Medium-term Planning Research Articles

Implementation of Good Governance in Development Planning in BAPPEDA Barru District

The results of this study indicate that the implementation of good governance refers to the three principles of good governance, namely yhe principle of accountability, the principle of transparency with future development planning including long-term regional plans, regional medium-term plans, and local goverment work plans involving all stakeholders. However, several inhibiting factors are still faced, including (1) sectoral ego (2) lack of quality human resources (3)invalid data (4) changing regulations.

Политика государственной поддержки и роль добровольчества в жизненных планах российских и белорусских студентов

The article reveals the role of volunteering in shaping the life plans of students in Russia and Belarus. Modern youth policy is aimed at actively and massively involving youth in various volunteer projects. Young people often get their first volunteer experience while studying at a university and it is important to understand how volunteering is included in the life plans of the most active youth groups – students. The authors analyze the results of a sociological survey of thirdyear university students in the Sverdlovsk region (Russia) and the Grodno region (Belarus) conducted in 2024 (N=3000, the sample is quoted by gender and educational profile of respondents). The life plans of Russian and Belarusian youth are studied, the characteristics and motivation of their volunteer activity are revealed. It is proved that Russian students prefer medium-term planning and practically do not use long-term prospects in their life strategies, while Belarusian youth are characterized by short-term planning mainly for the next year. The results of the study prove that the experience of students' volunteer activities has a direct impact on the horizon of their life planning.

Medium-term forecast of the dynamics of life attitudes of Russians

The article presents a method for forecasting trends in changes in mass consciousness in terms of life attitudes, i.e. those values according to which people try to build their lives. Modern applied sociology successfully uses the forecast of electoral and consumer behaviour of citizens. The time lag of forecast reliability: for electoral behaviour - 4-5 weeks, for consumer behaviour - up to a year. Forecasting for 10-20 years is practiced mainly in demography. It is more difficult to forecast changes in mass consciousness based on value attitudes of citizens. If we assume that the development of the state is evolutionary, then the combination of heuristic and mathematical methods allows us to forecast trends in the attitudes of the population aged 40 and older, as basic for the economic and political functioning of the state. In methodological terms, the article proposes a procedure for forecasting trends only, without claiming high accuracy of numerical indicators, with mandatory consideration of weak variability of basic numerical indicators measured as of 2024. To forecast trends, there were used data from an all-Russian representative sociological study, accumulated in integral indices, as well as in verbal constructs using factor analysis. The combination of these methods allowed to make a generally stable 20-year forecast of trends in changes in the life attitudes of Russians. As a tool for a detailed forecast indices as integrated indicators of the intensity and direction of a trend were used, and for a generalised forecast - verbal constructs formed on the basis of factor analysis. The choice of the subject of the forecast is based on the hypothesis that the "catalyst" of life attitudes are three components of life activity: the life trajectory chosen by the individual, including the preferred types of life activity; the identification of the individual with reference groups as a contact environment, a mechanism of value communication and self-realisation; the choice of forms of social behaviour by the individual based on the basic moral principles of people's life activity. These three aspects of the population's life activity are not only socially (phylogenetically), but also to a large extent biologically (ontogenetically) determined, therefore they are highly stable, that allows us to talk about the stability of the medium-term forecast of trends in the interval of up to 20 years. Thus, the article proposes the tested in an applied sociological study combined method of medium-term forecast of social groups' attitudes in a situation where repeated studies are not conducted to build a dynamic series of empirical indicators. The forecast presented in the article operates with indicators that are important for consideration in the practice of medium-term planning of the state’s social policy.

Stakeholders’ Perceptions on Influence of Energy Efficiency Practices Adopted on Economic Performance of Selected Small and Medium Sized Manufacturing Enterprises in Nakuru County, Kenya

The adoption of environmental policy among large manufacturing firms has been recognized for enhancing their economic performance. This is crucial for achieving Kenya's Vision 2030, the fourth medium term plan (2023-2027) and the Bottom-Up Economic Transformation Agenda (BETA) for Inclusive Growth. Despite the slow pace, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are now adopting these policies to reduce their environmental footprint. However, there is limited documentation on how these practices affect their economic performance. Hence, this study aimed at examining stakeholders' perceptions on the influence of adopting energy efficiency practices on the economic performance of selected manufacturing SMEs in Nakuru County. The study was guided by the ecological modernization theory (Win-Win principle). An explanatory sequential mixed-method research design was employed, targeting SME proprietors in the manufacturing sector with a sample size of 76 respondents. Descriptive and inferential statistics (linear regression) was used to analyze quantitative data, while content analysis was used to analyze qualitative data. The study found out that SMEs largely adopted the use of energy-efficient bulbs and turned off lights when not in use. However, they used solar lighting as an energy efficiency practice to a lesser extent because they consider this practice expensive. The study also found that stakeholders perceived that energy efficiency practices adopted had a significant influence on the economic performance of selected manufacturing SMEs. This finding implied that energy efficiency practices adopted by manufacturing SMEs would have an influence on SMEs economic performance. This study recommends that the government, both national and county should sensitize the SMEs as well as allocate financial and technical resources to support SMEs implement and upscale their energy efficiency practices within their operations. The focus of energy efficiency practices should be on those that reduce production costs and enhance competitiveness such as those that improve SMEs customer base

Information aggregation as potential for value addition to organizations: A review

In the development of Kenya Vision 2030 Third Medium Term Plan (MTP III) 2018-2022, the Blue Economy (BE) sector was recognised as one of the emerging economic fronts that are expected to significantly contribute to Kenya’s economic growth. Subsequently, there were calls to develop and manage a BE database. Despite these calls, there is currently no comprehensive database containing BE related data for Kenya, in an accessible manner to the public. As a response to these calls, our research team sought to explore different types of information aggregators. The study adopted exploratory design and reports the review of three aggregators. From the review results, the study proposed the design and development of a digital platform for aggregating information on the BE ecosystem in Kenya. The digital platform provides potential value addition to the host organisation in the form of: attracting external funding; raising its reputation and online visibility and adding value to the community.

Strategi Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Masyarakat Desa Melalui Agrowisata di Kabupaten Banyumas

Cikidang Village is located in Cilongok Sub-district, Banyumas Regency, Central Java Province. Cikidang Village is the smallest village that attracts attention because it is located along the Purwokerto -Ajibarang provincial road and is dominated by agricultural land. The Cikidang Village Government has a short-term plan to explore the village's potential which includes natural resources, economic assets, social and cultural heritage, and human resources through the development of community-based agritourism. The medium-term plan for Cikidang Village is set out in the draft RPJMDES 2020-2025. This qualitative research involved field observations, interviews and documentation. Key informants in this research include the Village Head, Village Secretary, and General Affairs Officer of the Cikidang Village Government, as well as other stakeholders such as the Head of Bumdes, Head of Farmer Groups, Local Entrepreneurs, Community Leaders, and external parties including the Banyumas Regency Youth, Sports, Culture & Tourism Office, and Banyumas Regency small and medium business associations. The results revealed the potential of natural resources that can be developed as agro-tourism objects, while the development of the Cikidang Village rest area functions as a tourist centre that promotes local products and culture of the village. Based on stakeholder analysis shows that the participation of various parties in the agritourism development plan in Cikidang Village. Strategies to empower the community economy through agritourism in Cikidang Village are formulated in three stages, namely creating a conducive atmosphere, effective village government management, and maintaining long-term sustainability.

Government Policy in the Field of Science: Legal and Financial Aspects

The main regulatory legal acts regulating the management of science in Russia,the transition from predominantly short- and medium-term planning of scientific, technological and technical development to long-term planning are considered. Despite the developed regulation in this area, issues of control over the implementation of decisions made, distribution of responsibility for failure to achieve set goals, and assessment of the effectiveness of the activities of scientific employees have not received proper answers.A comparative study of the financial aspects of state policy in the scientific field was carried out (including the structure of internal costs for R&D, the main indicators of science financing). Trends have been identified in the reduction of both the volume of funding for fundamental research, both in relation to GDP and in absolute terms, taking into account inflation (in constant 2000 prices), and in the number of enterprises involved in the financing and conduct of research and development.It is concluded that the concentration of government efforts on supporting applied research is not effective enough. Given Russia's leading position in the world in terms of the volume of government funding for R&D carried out by the business sector, the latter's share in the total volume of financing of domestic R&D costs has not increased.Hypotheses are formulated about the reasons for the insufficient effectiveness of the state policy of financing science and recommendations for eliminating them

Analysis of Costs in Assessing the Effectiveness of Cultural and Recreational Park

Introduction. The management of socio-cultural activities is complicated by evaluating the effectiveness of institutions in the socio-cultural sphere. Unlike the commercial sector, where results can be measured in monetary terms, results in the socio-cultural sphere can be more challenging to measure. The goal of this study is to assess the efficiency of the cultural and recreational park activities. Materials and Methods. Formal methods were used to calculate efficiency indicators and informal methods were based on heuristic approaches, comparison, grouping and summarizing data. The research materials included works of Russian and foreign scholars, practical data available on the websites of cultural and art institutions, and other media sources. The research object is the Municipal Autonomous Cultural Institution "City Park of Culture and Recreation" in Oryol city. The analysis of indicators is presented for the period of 2020-2022 based on analytical data from the park's website. The results include performance indicators of the park, algorithms for calculating the efficiency indicators and reporting values, the composition and structure of labor costs, the labor remuneration fund and its relationship with productivity. Measures are proposed to review the expenditure structure of the park in order to establish a system of program-oriented planning, distribution of expenses into tactical and non-tactical ones to strengthen the role and improve the methods of medium-term planning. Conclusions. Based on the effective cost management and the implementation of appropriate strategies and tools, efficiency assessment issues can be overcome and goals can be achieved.

Design of a mathematical model for staff planning in an emergency department

The emergency department plays a fundamental role in hospitals and critically affects a hospital's overall efficiency. Inadequate staff planning in emergency departments generates high costs, overcrowding, and patient dissatisfaction due to long waiting times, possibly putting the patient's health and life at risk. This research designed two mixed integer linear programming mathematical models. The first determined the optimal number of physicians required per shift and weekday in an adult emergency department to minimize the deviation between available and required capacity. The results of the optimization model would reduce by 16.07 % the required medical office staff per week, from 56 physicians in the current situation to 47, reducing staffing costs without impacting waiting times. Moreover, the overall physician utilization would be 95.01 % compared to 77.79 % in the current situation, indicating an adequate distribution of physicians on each shift of each day according to patient demand. These results contribute to the problem of high medical staff costs and overcrowding without sacrificing timeliness and quality of care. In contrast, the second model that minimized the number of physicians considering capacity constraints would increase the staff by 7.14 % concerning the current situation. This research was based on a model presented in the literature, but the objective function included the deviation variables as unrestricted in sign and a constraint to ensure that they were positive. The first model designed is presented as a tool to support emergency department managers in the medium-term planning of medical staff, ensuring an optimal solution to this problem

Application of Mining Width-Constrained Open Pit Mine Production Scheduling Problem to the Medium-Term Planning of Radomiro Tomic Mine: A Case Study

Application of Mining Width-Constrained Open Pit Mine Production Scheduling Problem to the Medium-Term Planning of Radomiro Tomic Mine: A Case Study

Outlines of the Science and Technology System: A Look into the Past for Forming Policy for the Development of the Next Generation Ecosystem. Part 2

Shifting from the description of landscape of the science and education system presented in the first part of the work as well as from identification of some values of the governing body (all these are needed for a situational study of trends, strengths and weaknesses), in this article we examine the system in a country case to find measures to overcome its accompanying nature with respect to economy. This is manifested in the diversion of management from what researchers and developers do, what they need, where and what goals to set, how to use the results obtained in the field of science and technology for the benefit of society, economy and person. By connecting the system to key building blocks, as well as functions and values they deliver, of a much broader innovation ecosystem, we are setting its next-generation outlines on the agenda. Systematic implementation of policies is based on a long-term vision, strategy and medium-term plans in the field of science, technology and innovation. Strategic decision-making requires greater clarity of the outlines of the future as a professional, and not just a political, consensus of stakeholders. To this end, taking into account the significantly increased pace and changed mechanism of technological renewal which have an impact on competitiveness, we use the method proposed by Startup Genome for ranking startup ecosystems. This method also identifies four stages of the ecosystem life cycle: activation, globalization, attractiveness and integration. We rely on concepts, historical and current practical examples to give high-level characteristics and formulate criteria and tasks for transformation of the startup ecosystem as a part of innovation ecosystem.

Ophthalmology Census 2021: A Demographic Characterisation of Ophthalmologists in Portugal.

Human resources in ophthalmology have recently received particular attention, and it has been questioned whether there is a sufficient number of workers. The aim of this study was to analyze and characterize Portugal's ophthalmologist population. In this descriptive, cross-sectional study, an online questionnaire was sent to all ophthalmologists registered with the Portuguese College of Ophthalmology in December 2021. Information on the following variables was collected and analyzed: demographic factors, professional qualifications, professional activity, weekly professional activity and medium-term plans. Among the 910 registered ophthalmologists, a response rate of 64.7% was achieved. There were 0.9 ophthalmologists for every 10 000 inhabitants, 0.45:10 000 working in the public sector (0.35:10 000 full-time equivalent). Among the respondents, 57.6% were over 50 years old (59.6% male), 97.3% were Portuguese, 46.7% completed their residency in the Lisbon region, 27.3% complemented their programme with additional training, 9.5% had a PhD and approximately 58% lived and worked in large urban centres. Regarding professional activity, 58.5% of the respondents worked in the public sector (4.2% exclusively), while 67.9% worked in different economic sectors. The median number of weekly working hours reported was 45 hours, with those in the public sector reporting 35 hours. Private/social sector work and public sector work accounted for 12 926 hours/week and 10 808 hours/week, respectively. It was found that 31.4% of the respondents provided emergency medical services and that 52.8% performed surgical procedures more than once a week. Looking ahead, 38.7% of the ophthalmologists intended to reduce their workload within the next five years due to family reasons, fatigue and demotivation. The projected rate of retirement or cessation of activity in the next five years was estimated to be 1.7%, while an average of 20 new ophthalmologists are expected to enter the profession annually, resulting in a generational balance of 0.8%. While the number of ophthalmologists in Portugal meets the international recommendations, there is a shortage in the public sector and most ophthalmologists work in large urban centres. The number of ophthalmologists in Portugal is expected to be stable for the next five years.

Challenging the Philosophical Axis Enactment in the Sustainability of Malioboro Street Vendors’ Relocation

In enacting its "Philosophical Axis", the Government of Yogyakarta forged a significant policy thattransformed its relations with community members especially street vendors. Under this policy,street vendors were relocated from their previous locations to sites known as Teras 1 and Teras 2Malioboro. Although the Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World HeritageConvention mandate the practice of sustainable development, street vendors—the economicbackbone of the Special Region of Yogyakarta—indicate that they have experienced a drastic loss ofincome due to accessibility issues. This research explores the impact of relocation on street vendors'income as well as short, medium, and long term plans for the new sites. Data were collected throughquestionnaires that were distributed to ninety respondents from Teras 1 and Teras 2, in-depthinterviews, and a review of the literature.

ANÁLISE DE ESTRATÉGIAS DE GESTÃO DO ECOSSISTEMA DO LAGO TONDANO NO NORTE SULAWESI, INDONÉSIA USANDO MÉTODOS SWOT E AHP

Purpose: The study aimed to analyze strategies for managing the ecosystem of Lake Tondano to prepare a medium-term plan for its management. Theoretical Framework: The Lake Tondano ecosystem has important economic and ecological functions for the economy and welfare of the people in North Sulawesi Province. The quality of the lake ecosystem continues to decline including water pollution, siltation of the lake, shrinkage of the area and other uses that do not consider aspects of ecosystem sustainability. Method: The analysis method used a combination of SWOT and AHP, with stakeholder participation. Data was obtained through literature study and focus group discussions (FGD) involving both formal and informal stakeholders. Results: The AHP analysis results indicate that simultaneous impact criteria are the main criteria for determining priority strategies. Conclusions: Thirteen strategies were formulated based on the SWOT analysis. The medium-term plan's management priority strategies have been determined based on the results of the AHP analysis. These strategies include: (1) Controlling the level of water pollution and household waste, (2) Revitalizing the lake, (3) Developing institutions for integrated lake ecosystem management, and (4) Planning the spatial layout of the lakes and their boundaries.

Financial Autonomy of Local Self-Government: Analysis and Assessing

The article considers issues related to ensuring the financial autonomy of local self-government. The purpose of this study is to systematize the theoretical foundations and develop practical recommendations for assessing the financial autonomy of local self-government and the directions of its strengthening in the current conditions of sustainable development. The study of the theoretical foundations of local self-government is deepened, namely, the role of the financial basis of local self-government in achieving the autonomy of local budgets is determined, the features of medium-term planning of local budgets are revealed. A model for assessing the financial autonomy of local self-government is proposed, which takes into account the indicators of budgetary autonomy in terms of revenues, budgetary autonomy in terms of expenditures, budgetary autonomy in terms of transfers and tax autonomy. In fulfilling the goal of this study, we used various methods of scientific research: monographic method in the process of studying the essence of financial autonomy; analytical method in the analysis of revenues and expenditures of the Sumy region budget; statistical method for calculating the coefficients of financial autonomy. The article analyses and evaluates the indicators of financial autonomy on the example of the budget of Sumy region for the period of 2018-2022. The strengths and weaknesses of the financial autonomy of the budget of Sumy region are substantiated. Risks and opportunities in strengthening the financial autonomy of local self-government of the Sumy region budget are identified on the basis of SWOT analysis. Among the vectors for strengthening, the financial autonomy of local self-government is the intensification of the processes of interaction between local development stakeholders. Type of article is empirical.
 The article considers issues related to ensuring the financial autonomy of local self-government. The purpose of this study is to systematize the theoretical foundations and develop practical recommendations for assessing the financial autonomy of local self-government and the directions of its strengthening in the current conditions of sustainable development. The study of the theoretical foundations of local self-government is deepened, namely, the role of the financial basis of local self-government in achieving the autonomy of local budgets is determined, the features of medium-term planning of local budgets are revealed. A model for assessing the financial autonomy of local self-government is proposed, which takes into account the indicators of budgetary autonomy in terms of revenues, budgetary autonomy in terms of expenditures, budgetary autonomy in terms of transfers and tax autonomy. In fulfilling the goal of this study, we used various methods of scientific research: monographic method in the process of studying the essence of financial autonomy; analytical method in the analysis of revenues and expenditures of the Sumy region budget; statistical method for calculating the coefficients of financial autonomy. The article analyses and evaluates the indicators of financial autonomy on the example of the budget of Sumy region for the period of 2018-2022. The strengths and weaknesses of the financial autonomy of the budget of Sumy region are substantiated. Risks and opportunities in strengthening the financial autonomy of local self-government of the Sumy region budget are identified on the basis of SWOT analysis. Among the vectors for strengthening, the financial autonomy of local self-government is the intensification of the processes of interaction between local development stakeholders. Type of article is empirical.

Modern Analyses of Macroeconomic Indices for Medium and Long Term Plans in Georgia

This paper analyzes the economic growth of Georgia through the lens of two key indicators: income/GDP per worker (representing productivity) and income/GDP per capita (representing prosperity). It emphasizes the importance of using Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) adjusted data to avoid misleading comparisons between countries with different price levels. The paper highlights three key stylized facts about Georgia's economy: Transformational Shock: Georgia's GDP per capita fell dramatically by 468% in less than ten years due to the collapse of the Soviet economic system. This is a unique event in modern economic history, with no other country experiencing such a sharp decline; Unstable Growth Rates: Unlike the U.S. which shows a relatively stable 2% annual growth rate over 150 years, Georgia's economic growth rates lack a clear trend and fluctuate significantly; Negative Correlation Between Cyclical Unemployment and GDP Gap: The cyclical unemployment rate and the GDP gap in Georgia are inversely correlated. As the unemployment rate falls below the natural rate of unemployment, the GDP gap widens, indicating potential overheating in the economy. The paper argues that existing models of economic growth, often based on developed economies with different macroeconomic realities, may not be suitable for analyzing Georgia's situation. It calls for the development of models that explicitly consider the unique features of Georgia's economy, including the transformational shock, unstable growth rates, and the relationship between unemployment and GDP. Overall, the paper raises important questions about the nature of economic growth in Georgia and the need for tailored models to understand its specific dynamics.

PROSPECTS FOR RUSSIAN-IRANIAN ENERGY COOPERATION

Due to the withdrawal of the United States under Republican President D. Trump in 2018 from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) to resolve the Iranian nuclear crisis, non-Western vector of foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) (China, India, Russia, Turkey and other states) has strengthened. It became particularly apparent with the coming to power of a conservative president close to the Supreme Leader of Iran, Ebrahim (Ibrahim) Raisi. Seeking to escape the foreign policy isolation and financial and economic sanctions pressure created by the United States and its allies, Tehran is increasingly participating in the activities of major international entities such as the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (Iran became a full member of the Organization on July 4, 2023), the Eurasian Economic Union (Interim Free Trade Agreement is in force) and BRICS (a member of the organization since January 1, 2024).Thus, Iran declares itself as a successfully developing regional center of power. The article pays special attention to the development of energy (with Russia, Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan), transport and logistics projects (with Azerbaijan, a railway through Iran to Nakhichevan) with neighboring countries. Under President Raisi new gas and oil fields were discovered. In the future they will ensure greater production and exports. With Russia, Iran in the medium term plans to realize swap gas supplies to Iran through the territory of Turkmenistan, as well as to create a gas hub on the coast of Makran to export its own and Russian energy carriers to the countries of South and Southeast Asia. The government of I. Raisi pays special attention to the development of the Macran Free Economic Zone (FEZ) and the FEZ of Kish Island. At the same time, this is a significant territory not only in geo-economic, transportation and logistics, but also in military terms: the seaports of Chahbehar and Jask are geostrategic at the crossroads of energy communications of the Middle East and South (and further Southeast) Asia.

Agricultural clusters in the regional development strategic planning system

The world experience of the development of integration processes shows that integrated enterprises are more efficient and adapted to the conditions of the market economy due to the creation of a single progressive process of manufacturing and promoting products from their producers to end consumers. In today's conditions, the country has not yet developed a system innovation development mechanism. A comprehensive solution to the problem of innovative development of the agricultural sector is the formation of a cluster policy at both the state and regional levels. Adjustment of state and regional strategic plans and target programs considering the cluster initiative will allow to achieve the target strategic guidelines for the development of the agricultural cluster, to ensure the implementation of the goals and objectives of the development of the territory of the region. Strategic planning for the development of the region's economy, including the agricultural and processing sectors, should be based on the peculiarities of the territory, considering the disparities in the development of individual districts. The established sectoral and territorial structure of the Mykolaiv region and the natural and climatic conditions of the region determine the directions of clustering of the agricultural sector and the limits of influence of cluster structures as growth points. The implementation of the project of the formation and development of an agrarian cluster in the system of strategic management of the Mykolaiv region requires a review of the provisions of the main strategic plans of regional development, the "Strategy for the development of the Mykolaiv region for the period up to and including 2027", as well as medium-term plans and programs, strategies of industry direction and targets programs of regional and sectoral development. Keywords: clustering, agricultural sector, economic development, regional policy, strategic planning.

ПРОГРАМНО-ЦІЛЬОВИЙ МЕТОД В УПРАВЛІННІ ТА ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННІ КОНТРОЛЮ ЗА ВИКОРИСТАННЯМ ДЕРЖАВНИХ ФІНАНСІВ

The management of public finances is carried out in accordance with the established and defined recommendations, but the main task of the activities of public institutions is to ensure the corresponding social effect of the activities of a particular institution. However, in the BKU, when determining the main powers of managers of budget funds in the management of budget funds, the task of ensuring the targeted use of budget funds is established. The purpose of this article is to study the features of the application of the program-target method by state institutions, as well as the formation of theoretical and methodological recommendations for improving budget planning based on the investigated features. Summarize information about the essence of the concept of the program-target method in state institutions and the features of its application by various state institutions. And also to systematize the main aspects of budget planning in the management of state finances, which will ensure the formation of relevant and effective information on the activities of state institutions and the results of implementation of budget programs. The peculiarities of the application of the programtarget method by state institutions were studied, and based on the results, theoretical and methodical recommendations were formed for the improvement of budget planning based on the studied peculiarities. Information on the essence of the concept of the program-target method in state institutions and the features of its application by various state institutions is summarized. Statistical information on the use of the program-target method by state institutions for the period 2015–2023 was also systematized and analyzed, since it is actively implemented in state institutions by all managers of budget funds both at the level of state budget implementation and at the level of local budgets. However, enough problems remain unsolved regarding the monitoring of the use of funds and the effectiveness of implementation of budget programs in medium-term planning. Since the implementation of the program-target method during management decision-making by the main managers of budget funds is aimed at increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of budget programs through the ratio of the use of budget funds and the quality of the services provided, i.e. ensuring the social effect.

Theoretical research on carbon emission factors of distributed smart distribution network under high proportion of renewable energy access

In the context of the “dual carbon” goal, a high proportion of renewable energy connected to the grid to replace traditional high-carbon units has become a general trend. Taking the high proportion of renewable energy power system as the research object, the medium and long term planning of the installed capacity of source, grid, load and storage of power system is carried out considering the two dimensions of investment and operation maintenance, and the optimization model of source, grid, load and storage of power system is established. A low-carbon dispatching model considering carbon emission and demand response of distribution network is also proposed. Firstly, considering the characteristics of distribution network receiving power from the main network, the carbon emission model of distribution network based on carbon emission flow theory is constructed, and the low-carbon index of distribution network is proposed. Secondly, the improved dynamic carbon emission factor of distribution network is proposed, which is used as a guide signal to provide reference for low-carbon electricity consumption of distribution network users. According to the characteristics of users in the distribution network, the industrial demand response model aiming at low dispatch cost and low carbon and the residential demand response model aiming at electricity consumption satisfaction and low carbon satisfaction are constructed respectively.