Medium-sized Construction Firms Research Articles

AI-based virtual assistant and transformational leadership in social cognitive theory perspective: a study of team innovation in construction industry

PurposeThis study social based on cognitive theory (SCT), aims to better understand how transformational leadership affects team-level knowledge sharing and absorptive ability in the construction industry. It also examines the moderating influence of the AI-based virtual assistant on the indirect relationship between transformational leadership and team innovation through knowledge sharing and absorptive ability at the team level.Design/methodology/approachThis study used a simple random sample approach to gather data from several small and medium-sized construction firms in Anhui Province, China. A total of 407 respondents, including 89 site engineers and 321 team members, provided their responses on a five-point Likert scale questionnaire.FindingsThe findings showed that AI-based virtual assistants significantly moderated the direct and indirect association between transformational leadership and knowledge sharing, and subsequently with team innovation. Unexpectedly, the findings showed that AI-based virtual assistant did not moderate the direct relationship between transformational leadership and team-level absorptive capacity.Originality/valueThis study adds a fresh perspective to the literature on construction management by examining team innovation driven by transformational leadership through an underlying mechanism. It is unique in that it uses the team adaptation theory to investigate the understudied relationship between transformational leadership and team innovation in the construction industry.

Organizational Capabilities and Resilience of Small and Medium-Sized Construction Firms in Ghana: The Mediating Role of Innovation and Moderating Effect of Environmental Factors

This study examined the relationship between organizational capabilities and resilience of small and medium-sized construction firms in Ghana. It emphasized that innovation would mediate the relationship between organizational capabilities and construction firms’ resilience, and environmental factors would moderate the relationship between organizational capabilities and construction firms’ resilience. A descriptive survey research design was adopted. The population of the study consisted of management members of construction firms. The convenience sampling technique was used for selecting and reaching out to the sample respondents. A closed-ended questionnaire was used to elicit data from the respondents. Data from 261 respondents were collected and analyzed. The study found a significant positive relationship between organizational capabilities and firms’ resilience; a significant positive relationship between organizational capabilities and firms’ innovation; and a significant positive relationship between innovation and firms’ resilience. Furthermore, it was found that innovation wholly mediates the relationship between organizational capabilities and firms’ resilience; and environmental factors partially moderate the relationship between organizational capabilities and firms’ resilience. It was concluded that for small and medium-sized construction firms to grow and become resilient to various turbulences, there is a need for them to strengthen their capabilities, innovativeness, and environmental factors.

Theft and Vandalism Control Measures on Construction Sites

Purpose: The goal of this study is to determine and improve the best security practices within Ghanaian construction sites to control theft and vandalism incidents.
 Design/Methodology/Approach: A purposive sampling technique was adopted for the population which were indigenous small and medium-sized construction firms of D1KI and D2K2 categories to complete the semi-structured questionnaire. Out of the total of 80 questionnaires distributed, only 65 responses were retrieved for analysis. Descriptive statistics comprising, frequencies and mean scores were used. 
 Findings: The findings showed that the most effective and often utilized security measure on construction sites is the hiring of watchmen, with security cameras, alarm systems, and warning signs being the least frequently employed. Sites would most likely be protected from theft by effective implementation of the most important security measures while also guaranteeing that the value for money invested in site security is also realized.
 Research Limitation/Implications: The effectiveness of theft and vandalism control measures may vary based on specific site characteristics, such as location, size, and type of construction. Generalising findings from one site to all construction contexts may not be applicable.
 Social Implication: Incidents of theft and vandalism can lead to social tensions within the community, especially if residents perceive construction activities as a source of risk. Effective control measures mitigate these tensions, fostering a more harmonious relationship between construction companies and the local population.
 Practical Implication: Minimizing the impact of theft and vandalism contributes to the timely completion of construction projects. Unanticipated delays due to security incidents can be avoided, ensuring that projects adhere to planned schedules and deadlines.
 Originality/ Value: The originality of this paper lies in its targeted investigation into theft and vandalism control measures on small and medium-sized construction sites, offering innovative and contextually relevant solutions that address the unique challenges faced by SMEs in the construction industry.

Adoption of Entrepreneurial Skills in Small and Medium Size Construction Firms in Abuja Nigeria: The Barriers

The study examined barriers to adoption of entrepreneurial skills required of small and medium scale construction firms’ operation in Abuja. One research question and hypothesis guided the study. The study adopted descriptive research design. The population of the study consisted of 976; 401 managers and 572 contractors in registered small and medium sized building construction firms in Abuja. A sample size of 278; 119 managers and 159 contractors were used for the study. The sample size for this study was determined using Taro Yamane’s sample reduction formula. The data for this study was collected using structured questionnaire. The face and content validity of the instrument was established using the opinions of three experts from the Department of Building, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. The reliability of the instrument was established using Cronbach alpha; which yielded a reliability coefficient of 0.77. The findings of the study revealed that that barriers to the adoption of entrepreneurial skills in small and medium sized construction firms in Abuja include limited access to training programs, regulatory barriers, financial constraints, and lack of access to mentorship among others. The study among others recommended Barriers to skill development should be addressed by managers of building construction firms by providing access to training and mentorship pogrammes for staff.

Adoption of Entrepreneurial Skills in Small and Medium Size Construction Firms in Abuja Nigeria: The Barriers

The study examined barriers to adoption of entrepreneurial skills required of small and medium scale construction firms’ operation in Abuja. One research question and hypothesis guided the study. The study adopted descriptive research design. The population of the study consisted of 976; 401 managers and 572 contractors in registered small and medium sized building construction firms in Abuja. A sample size of 278; 119 managers and 159 contractors were used for the study. The sample size for this study was determined using Taro Yamane’s sample reduction formula. The data for this study was collected using structured questionnaire. The face and content validity of the instrument was established using the opinions of three experts from the Department of Building, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. The reliability of the instrument was established using Cronbach alpha; which yielded a reliability coefficient of 0.77. The findings of the study revealed that that barriers to the adoption of entrepreneurial skills in small and medium sized construction firms in Abuja include limited access to training programs, regulatory barriers, financial constraints, and lack of access to mentorship among others. The study among others recommended Barriers to skill development should be addressed by managers of building construction firms by providing access to training and mentorship pogrammes for staff.

Entrepreneurial Skills Required of Small and Medium Scale Construction Firms’ Operation in Abuja, Nigeria

The study examined the entrepreneurial skills required of small and medium-scale construction firms’ operations in Abuja. One research question and hypothesis guided the study. The study adopted a descriptive research design. The population of the study consisted of 976; 401 managers and 572 contractors in registered small and medium-sized building construction firms in Abuja. A sample size of 278; 119 managers and 159 contractors were used for the study. The sample size for this study was determined using Taro Yamane’s sample reduction formula. The data for this study was collected using a structured questionnaire. The face and content validity of the instrument was established using the opinions of three experts from the Department of Building, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. The reliability of the instrument was established using Cronbach alpha; which yielded a reliability coefficient of 0.78. The findings of the study revealed that financial management, industry knowledge, project management, innovation and technology savvy, risk management, quality control, and adaptability are the most essential entrepreneurial skills for small and medium-sized construction firms in Abuja. The study among others recommended that managers of these firms should place emphasis on financial management skills, and networking skills through training programs, workshops, and mentoring opportunities.

Penerimaan BIM di Kalangan Kontraktor PKS dalam Industri Pembinaan Malaysia

Building Information Modelling (BIM) is a modelling technology that provides construction professionals with digital tools for use in project planning, design, monitoring, and control. The potential advantages of putting BIM into practice are known to the Malaysian government. The Malaysian government has taken a number of steps to promote BIM in the hopes that Malaysian construction industry experts will utilize it extensively. However, significant difficulties are delaying the introduction of BIM in Malaysia. Implementing BIM typically presents difficulties for smaller businesses. Even though there are numerous benefits to utilizing BIM, small and medium-sized construction companies are still cautious to do so in the course of their work. This study examines BIM adoption in Malaysian small and medium-sized construction firms. The present degree of BIM adoption in Malaysia’s construction industry as well as the best tactics to encourage SME contractors in Malaysia’s construction industry to embrace BIM more effectively were the subjects of a questionnaire survey that was conducted. According to the survey’s results, SME contractors are still trailing behind in adopting BIM due to a number of obstacles that stand in the way of its adoption. In order to increase BIM adoption among SME contractors, it is crucial that government agencies successfully promote and encourage BIM use across the whole Malaysian construction sector. The importance of this study is in gathering data on the extent of BIM adoption among SME contractors, which might be utilized as a benchmark and reference for the development of BIM in the Malaysian construction industry.

Organisational culture and construction employee safety

Organisational culture plays a critical role in the functioning and identity of an organisation. The study examined Schein’s model based on artifacts, espoused values, and basic assumptions to determine the level of influence on construction employees’ safety. Online questionnaire administration among medium-sized construction firms in the Central Region of Ghana was employed for the data collection. The designed questionnaire was used to gather the opinions of supervisors, foremen, and workers in the construction industry. Descriptive statistics and the Relative Importance Index (RII) were utilised to analyse the findings. The results reveal that work environment design and workplace cleanliness were the most influential artifacts impacting employee safety. Regarding espoused values, the organisation’s strategies and employee safety played a significant role in ensuring a safe workplace. Additionally, variables related to self-awareness and freedom of expression had substantial importance in the realm of basic underlying assumptions. Understanding the relationship between organisational culture and employee safety is crucial for creating safe work environments and fostering a safety culture. Construction firms can enhance employee safety and achieve corporate goals by addressing artifacts, espoused values, and assumptions. The results of this study are beneficial to construction project managers, contractors, and construction management researchers, as they offer insights into creating safer work environments and improving employee well-being through organisational culture.

Analysis of Hazards on Building Construction Sites: A Survey of Construction Artisans in Small and Medium-sized Construction Firms in Ghana

Eliminating hazards on construction sites has been a challenge for small and medium-sized contractors. This has contributed to the high rate of incidents that have resulted in injuries, emotional stress, and even fatalities among construction artisans. To avoid these incidences on construction sites, hazards need to be easily identified by these workers. This study sought to analyse hazards that artisans in small and medium-sized construction firms in Ghana are exposed to during project delivery. A cross-sectional design was adopted in this study. In total, one hundred and twenty (120) construction artisans were involved in the study. Data analysis revealed that several hazards exist on construction sites, and experienced workers are more likely to identify hazardous situations on construction sites than inexperienced workers. The study categorized the identified hazards on construction sites into task-induced, site-induced, and human-induced hazards. Most of the identified hazards were related to task-induced hazards. Even though contractors implement measures to eliminate hazards, most of these measures are geared towards making the working space safe rather than addressing hazards that occur during the performance of tasks. It was recommended that teamwork and collaboration among workers be encouraged to ensure safe and hazard-free sites during project execution. It was also recommended that contractors allocate resources to tackle hazards that occur during the performance of tasks and provide psychological training and counselling for their skilled workers.

Analysis of risk occurrence in projects executed by small and medium sized contracting firms

The performance of small and medium sized construction firms has attracted research attention in recent times because of the impact on sustainable economic growth. This study examined this category of firms as their performances in building project delivery are impacted by specific risk factors. The purpose is to provide empirical evidence that could enhance the choice of appropriate risk management approaches and improve the performance metrics of the projects executed by the firms. Primary data were obtained through a structured questionnaire targeted at 100 firms which is about 40% proportional sample of 245 registered small and medium contractors in Lagos state, Nigeria, as at 2016. A total of 53 questionnaires completed by; 17 engineers, 12 quantity surveyors, 10 architect, eight 8 builders and 2 project managers provided valid responses for the analysis. Quantitative data collected were analysed using mean ranking, factor analysis, and t-test. While the results show; mistakes, changes in scope of project, price fluctuation, importing and customs and security risk factors, as the most frequently occurring variables, they nonetheless indicate no significant difference in the ranking of the occurrence of the factors by the operators of both small and medium sized contracting firms. Although findings are limited to occurrence indices of the factors, risk impact models based on severity indices of the individual variables on project performance executed by this category of contractors can be developed based on the empirical findings. The study also highlights implications for risk assessment and choice of appropriate management techniques that could help in improving the performance metrics of the projects executed by small and medium sized category of contracting firms.

A framework to activate the health and safety regulations in the Egyptian construction industry

PurposeThe construction industry is considered one of the most dangerous industries especially in developing countries such as Egypt. Although safety in Egypt is regulated by mainly four pivotal legislations, namely, Law No. 12 (2003) and Ministerial Decrees No. 211, 126 and 134, construction accident records in Egypt are high. Accordingly, this paper aims to develop a framework to activate the health and safety regulations in the Egyptian construction industry.Design/methodology/approachTo achieve this aim, a research methodology consisting of a literature review and a survey questionnaire was developed to accomplish three objectives. First, a literature review was used to identify the causes of site accidents and strategies adopted in different countries to improve and enforce safety, safety roles of stakeholders. Second, a survey questionnaire was conducted with a representative sample of large- and medium-sized construction firms in Egypt to examine their perception of the causes of site accidents. Finally, a framework was developed to activate the health and safety regulations in the Egyptian construction industry.FindingsThe research identified 16 causes of construction site accidents. These causes were classified into three categories based on the party responsible for the occurrence of site accidents, namely, workers, organization management and government. Results of data analysis showed that “lack of housekeeping” and “lack of governmental inspection for safety” were ranked the highest causes of site accidents in the Egyptian construction industry, whereas “inefficiency of old safety equipment or no safety equipment at all” and “reluctance to input resources for safety” were ranked the least causes.Originality/valueThis research provides valuable information about the nature of the construction industry with a particular focus on site accidents, causes and impacts of construction site accidents. The study highlighted the safety roles of the Egyptian Governmental bodies in Egypt to improve and enforce safety. The research tackled a topic that received scant attention in construction literature especially in the Egypt context. The framework presented in this paper represents a synthesis that is important and adds value to the knowledge in a manner that has not previously occurred in the Egyptian construction industry.

Causes and impacts of site accidents in the Egyptian construction industry

This paper aims to investigate the causes and impacts of site accidents in the Egyptian construction industry. To achieve this aim, a research methodology consisted of literature review and survey questionnaire was developed to accomplish three objectives. First, literature review was used to investigate the nature of the construction industry, identify and classify the causes of site accidents as well as their social and economic impacts on organizations and affected families. Second, a survey questionnaire was conducted with a representative sample of large and medium sized construction firms in Egypt to examine their perception of the causes of site accidents. Finally, outlining research conclusions and recommendations useful to construction firms and governmental organizations. The research identified 16 causes of construction site accidents. These causes were classified into three categories based on the party responsible for the occurrence of site accidents namely, workers, organization management and government. Results of data analysis showed that “Lack of housekeeping” and “Lack of governmental inspection for Safety” were ranked the highest causes of site accidents in the Egyptian construction industry, while “inefficiency of old safety equipment or no safety equipment at all” and “reluctance to input resources for Safety” were ranked the least causes. Moreover, Spearman correlation test showed there are relationships between many causes in which some causes may affect the occurrence of other causes. This research provides valuable information about the nature of the construction industry with particular focus on site accidents, causes and impacts of construction site accidents. The research tackled a topic that received scant attention in construction literature especially in the Egypt context. The work presented in this paper represents a synthesis that is important and adds value to the knowledge in a manner that has not previously occurred in the Egyptian construction industry.

Assessment of Retention on Valuation in the Nigerian Construction Industry – Clients’ Perspective

The largest clients of Construction Industry (CI) in developing countries around the world are their respective governments. However, the CI in this clime is dominated by small and medium sized construction firms (SMSCFs). The aim of this study was to assess retention on valuation in the industry from the clients‟ perspective, with a view to improving financial performance of SMSCFs. Survey and non-probabilistic convenience sampling technique were adopted and data were obtained from industry stakeholders operating in Lagos. A total of fifty questionnaires validly completed were analysed using SPSS (Statistical Programme for Social Sciences) software Forty-four percent of the respondents have work experience in companies whose approximate annual turnover was < N 100m < N 500m. Finding shows that release of retention suffered from delay to outright non-payment of the retention monies and the retention practice of the three tiers of government is non-discriminatory of category of contractors. In conclusion, either delay or outright non-payment of retention monies on valuation will add to financial difficulty of SMSCFs Also, the retention policy of government, applying five (5) percent flat on their project does not consider the financial capacity of SMSCFs and latter‟s potential to contribute and grow the gross domestic product.

Influence of Construction Firm Size on the Level of Adoption of Sustainability Practices in Niger Delta, Nigeria

Abstract The need to address the problems facing the natural environment and social economic development cannot be overemphasised. The aim of the study was to assess the influence of firm size on the level of implementation of sustainability practices in Niger Delta, Nigeria. Survey design approach was used in the study. Data were obtained through interviews and one thousand one hundred and seventy-nine copies of structured questionnaire administered to representatives of the firms by researchers and research assistants. The methods of data analysis were simple percentage and Spearman’s rank correlation. The result showed that small firms accounted for 84.7 %, medium-sized firms accounted for 11.61 % and large construction firms accounted for 3.73 %. Thus, a majority of firms are small and medium-sized construction companies in Niger Delta. The study revealed that the firm size influenced the level of implementation of firm sustainability practices in the study area. It was concluded that the size of firms had a significant influence on the level of adoption of sustainability practices among the construction firms operating in Niger Delta. It was also concluded that small and medium-sized construction firms recorded poor capacity building and human capital development. The study recommended that small and medium-sized construction firms operating in Niger Delta should improve their level of capacity building and human capital development.

Performance analysis of small and medium-sized construction firms in Oyo State, Nigeria

Performance analysis of small and medium-sized construction firms in Oyo State, Nigeria

Propuesta de un sistema de planificación y control de residuos en la construcción

Construction industry accounts for a significant part of the solid waste generated in urban centers. In part this is due to a lack of culture of reducing the generation or reuse of waste. This sector may improve this situation, seeking to develop management systems. The objective of this paper is to present a proposal for a management system to plan and control construction waste in small and medium sized construction firms. A case study on construction sites was performed in a building company of Novo Hamburgo, Brazil. The planning and control waste system was developed as based on the production system existing in the firm and results point to the feasibility of implementing this system.

Implementing sustainability in small and medium-sized construction firms

Purpose – Construction organisations are becoming increasingly aware of the impacts of their operations, from both an environmental and, more recently, a social viewpoint. Sustainability standards can enable an organisation to evidence a benchmarked level of performance against a particular issue. To date, research on standards has largely focused on the operational and administrative aspects of their enactment, rather than how they might affect – and be appropriated by – organisational actors. The purpose of this paper is to examine how capacity for learning can affect the success of implementing standards within two construction SMEs. Design/methodology/approach – Taking an organisational learning and absorptive capacity (ACAP) perspective, this research uses the case study approach and abductive logic to understand what role learning plays with regard to sustainability standard implementation. Findings – The results reveal that strong communication channels and commitment to training programmes increase the capacity for implementing standards, but that SMEs tend only to approach standards if they see immediate financial benefits stemming from their implementation. Practical implications – SMEs provide a challenging context for the implementation of sustainability standards unless there are significant external levers and extrinsic motivation for them to be embraced. Care should be taken in incorporating these aspects into the future design of standards that are more aligned with SME needs. Social implications – Stakeholders should seek to apply pressure to firms to positively influence engagement with sustainability standards. Originality/value – The role and importance of ACAP is an underdeveloped debate in the certification field. This study is the first that links the process of implementing a standard with the ACAP of an organisation.

빅데이터 기반의 정성 정보를 활용한 부도 예측 모형 구축

Many researchers have focused on developing bankruptcy prediction models using modeling techniques, such as statistical methods including multiple discriminant analysis (MDA) and logit analysis or artificial intelligence techniques containing artificial neural networks (ANN), decision trees, and support vector machines (SVM), to secure enhanced performance. Most of the bankruptcy prediction models in academic studies have used financial ratios as main input variables. The bankruptcy of firms is associated with firm’s financial states and the external economic situation. However, the inclusion of qualitative information, such as the economic atmosphere, has not been actively discussed despite the fact that exploiting only financial ratios has some drawbacks. Accounting information, such as financial ratios, is based on past data, and it is usually determined one year before bankruptcy. Thus, a time lag exists between the point of closing financial statements and the point of credit evaluation. In addition, financial ratios do not contain environmental factors, such as external economic situations. Therefore, using only financial ratios may be insufficient in constructing a bankruptcy prediction model, because they essentially reflect past corporate internal accounting information while neglecting recent information. Thus, qualitative information must be added to the conventional bankruptcy prediction model to supplement accounting information. Due to the lack of an analytic mechanism for obtaining and processing qualitative information from various information sources, previous studies have only used qualitative information. However, recently, big data analytics, such as text mining techniques, have been drawing much attention in academia and industry, with an increasing amount of unstructured text data available on the web. A few previous studies have sought to adopt big data analytics in business prediction modeling. Nevertheless, the use of qualitative information on the web for business prediction modeling is still deemed to be in the primary stage, restricted to limited applications, such as stock prediction and movie revenue prediction applications. Thus, it is necessary to apply big data analytics techniques, such as text mining, to various business prediction problems, including credit risk evaluation. Analytic methods are required for processing qualitative information represented in unstructured text form due to the complexity of managing and processing unstructured text data. This study proposes a bankruptcy prediction model for Korean small- and medium-sized construction firms using both quantitative information, such as financial ratios, and qualitative information acquired from economic news articles. The performance of the proposed method depends on how well information types are transformed from qualitative into quantitative information that is suitable for incorporating into the bankruptcy prediction model. We employ big data analytics techniques, especially text mining, as a mechanism for processing qualitative information. The sentiment index is provided at the industry level by extracting from a large amount of text data to quantify the external economic atmosphere represented in the media. The proposed method involves keyword-based sentiment analysis using a domain-specific sentiment lexicon to extract sentiment from economic news articles. The generated sentiment lexicon is designed to represent sentiment for the construction business by considering the relationship between the occurring term and the actual situation with respect to the economic condition of the industry rather than the inherent semantics of the term. The experimental results proved that incorporating qualitative information based on big data analytics into the traditional bankruptcy prediction model based on accounting information is effective for enhancing the predictive performance. The sentiment variable extracted from economic news articles had an impact on corporate bankruptcy. In particular, a negative sentiment variable improved the accuracy of corporate bankruptcy prediction because the corporate bankruptcy of construction firms is sensitive to poor economic conditions. The bankruptcy prediction model using qualitative information based on big data analytics contributes to the field, in that it reflects not only relatively recent information but also environmental factors, such as external economic conditions.

Attitudes of Owners which Impedes Firm's Growth: A Case of Small and Medium-sized Construction Firms in Ghana

Owners of small and medium-sized construction firms are mainly classified as individual, group of people or institution ownership. Attitudes of owners who operate these firms do impact positively or negatively towards the growth of their businesses. This study sought to identify the specific attitudes of owners of construction small and medium size (SMEs) firms that impede growth. Interview with selected construction SMEs owners via snowball sampling was adopted in order to achieve the purpose of the study. Data was analyzed using descriptive analysis. The results suggested that majority of construction SME owners have an attitude of being profit oriented and do not concentrate on the growth of their firms. Also, negatively characterized owner attitudes such as anger, hatred, cynicism, inferiority, distrust, antagonism, resentment expressed towards personnel hinder growth of a firm. Further, the low level of educational qualification of owners has established attitudes that compel them to exhibit non-standardised managerial practices which result in poor human relations among employees thereby affecting firm's growth. An additional conclusion from the study indicates that attitudes of construction firm owners composed of three components namely cognitive component, affective/emotional component, and behavioral component.

Assessment of Contractors’ Mitigating Measures for Cost Overrun of Building Projects in South-Western Nigeria

The study examined the mitigating measures employed by contractors in southwest of Nigeria for cost overrun of building projects with a view to determining its adequacy and effectiveness. A mix of qualitative and quantitative research methods was adopted where data pertinent to the study were obtained through questionnaire survey on a sample of 32 project managers of medium sized construction firms selected from the list of 125 contractors on the register of Federation of Building and Civil Engineering Contractors located in South-West Nigeria using Simple Random Sampling method. Additional information was obtained from contracts bills of quantities and programme schedule to complement the data obtained from the questionnaire survey. Contract sums and final sums of building projects between 200 million Naira – 1.7 billion Naira handled by respondents were also collected as secondary data. Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) was employed to analyse the data for descriptive statistics while manual approach was adopted for inferential statistics of t-test. The results obtained revealed that effective site management and supervision with the highest relative importance index (RII) for adequacy of the mitigation measures was at average level and the (RII) for the effectiveness of mitigation measures adopted by contractors was very low. It also revealed that there is significant difference between initial sums and final sums of building projects at 5% significance level where the mitigation measures were taken in to consideration. The study concluded that mitigation measures adopted by contractors have not been adequate and effective in curbing cost overrun of building projects in southwest Nigeria.