be related to parental beliefs about the benefits of media for children, or the potential differential impact of child characteristics, such as temperament and gender.MethodUsing a sample of 210 low-to-moderate income, racially and ethnically diverse families, we asked new mothers and fathers about their child's media use and limits at 9, 18 and 24 months of age.ResultsOn average, reports of co-use of media, children's use of media alone, exposure to background television, diversity of daily media use, and use of media for behavior management did not significantly differ between mothers and fathers and were moderately correlated, r(df) = 0.2–0.7. However, comparisons within dyads found that parents did not often agree on their child's media use. Couples also tended to report different limitations on use, with fathers reporting much larger time limits. For both mothers and fathers, stronger beliefs in the benefits of media when children were infants were predictive of more reported media use at 24 months. Infant negative emotionality was predictive of the use of media for behavior management for both mothers and fathers, and for other types of media use for fathers.ConclusionParents of the same child reported media use over the first two years differently, which may indicate informant effects in media research or actual differences in young children's media use with each parent. Given the risks of media use in early childhood to displace important developmental processes, understanding young children's media use within the family system is important.

Investigation of bi-directional relations between pre-sleep electronic media use and sleep: A seven-day dairy study

The current study aimed to examine the bi-directional relationships between pre-sleep electronic media use and sleep, and to assess the relative predictive strength of different types of electronic media use in the evening on subsequent sleep. Eighty-eight young adults (20.57 ± 0.99, 27 males) completed an online intake survey and received notifications to complete daily diaries for seven consecutive days. Results of dynamic structural equation models (DSEM) revealed that the total screen time, sleep onset time, sleep latency, sleep duration, and sleep quality showed significant positive autoregressive parameters. In contrast, the results revealed no statistically significant cross-lagged associations between the total screen time in the evening and sleep outcomes. Inspection of the predictive strength of various types of screen activities at the within-person level revealed that increased active social media use is linked to delayed sleep onset, while internet browsing is associated with shorter sleep latency. At the between-person level, screen time of T.V. watching, video streaming, social media use, and shopping correlated with delayed sleep onset. Shopping was also connected to longer sleep latency. Additionally, more time spent on T.V., video streaming, non-work internet browsing, and shopping was linked to reduced total sleep duration. These findings indicated a screen activity-dependent association between pre-sleep screen time and subsequent sleep. More objective assessments of electronic media use (e.g., app recording screen time) and sleep (e.g., actigraphy) and longitudinal monitoring over a relatively long period (i.e., several weeks or months) are warred to further elucidate (cross-lagged) relationships between electronic media use and sleep.

Smartphone and Self-Harm: A study of TikTok Use as a Risk Factor

In recent years, the use of social media and the internet has become an inseparable part of everyday life, especially among adolescents. Social media offers a variety of benefits, including ease of communication, access to information, and entertainment. However, concerns have emerged about its negative impact on mental health, especially in relation to self-harm behavior. Adolescents often imitate the trend of self-harm and join in posting the results of scratches on social media. The aim of this study was to determine variations in self-harm in adolescents which are related to the duration of internet use in one day and the use of social media. The research method uses a comparative descriptive approach and Two-Way ANOVA analysis to explore interactions between these variables. Data was collected through an online survey with a self-harm instrument consisting of 18 statements, with respondents choosing from 4 alternative answers available. The results of the analysis show that there are significant differences in self-harm behavior based on the duration of internet use per day and the type of social media used. Adolescents who use the TikTok platform show a higher self-harm score compared to other platforms, especially with longer duration of internet use. These findings indicate that the type and way of using social media has a significant influence on self-harm behavior.

Exploring the relationship between media use and depressive symptoms among gender diverse youth: findings of the Mental Health Days Study

BackgroundOver the past decades, media use has become a key aspect of young people’s daily lives, significantly shaping their social interactions, learning processes, and recreational pursuits. At the same time, healthcare professionals and researchers are increasingly concerned about the impact of media use on young people’s mental health. This concern is particularly relevant for gender diverse youth who may have distinct experiences with media that could impact their mental health uniquely compared to their peers, such as increased exposure to cyberbullying and negative content regarding their gender identity. This study aims to explore the associations between media use and depressive symptoms among youth and examine if gender moderates this association.MethodsThis study utilized a cross-sectional design involving a school-based sample of 8158 participants (Mage = 14.05 years, SD = 2.45, Ndiverse = 144) from Austria. Participants completed a survey assessing their media use and depressive symptoms using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Media use was measured by asking participants to report their daily usage in hours and minutes across various categories, including smartphone use, streaming services, social networks, and other media types. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine relationships between different forms of media use and depressive symptoms. Moderation analyses were performed using the PROCESS macro for SPSS to explore the role of gender.ResultsFor gender diverse youth, multiple regression analysis identified streaming services (β = 0.265, p = .005) and social networks (β = 0.189, p = .037) as significant predictors of depressive symptoms in gender diverse youth. Moderation analyses conducted with the entire sample showed that gender moderates the relationship between depressive symptoms and smartphone use (B = - 0.008, p = .014), with the effect being the most negative for gender diverse individuals.ConclusionThe findings underscore the complex relationship between media use and depressive symptoms among gender diverse youth, emphasizing the moderating role of gender. These results underline the need for gender-sensitive approaches in media literacy and mental health interventions. Stakeholders should be aware of risks and benefits of different media types to foster healthy media engagement.