Medicine Usage Research Articles

Ayurvedic management of infantile atopic dermatitis: A case report

Abstract From the Ayurvedic perspective, the clinical presentation of atopic dermatitis (AD) can correlate to Vata-Kapha Pradhana Kushta. We present the case of a 1-year-old male child who presented to the outpatient department with symptoms of dryness of the skin and maculopapular rashes associated with itching over the chest, abdomen, and cheeks, persisting for the last 6 to 8 months. Applying calamine lotion and betamethasone valerate cream for 3 months provided temporary relief. Regular usage of the topical medicines resulted in altered pigmentation. Parents of the child sought out Ayurvedic treatment due to the limited efficacy of previous treatments and the recurrent nature of the symptoms. As per Ayurveda, the case was diagnosed as Vata-Kapha Pradhana Kushta. The interventions used for the management include the internal administration of Mahatikthaka Gritha to the mother and child, Gopichandanadi Gulika (tablet) taken orally by powdering and mixing with honey, and Eladi Keram (oil) for local application. There was a considerable reduction in the disease symptoms in the first 3 months; symptoms were completely relieved after 6 months, and there was no recurrence. The results of this case study indicate that Ayurvedic interventions can manage infantile atopic dermatitis and have the potential to prevent or reduce the possibility of recurrence.

Awareness, Attitude and Usage of Generic Medicines among Prescribers and Patients in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital; A Cross-Sectional Study

Awareness, Attitude and Usage of Generic Medicines among Prescribers and Patients in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital; A Cross-Sectional Study

TPMGD: A genomic database for the traditional medicines in Pakistan

ObjectiveIn Pakistan, traditional medicines are an important component of the medical system, with numerous varieties and great demands. However, due to the scattered resources and the lack of systematic collection and collation, adulteration of traditional Pakistani medicine (TPM) is common, which severely affects the safety of their medicinal use and the import and export trades. Therefore, it is urgent to systematically organize and unify the management of TPM and establish a set of standards and operable methods for the identification of TPM. MethodsWe collected and organized the information on 128 TPMs with regard to their medicinal parts, efficacy, usage, and genetic material, based on Pakistan Hamdard Pharmacopoeia of Eastern Medicine: Pharmaceutical Codex. The genetic information of TPM is summarized from national center for biotechnology information (NCBI) and global pharmacopoeia genome database (GPGD). Furthermore, we utilized bioinformatics technology to supplement the chloroplast genome (cp-genome) data of 12 TPMs. To build the web server, we used the Linux + Apache + MySQL + PHP (LAMP) system and constructed the webpage on a PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) model view controller (MVC) framework. ResultsWe constructed a new genomic database, the traditional Pakistani medicine genomic database (TPMGD). This database comprises five entries, namely homepage, medicinal species, species identification, basic local alignment search tool (BLAST), and download. Currently, TPMGD contains basic profiles of 128 TPMs and genetic information of 102 TPMs, including 140 cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences and 119 mitochondrial genome sequences from Bombyx mori, 1 396 internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) sequences and 1 074 intergenic region (psbA-trnH) sequences specific to 92 and 83 plant species, respectively. Additionally, TPMGD includes 199 cp-genome sequences of 82 TPMs. ConclusionTPMGD is a multifunctional database that integrates species description, functional information inquiry, genetic information storage, molecular identification of TPM, etc. The database not only provides convenience for TPM information queries but also establishes the scientific basis for the medication safety, species identification, and resource protection of TPM.

Function and Mechanism of Abscisic Acid on Microglia-Induced Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's Disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD), as a neurologically implemented disease with complex etiological factors, has a complex and variable pathogenesis. Accompanying further research, neuroinflammation has been found to be one of the possible factors in its pathogenesis. Microglia, as intrinsic immune cells in the brain, play an important role in maintaining microenvironmental homeostasis in the brain. However, over-activation of neurotoxic microglia in PD promotes neuroinflammation, which further increases dopaminergic (DA) neuronal damage and exacerbates the disease process. Therefore, targeting and regulating the functional state of microglia is expected to be a potential avenue for PD treatment. In addition, plant extracts have shown great potential in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders due to their abundant resources, mild effects, and the presence of multiple active ingredients. However, it is worth noting that some natural products have certain toxic side effects, so it is necessary to pay attention to distinguish medicinal ingredients and usage and dosage when using to avoid aggravating the progression of diseases. In this review, the roles of microglia with different functional states in PD and the related pathways inducing microglia to transform into neuroprotective states are described. At the same time, it is discussed that abscisic acid (ABA) may regulate the polarization of microglia by targeting them, promote their transformation into neuroprotective state, reduce the neuroinflammatory response in PD, and provide a new idea for the treatment of PD and the selection of drugs.

Community Pharmacists' Identifying and Counseling of Breastfeeding Women: A Study from Jordan.

This study explored the approaches of Jordanian community pharmacists to identifying and counseling breastfeeding mothers regarding medication usage. This cross-sectional study used self-administered questionnaires. A convenience sample (n=381) of Jordanian community pharmacists was recruited through social media. The responses were statistically analyzed using IBM SPSS ver. 25.0 (IBM Corp., USA). The majority of recruited pharmacists were female (n=329, 86.4%). Asking every woman was Jordanian pharmacists' preferred approach to identifying breastfeeding women (n=211, 55.4%). The study showed that around one-third of the pharmacists (n=128, 33.6%) reported that they currently experienced queries regarding medication use during breastfeeding on a daily basis. Additionally, the majority (n=325, 85.3%) of pharmacists reported feeling confident, and 67.2% of them (n=256) reported feeling comfortable while giving advice to breastfeeding women. The surveyed pharmacists relied on different resources during their course of practice to answer queries related to medicine usage by breastfeeding mothers. Community pharmacists have continuous interactions with breastfeeding women. Pharmacists require reliable and updated data access to answer queries related to medication use while breastfeeding.

Time trends and regional variation in utilization of antidiabetic medicines in China, 2015-2022.

To assess the use of non-insulin antidiabetic medicines in China. We analysed the national procurement data for 29 non-insulin antidiabetic medicines from nine subgroups in China from 2015 to 2022. We estimated the number of defined daily doses (DDDs) procured per year in seven regions of China for nine subgroups and adjusted the data by the number of patients with diabetes. For each subgroup, the regional ratio was calculated by comparing the procurement per patient in each region with the procurement nationwide. The regional disparity was the difference between the highest and lowest regional ratios. We compared the medication patterns across regions. Nationally, between 2015 and 2022, the number of DDDs per patient increased from 14.45 to 47.37. The two most commonly used categories were sulphonylurea and biguanides, which increased from 7.04 to 15.39 (119%) and 3.28 to 11.11 (239%) DDDs per patient, respectively. The procurement of new drugs (dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists) increased quickly and had >5000% relative changes. Particularly for sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors, it increased from 0.08 to 5.03 DDDs (6662%). The southwest region had the highest relative change (319%), while the southern region had the lowest (118%). Biguanide and thiazolidinediones had the lowest (1.19) and highest level (2.21) of regional disparity in 2022, respectively. The procurement of non-insulin antidiabetic medicines in China has increased a lot from 2015 to 2022. In terms of DDDs per patient, sulphonylurea ranked first, followed by metformin. The procurement of new drugs increased greatly. A large regional disparity existed in medicine usage and patterns.

Delay from Onset of Symptoms to Reporting at a Cancer Care Facility and the Impact of Alternate Medicine Usage as a Contributing Factor

Cancer patients often present after a period of certain delay from onset of symptoms. By tradition, alternate medicine has been the commonly sought after remedy for them. The objective of this study was to evaluate the delay in presentation to a cancer care facility, with respect to advanced stage at diagnosis and the use of alternate medicine. A cross-sectional study was undertaken in a tertiary care hospital from eastern India over 5 months where patients with cytological or histological proof of malignancy were interviewed using a pretested questionnaire. Comparative analysis was done with cross tables along with Kruskal–Wallis test for association between delay and the independent variables (demographic parameters and alternate medicine usage). Predictors for delay were assessed with logistic regression analysis. Spearman's rank test was used to measure the direction and strength of correlation of delay and alternate medicine use against stage at presentation. One-thousand twenty-two subjects were interviewed of whom 61.44% presented in advanced stage (either stage III and IV). About 56.1% patients had 4 to 6 months delay, while 19.1% patients presented after more than 6 months. About 27.5% patients had history of initial alternate medicine usage. Progressive increase in subjects presenting in advanced stage was observed with corresponding increase in delay, from 62.63% in more than 1 month delay to 80.48% in more than 3-month delay and 98.47% in those having more than 6-month delay. More of alternate medicine users presented with significant delay versus who did not (96.08 vs. 67.34% for >3 months delay) and the difference further increased with longer delay. About 89.67% of those who had used alternate medicine presented in advanced stage. Among them, this percentage progressively escalated with increase in delay period. Positive correlation between delay (ρ = 0.742 for total sample) and (ρ = 0.592 for alternate medicine users) advanced stage was observed. This study found a considerably high occurrence of delay in presentation among cancer patients after onset of symptoms. This delay was strongly associated with advanced stage at diagnosis and alternate medicine use initially. It provides substantial information to formulate policies for implementing awareness on symptoms of cancer and benefits of its early detection.

Acute effects of mango leaf extract on cognitive function in healthy adults: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study.

Extracts made from the leaves of the edible mango plant (Mangifera indica L., Anacardiaceae) have a long history of medicinal usage, most likely due to the presence of high levels of mangiferin, a polyphenol compound. Previous research has demonstrated that mango leaf extract (MLE) can beneficially modulate cognitive function in both animals and humans. This study aimed to assess the effects of an acute dose of 300 mg MLE (standardised to contain ≥60% mangiferin) on cognitive performance and mood in healthy adults. In this double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study, 114 healthy men and women (18-43 years) received either MLE or a matched placebo at each testing visit (separated by at least 7 days). Cognitive performance (including the cognitive demand battery) and mood were measured at 30, 180, and 300 min post-dose. The results showed that, compared to placebo, the group taking MLE displayed a significant increase in serial 3 s and serial 7 s subtraction errors overall. There were no other significant effects on cognitive performance. The results of the current study suggest that the consumption of 300 mg MLE in the absence of an observed multitasking psychological stressor does not improve cognitive performance or mood at up to 300 min post-dose. Due to the very limited nature of the effects and since they were observed among many analyses, these findings should be treated with caution.Clinical trial registration: http://ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier [NCT05182450].

The Potential of Traditional Medicine in Combating COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objectives: The aim of the study was to review the existing data on traditional medicine in reducing the symptoms of COVID-19 patients with mild, moderate, and severe symptoms. We also investigated the adverse impact, patient outcome, source, and mode of action of traditional medicine. A brief comparison was made on adverse impacts and symptom alleviation of the commercially available drugs as well. Methods: We utilized PubMed, Scopus, WHO (GHL), and VHL in order to choose the eligible studies for the systematic review between July and August 2022. From a total of 12,263 studies, after a series of screening, 285 articles were identified in the final sample. The methodological evaluation was carried out accordingly. Results: There is a growing literature on the usage of traditional medicine for COVID-19. The majority of the studies have shown positive outcomes even though they were not carried out at diverse locations around the world. We identified that the majority (17.4%) of the traditional medicine was derived from plants. The average time in the disappearance of the symptoms was 8.8 days, whereas the disappearance of symptoms using conventional drugs (Remdesevir, Ivermectin, Tocilizumab, Baricitinib, Famotidine, Ensitrelvir and Molnupiravir) was around 12 days. The mode of action of traditional medicine was mostly the reduction of viral load (50%). In terms of the severity of the patients, most of the patients (37.5%) had mild symptoms. We also found that no major adverse impact was reported on administering the traditional medicine among the patients. Further, the majority of the study was carried out in the Asian region, mostly in China. Conclusion: Apart from expanding the study to different regions of the world, to improve the quality of data, larger-scale clinical studies in the Asian region are required.

Herbal medicines use among HIV/AIDS patients on antiretroviral therapy and its influence on viral suppression and CD4 count: A survey at a tertiary hospital in Tanzania

ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine the magnitude of concurrent use of herbal medicines with ART, its associated factors and effect on viral load suppression and CD4 count among people living with HIV. Study designThis was a cross-sectional study involving 375 HIV positive patients on ART attending at care and treatment clinic (CTC). MethodsData were obtained through face-to-face interviews using pre-structured questionnaires and patient's files through a checklist. Adherence was assessed though pill count method while CD4 count and viral load suppression were assessed using the Tanzania National guidelines for the management of HIV and AIDS. Data were analysed using STATA version 15. Independent predictors for herbal medicine use or viral suppression were assessed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. ResultsOut of 375 PLHIV, 132 (35%) reported to use herbal medicines concurrently with ART. Predictors for herbal medicines use were existence of chronic disease (OR = 4.53; CI = 1.87–10.95) (p = 0.001), male gender (OR = 0.57; CI = 0.35–0.93) (p = 0.02) and HIV clinical stage (OR = 1.71; CI = 0.99–2.94) (p = 005). PLHIV who used herbal medicines along with ART did not have a significantly higher chance of achieving viral suppression than PLHIV who did not use herbal medicines (OR = 1.42; CI = 0.71–2.82). There was no statistically significant difference on CD4 count (p = 0.8943) and viral load (p = 0.8612) between herbal medicines users and non-users. ConclusionThe utilization of herbal medicine among PLHIV on ART remains notably prevalent. Nonetheless, it is worth noting that despite the prevailing herbal medicine usage, there is no substantial effect on viral suppression. The primary determinants of the adoption of herbal medicines use were having chronic medical conditions and the stage of progression of the HIV infection.

Analysis of the Quality of Pharmaceutical Services at Outpatient Health Centers, East Sumba Regency, Indonesia

Public administration services are one way to demonstrate maximum government performance in providing welfare and meeting community needs. One important sector in public services is pharmaceutical services at Health Centers. This research uses a descriptive method with a cross-sectional design. Primary data was obtained through observation, interviews and documentation. Secondary data was obtained from the 2022 Health Centers Medicine Usage Report and Request Sheet (LPLPO) and the 2021 Health Centers Drug Requirements Plan (RKO). Of the 28 indicators of the quality of pharmaceutical services, 15 of the third indicators of the Health Centers meet the standards, 10 of the third indicators of the Health Centers do not meet the standards, 1 indicators only one Health Center meets and 2 indicators only two Health Centers fulfill. Factors that influence the quality of management of pharmaceutical preparations at the East Sumba Regency outpatient Health Centers are human resources that do not come from pharmacy. The quality of pharmaceutical services at the East Sumba Regency outpatient Health Centers still needs to be improved. Pharmacists are needed as pharmaceutical personnel to maximize pharmaceutical services to the community.

Unveiling antioxidant capacity of standardized chitosan-tripolyphosphate microcapsules containing polyphenol-rich extract of Portulaca oleraceae

The medicinal plant Portulaca oleraceae has a long history of usage in traditional medicine. Plant extracts have several interesting pharmacological effects but have some drawbacks that can be addressed via capsulation with chitosan. This work set out to do just that tally up the antioxidant effects of a polyphenol-rich P. olerace extract and see how capsulation affected them. The reflux extraction and response surface methodology (RSM) were carried out to optimize the phenolic and flavonoid content of P. oleraceae extract. Additionally, high-resolution mass spectrometry was employed to determine the secondary metabolite present in the extract. The microcapsules of extract-loaded chitosan were prepared using the ionic gelation method and characterized in terms of size, encapsulation efficiency (EE), and morphology of microcapsules. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) was used to observe the successful production of microcapsules with a principal component analysis (PCA) approach. The antioxidant activity of microcapsules was established using the radical scavenging method. According to RSM, the highest amounts of TPC and TFC were obtained at 72.894 % ethanol, 2.031 h, and 57.384 °C. The compounds were employed from the optimized extract of P. oleraceae including phenolics and flavonoids. The microcapsules were secured with a %EE of 43.56 ± 2.31 %. The characteristics of microcapsules were approved for the obtained product's successful synthesis according to the PCA. The microcapsules have antioxidant activity in a concentration-dependent manner (p < 0.0001). The findings of this study underscored the benefits of employing chitosan as a nanocarrier for extract, offering a promising approach to enhance plant-derived therapies.

Antioxidant and metabolic adjunctive treatment in late onset psychosis

IntroductionBasing on our previous findings of significant additional gain obtained from usage of adjunctive antioxidant medicine added to antipsychotic+antidepressant therapy in late-onset schizophrenia-like psychoses (LOP), the group often suffering of comorbid pathologies and experiencing substantial side-effects of drugs, we spred our approach to try “metabolic” medicines as adjunctives in LOP.ObjectivesTo reveal biochemical parameters of the blood cells which might be used for distinguishing subgroups of patients suffering with LOP for whom various adjunctive therapy (antioxidant, metabolic) would be advantageous.MethodsThe study included 59 patients 50-89 years old, with LOP (onset after 40 years), and 38 healthy peoples 51 – 84 years old. The activities of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) were determined spectrophotometrically in erythrocytes and platelets. Scores by PANSS were evaluated twice: before and on the 28-th day of antipsychotic treatment.ResultsSamples from control group were used for determination of the control ranges for levels of studied enzymatic activities. Enzymatic activity levels were analyzed in three groups of patients: group Gr1 (n=16) treated without adjunctive therapy, and two other groups (Gr2 and Gr3) treated with adjunctive medicines: antioxidant 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine succinate (Gr2, n=20), or “metabolic” medicines citicoline/cerebrolysin/cortexin/actovegin/gliatilin (Gr3, n=23).As compared with controls, activity of erythrocyte GR was decreased at baseline and after the treatment course in all patients’ groups (p&lt;0.01); in Gr2 significant decreases in baseline platelet GDH and GST activities were observed (p=0.005). Different significant links between biochemical parameters and scores by clinical scales before treatment were observed: in Gr1, erythrocyte GST activity positively correlated with scores by PANSS-Neg (R=0.61, p=0.012), by PANSS-Psy (R=0.54, p=0.032), and by PANSS (R=0.62, p=0.010), in Gr2, erythrocyte GST activity positively correlated with scores by PANSS-Pos (R=0.53, p=0.016), by PANSS-Psy (R=0.52, p=0.015), and by PANSS (R=0.60, p=0.005), in Gr3, platelet GR activity positively correlated with PANSS-Pos (R=0.50, p=0.014).ConclusionsWe have confirmed the additional favor (decrease in side-effect severity) obtained by distinct patient groups when treated with adjunctive antioxidant or “metabolic” therapy. Moreover, correlations revealed in the patient subgroups between enzymatic activities and scores by psychometric scales enable revealing those biochemical markers measurement of which facilitate differentiating the patients for whom the adjunctive medicines to antipsychotic+antioxidant treatment can positively influence the treatment outcome.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

IJCM_124A: A cross sectional study to assess the prevalence, pattern and predictors of complementary and alternative medicine use among non – communicable disease patients in the urban field practise area of a Government Medical College, Bengaluru

Background: In the current century, a significant challenge is addressing the escalating global burden of Non-Communicable Diseases. Integrating Alternative and Complementary Medicine into the existing healthcare system is a major initiative to combat this issue. Despite increased access to free healthcare facilities, heightened disease awareness, and widespread exposure through electronic and print media, the popularity of unprescribed alternative medicine persists in India. Objectives: To assess the Prevalence, Patterns, and Predictors of Complementary and Alternative Medicine use among non-communicable disease patients in the urban field practice area of Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bengaluru. Methodology: A cross-sectional study conducted among non-communicable disease patients residing in the urban field practice area of Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bengaluru. A sample size of 250 was determined based on a pilot study and systematic random sampling used for participant recruitment. Data collection utilized a pre-tested structured questionnaire. Data analysed using SPSS 21.0 Results: Among the 250 participants, 55 (22%) used both Allopathic and Alternative medicines, only 11 (20%) exclusively relying on Alternative systems. Ayurveda was the most utilized alternative medicine 15(27.2%), followed by Sidda 8(14.5%). Statistically significant associations were observed between the usage of Alternative medicine and patients’ religion and education. Conclusion: A relatively small percentage of adults exclusively used Alternative systems of medicine in this study. Ayurveda emerged as the predominant alternative medicine, followed by Sidda. The prevalence of alternative medicine was higher among Hindus and participants with education below the primary level. These findings shed light on the complex dynamics of healthcare.

IJCM_227A: Perception and attitude towards Generic drug prescription among Medical Undergraduates of Mangalore

Background: The assessment of future doctor’s perceptions and understanding about generic medicines may help in recognizing possible barriers to greater generic medicine usage. This study was done to explore and evaluate the perceptions and attitudes towards prescribing generic drugs among medical undergraduates of Mangalore and the factors associated with it. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted among Undergraduate Medical students of KMC, Mangalore. The data was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire and analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. Results were expressed in tables and figures. The chi-square test was used for comparison across the groups, and p-value &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The study was conducted among 282 students, with a mean age of 21 years. More than half of the participants,51.4%(n=145) were VI semester students. A higher proportion of them,72% were aware that generic medicine contains the same active substance(s) as the brand medicine, and 75.2% were aware that generic drug manufacturers need to conduct bioequivalence studies to show equivalence between the generic medicine and the branded medicine. Overall,64.9% agreed that generics are safe and 80.9% students think that there should be a training program to increase the awareness regarding generic drugs among doctors and patients. Conclusion: Although a good percentage of students had adequate knowledge about generic medicines; there was a significant proportion that expressed concerns about the same. These beliefs could represent a major hurdle to larger generic use and could lead to increased health-care expenses.

Anabolic Androgenic Steroids: A Review

Abstract: A lot of athletes, bodybuilders, and those who want to look better in general use AAS (anabolic androgenic steroids) to achieve their goals. These steroids can be found in nature or synthesised in a lab. These substances are attempts to mimic the anabolic (muscle-building) and androgenic (masculinizing) properties of testosterone. Steroids like testosterone, methandienone, Nandrolone Decanoate (ND), and methenolone are only a few examples of AAS that are commonly abused. Initially exclusive to professional bodybuilders, these substances are increasingly being tried out by amateur and professional athletes alike. The anabolic properties of AAS have led to their usage in medicine for the treatment of conditions like chronic renal disease and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Despite being banned by the World Anti-Doping Agency, anabolic steroid (AAS) use is estimated to be between 1% and 3% among the general population of the United States (WADA). Their negative effects on several organs, including the cardiovascular and reproductive systems, have aroused concerns. Therefore, there are serious health risks linked with the inappropriate use of AAS. More education is needed for both the general public and medical professionals on how to recognise symptoms, administer effective care, and prevent AAS-related disorders. The goal of this study is to examine the current state of our understanding regarding the functioning of AAS and their associated deleterious consequences.

Chemical composition and antifungal activity of Teucrium Leucocladum Boiss. essential oils growing in Egypt using two different techniques

BackgroundTeucrium Leucocladum Boiss. (TL) (family Lamiaceae), indigenous to Sinai, Egypt, and Mediterranean region, is considered a rich source of essential oils (EOs). This study aimed to extract the aerial parts essential oils utilizing hydro-distillation (HD) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), and analyze the volatile constituents by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). The antifungal and cytotoxic potentials against Candida albicans (C. albicans) and non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma A549, triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell lines, respectively, were likewise estimated. Subsequently, the three main compounds were docked into the crystal structure of Candida albicansN-myristoyltransferase (NMT) with myristoyl-COA and peptidic inhibitor (PDB 1IYK), and predictions of human absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) were performed to assess the drug-likeness of the compounds.ResultsThe chemical profile consisted of monoterpene hydrocarbons, oxygenated monoterpenes, sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, and oxygenated sesquiterpenes. The MAE oil sample (TLM) yield was found to be double that of the HD oil sample (TLH). TLM afforded an inhibitory diameter (13 mm) comparable to the ketoconazole (20 mm), TLM 100 mg/mL showed the strongest antifungal potential against C. albicans. The cytotoxic assay revealed moderate activity against A549 and MDA-MB-231. In silico studies using molecular docking were processed on the major components in which nerolidol had the best-fitting energy to inhibit C. albicans (− 7.21 kcal/mol), while ADME results established a promising first step for the potential drug bioavailability.ConclusionIn this research, essential oil acquired from the aerial parts proved to contain monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, which are classes of compounds known for their versatile usage in medicine. In vivo studies on Teucrium Leucocladum Boiss. active metabolites against clinical strains of fungi need to be further studied, as do the effects of combining the active compounds with antifungal agents to combat antimicrobial resistance.

Nutrition Status, Perspective and Usage of Traditional and Complementary Medicine among Cancer Patients in Malaysia: A Descriptive Study

Cancer sufferers typically seek a rapid alternative remedy, such as traditional and complementary medicine (TCM). Reliable data on the prevalence and patterns of TCM usage in cancer patients is essential for analyzing its implications for oncological treatment and establishing evidence-based research concepts with the possibility for TCM ongoing education and regulation. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and type of TCM as well as to explore patients' perspectives on TCM and nutrition status among cancer patients in Malaysia. A cross-sectional study was conducted at Institut Kanser Negara and Hospital Kuala Lumpur. The validated Malaysian Breast Cancer Survivorship Cohort (MyBCC) questionnaire and most recent medical record was used. Subjects were followed up after a month to obtain anthropometric data and nutritional intake. A total of 382 qualified patients with a median age of 51.38±11.73 years and 76.7% female were recruited. Ethnicity (p&lt;0.001), type of cancer (p=0.04), working status (p=0.015), and family history (p=0.012) were associated with TCM use. Ethnicity showed a significant adverse impact on TCM use [OR=-1.140 (95%CI: 0.170 – 0.603), p&lt;0.001]. There were significant changes in total BMI (p&lt;0.001) among subjects from pre-diagnosis to follow-up. Overall mean energy and protein intake was 22kcal/kg bodyweight and 0.75gram/kg bodyweight, respectively. Dietary supplements were the most often utilized TCM (79.7%), and 37.3% began using TCM before conventional treatment. Only 56.4% of subjects disclosed their TCM use to their doctor, and 61% believed TCM was useful in cancer treatment. There was no difference in nutritional status between T&amp;CM users and non-users. However, many newly diagnosed cancers patients have shown reluctance to pursue standard therapy, citing fear of side effects as the primary cause. Patient education is essential, and practitioners should be aware of the use and safety of TCM.

ETHNOBOTANICAL STUDY OF MEDICINAL PLANTS BASED ON LOCAL KNOWLEDGE IN SEDAYU VILLAGE, JUMANTONO, KARANGANYAR

Medicinal plants are one of the important aspects of traditional medicine development. The utilization of medicinal plants is a very valuable local wisdom and a culture that needs to be investigated more thoroughly so that knowledge about it does not become extinct. The purpose of this study is to determine the plant species that were used, the parts of plants that were used, and how to process them. This research was conducted in May 2023 in Sedayu Village, Jumantono District, Karanganyar Regency. The informants of this research were the people of Sedayu Village. The method used was snowball sampling which focuses on the community of medicinal plant users. The collected data was descriptively qualitatively and quantitatively assessed. The results showed that there were 52 species of medicinal plants used by the Sedayu Village community including ginger, kencur, turmeric, red betel, and ciplukan. The most utilized part of medicinal plants was the leaves and the most common processing method was boiling and drinking. With this information, it can be a reference for the village government and the community regarding how important a type of plant as a medicine to be preserved.

Herbal Healing Traditions: A Study of Folk Medicines Used by Traditional Healers of Sonamukhi Block, Bankura District, West Bengal, India

This ethnobotanical study aims to dive into the traditional medicinal practices used by tribals in Sonamukhi Block, Bankura district, West Bengal, India. Focusing on the use of medicinal herbs, the study carefully investigates the intergenerational wisdom kept by traditional healers, who play an important role in healthcare administration. Through conversations with traditional healers and patients, a thorough list of medicinal plants used to treat various diseases has been developed. The study demonstrates that traditional healers successfully use these medicinal plants to produce herbal medications, offering insights into the painstaking process of herbal medicine preparation that was explored in depth during the investigation. These findings highlight the significance of joint efforts to preserve indigenous knowledge and encourage the incorporation of traditional healing techniques into contemporary healthcare. The research study focused on the complicated junction of scientific methodologies and traditional beliefs, indicating the possibility for effective collaboration between scientific institutions and indigenous populations to improve healthcare practices. The studies' thorough examination of medicinal plant usage and herbal medication manufacturing emphasizes the importance of preserving, recording, and using this unique traditional knowledge for the benefit of world healthcare.