Mediterranean-type Ecosystems Research Articles

Nitrogen and phosphorus content in plant species of Mediterranean ecosystems in Greece

The values of nitrogen phosphorus ratios measured in green parts of evergreen sclerophylls, seasonal dimorphic, deciduous and herbaceous plants found in Mediterranean-type ecosystems of Greece, form a homogeneous group, which is comparable only with those of analogous ecosystems of California but not with Mediterranean systems of the southern hemisphere.

The Annual Rhythm of Cambial Activity in Two Woody Species of the Greek “Maquis”

Summary The annual rhythm of cambial activity is compared in Arbutus unedo and Quercus coccifera, two typical shrubs of the maquis in the Mediterranean-type ecosystem of Greece. The growth activity of the species is more or less focused on the favourable periods. The behaviour of Arbutus unedo revealed stronger correlation with moisture conditions, while that of Quercus coccifera seems to be more restricted in time and less controlled by moisture availability. These results indicate that both species, although growing together have different adaptive strategies to the same climatic conditions.

The pheno-morphology of selected plants in mediterranean-type ecosystems of South Africa

SummaryIn the mediterranean-type climate of South Africa the difference in rainfall is reflected in the differences in vegetative growth periods, flowering seasonality and seasonality types.In the low winter rainfall area growth periods of plants were restricted to winter and spring, and flowering periods to spring. Summer shedders were also found in the arid area and not in the higher rainfall area.In the area with a higher, all year, but predominantly winter rainfall, growth and flowering was found throughout the year. Temperature seemed to be correlated with growth periods.

A Comparison of Ecosystems in Mediterranean Australia and Southern Africa: Nutrient-Poor Sites at the Barrens and the Caledon Coast

Similar ecosystems may be expected where climates and landforms on different continents match (119, 137). Detailed comparisons have been made of the Mediterranean Basin and those areas in North and South America that have a mediterranean climate (86, 93, 94). These studies have a bearing on the most basic of all ecological concepts: the relationship between the environment and the adaptations of the organisms living in it. Unfortunately, intercontinental comparisons have paid limited attention to southern Africa and have largely overlooked Australia (17, 18, 24). The climate and very infertile soil of these two continents are similar, yet there are many obvious differences between their ecosystems (22, 97, 107, 122, 135). The Third International Conference on Mediterranean Type Ecosystems, held in South Africa in 1980, emphasized our ignorance of the role of nutrients in determining similarities and differences between continents, and plans were made for a fourth conference to be held in Western Australia in 1984. This article's comparison of two carefully chosen areas, the Barrens in mediterranean Australia and the Caledon coast in mediterranean southern Africa, is therefore timely.

Reproductive system and colonizing strategy of two species of Carduus (compositae).

Carduus pycnocephalus and C. tenuiflorus are two important weed species in mediterranean-type ecosystems. They were studied in their native habitat in southern France from April to December 1981.These species both produce two types of seed (achenes) in each capitulum. Those in the center are not dormant and are easily dispersed, while the outer ones can be dormant and have no apparent means of dispersal. Our observations on pollen transfer and self fertilization show that the dispersable, non dormant seeds have a low probability of inbreeding, while the potentially dormant, non dispersed seeds have a high probability of inbreeding. The significance of this dimorphism is discussed.

Resource Use by Chaparral and Matorral. A Comparison of Vegetation Function in Two Mediterranean Type Ecosystems. Ecological Studies: Analysis and Synthesis, Volume 39. P. C. Miller

<i>Resource Use by Chaparral and Matorral. A Comparison of Vegetation Function in Two Mediterranean Type Ecosystems. Ecological Studies: Analysis and Synthesis, Volume 39</i>. P. C. Miller

Components of Productivity of Mediterranean-Climate Regions: Basic and Applied Aspects. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Photosynthesis, Primary Production and Biomass Utilization in Mediterranean-Type Ecosystems, Held in Kassandra, Greece, September 13-15, 1980.N. S. Margaris , H. A. Mooney

<i>Components of Productivity of Mediterranean-Climate Regions: Basic and Applied Aspects. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Photosynthesis, Primary Production and Biomass Utilization in Mediterranean-Type Ecosystems, Held in Kassandra, Greece, September 13-15, 1980.</i>N. S. Margaris , H. A. Mooney

Community Structure and Productivity in Ceanothus Chaparral and Coastal Sage Scrub of Southern California

Adjacent, 22—yr—old stands of evergreen chaparral and drought—deciduous coastal sages scrub at a low—elevation site near the ocean in the Santa Monica Mountains of California were analyzed. The chaparral is a pure stand of Ceanothus megacarpus and has an aboveground live biomass of 6482 g/m2. The coastal sage scrub is co—dominated by Salvia leucophylla and Artemisia californica and has an aboveground live biomass of 925 g/m2. Attached and standing dead wood comprise 15% and 21% of the total live and dead biomass in the chaparral and coastal sage scrub, respectively, Mean annual aboveground primary production in Ceanothus chaparral is 1056 g°m—2°yr—1, while litterfall is 801 g°m—2°yr—1. In the coastal sage scrub, mean annual primary production is 355 g°m—2°yr—1 and litterfall, 199 g°m—2°yr—1. The drought—deciduous shrubs begin leaf production 1—3 wk after the initial winter rains and continue for 5—7 mo; thereafter, the shrubs lose most of their leaves in the summer. Twig and flower/fruit production continues for several months after leaf growth has ceased. Artemisia and Salvia have no measurable growth for 2 and 4 mo, respectively. In Ceanothus, leaf production begins 3—4 mo after the first rains of winter, and may or may not continue through the summer. Wood production and flowering/fruiting coincide with foliage production. Ceanothus may show measurable aboveground growth for up to 11 mo of the year. Flower production does not occur each year; however, in a flowering year, the production of all reproductive structures is very high (151 g°m—2°yr—1). The length of the measurable aboveground growing season in the two growth forms does not fully account for the great differences in their annual net primary production. The high net primary production in the Ceanothus chaparral is much greater than other evergreen, mediterranean—type ecosystems and most temperate shrub communities. This high productivity is attributed to a tolerance of low water potentials, high photosynthetic rates, and an efficient use of nutrients in C. megacarpus. The high production in Ceanothus chaparral and the potential for reproduction in the coastal sage scrub suggest that the commonly ascribed senscence of mature shrub stands may not occur in these communities.

Decomposers and the fire cycle in a phryganic (East Mediterranean) ecosystem

Dehydrogenase activity, cellulose decomposition, nitrification, and CO2 release were measured for 2 years to estimate the effects of a wildfire over a phryganic ecosystem. In decomposers' subsystem we found that fire mainly affected the nitrification process during the whole period, and soil respiration for the second post-fire year, when compared with the control site. Our data suggest that after 3-4 months the activity of microbial decomposers is almost the same at the two sites, suggesting that fire is not a catastrophic event, but a simple perturbation common to Mediterranean-type ecosystems.

Monocharacter growth form types as a tool in an analytic-synthetic study of growth forms in mediterranean type ecosystems — A proposal for an inter-regional program

Monocharacter growth form types as a tool in an analytic-synthetic study of growth forms in mediterranean type ecosystems — A proposal for an inter-regional program

Environmental contraints to vegetation form in mediterranean type ecosystems

Environmental contraints to vegetation form in mediterranean type ecosystems

Definition and characterization of Mediterranean-type ecosystems

Definition and characterization of Mediterranean-type ecosystems

Trophic ecology of Athene owls in mediterranean-type ecosystems: a comparative analysis

Populations of Athene owls are found in the mediterranean-type ecosystems of Chile (A. cunicularia cunicularia, formerly in the genus Speotyto), California (A. cunicularia hypugea), and Spain (A. noctua). We assess whether the tropic ecology of Athene owls in these chaparral habitats is more similar between these three populations than between any of these and populations in a different kind of habitat. The control is provided by a population of A. cunicularia hypugea inhabiting a grassland in Colorado. The trophic ecology of the four populations is characterized qualitatively by the taxonomic composition of the diets and quantitatively by means of trophic diversity measurements and computation of the mean weights of mammalian prey taken. At the intraspecific level of resolution, Chilean and Californian populations are more similar to each other than they are to the population in Colorado. At the interspecific level of resolution, A. noctua is not more similar to chaparral A. cunicularia than it is to grassland A. cunicularia. The differences between Colorado A. cunicularia and the conspecific populations in Chile and California are shown to be associated with a discrepancy in the size configuration of the owl assemblages between grassland and chaparral habitats, and perhaps to differences in the relative abundance of small-sized mammals. The dissimilarities in the trophic ecology between Spanish A. noctua and the New World A. cunicularia are hypothesized to stem from differential availability of amphibian and reptile prey.

Harvesting before a fire: How much energy and organics can Greece gain?

Mediterranean-type climate regions like Greece have to face many problems, such as fuel, wood, paper and animal food deficiencies. In addition, great amounts of money are spent every year on fire fighting. The suggested harvesting of mediterranean-type ecosystems every 10 years will contribute to a combined solution of all these problems.

Mediterranean Type Ecosystems. Origin and Structure.

Mediterranean Type Ecosystems. Origin and Structure.

Mediterranean Type Ecosystems. Origin and Structure

Section I: Convergence in Ecosystems.- 1. Historical View of the Concept of Ecosystem Convergence.- Section II: Physical Geography of Lands with Mediterranean Climates.- 1. distribution and Peculiarity of Mediterranean Ecosystems.- 2. Climatographical Comparisons between Chile and the Western Coast of North America.- 3. The Physiography of the Mediterranean Lands with Special Emphasis on California and Chile.- 4. Geomorphological Processes and Characteristic Landforms in the Mediterranean Regions of the World.- 5. Analogies between the Soil and Vegetation Types of Italy, Greece, and California.- Section III: Vegetation in Mediterranean Climate Regions.- 1. Structure and Function of the California Chaparral - an Example from San dimas.- 2. Structure and Functional Response of Ecosystems in the Mediterranean Climate of Australia.- 3. The Role of the Secondary Plant Chemistry in the Evolution of the Mediterranean Scrub Vegetation.- 4. Comparative Anatomy of Sclerophylls of Mediterranean Climatic Areas.- Section IV: Soil Systems in Mediterranean Climate Regions.- 1. Soil Animals in Latitudinal and Topographical Gradients of Mediterranean Ecosystems.- 2. Microbial Activity under Seasonal Conditions of Drought in Mediterranean Climates.- 3. Soil-Vegetation Relationships in Mediterranean Ecosystems of Southern France.- Section V: Plant Biogeography.- 1. The Evolution of Mediterranean Floras.- 2. History of the Mediterranean Ecosystem in California.- Section VI: Animal Biogeography and Ecological Niche.- 1. Biogeography of Soil Beetles in Mediterranean Regions.- 2. Biogeography of Pseudoscorpions in the Mediterranean Regions of the World.- 3. Parallel Evolution and Bird Niches.- 4. Ecological Convergence of the Lizard Faunas of the Chaparral Communities in Chile and California.- 5. Segregation of Lizard Niches in the Mediterranean Region of Chile.- Section VII: Human Activities Affecting Mediterranean Ecosystems.- 1. Man's Impact on the Several Regions with Mediterranean Climates.- 2. The Human Degradation of Mediterranean Landscapes in Israel.

Ammonium in the Nutrition of Higher Green Plants

Previous articleNext article No AccessAmmonium in the Nutrition of Higher Green PlantsJose H. PardoJose H. Pardo Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The Quarterly Review of Biology Volume 10, Number 1Mar., 1935 Published in association with Stony Brook University Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/394474 Views: 2Total views on this site Citations: 15Citations are reported from Crossref PDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Allen V. Barker, Harry A. Mills Ammonium and Nitrate Nutrition of Horticultural Crops, (Apr 2011): 395–423.https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118060759.ch8J. R. Huffman Effects of enhanced ammonium nitrogen availability for corn, Journal of Agronomic Education 18, no.22 (Mar 2020): 93–97.https://doi.org/10.2134/jae1989.0093A. Rabinovitch-Vin Influence of Nutrients on the Composition and Distribution of Plant Communities in Mediterranean-Type Ecosystems of Israel, (Jan 1983): 74–85.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-68935-2_4K. R. Middleton, G. S. Smith A comparison of ammoniacal and nitrate nutrition of perennial ryegrass through a thermodynamic model, Plant and Soil 53, no.44 (Dec 1979): 487–504.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02140720Julius Praglin The excitation of single striated muscle fibers, Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 43, no.33 (Jun 1954): 311–333.https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1030430306Dexter M. Easton Excitability related to spike size in crab nerve fibers, Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 40, no.22 (Oct 1952): 303–315.https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1030400210Gerard S. Weissman GROWTH AND NITROGEN ABSORPTION OF WHEAT SEEDLINGS AS INFLUENCED BY THE AMMONIUM : NITRATE RATIO AND THE HYDROGEN-ION CONCENTRATION, American Journal of Botany 37, no.99 (Nov 1950): 725–738.https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1950.tb11064.xE. G. Mulder Investigations on the nitrogen nutrition of pea plants, Plant and Soil 1, no.22 (Aug 1948): 179–212.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02080925H. E. Street, A. E. Kenyon, G. M. Watson The assimilation of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen by detached potato sprouts, Annals of Applied Biology 33, no.44 (Nov 1946): 369–381.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.1946.tb06326.xC. A. Ludwig THE AVAILABILITY OF DIFFERENT FORMS OF NITROGEN TO A GREEN ALGA, American Journal of Botany 25, no.66 (Jun 1938): 448–458.https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1938.tb09243.xD. R. Hoagland Some aspects of the salt nutrition of higher plants, The Botanical Review 3, no.66 (Jun 1937): 307–334.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02872346Gordon T. Nightingale The nitrogen nutrition of green plants, The Botanical Review 3, no.33 (Mar 1937): 85–174.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02870148H. S. McKEE A REVIEW OF RECENT WORK ON THE NITROGEN METABOLISM OF PLANTS, PART I, New Phytologist 36, no.11 (Feb 1937): 33–56.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1937.tb06902.xPAUL WEISS SELECTIVITY CONTROLLING THE CENTRAL-PERIPHERAL RELATIONS IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM, Biological Reviews 11, no.44 (Oct 1936): 494–531.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-185X.1936.tb00919.xPar LOUIS LAPICQUE. LA CHRONAXIE EN BIOLOGIE GÉNÉRALE, Biological Reviews 10, no.44 (Oct 1935): 483–514.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-185X.1935.tb00494.x