Indian System Of Medicine Research Articles

“Preparation of Sugar-Free Wheat through Ancient Indian Process” – An Analytical Study

Introduction: Wheat, a nutrient-dense cereal grass, has been eaten since the dawn of humanity. Various Ayurvedic literatures described its properties. They prescribed it for diabetes (Madhumeha), obesity (Sthaulya), hyperlipidemia (Medhaj and Kaphaj Rogas), and other diseases. Food preparation (Samskara) is highly valued in the Ancient System of Indian Medicine. It involves feeding ruminants (cows, horses, etc.) wheat and collecting the grains from their feces. It is believed that when grains pass through these ruminants' guts, they acquire beneficial properties that can be used to treat diseases such as diabetes. The current study involves feeding wheat grains (WGs) to cows and comparing the grains recovered from their excrement to conventional wheat that has not been subjected to this technique. Methods: Cows were fed with WGs. The grains were collected from cow dung. These grains were washed properly and shade dried. These grains were then subsequently tested for phytochemical analysis to compare the properties between unfed normal wheat and cow fed wheat. Results: Sugar levels in the cow fed partially digested wheat are below the detectable levels, and even the carbohydrates level is low as compared to normal unfed wheat. Conclusion: Sugar levels in the cow fed partially digested wheat are below the detectable levels, and even carbohydrates level is low while as compared to normal unfed wheat. Results synchronize to what has been mentioned in the Ancient Indian System of Medicine. This might be why it is advised for the management of Madhumeha diabetes mellitus.

Marching towards Amritkaal @G20 with Ayurveda – The Soft Power of India

We the Indians are fortunate to have G20 presidency this year i.e., 2023. India has lot to contribute to improve world’s economy by achieving sustainable development goals. Indian knowledge system of Ayurveda which is soft power of India is capable of achieving universal health. G20 is a platform to showcase the ancient wisdom of Ayurveda which is not only meant for human beings but also for animals, plants & environment. Ayurveda the traditional Indian system of medicine which is in our culture has the potential to become future medicine of the world. As the latest researches in conventional medicine & IT sector are only decoding the scientific aspects of the Ayurvedic fundamental concepts. As Ayurveda science has unique description of human body which is the latest global trend in research like Artificial intelligence and machine learning is indulged to know the complex description of human body as mentioned in ancient texts. Similarly, science of epigenetics has revealed the interaction of environment and their impact on human genes which was already described in traditional texts of India. The latest global research trend of merging ancient wisdom of subtle body with the science of quantum physics to bring wellness through integrative quantum health is achieving many mile stones. The science of bioinformatics and Ayurveda (Ayurinformatics) has already done a marvellous work for in silico molecular finding for Covid-19 which has proven the potential of Traditional Indian medicine in dreadful pandemic.

An Evidence-Based Review of Anti‐Obesity and Weight Lowering Effects of <i>Zingiber officinale</i> Roscoe and <i>Terminalia chebula</i> Retz

Since time immemorial, the Indian medical system, particularly Ayurveda and Siddha, has prioritised prevention and health over symptoms and drugs. Siddha, an Indian system of medicine, originated in ancient Thamilakam (currently Tamil Nadu, India). The combination of Inji (Zingiber officinale Roscoe), Sukku (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) and Kadukkai (Terminalia chebula Retz) as herbal therapy with numerous chemical constituents can be considered a better pharmacological approach than consuming individual ingredients and/or chemical constituents. This review is an attempt to summarize the evidence related to the anti-obesity and weight-lowering effects of ginger and T. chebula. The overall view shows an anti-hyperlipidemic effect of Zingiber officinale and Terminalia chebula.

A REVIEW ON SARA PARIKSHA OF AYURVEDA: AN IMPORTANT DETERMINANT TOOL FOR FUTURE PERSPECTIVE

The ancient system of Indian medicine (Ayurveda) has mentioned various physiological concepts; one of them is dhatu sarata. Acharya Charaka has described dashvidha aatur parikshya vishaya (ten important aspects for examination) for vaidya to enhance their knowledge. Dashvidha aatur pariksha bhava (ten-fold examination of patients) are physical constitution (prakruti), morbidity (vikruti), excellence of dushya or tissue elements (sara), compactness or tissues or organs (samhanana), measurement of body constituents (pramana), homologation (saatmya) psychic condition (satwa), power of intake and digestion of food (aaharshakti), power of performing exercise (vyayam shakti) and age (vayah) for bala pramaan. All nine except vikruti pariksha are used to assess bala of rogi and vikruti pariksha to access the bala of dosh. Sara pariksha is one component of dashvidha aatur pariksha, specifically used to examine the strength of an individual or dhatu. As Charaka stated, “Bala maan vishesh gyanartham”, means for assessment of bala. In this review article, we attempted to correlate the various dhatu sarata with modern physiological entities and to determine possible methods to assess dhatu sarata and its application by compiling the previous work done by multiple researchers.

Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum): Nutraceutical values, phytochemical, ethnomedicinal and pharmacological overview

• Current review deals with the traditional knowledge of active components in fenugreek ( Trigonella foenum-graecum ). • Fenugreek is highly potent medicinal herb which can be used in the modern medicine system. • Review provides several health & therapeutic benefits as well as nutraceutical properties of fenugreek. Trigonella foenum-graecum Linne, commonly known as fenugreek, is a herb with medicinal and nutraceutical values which has been used from ancient times in the Indian medicine system. According to the literature analysis, the presence of various bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, fibers, fatty acids, etc. contributes to the therapeutic potential of the herb. In context to its therapeutic competency, fenugreek has anti-biotic, anti-oxidant, anti-carcinogen properties and controls hyperglycemia in diabetic patients. The present review is an attempt to highlight the nutraceutical, health and therapeutic benefits of fenugreek.

The validated pharmaceutical standard operating procedure and quality control study of the coded polyherbal tablet formulation AYUSH SG-5

In India, Ayurvedic medicine has its own significance and dominance in the Indian Medicine System. The traditional medicine system of India is not well renowned due to the lack of standardization of herbal drugs. To assess the quality, purity, efficacy, potency, and safety of herbal drugs, standardization is the major aspect. Recently, World Health Organization (WHO) and European Medicines Agency (EMEA) have issued guidelines for the quality control of herbal drugs. The aim of the present study is the standardization of the coded polyherbal tablet formulation AYUSH SG-5. A scientific methodology was adopted to perform the standardization parameters like organoleptic parameters, microscopic, macroscopic, physico-chemical analysis, and high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) profiling of AYUSH SG-5. The HPTLC study has exhibited the presence of various phytochemicals such as 6-gingerol in Sunthi ( Zingiber officinale rhizomes), Epicatechin in Vetas (stem bark of Salix alba ), Colchicine in Suranjan ( Colchicum luteum corms), Resveratrol in Chopchini ( Smilax china tuber), Guggulsterone E & Z in Guggul ( Commiphora wightii resin). Based on the results of the present study, a monograph was proposed in the interests of quality control of the AYUSH SG-5. This research will help pharmacists to develop the formulation of AYUSH SG-5 with greater reproducibility and this document could be treated as a pharmaceutical standard operating procedure (SOP) for the production of AYUSH SG-5 in pharmacy. • A polyherbal ayurvedic tablet formulation AYUSH SG-5 for rheumatoid arthritis is prepared. • A scientific methodology was adopted to perform the standardization of AYUSH SG-5. • Organoleptic parameters, microscopic, macroscopic studies performed as per API. • Physico-chemical tests and HPTLC profiling of AYUSH SG-5 was performed. • In HPTLC study, marker compounds like 6-gingirol, Epicatechin, Colchicine, Resveratrol, guggulsterol E & Z in Guggul were identified. • A validated SOP was purposed for preparation and standardization of AYUSH SG-5.

Shatavari (Asparagus racemosus Willd): A herbal boon to women reproductive health and an overview of current research

Shatavari is known as the Queen of Herbs in our medicine. The plant Shatavari (Asparagus racemosus Willd) is used extensively in Indian systems of medicine, i.e. AYUSH (Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopath, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy). It is native to India, a woody climbing plant; both the rhizome and whole plant are useful as medicine in a wide range of diseases. It has been used in medicine for the reproductive health problems, lack of milk in lactating mothers, bleeding through urethra, epilepsy, hoarseness of voice, night blindness, scanty urination, erysipelas and cough etc since time immemorial. It is rich in alkaloids viz. steroidal Saponin (Shatavarin-1 to 6), Carboxylic acid, Isoflavones, Polycyclic hydrocarbons, Furan compound, Sterols, Kaempferol and some miscellaneous constituents. The main pharmacological activities observed in this study are Galactogogue, antioxidant, aphrodisiacs, antidepressant, hepatoprotective, antiemesis, anticonvulsant, antiulcer and anti-anxiety activity etc. Further research and investigation requires for its bioactivity, mechanism of action, pharmacotherapeutics, toxicity, standardization and safe use of this vital drug of Ayurveda. The present review incorporated a detailed account of the plant highlighting its medicinal uses, pharmacological activities on the experimental, preclinical toxicological study along current research potentials.

Triphala: Its pharmacological values and new perspectives

Medicinal plants, with tremendous elementary and therapeutic importance, are the gift to humanity. Triphala is widely used in the traditional Indian system of medicine. It's an antioxidant-rich polyherbal formulation and possesses diverse beneficial properties. It's necessary to corroborate the consistency of blending or combining in attribute balance. As per Ayurvedic Formulary of India (AFI) it's prepared by combining a 1:1:1 mixing of ground dry fruits, called as myrobalans. It shows immune modulatory properties and helps in improving the body's weaponry. Recent studies suggest that triphala possesses anti-mutagenic, radio protecting and antioxidant activity and beneficial in diseases conditions. However, serious efforts are required in systemic research to spot, isolate and evaluate the chemical constituents for nutritional and therapeutic potentials.

Bilosomes as a Potential Carrier to Enhance Cognitive Effects of Bacopa monnieri Extract on Oral Administration

AbstractThe Indian system of medicine, Ayurveda employs Bacopa monnieri extract (BME) for memory enhancement. This study attempts to prepare and test a more potent formulation by incorporating BME in nanovesicles. BME-loaded liposomes and bilosomes (bile salt-stabilized liposomes) were formulated using soy phosphatidylcholine. Liposomes and bilosomes had homogeneous size distribution and an average size of 285.7 nm and 84 nm, respectively, with satisfactory zeta potential. Spherical multilamellar bilosomes and unilamellar liposomes were observed under transmission electron microscope (TEM), with BME entrapment efficiency of 85% and 45%, respectively. During a 72 h interval, bilosomes and liposomes released 78% and 65% of the loaded BME, exhibiting a biphasic release, following the Higuchi model diffusion. Both liposomes and bilosomes were stable in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids. When tested on dementia-induced Swiss albino mouse models using the Y-maze apparatus, the bilosome-treated group showed significant cognition enhancement activity than those treated with liposomal vesicles. The better pharmacological effect shown by bilosomes may be attributed to better bioavailability, possibly augmented by higher entrapment efficiency, and improved vesicle integrity afforded by bile salts. Likewise, bilosomes were more stable than liposomes in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids. Taken together, innovative formulation techniques hold substantial promise for enhancing the ethnopharmacological claims of BME.

Case study on the effect of T-AYU-HM Premium with modern medicine in severe Covid-19 Patient

Indian traditional system of medicine has a definite role in the treatment of Covid-19. This case report presents the outcome of Ayurvedic interventions along with modern medicines in a severe covid-19 infected patient with breathlessness. A patient with a history of cough, breathing difficulty and generalized weakness tested positive for the rapid antigen test and prescribed the standard treatment of care with 14 days of strict home quarantine. During follow-up, there was no clinical improvement and oxygen saturation was fluctuating and required oxygen support. Therefore, the patient sought ayurvedic intervention at the covid-19 healthcare center with supportive oxygen therapy. The patient was managed with ayurvedic intervention along with modern medicines. On the date of admission to the covid-19 care center, the patient's SpO2 72% on room air, HRCT 80-90%, and ESR, CRP, and LDH were 40(mm/hour), 11.47(mg/L), and 306(Units/L) respectively. By adhering to the integrated therapy patient’s oxygen saturation and clinical profile were improved with time. On the 11th day of treatment patient, SpO2 was sustained at 95% and HRCT report was 70-80%, and clinical profile improved remarkably. The patient’s HRCT after one month was50-60% compared to the previous report suggestive of remarkable improvement. The effect on inflammatory markers and oxygen saturation suggests that integration of modern medicines along with ayurvedic medicine in the patient was significant and deserves further studies. Integrating ayurvedic treatment along with modern medicine might be considered as an effective approach in the management of severe covid-19 patients.

Toxicity Assessment of Curculigo orchioides Leaf Extract Using Drosophila melanogaster: A Preliminary Study.

Curculigo orchioides is used in Indian and Chinese traditional medicinal systems for various health benefits. However, its toxicological effects are mostly unknown. This study assesses the potential toxicity of aqueous leaf (A.L.) extract of C. orchioides using Drosophila melanogaster as an experimental model. Preliminary phytochemical tests were followed by the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) tests to identify the functional group in the A.L. extract of C. orchioides. Drosophila larvae/adults were exposed to varying concentrations of C. orchioides A.L. extract through diet, and developmental, lifespan, reproduction, and locomotory behaviour assays were carried out to assess the C. orchioides toxicity at organismal levels. The cellular toxicity of A.L. extract was examined by analysing the expression of heat shock protein (hsps), reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and cell death. The FTIR analysis showed the presence of functional groups indicating the presence of secondary metabolites like saponins, phenolics, and alkaloids. Exposure to A.L. extract during development resulted in reduced emergence and wing malformations in the emerged fly. Furthermore, a significant reduction in reproductive performance and the organism's lifespan was observed when adult flies were exposed to A.L. extract. This study indicates the adverse effect of C. orchioides A.L. extract on Drosophila and raises concerns about the practice of indiscriminate therapeutic use of plant extracts.

A Clinical Study on Suzhi Mantham

Siddha medicine is one of the traditional systems of medicine in India found by Siddhars. There are totally 64 types of internal and external medicines in siddha system. It also speaks about the kuzhanthai maruthuvam [Paediatric medicine].Suzhi mantham a respiratory disorder compared to Acute Respiratory Tract Infection –Nasopharyngitis and WALRI. Suzhi mantham is one of the paediatrics illness followed by mantham [gastrointestinal disorder]. This study is about a trail drug shenbaga poo kuligai a herbomineral preparation. A preclinical study including biochemical analysis, anti-microbial activity,anti-spasmodic activity,anti-histamine activity is made on a trial drug and then followed by a clinical trial to analyse the effectiveness of a drug. As a result this study reveals shenbaga poo kuligai to be a highly effective medicine for suzhi mantham in siddha aspect.

From kitchen to clinic: Pharmacotherapeutic potential of common spices in Indian cooking in age-related neurological disorders

Aging is described as an advanced time-related collection of changes that may negatively affect with the risk of several diseases or death. Aging is a main factor of several age-related neurological disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and dementia), stroke, neuroinflammation, neurotoxicity, brain tumors, oxidative stress, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Currently available medications for age-related neurological disorders may lead to several side effects, such as headache, diarrhea, nausea, gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, dyskinesia, and hallucinosis. These days, studies on plant efficacy in traditional medicine are being conducted because herbal medicine is affordable, safe, and culturally acceptable and easily accessible. The Indian traditional medicine system called Ayurveda uses several herbs and medicinal plants to treat various disorders including neurological disorders. This review aims to summarize the data on the neuroprotective potential of the following common Indian spices widely used in Ayurveda: cumin (Cuminum cyminum (L.), Apiaceae), black cumin (Nigella sativa (L.), Ranunculaceae), black pepper (Piper nigrum (L.), Piperaceae), curry leaf tree (Murraya koenigii (L.), Spreng Rutaceae), fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum (L.), Fabaceae), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill, Apiaceae), cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton, Zingiberaceae), cloves (Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M.Perry, Myrtaceae), and coriander (Coriandrum sativum (L.), Apiaceae) in age-related neurological disorders.

The Review on Indian Systems of Medicine

Traditional systems of medicines based on medicinal plants are playing a dominant role in providing health care to large units of the population. principally in developing countries, the utilisation of herbal products is increased so, as to obtain the most appropriate benefit & to understand the way these systems work. The Indian systems of medicine are one of the popular systems in this review, an aim has been made to provide general information pertaining to different outlooks & features of these systems, this review includes the basic introduction, History, Principles, diagnosis, and treatment of Indian systems of medicines with will help in the study of Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani & Homeopathy.

Effect of Maillard reaction on the quality of clarified butter, ghee.

In Ayurveda, a traditional Indian medicine system, clarified butter is called ghee and is used for food and medicinal purposes. Since butter is subjected to heat to prepare ghee, the heating process affects the ghee quality, such as oxidation, flavor, nutritional value, and biological activity. Therefore, this study focused on the Maillard reaction progress and free-radical scavenging activity with temperature and time during ghee preparation. First, ghee was prepared at low to high temperatures, and its quality (milk fat content, retinol, α-tocopherol, peroxide value, Maillard reaction progress, and free radical scavenging activity) was evaluated. Maillard reaction progress was enhanced at medium and high temperatures (120-160℃), and the free radical-scavenging activity of ghee corresponded to the Maillard reaction progress. Since ghee is often reheated during use, we further evaluated the effect of the reheating process. The reheating process did not alter the Maillard reaction progress or the free radical scavenging activity. Our findings serve as good quality control measures for ghee preparation.

A comparative study of essential oil profile, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of thirty Piper betle landraces towards selection of industrially important chemotypes

Betelvine (Piper betle L.) is an economically and medicinally important cash crop valued for its fresh leaves in many countries of Asia. The leaves are widely used in the Indian system of medicine for treatment of conjunctivitis, headache, rheumatism etc. Further, the leaf essential oil possesses many volatile constituents like eugenol, chavibetol and hydroxyl chavibetol. The substantial antiseptic property of betel oil is due to the presence of a bioactive constituent chavibetol. In the present report, chemical profiling and bioactivity study of thirty landraces has been reported. The yield of essential oil was highest in landrace L10 (0.53 %) followed by L8 (0.4 %). Constituent identification through GC-MS analysis showed fifty-four compounds representing 82.07–98.94 % of the total essential oil. Chavibetol was found to be the major constituent ranging from 23.52 % to 81.32 %. Highest percentage of chavibetol was found in L10 (81.32 %) followed by L6 (71.14 %) and L29 (63.25 %). Highest antioxidant activity was also recorded in L10. Inhibition zone diameter (IZD) and Minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) assay were determined against some multi drug resistant bacterial strains such as Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter freundii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter cloacae. Depending upon the essential oil quality and bioactivity, five landraces of betelvine were selected as elite landraces. Selected elite germplasms with high essential oil and chavibetol content will boost the export potential of betelvine. The present report will be helpful for future improvement of betelvine cultivars and boost commercial potential of this crop.

The Prodigious Indian Vedic Concepts of Psyche or Mind; a New-fashioned Directive of Mental Health Science to Deal with Labyrinthine Clinical Cases by Amalgamating Indian Psychological Concepts and Principles

Purpose: The bulk of psychology practice in India as well as in other parts of the world is influenced by western ideas of psychological health and illness. The importance of theology, civilization, and eastern philosophy, together with healthcare, has been largely disregarded by these prominent psychological ideas throughout the last few years or more. They were also developed predominantly for those having an internal control center. To understand what Indian beliefs could give to psychology, one must understand the old Indian frameworks, or put it differently, the grand Hinduism and its huge repository of intellectual information. In this paper, we mainly examine how Hinduism, Indian traditions, and conventional Indian healthcare methods are applied to research the psyche and psychological well-being. Objective: This article's main goal is to provide details on psychology as a field from an Indian perspective. These are some of the topics discussed in this study, along with what the aspects of the mind are and what the Indian classics have to say about psychology from a scientific perspective. Design/Methodology/Approach: Secondary information that was obtained from a variety of reliable and trustworthy publications and websites was used to write this work. To increase the accuracy and authenticity of this document, the data was carefully and scientifically examined by making references to a number of different publications and subtopics. The data was acquired from a variety of trustworthy and respectable sources, including Academia and Google Scholar. Cross-referencing all the data from websites like Academia, Google Scholar, and others revealed that there wasn't a lot of material from different points of view that were included. Findings/Result: Here, a chance has been taken to succinctly synthesize the core principles of the many schools of Indian thought as they relate to understanding human character and behavioral patterns. The aforementioned makes obvious the enormous amount of understanding and knowledge that is a natural component of Indian theories, which has much more to offer psychology students. The significant therapeutic advantages that each way of thinking autonomously provides are very promising for those who provide psychological treatment. Because of this, Indian psychologists should be adaptable to infusing Indian concepts into our therapy, despite our training in contemporary Western psychological institutions. We must objectively assess the significance of our centuries-old beliefs, especially those related to yoga, meditation, and Indian forms of psychoanalysis and psychotherapies, in order to validate them as well as prevent labeling them as relics of third-world mysticism. Originality and value: To make this work relevant and palatable to the entire society, independent of one's educational level and career, an innovative and readily accessible complete methodology, and explanation have been developed. The primary goal of this study is to educate the public about certain well-known psychological and other mental health principles found in the Indian system of medicine (Ayurveda), as well as the great Indian epics and their relevance to the present and the future. Paper Type: Clinical/health analysis paper

Induction of apoptosis in lung carcinoma cells (A549) by hydromethanolic extract of Acorus calamus L

Acorus calamus L. of the Acoraceae family referred to as 'Sweet flag' is a well-known plant used to treat fever, epilepsy, liver, and renal problems in the traditional Indian and Chinese medicine systems. In the present study, we prepared the hydromethanolic extract by using the cold maceration method and performed its phytochemical screening. Extract of A. calamus L. showed the presence of many secondary metabolites including the phenolics [i.e., 275.51 ± 0.001 (mg/ml) Gallic acid equivalence] as well as showed good antioxidant activities reflected through DPPH and ABTS assay with IC50 16.32 ± 0.31 μg/ml, 27.62 ± 1.53 μg/ml respectively. It also possesses good total Nitric oxide, and Nitrite reducing activities. Furthermore, we have studied the cytotoxic behavior of AC hydromethanolic extract against human lung carcinoma cells (A549). It demonstrated potential cytotoxicity toward the lung carcinoma cell line (A549) with IC50 of 92.83 ± 1.98 μg/ml. Various staining techniques (DAPI, AO/EB, Giemsa) and RT-PCR techniques were used to identify the mechanism of cytotoxicity. We found that the A. calamus L. hydromethanolic extract caused characteristic apoptotic morphological changes, ROS generation, induction of apoptosis through activation of the TRAIL receptors, caspase 9 and 3 and the inhibition of colony formation in A549 cells.

Integrated Metabolite and Transcriptome Profiling-Mediated Gene Mining of Sida cordifolia Reveals Medicinally Important Genes.

Sida cordifolia is a medicinal shrub that is conventionally used in the Indian system of medicine;however, the genes contributing to its medicinal properties have been minimally explored, thus limiting its application. High-throughputsequencing and Liquid Chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS) technologies were applied to unravel the medicinally important bioactive compounds. As a result, transcriptomic sequencing generated more than 12 GB of clean data, and 187,215 transcripts were obtained by de novoassembly. These transcripts were broadly classified into 20 classes, based on the gene ontology classification, and 6551 unigenes were annotated using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database with more than 142 unigenes involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. LC-MS/MS analysis of three tissues of Sida cordifolia revealed that acacetin and procyanidin are some important metabolites identified thatcontribute to its medicinal value. Several key enzymes witha crucial role in phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthetic pathways were identified, especially phenylalanine ammonia lyase, which might be an important rate-limiting enzyme. Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed enzymes, such as Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (CAD), Cinnamoyl-CoA reductase 1 (CF1) and Trans cinnamate 4-monooxygenase(TCM), which were predominantly expressed in root compared to leaf and stem tissue. The study provides a speculative insight for the screening of active metabolites and metabolic engineering in Sida cordifolia.

Ethnopharmacological study about Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (Licorice) based on Ayurveda, An Indian System of Traditional Medicine- A Review

Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (GG), also known as Yashtimadhu, is a traditional plant which is widely used in Ayurveda. It is used to treat a variety of ailments including cough, asthma, bronchitis, diabetes, gastric ulcers, skin problems, inflammation, anaemia, premature greying of hair and others. Clinical and experimental research suggests that it possesses anti-inflammatory, antiviral, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, and cardioprotective activities. We gathered material on the phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicity of Glycyrrhiza glabra published before March 2022 from PubMed, Springer, SCOPUS, Google Scholar and Science Direct. To compile this study, we conducted a thorough analysis of the classical Ayurvedic treatises in order to obtain a full account of the qualities, actions, and applications stated in Ayurveda about yashtimadhu in order to demonstrate ancient-modern concordance. GG has been studied for a variety of pharmacological properties, including ulcer healing, anti-ulcerogenic, anti-bacterial, antioxidant potential activity, anti-asthmatic activity, hair growth stimulating activity, and memory enhancing action. Licorice in Ayurveda is generally used in Ayurveda as a rejuvenator and aphrodisiac, as well as for boosting memory, complexion, sound quality, dental health, vision, lactation, and healing cancer, ulcers and wounds. Even though GG is a widely used Ayurveda medicine, there is a lack of evidence regarding the true medicinal potential of the drug. There are innumerable actions mentioned in the Ayurveda classical textbooks. Here, an effort is made to find substantiation for the ancient wisdom through a thorough search with the modern available literature.