Medium-sized Industries Research Articles

The contribution of organizational learning and green human resource management practices to the circular economy: a relational analysis – Part I

PurposeThe goal of this research is to create a conceptual model that identifies the relationship between organizational learning and green human resource management practices and its contribution to the circular economy. The focus of this research is to identify the organizational learning and green human resource factors that lead to a more circular economic transformation.Design/methodology/approachThe importance of the interaction of factors benefiting both individuals and organizations has been comprehensively explained by combining two well-known theories: resource-based view theory and organizational learning theory. As learning entails change, a climate of organizational learning combined with green human resource practices will efficiently help firms transition to a circular economy. The authors establish a conceptual model in this study, which they then apply to the small- and medium-sized manufacturing industry and report on in the second paper.FindingsThis study concentrates on the factors of organizational learning and green human resource management practices that help to create a circular economy after conducting a thorough literature analysis and consulting with experts.Research limitations/implicationsThe conceptual model can be applied to organizations in any industry. In the second part, the authors would investigate the interaction of the indicated factors and build their structural hierarchy using the total interpretive structural modelling method for the small- and medium-sized industries and then present the findings.Practical implicationsThe proposed framework might facilitate decision-makers, practitioners and academicians to comprehend the relationship between organizational learning and green human resource management factors and their influence on organizations’ transition into a circular economy. The study’s findings will help HR managers clarify the significant organizational learning and green human resource management factors that play a vital role in transitioning organizations into a circular economy.Originality/valueThis research adds to our understanding of the intricate interactions between organizational learning and green human resource management as they relate to the circular economy. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the conceptual model illustrating the inter-relationship between organizational learning and green human resource management is the first of its type, and it is a novel notion because no previous research has looked into it.

Determinan Konsentrasi Spasial dan Daya Saing Industri Manufaktur Besar dan Sedang Jabodetabek

The aim of this research is to analyze if the large-medium sized manufacture industries in the Jabodetabek are spatially concentrated and to analyze how spatial concentration is affected by the regional and industry specific variabels and the competitiveness strength of said industries. Using Hoover- Balassa Index (HBI) to gauge the spatial concentration strength caused by agglomeration as dependent variable, Industry Size, Competitiveness Index using output-based Location Quotient (LQ), and City/District Minimum Wage (UMK) as independent variables. Using panel data analysis and Geography Information System (GIS) to see where the industries are concentrated spatially in relation to others. It is found that the large and medium-sized manufacture industries in Jabodetabek are indeed spatially concentrated. Granger Causality Test indicates there is only one-way positive causality and that is industry competitiveness to industry spatial concentration. The independent Variable that affect spatial concentration of large and medium-sized industries in Jabodetabek positively are Industry Size, and Competitiveness Index.

ANALISIS WAKTU BAKU PROSES PRODUKSI ROTI DENGAN METODE STOPWATCH DI UKM FANDRA BAKERY

Indonesia has many industries engaged in food and culinary. Among them are small and medium enterprises (SMEs) which are very large and make a large contribution to Indonesian economy. To ensure the sustainability of the industry, there is a standard time for each production process. Standard time is the work of observing and recording the working times of both each element or cycle using the tools that have been provided. UKM Fandra Bakrie is one of the small and medium-sized industries that produce bread in Padang City. It is important to know the standard time of the bread making process so that it becomes a reference for management policies. Time measurement using the stopwatch method by calculating the cycle time of each element of bread making work. Measurement data is tested statistically using uniformity tests and data adequacy tests. Then the calculation of standard time by considering adjustment factors and leeway factors. Standard time is used as the basis in determining the amount of production in a given period and for planning production. Based on the results of the study obtained the total time standard for bread production at UKM Fandra Bakery is 287.99 seconds / unit or 4.8 minutes / unit. Thus UKM Fandra Bakery is able to produce as much as 3,200 Pcs per day.

Performance measurement based on machines data: Systematic literature review

Industry 4.0 driven by the internet of things (IoT) is changing the way of producing and has been offering smart manufacturing systems with support technologies for the digital transformation of manufacturing plants seeking improvements in productivity, in control over the process, and customisation of production, among others. Due to these technological developments, small and medium-sized industries have been identified as a weak link in adapting their processes and resources, where they are usually the biggest victims in the transition to industry 4.0. The evidence points out that the excess data inserted in the databases of the manufacturing system of the industries influences the decision-making process of managers, making the process more complex and dynamic. This research focuses on a systematic literature review to assess how data-based performance measurements for machines are being handled in the context of industry 4.0. The methodological approach follows the application of the PROKNOW-C (Knowledge Development Process-Constructivist) method used to build a Bibliographic Portfolio in a structured way in line with the research theme. The results presented in the Bibliometric Analysis enabled the construction of a performance measurement model based on the sources of the researched articles.

Evaluation of Business Strategy and Performance in Chemical Companies with Micro Business category Case : Isnen Lab

Micro, small, and medium-sized industries are one of the pillars of the Indonesian economy. Evidently during the pandemic, Indonesia can survive the threat of recession in 2020 not spared from the contribution of the domestic consumption sector, by also utilizing the circular economy. Although the turnover of industries engaged in services is declining, pandemic periods can be used by companies to increase human resource capacity. In the future when the economy improves, The company is ready to compete healthily in the market. Common problems faced by industries with micro, small, and medium scale are limited human resource capacity and incomprehension to the basics of business. This can be inferred from the stagnant performance of micro businesses. This study was conducted on isnen Laboraorium. The purpose of this study is to improve business efficiency performance. At the end of the research period, it is expected that there will be an overhaul of the 4 pillars of the business so that Isnen Lab will develop optimally

SCADA System for Next-Generation Smart Factory Environments

Today, in factories, production is spread into a wide area and became complicated. Complicated production requires a better monitoring and control system to improve efficiency. For this purpose, SCADA systems are used. SCADA systems allow industries to monitor, control and access to real-time data and data logging. Nowadays, all large-scale industries have SCADA systems. The cost of the SCADA system makes it unreachable for small and medium-size industries but a SCADA system that is designed by using C# programming language would be cheaper and could perform the same. In this study, a SCADA system has been developed to monitor and control the smart model factory system in AFSUAM. SCADA interface is created by using C# programming language and the communication between PLC and the SCADA is set by using Mitsubishi MX Component tool. With the developed SCADA system, the process of a product entering the factory as raw material, going through several processes and becoming a product from the supply chain to the distributor has been modeled on a sample marble factory model, and a graphical user interface has been created considering the purposes such as real-time monitoring, controlling, data logging and preventing errors in the context of this model.

Construction of Business Intelligence Model for Information Technology Sector with Decision Support System

Understanding and evaluating data is vital for making choices in a system. As the transactional system expands, it becomes increasingly difficult to execute analytical operations directly. Complex and huge datasets seem to be solved by analytical methods and their expansions. A lack of a clear and rigorous technique for measuring the realized value of intelligent business systems continues to be a problem, despite the fact that significant investment is being made in these systems. As a goal of the software program, an inventory management decision support system has been built. The method can be used by medium-sized industries or companies. Finding a suitable solution for the firm's size and adapting to business and decision-maker needs are the goals of this research work. Besides, the suitable solutions are measured and compared with reference data through Information Technology (IT) sectors by error computations. The computation has considered various types of errors in this research article. The proposed decision support system produces excellent results with the least amount of errors in the final output, as shown by the graphical depiction in the results and discussion section.

THE ROLE OF COMPETENCIES, FINANCIAL PLANNING, AND ACCESS TO FINANCE IN EXPLAINING SMES FINANCIAL INNOVATION

Finance was a crucial aspect for the survival of SMEs. This study explored the factors that can influence financial innovation. Data was collected from the results of distributing questionnaires to 285 SMEs using a door-to-door approach and filling assistance. Sampling was based on the proportion of small and medium-sized industries. The data were tested with a series of statistical tests to obtain a suitable regression result. These results indicated that financial innovation was influenced by the owner or manager's entrepreneurial com­petence. Meanwhile, access to finance and financial planning did not affect financial innovation. Additional funds from outside the company were deemed necessary when the owner or manager of SMEs applies their maximum competence for business growth and performance. Therefore, it forced SMEs to be smart in exploring financial sources. SMEs tent to use their finance access to finance their business operations rather than making financial innovations. SMEs did not think about exploring their finances anymore because they feelt they had enough loans obtained from one institution. Even though the knowledge of SME owner or manager financial planning was quite good; they prefered not to make financial planning and let the cash flow normally.

Modeling of Industrial Robot Kinematics Using a Hybrid Analytical and Statistical Approach

Abstract Industrial robots are highly desirable in applications including manufacturing and surgery. However, errors in the modeling of the kinematics of robotic arms limit their positional accuracy in industrial applications. Specifically, analytical kinematic models of the robot arm suffer from errors in coefficient calibrations and the inability to account for effects including gear backlash. However, statistical modeling methods require an extensive amount of points for calibration, which is infeasible in practical industrial environments. Hence, this paper describes, develops, and experimentally validates a hybrid modeling methodology combining both analytical and statistical methods to describe the robot kinematics in an intuitive manner that is easily adaptable for small- and medium-sized industries. By formulating an explicitly described analytical kinematic model as a prior mean distribution of a Gaussian process, the prior distribution can be updated with experimental data using statistical Bayesian Inference, thus enabling more accurate description of the robot kinematics with fewer data points. The hybrid model is demonstrated to outperform an analytical model, a neural network model, and a Gaussian Process Regression model with no prior distribution in predicting both the forward and inverse kinematics of a UR5 and UR10 robot arm. Also, the error propagation of the inverse kinematic solutions is studied. In addition, the testing framework used in this work can be used as a standardized benchmark to evaluate alternative kinematic models.

Effect of Shifting Large and Medium-Sized Industry Agglomeration on the Economic Development in Kanti Region in 2003-2018

The development of real Gross Domestic Regional Product (GDRP) 2010 of all cities in Kanti region increased during 2003-2018. However, when viewed the growth rate in aggregate, it slowed during the period 2010-2018. One of the causes is the shift of large and medium-size industry (LMI) agglomeration from Kanti region to Kangga region. This study aims to find out the location and the dynamics of the shift of LMI agglomeration using the Hoover-Balassa index that is presented through thematic maps. In addition, the study also analyses the effect of the shift of LMI agglomeration and other factors on economic growth in Kanti region using the regression analysis of panel data. The individual units used are five administrative cities in the Kanti region with annual units from 2003 to 2018. Fixed effect model with seemingly unrelated regression (FEM-SUR) is used to estimate the parameters of the economic growth model in Kanti region. The results showed that Kanti region was agglomerated in North Jakarta and East Jakarta. Labor-intensive potential factor has a negative and significant effect, while the labor productivity of LMI and domestic investment has a positive and significant effect on economic growth in Kanti region. North Jakarta is an area that despite the shift of LMI agglomeration but still able to increase its economic growth, while East Jakarta has decreased. So, the Provincial Government of Jakarta need to adapt the implementation of LMI agglomeration in North Jakarta to encourage economic growth in East Jakarta and West Jakarta in accordance with regional spatial planning for industry.

Changes in Japanese urban small and medium-sized industries from the perspective of sustainable regional development

Changes in Japanese urban small and medium-sized industries from the perspective of sustainable regional development

The Impact of Economic Growth on Unemployment in Jordan during the period 1980-2022

The Impact of Economic Growth on Unemployment in Jordan during the period 1980-2022

The Effect of Entrepreneurial Motivation on the Business Growth of Indigenous Enterprises in Gunungkidul District

Entrepreneurial motivation is divided into three factors, namely mixed motivation, opportunity motivation, and necessity motivation. Business actors in developing countries tend to have mixed motivation. Entrepreneurial motivation affects the growth of a number of businesses in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, particularly in Gunungkidul District. This study has three objectives: to define the entrepreneurial motivation using Exploratory Factorial Analysis, to determine the level of entrepreneurial motivation, and to test the effect of entrepreneurial motivation on business growth of indigenous enterprises in Gunungkidul District using simple linear regression. This study applies a quantitative approach with a mixed data collection method. Quantitative data are collected using a questionnaire, while qualitative data are collected through in-depth interviews with indigenous enterprises and the Office of Industry and Trade. This study employs purposive sampling with the following criterion: entrepreneurs of small and medium-sized industries (known as Industri Kecil Menengah) in the field of craft and fashion business. The results of this study illustrate that entrepreneurial motivation in Gunungkidul District is mixed motivation. Even though entrepreneurial motivation is low, it has an effect on business growth.

Techno-Economic Impact Assessments of Energy Efficiency Improvements in the Industrial Combustion Systems

Abstract Industrial energy efficiency assessments not only provide benefits to manufacturers but also generate significant economic and environmental benefits to localities, states, and the nation through indirect and induced benefits. Quantifying these benefits requires a systematic economic framework for capturing these interactions. This article employs methodologies for improving the energy efficiency of small- and medium-sized industry through their combustion systems. Combustion systems offer large opportunities to enhance energy efficiency through adopting advanced technologies and better-informed operations. The case studies presented illuminate the potential savings and impacts from implementing energy-efficient combustion recommendations and the importance of energy audits and energy efficiency in the fight against climate change. This study describes and quantifies the cascading economic and environmental impacts of implementing the industrial energy efficiency recommendations offered by an energy auditing program by participating facilities over a 10-year period. Results showed that it is expected that a total of $185 M would be saved in energy costs, and 2.3 million metric tons of carbon dioxide emissions would be avoided annually, and about 972 jobs could be created in the studied region if all the combustion recommendations would be implemented. The broader view afforded by the proposed study can be used to support better energy-efficient practices in manufacturing facilities, communities, and states.

PLTS Design for Medium Industry Needs

Energy is a basic need of every human being. The current energy needs are mostly met by energy sourced from fossil fuels such as oil, coal and natural gas. However, the current supply of energy is decreasing. If not immediately addressed, the possibility of an energy crisis is unavoidable. Alternative energy is one of the right solutions in fulfilling electrical energy sourced from fossil fuels because it is considered renewable and environmentally friendly energy. One alternative that can be applied to this problem is the use of solar cell technology. In this study, a PLTS plan will be made for the needs of small industries. The design of this PLTS is done by making an ideal design with the specifications of the equipment on the market. The results of the design show that the components of the PV mini-grid system in medium-sized industries are one SMA Sunny boy 20000TL inverter, and 100 solar panels with a capacity of 200 Wp.

Synergies between Renewable Energy and Flexibility Investments: A Case of a Medium-Sized Industry

Climate and energy policies are tools used to steer the development of a sustainable economy supplied by equally sustainable energy systems. End-users should plan their investments accounting for future policies, such as incentives for system-oriented consumption, emission prices and hydrogen economy, to ensure long-term competitiveness. In this work, the utilization of variable renewable energy and flexibility potentials in a case study of an aggregate industry is investigated. An energy concept considering PV and battery expansion, flexible production, fuel cell electric trucks (FCEV) and hydrogen production is proposed, and analysed under expected techno-economic conditions and policies of 2030 using an energy system optimization model. Under this concept, total costs and emissions are reduced by 14% and 70%, respectively, compared to the business-as-usual system. The main benefit of PV investment is the lowered electricity procurement. Flexibility from schedulable manufacturing and hydrogen production increases not only the self-consumption of PV generation from 51% to 80% but also the optimal PV capacity by 41%. Despite the expected cost reduction and efficiency improvement, FCEV is still not competitive to diesel trucks due to higher investment and fuel prices, i.e., its adoption increases the costs by 8%. However, this is resolved when hydrogen can be produced from own surplus electricity generation. Our findings reveal synergistic effects between different potentials and the importance of enabling local business models, e.g., regional hydrogen production and storage services. The SWOT analysis of the proposed concept shows that the pursuit of sustainability via new technologies entails new opportunities and risks. Lastly, end-users and policymakers are advised to plan their investments and supports towards integration of multiple application, consumption sectors and infrastructure.

Techno-economic-environmental impacts of industrial energy assessment: Sustainable industrial motor systems of small and medium-sized enterprises

Energy assessments can provide an effective way of identifying and implementing energy efficiency measures to save energy costs and avoid emissions throughout manufacturing facilities. Consequently, it generates significant economic and environmental benefits to localities, states, and the nation. Quantifying these benefits requires a systematic techno-economic-environmental framework for capturing the interactions. This article employs methodologies to improve the energy efficiency of small and medium-size industries through their sustainable industrial motor systems. Motor systems offer large opportunities to enhance energy efficiency through adopting advanced technologies and better-informed operations. Case studies presented illuminate the potential savings and impacts from implementing sustainable motor systems and the importance of energy assessments. The integrated macro-economic analysis quantifies the regional sustainability impacts of implementing the industrial energy efficiency offered by an energy auditing program in Ohio over a ten-year period. Results show that implementing all the center’s motor recommendations have directly saved $702 M in energy costs, avoided 2.7 million metric tons of carbon dioxide emissions, and created 3,445 jobs, resulting in a total annual economic impact of $788 M stemming from direct, indirect, and induced regional economic impacts. It provides policy implications for encouraging sustainable industrial motor systems.

IoT-enabled computer vision-based parts inspection system for SME 4.0

This paper presents a Computer vision-based Measurement (CViM) system for three-dimensional (3D) mechanical parts. The system integrates with internet of things (IoT) and demonstrates a low cost and modular implementation of SME 4.0 framework. A complete system design including hardware and software is presented. Three cameras are used to capture various images that expose different dimensions of the mechanical part. Back lighting is used to illuminate the part placed on the V-shaped translucent surface, which results in images with improved contrast thereby improving the measurement accuracy compared to front lighting. The software algorithm performs camera calibration to eliminate the lens distortion and pre-processing for image enhancement and noise elimination. Next, image binarization is performed to highlight the edges of the object. The desired dimensions are extracted from the image followed by pixel to physical measurement mapping. The system is tested by measuring physical dimensions of a drill bit and a screwdriver bit and it achieves an accuracy of tenth of a millimeter (mm). Several dimensions of the test parts are measured, such as, total length, back radius, groove length etc., which are the most number of dimensions considered, compared to previous studies. The results demonstrate that the maximum difference between the measured and the actual dimensions is ± 0.05 mm. A conceptual model of IoT-enabled CViM system for parts inspection in small and medium-sized industries is also presented. The system has a fairly low cost and is very suitable for such industries with similar accuracy requirements for their parts inspection.

Reducing Waste in Healthcare through Occupational Safety and Health Measures: A Study of Manufacturing Industries in Taiwan.

Occupational accidents and diseases cause the loss of valuable workers and lead to high healthcare expenses. Because occupational accidents and diseases are ascribed to inadequate working conditions and work environments, they can be prevented through a well-established occupational safety and health management system, which can ensure workers’ health and reduce the expense of healthcare. The study investigated the shortage of work-related occupational safety and health (OSH) measures in medium-sized manufacturing industries. This study mainly focused on qualitative interviews with 15 labor inspectors and 25 business executives from OSH participating to investigate the problems of occupational safety and health in the manufacturing industries in Taiwan. The results of a qualitative study show that the most important problems with OSH management are employers’ negligence and workers’ insufficient knowledge about OSH management. The research results revealed the following eighteen significant shortcomings of OSH management: employers care mostly about production profit and do not care much for OSH; OSH data collection and OSH planning are not suitable for the workplace; many managers of OSH affairs are not qualified, in terms of their professional or academic backgrounds; and the repair of workplaces’ roofs often results in falling accidents, especially before or after a typhoon, because of workers’ failure to use safety belts and/or to follow OSH guidelines. In order to address the shortcomings and bottlenecks, the study also presented recommendations for how to implement and revise the OSH Act and how to research and enhance OSH management. The results of this study will not only supply the Ministry of Labor (Taiwan) with data to plan the strategy of OSH management but also will allow employers and workers to improve OSH management in the workplace in order to prevent the occurrence of occupational accidents.

Design, Production Cost, and Air Flow Distribution of Biomass Pellet Furnace

Biomass attracts a great deal of attention to be converted into green fuels in the form of pellets. The furnace is needed to burn pellets to generate heat up to 300 kW. In addition to meeting the heat capacity needs of the small and medium-sized industries, furnaces must also be competitive in terms of price. The purpose of this study is therefore to obtain details of the cost of manufacturing the furnace and the model of air flow that occurs in the furnace. The cost of production of the furnace includes manufacturing costs, assembly costs, machining and repair costs. The findings revealed that the key portion of the cost of the furnace was a material cost of 77%. The findings of the simulation showed that the total pressure difference of up to 850 Pa and had to be resolved by air-supplying blowers. The gas velocity ranges from 2 to 10 m/s and rises significantly near the exit to 42 m/s.