Indian Medicine Research Articles

Review on Butea monosperma Plant and Its Medicinal Use

Butea monosperma (Lam.) Kuntze (Syn. Butea frondosa; Family Fabaceae), This is a moderate sized deciduous tree which is widely distributed throughout India, Burma and Ceylon, popularly known as 'dhak' or 'palas', commonly known as ‘Flame of forest’. The family Fabaceae compromises of 630 genera and 18,000 species. The crude extracts of various parts and pure isolates of Butea monosperma was reported to possess antibacterial, antifungal, hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory activities. Butea monosperma have been found to possess tonic, astringent, aphrodisiac and diuretics properties. The widespread uses of Butea monosperma in traditional systems of medicine have resulted in their extensive chemical analysis for their bio-active principles. This article briefly reviews the botany, chemistry and pharmacology of Butea monosperma (Lam) Kuntze. It is evident that without nature human being life is impossible. There are three basic necessity of humans is food, clothes and shelter and now the fourth one is good health, which provided by plant kingdom. Nature stands a golden mark and provided the storehouse of remedies to cure all ailments of mankind. Plant kingdom represents a rich house of organic compounds, many of which have been used for medicinal purposes and could serve as lead for the development of novel agents having good efficacy in various pathological disorders in the coming years. Herbs have always been the principal form of medicine in India and presently they are becoming popular throughout the world, as people strive to stay healthy in the face of chronic stress and pollution, and to treat illness with medicines that work in count with the body’s own defence.

A REVIEW ON BIOACTIVITY OF GRANGEA MADERASPATANA (L) POIR.

Grangea maderaspatana (L.) Poir., also known as Madras Carpet, is a medicinal flowering plant in the Asteraceae family. This is a common weed that grows in sandy soils and waste areas. This plant has produced a wide range of phytochemical substances. It has been used for thousands of years in traditional Ayurveda Indian medicine to treat a number of diseases. This plant has oestrogenicity, antifertility, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antiarthritic, cytotoxic, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, diuretic, and antibacterial effects have all been studied. The leaves have stomachic, a sedative, carminative, emmenagogue, and antiflatulent properties. The review covers biological activity phytochemicals derived from these plants in detail.

Potential clinical usage of ashwagandha root extract: A review

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE
 Ashwagandha, an herb commonly used in traditional Indian medicine, has been gathering attention as a potential drug in various specialties such as psychiatry, neurology, or endocrinology and even as a possible cancer treatment. In this review we aim to summarize reports form recent years on potential clinical usage of Ashwagandha.
 REVIEW METHODS
 The literature review was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar online databases.
 THE STATE OF KNOWLEDGE
 Several studies evaluating potential pharmacological uses of Ashwagandha root extract has been published. There are clinical trials conducted in India using the plant in treatment of insomnia that resulted in improved sleep quality. Ashwagandha root extract has been successfully administered in stress-related disorders. There are reports of improvement in cognitive functions in patients with mild cognitive impairment and better symptom control in obsessive-compulsive disorder after Ashwagandha supplementation. Ashwagandha has been studied in endocrine diseases, showing potential in alleviating climacteric symptoms during perimenopause and in subclinical hypothyroidism. The study aimed to assess effect of Ashwagandha on vitality and hormonal changes in elderly men showed mixed results, with improvement in some hormonal levels and not statistically significant improvement in quality of life compared to placebo group. It has also been noted that ashwagandha root extract has positive effect on cardiovascular system, as well as enhancing muscle strength and recovery in otherwise healthy adults.
 SUMMARYAshwagandha root extract seems to possess beneficial properties that allow for its use in several branches of medicine. However as current findings are reported from small sample studies, further research on a larger scale is needed.

The emergence of family medicine in India-A qualitative descriptive study.

Countries globally are introducing family medicine to strengthen primary health care; however, for many, that process has been slow. Understanding the implementation of family medicine in a national context is complex but critical to uncovering what worked, the challenges faced, and how the process can be improved. This study explores how family medicine was implemented in India and how early cohort family physicians supported the field's emergence. In this qualitative descriptive study, we interviewed twenty family physicians who were among the first in India and recognized as pioneers. We used Rogers's Diffusion of Innovation Theory to describe and understand the roles of family physicians, as innovators and early adopters, in the process of implementation. Greenhalgh's Model of Diffusion in Service Organizations is applied to identify barriers and enablers to family medicine implementation. This research identifies multiple mechanisms by which pioneering family physicians supported the implementation of family medicine in India. They were innovators who developed the first family medicine training programs. They were early adopters willing to enter a new field and support spread as educators and mentors for future cohorts of family physicians. They were champions who developed professional organizations to bring together family physicians to learn from one another. They were advocates who pushed the medical community, governments, and policymakers to recognize family medicine's role in healthcare. Facilitators for implementation included the supportive environment of academic institutions and the development of family medicine professional organizations. Barriers to implementation included the lack of government support and awareness of the field by society, and tension with subspecialties. In India, the implementation of family medicine has primarily occurred through pioneering family physicians and supportive educational institutions. For family medicine to continue to grow and have the intended impacts on primary care, government and policymaker support are needed.

Use and Phytochemical Activity of Celosia Argentea Linn

Since ancient time in India. Celosia argentea linn. Is widely used in traditional medicine, to cure several disorders such as fever, diarrhea, mouth sores, itching wound, jaundice, gonorrhea and inflammation. Literaterature survey from books and journal of traditional Indian medicine revealed that celosia argentia linn. has a lot of medicinal properties. Leaves, stem and root have been reported for medicinal activity, the plant has pharmacologically been studied for various cativities like anti-cancer, hepatoprotection, anti-dibetes etc. However too many scientific studies have been carried out on this plant. For exploring these traditional uses. The present report is deals with traditional uses and pharmacological activity of celosia argentea linn. In the treatment of various diseases.

Institutionalization of personalized medicine in India: analysis of research trends and government interventions.

The biggest challenges that any country faces are affordability and accessibility of quality healthcare. Technological advancements can address these challenges. One such advancement is personalized medicine (PM). This paper discusses the implementation and institutionalization of PM. Using the sectoral innovation system framework, this work describes government interventions with research trends in PM in India. The Web of Science database was used to analyzeresearch trends. Indian government-funded interventions to institutionalize PM were compiled and analyzed. Results suggest that India's healthcare sector is dynamic. The framework discusses some specifics, including the research network, boundariesand government initiatives to promote PM adoption. Based on the policy gaps, this paper further proposes an integrated policy framework for incorporating PM into India's healthcare system.

Ayurvedic Herbs and Spices: A Promising Approach for the Treatment of COVID-19

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus accountable for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that has led to many fatal cases worldwide. It causes a severe acute respiratory syndrome, a hyperinflammatory response, vascular damage, microangiopathy, and widespread thrombosis. Vaccines, interferon therapies, and small-molecule drugs may be among the various alternatives for managing or preventing emerging SARS-CoV-2 infections. New interventions, on the other hand, are likely to take months to years to develop. Furthermore, existing antiviral agents commonly develop viral resistance along with certain side effects. Therefore, effective prevention and treatment medications without side effects against human coronavirus are urgently needed. Indian and Chinese traditional medicine have suggested some natural products for the prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of the diseases, including COVID-19 and various herbs and mushrooms that have been reported to possess potential antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities. Therefore, in this pandemic, traditional medicines pose a ray of hope for human health. The Ministry of Ayush, India, has also recommended a number of therapies to increase immunity in addition to ayurvedic treatments. Thus, the probability of naturally occurring substances as successful treatments against COVID-19 may seem hopeful due to their diverse biological and therapeutic properties. This review focuses on the latest updates of Ayurvedic herbs and spices as promising approaches for treatment during this devastating pandemic situation.

Comparison of Antioxidant activity of Various Phytopharmaceuticals

Herbal drugs are playing a pivotal role in the Indian medicine economy. The edible parts of plants are used to treat various types of diseases. There are many researches going on antioxidant activity, but our aim is to conduct Invitro and in-vivo comparison of antioxidant activity of various herbal plants to prove that natural antioxidants are more effective than synthetic antioxidants. Free radicals cause oxidative stress in the human body. Free radicals are substance with unpaired electrons which are ready to bind to cells and cause damage in the human body. For the inhibition of free radicals in the living organisms ethanolic extracts of five plants are used for the antioxidant activity. The extracts of six herbals, amla fruit powder (Phyllanthus emblica), Tulasi leaf powder (Ocimum tenuflorium), hibiscus leaf powder (Hibiscus rosa sinensis), coriander leaf powder (coriander sativum), lemon leaf powder (citrus limon) and the antioxidant activity of henna leaf powder (lawsonia inermis) was determined. Using the hydrogen peroxide free radical scavenging activity technique, the amount of antioxidant activity present in the plant extracts was evaluated. UV Spectroscopy was used to evaluate the strong antioxidant activity of the plant extract to the reference alpha tocopherol and vitamin C. This research will assist us in determining antioxidant activity profiles, revealing that herbals are more effective than commercially available alpha tocopherol and ascorbic acid.

Identification of Effective Phytocompounds from the Indian Medicinal Plants for the Treatment of Jaundice using In silico Studies

The presence of higher levels of bilirubin in the blood is indicative of Jaundice. Unconjugated bilirubin is delivered to the liver via binding to albumin. This research aimed to find effective phytocompounds from Indian medicinal plants that could help in mitigating Jaundice. IMPPAT and PubChem databases were used to determine the 3D structure of phytocompounds. SwissADME was used to test the Lipinski rule of five for all phytocompounds. The PDB database was used to retrieve the target protein's 3D structure. PyRx was used to conduct the docking experiments, and Discovery Studio 2021 was used to evaluate the results. According to the findings, the binding affinity of Cadabicine, Voruscharin, Triptotritepenic acid A, Stigmasta-5,22-dien-3-ol and Sitogluside was -9.2, -8.9, -8.7, -8.4 and -8.1 Kcal/mol, respectively. Toxicity tests were performed on the best-interacted phytocompounds, and the results revealed that the compounds were extremely safe. Hence, the present study concludes that Cadabicine from Crataeva nurvala, Voruscharin from Calotropis procera and Triptotriterpenic acid A from Abrus precatotius may have a potential effect in the treatment of Jaundice.

Ethical issues with MS (Ayurved) Shalya Tantra/Shalakya Tantra: Need for public debate.

In November 2020, the Central government amended the Central Council of Indian Medicine Regulations, 2016, to introduce formal training in Shalya (general surgery) and Shalakya (diseases of ear, nose, throat, ENT, eye, head, oro-dentistry) specialisations for postgraduate students of Ayurveda [1].

In silico Evaluation of Indian Medicinal Plants to Find the Potential Remedy for Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium. The bacterium primarily affects the lungs, but they can also harm other organs. The goal of this study was to identify potential phytocompounds from Indian medicinal plants that could be used to treat Tuberculosis. IMPPAT and the PubChem database were used to determine the 3D structure of phytocompounds. SwissADME was used to test the Lipinski rule of five for all phytocompounds. The target protein's 3D structure was downloaded from the PDB library. PyRx was used to conduct the docking studies, and Discovery Studio 2021 was used to analyse the results. The phytocompounds Diosgenin, Agapanthagenin, and Liquiritic acid showed very strong binding affinity of -9.6, -9.6, and -9.2 Kcal/mol, respectively, according to the results.

Phyto-constituents profiling of Prosopis cineraria and in vitro assessment of antioxidant and anti-ulcerogenicity activities

BackgroundThe Fabaceae family's Prosopis cineraria L. Druce (PC) is a tiny to medium-sized, thorny and irregularly branching tree used in Indian traditional medicine. PurposeThe current study has been investigated of Prosopis cineraria bark for mycochemical screening and evaluating their pharmacological activities by using two antiulcer models. After that isolation of active constituent present in hydroalcoholic bark crude extract. Study designIn the present analysis, qualitative and quantitative studies were analyzed. On the basis of this assay we choose hydro-alcoholic bark extract (HABE) for pylorus ligation ulcer model and an ethanol-induced ulcer model on female albino wistar rats. The volume of gastric juice, pH, total and free acidity and ulcer index were all investigated. The hydroalcoholic extracts of bark were selected and further undergo the seclusion of bioactive compounds by using Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analyses and Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) of the extracts. ResultsPhytochemical screening of the bark extract showed that phenol, terpenoids, flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, steroids, amino acids and proteins, reducing sugars and carbohydrates were present. However, a greater dose of the extract lowered gastric ulcer index and increased percent protection from pylorus ligation (75.05%) and ethanol (76.05%)-induced aberrations, as measured by altered biochemical markers such as a decrease in stomach volume, free, and total acidity. In contrast, GC–MS analyses of the hydroalcoholic bark extracts identified 42 compounds in which gallic acid is mainly present and in LC-MS analyses ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid are found by use of the (NIST) library. ConclusionsBased on the present findings, it was revealed that the bark of Prosopis cineraria may be used as potent bio resource for natural antioxidants and antiulcerogenic drug. As a result, more research is needed on elucidation of individual phytochemicals, as well as their mechanism of action.

The antidiabetic effect of methanolic extract of Holarrhena pubescens seeds is mediated through multiple mechanisms of action

Holarrhena pubescens is widely used in Indian and Chinese medicine in the treatment of diabetes. The current work determined the oral hypoglycemic and antidiabetic effects of seed extract in rats. The probable mechanism of action was evaluated in-vitro by α - glucosidase inhibition, glucose metabolism in insulinoma (INS-1) cells to reflect secretion of insulin, and protein glycation inhibition. Its potential for herb-drug interaction was evaluated in the cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) inhibition assay. The seed extract increased serum insulin levels and reduced serum blood glucose levels in the oral glucose tolerance test. It also reduced the serum glucose levels in streptozocin-induced diabetes. The extract also inhibited α –glucosidase enzyme activity and demonstrated that it can increase the secretion of insulin from INS to 1-rat insulinoma cell line cells in-vitro in a concentration-dependent manner. However, it had a very weak inhibitory effect on protein glycation and it did not affect the activity of CYP3A4. The results of the study showed that H. pubescens seed extract increases insulin secretion and inhibits glucose absorption both in-vivo and in-vitro with a weak protein glycation inhibitory effect. The herb is devoid of CYP3A4 inhibitory effect indicating that it may not have pharmacokinetic interaction with the drug metabolized by this enzyme.

Indian Medicine Can Improve Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Patients: Case Studies

The present study was evaluated the QoL of breast cancer patients who were taking Body Revival, an Indian polyherbal medicine. A case study was conducted among 5 breast cancer patients, who were voluntarily treated with Body Revival for ≥6 months. The average age of 5 breast cancer patients was 48.6 yrs (range 35-64 yrs), out of them 3 suffered in Stage II and 2 in Stage IV with metastasis. 3 patients undergo surgery, 4 under chemotherapy treatment and 1 did not received any chemotherapy or surgery. All of them used Body Revival (average 13.2 months). A structured and validated interview schedule was used to gather data from cancer patients. The QOL of all the patient symptoms was significantly improved (p<0.001) with Body Revival supplementation. It improved both the psychological and physical domains of day-to-day life, either by attenuating the adverse events of regular treatments for cancer or by enhancing vital energy in the body. Conclusions: With Body Revival supplements with routine medical care improve their day to day life. To strengthen the present findings, more research is required.

Water as Discussed by Charaka, the Father of Indian Medicine

Water, the unavoidable substance for each and every object of the nature, has been counted as sacred and respectable since time immemorial. Water is needed for making the soil fertile, growth of the plants, drinking for the animals and humans, external cleaning purposes of the human, animal etc., cleaning of the dress , utensil etc. of the human beings etc. If observed, it is seen that, water is used in huge quantity by the human itself. In each step a man needs water. Summarily to say, for a man it is almost impossible to live without water even for a hour. Hence it is occupying an important place in the literatures also. Many descriptions are available in the Indian literatures showing the importance of water. Water, along with its usefulness also may cause some sufferings to the human beings, animals etc. A good number of diseases are identified by the researchers that are transported by water when it becomes contaminated. Difference in the qualities of water according to different source is also an important point to be noted. Extensive study and research are already conducted and continuing in different levels to know more about the mysterious nature’s gift “water”. The present scientific society is aware about the latest knowledge on water. But astonishingly there are some interesting facts and concepts about water in the classics of ancient Indian health science, Charaka Samhita, Susruta Samhita, Ashtanga Sangraha, Ashtanga Hridaya etc. which should be apprised to the modern scientists and researchers. Hence, considering as the need of time, a study on the descriptions on water in one among the Ayurvedic classics, Charaka Samhita, which is considered to be the oldest is conducted.

Network Pharmacology Prediction and Metabolomics Validation of the Mechanism of Fructus Phyllanthi against Hyperlipidemia

Hyperlipidemia has become a leading risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and liver injury worldwide. Fructus Phyllanthi (FP) is an effective drug against hyperlipidemia in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and Indian Medicine theories, however the potential mechanism requires further exploration. The present research aims to reveal the mechanism of FP against hyperlipidemia based on an integrated strategy combining network pharmacology prediction with metabolomics validation. A high-fat diet (HFD)-induced mice model was established by evaluating the plasma lipid levels, including total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Network pharmacology was applied to find out the active ingredients of FP and potential targets against hyperlipidemia. Metabolomics of plasma and liver were performed to identify differential metabolites and their corresponding pathways among the normal group, model group, and intervention group. The relationship between network pharmacology and metabolomics was further constructed to obtain a comprehensive view of the process of FP against hyperlipidemia. The obtained key target proteins were verified by molecular docking. These results reflected that FP improved the plasma lipid levels and liver injury of hyperlipidemia induced by a HFD. Gallic acid, quercetin, and beta-sitosterol in FP were demonstrated as the key active compounds. A total of 16 and six potential differential metabolites in plasma and liver, respectively, were found to be involved in the therapeutic effects of FP against hyperlipidemia by metabolomics. Further, integration analysis indicated that the intervention effects were associated with CYP1A1, AChE, and MGAM, as well as the adjustment of L-kynurenine, corticosterone, acetylcholine, and raffinose, mainly involving tryptophan metabolism pathway. Molecular docking ensured that the above ingredients acting on hyperlipidemia-related protein targets played a key role in lowering lipids. In summary, this research provided a new possibility for preventing and treating hyperlipidemia.

A review on mitigation of various ailments via a bioactive component of Tribulus terrestris L. - A medicinally important herb

Background: Tribulus terrestris L. is an important traditional therapeutic plant that has been utilized for multiple purposes since the Vedic period and belong to Zygophyllaceae family. It is distributed in sub-tropical regions including India, China, New Zealand, Sri Lanka, and Pakistan. It is used in the Chinese medicine system for eye problems, sexual dysfunction, piles, and vesical calculi. It contains steroids, antioxidants, saponins, flavonoids, phenolics, alkaloids, proteins, and amino acids. Methods: The review was performed to gain detailed knowledge of this plant. The literature search was carried out by using various platforms like the online database PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Ayush, e-Charaka, SpringerLink, and books. Results: T. terrestris often referred to as Gokshur or Gokharu, has utilised in Indian, Unani and Chinese medicine to cure various illnesses from long time. The plant is known to have diuretic, aphrodisiac, anti-urolithic, immunomodulatory, hypolipidemic, antidiabetic, cardiotonic, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and hepatoprotective activities. It includes flavonol glycosides, flavonoids, steroidal saponins, and alkaloids. Phytochemicals present in plant include protodioscin, terrestrosins A, gitonin, tigogenin, β-sitosterol, and terrestrosins E, spirosta-3,5-diene, stigmasterol, diosgenin, hecogenin, kaempferol. It also possesses anti-cariogenic, antibacterial, anthelmintic, larvicidal, and anticancer activities. The aim of this study is to offer an outline of the pharmacological, medicinal and therapeutic potential of T. terrestris. Conclusion: From an extensive review of this plant, it is found that the plant is a rich source of phytochemicals and has high pharmacological values. Thus, it is concluded that this plant is highly medicinal and can be used as a potent source of drugs that are useful for mankind. The information documented in this paper will be helpful for industrial, medicinal, and commercial use. Keywords: Tribulus terrestris, Gokhru, Ayurveda, Pharmacological activities, Aphrodisiac, Larvicidal

Phytochemical and Physicochemical analysis of Siddha polyherbal formulation KaranthaiChooranam

Aim: Standardization of a Siddha Poly herbal compound formulation is essential for establishing its authentication quantity and efficacy. In this present study, an attempt has been made to standardize the KaranthaiChooranam (a polyherbal formulation that contains 14 plant materials). Hence standardization of traditional drugs becomes highly essential to explore their potency and efficacy in the global market. It has been increasing public interest and acceptance of traditional medicine. Methods: Physico-Chemical analysis, Phyto-Chemical Screening, Particle Size, Pesticide Residue, and Sterility test were performed as per PLIM (Pharmacopeia Laboratory of Indian Medicine) guidelines. Results: The loss of drying of the tested drug was 105°c .KC contains 0.59% acid-insoluble ash and solubility in the water was 9.63 %. Phytochemical screening KC has shown the presence of Alkaloids, Glycosides, Saponins, Phytosterols, Fixed Oil, Resins, Phenols, Flavonoids and Tannins. Microscopic observation of the particle size analysis reveals that the average particle size of the sample was found to be 115.5 ± 42.83 μm. Conculsion: From this set of parameters, it can be concluded that it is sufficient to evaluate the authenticity of KaranthaiChooranam can be used as a reference standard for the preparation of the standardized pharmaceutical product and further quality content research. This study suggests that quality specifications of KC can be developed using parameters described in Siddha along with analytical tools available today.

Tinospora cordifolia: A New Perspective on Alzheimer’s Disease and Green Nanotechnology

Abstract: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a common cause of dementia; the hallmark includes neuronal death and synaptic loss leading to cognitive decline. Up to date, there have been a vast number of preclinical & clinical trials based on natural compounds that play a crucial role in the prevention of AD. Tinospora cordifolia (Tc) is a medicinal plant with numerous bioactive properties used in Indian medicine. The literature study will scrutinized based on the disease-modifying effects of Tinospora cordifolia. It benefits the neurobiological researcher in understanding and researching the naturally occurring compound in combating AD. Furthermore, recent nanotechnology trends, such as green synthesis nanoparticles, have more potential in biomedical fields. Following that, the review draws attention to the Green synthesized nanoparticle of Tc, which has a wide range of applications.

A Review on Some Indian Medicinal Plants useful in Hair Care

Abstract: Hair related problems are an ever-increasing problem. Compared with chemical herbal ingredients are more preferred because of their easy availability and lesser side effects. The utilization of novel medicinal plant ingredients in various formulations such as hair tonic, hair gels, hair oils and hair dyes has proved to be beneficial than the formulations containing chemical components. These novel ingredients have helped in the enhancement of the beauty of hair and help in the treatment of various hair problems such as dandruff, alopecia and many more. It is a universal problem affecting both sexes. Herbal cosmetics are now appropriate solution to the current problem. This review describes the use of some natural medicinal plants for hair growth promotion, Anti-hair fall and Anti-grey hair with a brief description of the major use, plant parts used and the active compounds responsible for the use of the herbal plants.