Medium Levels Research Articles

Analisis Tipe Rumah Tinggal Terhadap Ancaman Bahaya Tsunami Di Kota Banda Aceh

People who lived on the Banda Aceh City shoreline lost their houses in the 2004 tsunami tragedy. The likelihood of a tsunami tragedy in the future might rise if homes are rebuilt in the original location. The goal of this study was to determine the most common building types and the degree of susceptibility of residential structures to the tsunami catastrophe in the districts of Kuta Alam and Syiah Kuala. Through a sample approach, a questionnaire was given out to the community in the districts of Kuta Alam and Syiah Kuala, with a total of 105 responses. To gather representative home building types at the research site, a survey was undertaken. data processing with the use of the validity and reliability tests in SPSS. The questionnaire was deemed legitimate as a result of the validity test, which produced average R count values of 0.1918 and higher than the value of r table. The reliability test findings were dependable since they had a Cronbach Alpha score of 0.671, which is higher than 0.6. The predominant home types in the Kuta Alam and Syiah Kuala subdistricts are type B (good) and type C (poor) dwellings. Low, medium, and high levels of vulnerability were used to determine how vulnerable residential buildings were to the tsunami tragedy in the Kuta Alam District. The Syiah Kuala District, meanwhile, had high and moderate degrees of vulnerability. According to the physical state of the environment in the districts of Kuta Alam and Syiah Kuala, 19% of the coastal regions are still in their original state, and 81% of the territory is made up of grib stones and mangroves. In the Kuta Alam sub-district, there are 11 villages overall, with the percentage of vulnerable structures falling into one of three categories: low (45.45%), medium (45.45%), or high (9.09%). In the Syiah Kuala District, however, the degree of vulnerability of residential structures was determined from a total of 10 villages, and it was divided into two classes: medium, with a percentage of 40%, and high, with a percentage of 60%. As a result, it's important to upgrade the design of communal housing in coastal locations, such as by constructing homes with two or more levels.

Assessing the risk of subsoil compaction in croplands using the soil compaction stratification ratio as an indicator

AbstractAccurate prediction of subsoil compaction in cropland areas is important for food security and sustainable agricultural production development. This study evaluated the validity and advantages of the soil compaction stratification ratio (SR) as an indicator for assessing the risk of subsoil compaction and presented a theoretical framework for predicting and evaluating subsoil compaction risk. Geographic information system and remote sensing technologies were utilized in combination with a state‐of‐the‐art ensemble machine learning model to quantitatively predict the spatial distribution and uncertainty of subsoil compaction risk in croplands. The results showed that the subsoil bulk density (BD) was significantly greater than the topsoil BD in Shaanxi Province, China. Compared with that of the subsoil BD, the stratification ratio of the bulk density (SRBD) exhibited greater sensitivity to subsoil compaction, and it accurately reflected spatial variations in subsoil compactness. The SRBD exhibited obvious spatial heterogeneity, and the mean annual precipitation, elevation, and mean land surface temperature substantially influenced its spatial distribution. The critical thresholds of the SRBD for the low‐risk, medium‐risk, and high‐risk groups were 1.01, 1.21, and 1.32, respectively. Low subsoil compaction dominated in the mountainous and hilly areas, whereas the Guanzhong Plain and Hanzhong Basin exhibited medium levels of subsoil compaction. Some croplands in the central Guanzhong Plain experienced severe subsoil compaction issues. In conclusion, the soil compaction SR was found to be an effective indicator of subsoil compaction by effectively eliminating soil background differences. This approach has potential applications in cropland management, digital soil mapping, and early warning of soil compaction risk.

Perbedaan Metode Pengolahan Pascapanen dalam Memengaruhi Kadar Kafein Roasted Bean Kopi Robusta Argopuro

This study aims to determine the caffeine content of Argopuro Jember robusta coffee beans based on differences in post-harvest processing methods. The research was conducted at the Jember State Polytechnic Agricultural Products Processing (PHP) Laboratory and the Jember State University Integrated Testing Unit Laboratory in June-September 2022. The samples were robusta coffee logs originating from the Argopuro area of ​​Jember. The post-harvest coffee processing process is divided into four (4) methods, namely natural processing (dry process), semi-wet processing, wet (full wash process), and honey processing. Green beans from the results of each processing method are roasted at light, medium, and dark levels. The roasted bean caffeine content test from each post-harvest processing method at each roasting level was carried out descriptively (simple, without repetition). Overall, the caffeine content of the roasted beans produced in this study still meets the SNI 01-3542-2004 standard, a maximum of 2%. The caffeine content of Argopuro Jember robusta coffee roast beans at the light roast level ranges from 1.44-1.65%, 1.38-1.92% for medium roast, and 1.61-1.81% for dark roast. The highest caffeine content in roasted beans at each roasting level is 1.65% (dry process), 1.92% (full wash process), and 1.81% (full wash process), respectively. Meanwhile, roasted beans with the lowest caffeine content with a value of 1.38% are produced using the semi-wet process processing method at a medium roast level. The fluctuations in caffeine values ​​produced in this study indicate that post-harvest processing methods do not affect the caffeine content of roasted beans at light, medium, or dark roast levels.

A STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INTERNAL PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS AND ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION IN STUDENTS

The article is devoted to internal psychological factors and directions of its research. In this article, internal psychological factors are clarified, directions of problem research are investigated, including mechanisms of influence of internal psychological factors on success motivation. the internal psychological factors that determine the success motivation of students are investigated. Here, the influence levels of internal factors on success motivation are studied, including the mechanisms of success psychology and the factors that play a fundamental role in personality success. The research showed that students at medium and high levels tend to succeed and prefer medium risk levels. Those who are afraid of failure either prefer small or, on the contrary, a very high level of risk. It was determined that the higher the student’s motivation to succeed, the stronger the desire to achieve the goal and take risks. At the same time, hope for success is more important than weak motivation to succeed. It has been found that people who are motivated and have high hopes for success tend to avoid high risks.

Soil Fertility Mapping using Geo-spatial Technique for Khapradih Farm, DKS College of Agriculture and Research Station, Bhatapara, Chhattisgarh, India

The present study aimed to assess various chemical properties and available macro and micronutrients in the soil. Collection of 101 geo-referenced soil surface samples at 100-meter intervals of the Khapradih Farm of DKS College of Agriculture & Research Station, district Balodabazar-Bhatapara of Chhattisgarh state and examined in the laboratory for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic carbon (OC), and available macro-nutrients (N, P, K, S) and micro- nutrients (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, B). The results showed that the soil was generally neutral in pH, with a range of 5.7 to 7.6. The electrical conductivity indicated non-saline, varying from 0.11 to 0.26 dSm-1. Available nutrients were categorized as low, medium, or high based on nutrient index values. The study revealed that the soil in the area had low levels of available N and S, medium levels of available P and K, and high levels of available Fe, Mn, and Cu. Zn was found to be in the medium category, while B was low. Significant correlations were observed between various physico-chemical properties and available macro and micro nutrients. Using ArcGIS 10.4.1, thematic maps were created, representing the spatial distribution of soil properties and nutrient status. Based on these findings, fertilizer recommendations were developed for major crops grown in the area, resulting in enhanced crop productivity. The study concludes that GPS and GIS-based tools are valuable for soil fertility mapping, monitoring, and site-specific nutrient management, leading to sustainable and optimal crop yields.

The effects of variability in catch effort on the precision of statistical population reconstruction

Statistical population reconstruction (SPR) models have emerged as a robust and versatile framework for estimating the demographic dynamics of harvested wildlife populations using commonly collected age‐at‐harvest and catch‐effort data. Although numerous studies have suggested that higher interannual variability in catch effort may improve the accuracy and precision of reconstructed estimates, particularly in the absence of auxiliary data on annual abundance or survival, the extent and magnitude of these effects has not been explored. We examined the influence of catch‐effort variability, as measured by the ratio between years of highest and lowest effort, on the relative absolute deviation of reconstructed estimates of population abundance, as well as on the actual percent coverage and width of the corresponding confidence intervals. We used a Monte Carlo simulation to generate catch‐effort data with different levels of variability for populations experiencing a wide range of demographic and harvest conditions. For similar amounts of age‐at‐harvest data, using catch‐effort data with higher interannual variability resulted in reconstructed estimates of annual abundance that had significantly lower deviations from reality, better coverage, and narrower confidence intervals (as measured by the margin of error). These improvements were consistent and linear at low to medium levels of catch‐effort variability, but leveled off and became substantially less pronounced at higher levels. We found that the inclusion of auxiliary data largely mediated this relationship, although higher catch‐effort variability still resulted in more accurate and precise estimates of annual abundance even when these data were included. Our research highlights the need to include a thorough investigation of the available catch‐effort data alongside the established practices of assessing the number of years of available data, the average number of animals harvested each year, and the availability of auxiliary data from radio‐telemetry studies or other sources.

Impact of Storage Conditions on Fruit Color, Firmness and Total Soluble Solids of Hydroponic Tomatoes Grown at Different Salinity Levels

Tomatoes are delicate and prone to damage quickly, which ultimately leads to lower quality and increased post-harvest losses. Hence, an ideal storage environment is very important to maintain the quality of tomato fruits after harvest. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effect of storage conditions on the quality parameters of tomato fruits. Experiments were de-signed for six storage periods (4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 days) and two temperatures (12 °C and room air temperature “22 °C”). Three tomato fruit quality parameters (Brix, color, and firmness) have been selected and measured for three tomato varieties (Ghandowra-F1, Forester-F1, and Feisty-Red) grown hydroponically at three salinity levels (2.5, 6.0, and 9.5 dS m−1) of the nutrient solution. Results showed that the highest mean Brix values, for all varieties, were recorded at the highest salinity (9.5 dS m−1), and were significantly (Pr < 0.0001) higher than those at medium (6.0 dS m−1) and low (2.5 dS m−1) salinity levels. In addition, the highest fruit firmness was recorded at high salinity level (9.5 dS m−1), but there was no significant difference to that recorded at medium salinity (6.0 dS m−1). Regarding tomato fruit color, the highest average values were recorded for the Ghandowra-F1 (2.51) and Forester-F1 (2.69) varieties at medium salinity (6.0 dS m−1), while the highest average color value for the Feisty-Red variety (1.54) was obtained at high salinity (9.5 dS m−1). On the other hand, the Brix, color, and firmness of tomato fruits were significantly affected by the storage temperature. Moreover, the mean Brix values (7.66%) were slightly higher at 12 °C storage temperature compared to those at 22 °C (7.38%). In general, the fruit color values gradually increased with the storage period, especially under 22 °C storage temperature, with peak color values of 2.73, 2.70, and 1.66 recorded on the 12th day of the storage period for Ghandowra-F1, Forester-F1, and Feisty-Red, respectively. Tomato fruit firmness decreased faster with the storage period at 22 °C compared to the storage temperature of 12 °C. However, the highest average values of fruit firmness for Ghandowra-F1 (9.37 N cm−1) and Forester-F1 (9.41 N cm−1) recorded at control condition were not significantly different those recorded on the 8th day of storage at 12 °C storage temperature. By contrast, the highest average value of fruit firmness for Feisty-Red (8.85 N cm−1) recorded at control condition was not significant than that recorded on the 4th day of the storage period at 12 °C storage temperature (8.82 N cm−1). Overall, tomato fruits can be stored at 12 °C temperature for up to 20–24 days, without negative effects on fruit quality.

Assessment of Chinese primary school mathematics teachers’ knowledge of students’ misconceptions regarding space and shape

ABSTRACT The study aimed to establish an assessment model for mathematics teachers’ knowledge of students’ misconceptions in the Space and Shape domain, develop the testing tool, investigate and analyse the overall and differences in performance, and propose suggestions for improvement. The assessment model included content knowledge and performance standards. The content knowledge standard included cognition and content dimensions. The cognition dimension was subdivided into predicting the misconceptions, interpreting the misconceptions, analysing the reasons and teaching strategies to correct misconceptions. According to the division of Space and Shape in official curriculum standard, the content dimension was subdivided into Recognition of graphics, Measurement, Motion, and Location. 701 Chinese mathematics teachers from 8 provinces were involved to verify the assessment model. Item response theory was used to estimate teachers’ performance, and combinations of response categories was used to divide the teachers’ performance into three response levels: Low, Medium and High. 81% of teachers were performing at Medium and High response levels. Teachers performed the worst in Recognition of graphics and the best in Measurement. The worst performance occurred in analysing the reasons, the best in interpreting the misconceptions. These results have provided evidences for adjusting teacher activities, improving teacher education courses and teachers training.

Regional Differences in Life Expectancy in Russia Through the Lens of Epidemiological Transition

An immense territory of Russia with several climatic zones and, accordingly, a fundamentally different styles of life, inevitably results in pronounced varieties in the levels and structure of mortality across the regions of the country. Since the scale and sustainability of differences in mortality in Russia can be considered an entire epidemiological epoch, the evaluation of them through the lens of epidemiological transition seems methodologically appropriate. Regional differences are regarded as a kind of projection of evolution in time, though taking into account modern realities. The analysis of regional differences in mortality is based on such indicators as life expectancy, structure of mortality, i.e., predominantly endogenous to exogenous causes of death ratio, as well as the average age of death from predominantly endogenous causes calculated on the basis of life tables by cause of death. The study showed that according to the periodization of epidemiological transition only Moscow and St. Petersburg are at the final phase of the 3rd stage and are moving to the 4th stage of epidemiological development. Meanwhile, the burden of exogenous and preventable pathologies precludes the completion of the 3rd stage in the regions with high life expectancy according to Russian criteria. The stadial nature of epidemiologic development of Russian regions is currently conditioned by socio-economic and medical determinants, with more pressing medical determinants in regions with high and medium levels of life expectancy and socio-economic factors prevailing in regions with low life expectancy.

Elevated stress-responsive biomarkers are associated with HIV acquisition in young women in rural South Africa: A HPTN 068 case cohort study.

Biological markers of stress have been associated with HIV progression and pathogenesis but not with HIV incidence. We sought to determine if elevated stress-responsive biomarkers would be associated with incident HIV among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW). We conducted a case-cohort study within the HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 068 study among 949 AGYW in South Africa. Cases were AGYW who tested HIV-positive during the eight-year follow-up. Unmatched controls were randomly selected from the HIV-negative population at enrollment. Dried blood spots from cases and controls were tested from enrollment (2011-2012) for C-reactive protein (CRP), herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) antibody titers, and cytomegalovirus (CMV) antibody titers. Cox proportional hazards models estimated the association between each biomarker and time to incident HIV. Compared to AGYW with the lowest CRP levels, those with medium and high CRP levels had a higher hazard ratio (HR) of incident HIV (HR: 1.45, 95% CI: 0.95, 2.21; HR: 1.50, 95% CI: 0.98,2.30, respectively), although not statistically significant. The relative hazard of incident HIV was also higher among AGYW who were CMV seropositive vs. seronegative (low antibodies HR: 2.18, 95% CI: 1.2,3.87; medium HR: 2.25, 95% CI: 1.28,3.95; high HR: 1.78, 95% CI: 0.99,3.21). Those with the highest HSV-1 antibody levels experienced an increased hazard of HIV compared to those who were HSV-1 seronegative (HR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.03,2.44). Biological stress may increase AGYW's susceptibility to HIV acquisition through changes in immune function, viral infection, and increased biological vulnerability to disease.

Creep Failure Characteristics and Mathematical Modeling of High-Density Polyethylene Geomembranes under High Stress Levels.

To explore the creep characteristics of geomembrane under different tensile stresses, a series of creep tests were carried out on high-density polyethylene (HDPE) geomembrane specimens. For the interpretation and fitting of the experimental data, refined approximation functions were proposed. Particular attention was paid to the creep failure behavior under high tensile stresses, i.e., 70%, 80%, and 90% of maximum peak stress. To investigate the effects of size on the mechanical response, experiments with two different membrane thicknesses were conducted. The results obtained under high stress levels were compared with creep tests at medium and low stress levels. Depending on load level, different creep characteristics can be distinguished. In the secondary creep state, the creep velocity is higher for higher load levels. In contrast to the medium and low load levels, the geomembrane under high stresses underwent the tertiary creep stage after instantaneous deformation and primary and secondary creep stages. In some tests, it was observed that under very high stress levels, creep velocity does not necessarily follow the expected trend and creep rupture can occur within a short time. For numerical simulation, an improved mathematical model was proposed to reproduce in a unified manner the experimental data of the whole non-linear evolution of creep elongation under different stress levels.

Development of video mind mapping-based teaching materials on relations and functions to increase junior high school students' learning motivation

This study aims to produce teaching materials based on video mind mapping on relations and functions to increase student learning motivation. The research is a type of Research and Development (R&D) using the ADDIE development model but is only limited to the Development stage. The research instruments used in this study were validation sheets, test questions, and interviews. The subjects of this study were three students of class VIII at MTsN 1 Majalengka with high, medium, and low ability levels. The results indicate that the developed video mind mapping-based teaching materials have met valid criteria, making them suitable as alternative teaching materials to increase student learning motivation. The implementation of video mind mapping-based teaching materials shows promise in enhancing students' motivation to learn relations and functions, suggesting potential broader application in educational settings.

Immunoprophylaxis of HBV infection in medical personnel

The intensity and duration of the preservation of the immune response to viral hepatitis B after vaccination among the medical staff of the polyclinic was studied. The features of postvaccinal immunity in medical staff have been revealed. No postvaccinal antibodies were found in 35 % of the examined patients. The intensity of post-vaccination immunity to the HBV virus among various groups of medical staff at the polyclinic depends on the type of professional activity. Revaccination led to the appearance of antibodies to the HB virus (anti-HBs) in 100 %, and the intensity of immunity was at medium or high levels.

Precision nitrogen management strategies and high yielding genotypes for enhanced growth, yield, economics, and nitrogen use efficiency in wheat

Current agricultural production systems face challenges of poor economic returns, soil fatigue and negative environmental outcomes from excess use of nitrogenous fertilizers, especially in wheat production under middle gangetic plains. To overcome these challenges, the current study was conducted to optimize nitrogen management in different wheat genotypes with precision nitrogen management tools and approaches. The field experiment was laid out in split-plot design, with three genotypes assigned to the main plot and six nitrogen management practices to the sub-plot. The soil of the experimental field was sandy loam in texture, with low levels of organic carbon and available nitrogen, and medium levels of available phosphorus and potassium. Results revealed that the HD-2967 genotype outperformed others in terms of growth, grain yield (4.7 and 4.81 t ha−1), gross return (1417.41 and 1505.48 US$ ha−1), net return (953.43 and 1019.76 US$ ha−1), and B-C ratio (2.04 and 2.08) in 2015-16 and 2016-17, respectively. Among the nitrogen management practices, application of 150 kg N ha−1 in three equal splits demonstrated improved crop growth, grain yield (4.7 and 4.81 t ha−1), and economic returns (gross return, 1500.40 and 1607.65 US$ ha−1, net return, 1025.40 and 1110.38 US$ ha−1 and B: C ratio, 2.17 and 2.23) in 2015-16 and 2016-17, respectively. However, it resulted in higher nitrogen losses. Green seeker guided N application significantly reduced apparent nitrogen losses compared to all other nitrogen applied treatments. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing wheat production by selecting appropriate genotypes and implementing precision nitrogen management techniques to enhance yield, profitability, and environmental sustainability.

Exploring the relationship between burnout, learning engagement and academic self-efficacy among EFL learners: A structural equation modeling analysis

This study examined the role of learning engagement and academic self-efficacy in the feelings of burnout among English as a foreign language (EFL) students from China (N = 197). Three closed-ended scales were employed in the quantitative phase of this study to explore the relationship between the latent variables. Additionally, a hypothetical model was created and verified using Pearson's correlation analysis, structural equation modeling (SEM), path analysis, and mediating effect test. The investigation results demonstrated that while learning engagement was positively correlated with medium levels of academic self-efficacy, student burnout was inversely correlated with both variables. Among Chinese EFL students, academic self-efficacy and learning engagement are predictive of burnout, and learning engagement can act as a mediator to reduce the impact of academic self-efficacy on burnout. The implications for EFL teaching and learning are discussed in light of those findings, including enhancing EFL students' self-efficacy to reduce pessimism and increase academic achievement.

The relationship between fear of birth and feelings of security

Fear of childbirth is experienced in the pre-pregnancy period, during pregnancy and in the postpartum period, and the source of fear may vary in each period. It is stated that the experience and fear of childbirth during the birth process also have effects in the postnatal period and it is thought that it may affect feelings of security. This research was conducted in a descriptive and relationship-seeking manner to determine the relationship between fear of birth and feelings of postpartum security. Survey Form, Wijma Birth Expectation/Experience Scale Version B and Mothers’ Postpartum Sense of Security Scale were used to collect data. It was determined that there was a negative and significant relationship between birth expectation/experience and mothers’ feelings of postpartum security (β = − 0.423. p < .001). It has been established that fear of birth is related to mothers’ feelings of birth security, and as the fear of birth increases, the feeling of postpartum security decreases. As a result of the research, it was reported that mothers with high education levels, medium and high income levels, planned pregnancies, receiving prenatal care, and support from their relatives felt safer.

Genomic Characterization and Antimicrobial Resistance of Four Mcr-1 Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Human and Environment Sources, Hainan Province, Tropical China

Background: The rapid spread of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria, particularly the increase in carbapenem-resistant strains, has led to a critical level of resistance in clinical settings. Colistin is considered to be the last line of defense against these gram-negative bacteria. Objectives: This study aims to investigate the genetic characteristics and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns of four mcr-1 (mobile colistin resistance) Escherichia coli isolates from various sources in Hainan Province, tropical China, and to determine their genetic relationships with both domestic and global strains. Methods: Samples were collected from swimming pools, marine beaches, and beach personnel in Haikou and Sanya, Hainan Province, China. E. coli isolates were obtained, multilocus sequence typing was performed, and the mcr family resistance genes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction. The mobile sequences, AMR genes, phenotypes, and virulence genotypes of the mcr-1 strains were analyzed. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted to investigate the relationships between the mcr-1E. coli strains and those in the NCBI database. Results: In the current study, the mcr-1 resistance gene was detected in 4 strains, accounting for 2.94% (4/136) of the total. The 4 strains of E. coli were isolated from a freshwater swimming pool, a pool wall, seawater, and a human body. Among the four strains, the minimum inhibitory concentration of polymyxin was 8 mg/L, except for one strain, which showed low-level resistance at 4 mg/L. All four strains showed complete resistance to ampicillin, three were resistant to compound sulfamethoxazole and chloramphenicol, and all strains were sensitive to other common antibiotics. The virulence genes cfaA, cfaB, cfaC, and cfaD/cfaE were detected in all E. coli strains. The insertable sequence IS3 was the most widely distributed type. Three isolates were identified as ST987, whereas the isolate from marine sources was identified as ST24. Comparison of the core genes of the strains indicated that the four strains were closely related to the Chrysomya sp. from Northern Thailand. Conclusions: The four mcr-1 genes can mediate low to medium levels of colistin resistance, facilitating their dissemination within the population and the environment. It is crucial to trace the source of multidrug-resistant bacteria in recreational water, which is in direct contact with humans, and to reduce the risks to human health through effective supervision.

Antibiotic Contamination Characteristics and Ecological Risk Assessment in Soils of Large-scaled Culturing Farms

The soils of different land use types in large-scaled culturing farms were collected for detecting the contents of antibiotics in these soils by applying high-performance liquid chromatography, analyzing the relationship between antibiotics and physicochemical properties of soils, as well as performing the ecological risk assessment of antibiotics in the soils of culturing farms by using the risk quotient method. The results showed that the surrounding soils of the culturing farm were contaminated by antibiotics to varying degrees, in which tetracycline had the highest detection rate and average content. Among the soils of different land use types, the average contents of antibiotics were ranked as corn field （1.48 μg·kg-1）&gt;0.5 meters outside the farm fence （1.27 μg·kg-1）&gt;yam field （1.03 μg·kg-1）&gt;pasture （0.69 μg·kg-1）&gt;woodland （0.18 μg·kg-1）. According to the redundancy analysis results, the total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and cellulase had a great impact on the antibiotic content in soil samples. It can be concluded from the ecological risk assessment that oxytetracycline （OTC）, chlortetracycline （CTC）, doxycycline （DOC）, ciprofloxacin （CIP）, and tetracycline （TC） were categorized in the low risk level. Sulfadiazine （SM） and sulfadimidine （SM2） were categorized in the medium and high risk levels. It is of the upmost importance to control the antibiotic contamination in surrounding soils of culturing farms and to strengthen the management of veterinary antibiotics.

The 3d response of a large-scale masonry arch bridge - part I: Performance under low and medium loading levels

Masonry arch bridges are characterised by three-dimensional (3D) behaviour when subjected to external eccentric loading (e.g., vehicle loads). The arch ring, abutments, backfill and spandrel walls may interact with each other in a complex manner, leading to a 3D mode of response that can have a significant impact on the initiation and propagation of damage. However, there is a dearth of experimental data from tests designed to investigate the 3D behaviour of masonry arch bridges, particularly under loading levels below those required to cause failure. This paper presents results from tests on a large-scale brickwork masonry arch bridge subjected to low- and mid-level static loads under laboratory conditions. Point loads of increasing magnitude were applied at different locations on the top of the backfill in order to investigate 3D response and damage accumulation. Details of the experimental setup, material characterisation, and the results obtained from static and repeated load tests at low- and mid-level load magnitudes are presented herein. Results demonstrate that the bridge exhibited a 3D mode of response under eccentric point loads. Loading at the mid-span resulted in greater deformation of the arch barrel compared to loading at the quarter- and three-quarter-span points, due to the shallower backfill depth over the crown. Under the mid-level loading, stiffness degradation was observed during the testing regime, suggesting an accumulation of damage in the bridge. Moreover, when loading was applied close to a spandrel wall, measurable out-of-plane deformation of the spandrel wall was observed, with this deformation increasing significantly as the load was increased from 150 kN to 250 kN. This results from a combination of increased lateral soil pressure and decreased shear resistance at the arch-spandrel wall interface.

Health Security and Cybersecurity: Analysis of Interdependencies

The development of medical digital platforms with data on patients, medical institutions and medicines, the growing use of IoT devices in medicine, the development of telemedicine accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic, the growth of big data-based treatment technologies – all this makes it necessary to ensure reliable cyberdefence in the field of public health, maintain the confidentiality of financial information of clinics and health insurance companies, protect databases with patient records from hacking, and ensure secure communication. The article uses economic and mathematical modelling to study the relationship between two well-known international indexes and their components: The Global Health Security Index (GHSI) and the Global Cybersecurity Index (GCSI) for 190 countries in 2021. The input base included 6 cybersecurity subindexes and 7 health security subindexes for 2021. Based on the iterative divisive k-means method, all countries were grouped into 3 clusters. The first cluster includes 55 countries (medium levels of the studied indexes), the second – 49 (high levels), the third – 86 (low levels). The feasibility of dividing into clusters and choosing their optimal number is substantiated by means of variance analysis. Via the methods of Sigma-restricted parameterisation, Univariate Tests of Significance, Pareto Chart of t-Values and correlation analysis, all factors, without exception, proved to be relevant. Due to the OLS method, multiple linear regressions describing the relationships between various components of these indexes and their integral values are generated. The statistical significance of the factors included in the model is confirmed, and the model itself is tested for adequacy and accuracy. On the basis of correlation analysis, existence and magnitude of statistical relationship between the components of these indexes are revealed. The strongest correlations are observed between the integral values of these indexes, as well as between pairs of subindexes: 1) Legal Measures (GHSI component) and Prevention (GCSI component); 2) Technical Measures (GHSI component) and Detection and Reporting (GCSI component). To identify the causal relationship between the groups of factors, a canonical analysis was carried out, which showed the GHSI parameters are causal and the GCSI parameters are resultant. The linear regression model showed a significant positive relationship between the GHSI and GCSI indexes.