Medical Subject Headings Terms Research Articles

Research progress on the regulation and mechanism of borneol on the blood-brain barrier in pathological states: a narrative review focused on ischemic stroke and cerebral glioma.

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) serves as a dynamic, selective shield, safeguarding the central nervous system (CNS) by separating the brain from circulating blood, preserving its microenvironment, and ensuring stability. However, in the presence of brain pathology, drug delivery across the BBB and blood-tumor barrier (BTB) becomes challenging, hindering effective treatments. Borneol exhibits promise in bidirectionally modulating the BBB under pathological conditions, suggesting at potential clinical applications for related diseases. Our primary goal in this review is to investigate borneol's potential clinical utility in bidirectionally regulating the BBB under pathological conditions. The PubMed database, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), Wanfang Data were searched to retrieve articles on animal experiments and cell-based research published from January 1, 2003, to May 1, 2023, using the following medical subject headings (MeSH) terms: borneol, blood-brain barrier, ischemic stroke, cerebral gliomas, anti-inflammatory. The search was limited to articles published in English and Chinese. In total, 86 articles were deemed eligible for inclusion in this study. The breakdown of the BBB is a key pathological process in ischemic stroke and cerebral glioma. When used alone, the lipophilic properties of borneol can reduce the permeability of the BBB and restore its normal function, thereby repairing brain damage and protecting brain tissue. Its specific protective effects may be related to inflammatory regulation mechanisms. The anti-inflammatory and protective effects of borneol can be used to improve and treat lesions caused by ischemic stroke and cerebral glioma. Furthermore, when combined with other drugs, borneol can accelerate the opening of the BBB, improve permeability through physiological processes, and enhance drug penetration and distribution in the brain without causing pathological damage to the brain. This review summarizes the mechanisms by which borneol regulates the BBB and BTB in ischemic stroke and cerebral glioma, and discusses the potential clinical applications of borneol in the treatment of these diseases. It is believed that in the future, as research methods are refined, more effective and targeted therapies for cerebral glioma and ischemic stroke will be explored related to the protective mechanism of the BBB under pathological conditions with borneol alone or in combination with other drugs.

Neurogenetics and Epigenetics of Loneliness.

Loneliness, an established risk factor for both, mental and physical morbidity, is a mounting public health concern. However, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying loneliness-related morbidity are not yet well defined. Here we examined the role of genes and associated DNA risk polymorphic variants that are implicated in loneliness via genetic and epigenetic mechanisms and may thus point to specific therapeutic targets. Searches were conducted on PubMed, Medline, and EMBASE databases using specific Medical Subject Headings terms such as loneliness and genes, neuro- and epigenetics, addiction, affective disorders, alcohol, anti-reward, anxiety, depression, dopamine, cancer, cardiovascular, cognitive, hypodopaminergia, medical, motivation, (neuro)psychopathology, social isolation, and reward deficiency. The narrative literature review yielded recursive collections of scientific and clinical evidence, which were subsequently condensed and summarized in the following key areas: (1) Genetic Antecedents: Exploration of multiple genes mediating reward, stress, immunity and other important vital functions; (2) Genes and Mental Health: Examination of genes linked to personality traits and mental illnesses providing insights into the intricate network of interaction converging on the experience of loneliness; (3) Epigenetic Effects: Inquiry into instances of loneliness and social isolation that are driven by epigenetic methylations associated with negative childhood experiences; and (4) Neural Correlates: Analysis of loneliness-related affective states and cognitions with a focus on hypodopaminergic reward deficiency arising in the context of early life stress, eg, maternal separation, underscoring the importance of parental support early in life. Identification of the individual contributions by various (epi)genetic factors presents opportunities for the creation of innovative preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic approaches for individuals who cope with persistent feelings of loneliness. The clinical facets and therapeutic prospects associated with the current understanding of loneliness, are discussed emphasizing the relevance of genes and DNA risk polymorphic variants in the context of loneliness-related morbidity.

General practice-related MeSH terms in main journals: a bibliometric analysis from 2011 to 2021.

There are various Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms used to index general practice research, without consistency. To understand how general practice-related research is indexed in the main general practice journals between 2011 and 2021, and to analyse the factors that influenced the choice of the general practice-related MeSH. This was a quantitative bibliometric study conducted on MEDLINE. MeSH were selected according to the international definition of General Practice/Family Medicine: 'General Practice', 'Primary Health Care', 'Family Practice', 'General Practitioners', 'Physicians, Primary Care', and 'Physicians, Family'. Their use was studied from 2011 to 2021 on MEDLINE, reviewing the 20 general practice journals with the highest impact factors. A descriptive and analytical approach was used; the association of the country, journal, and year with the choice of general practice-related MeSH terms was analysed. A total of 8514 of 150 286 articles (5.7%) were using one of the general practice-related MeSH terms. The most used were 'Primary Health Care' (4648/9984, 46.6%) and 'General Practice' (2841/9984, 28.5%). A total of 80.0% (6172/7723) of the articles were related to the UK or US and 71.0% (6055/8514) of the articles came from four journals (BJGP, BMJ, Journal of General Internal Medicine, and Annals of Family Medicine). Two main country clusters emerged from the use of general practice-related MeSH: a British cluster mainly using 'General Practice' and an American cluster using 'Primary Health Care'. The journals also mainly differed in their used of these two MeSH terms. Important variations in the indexation of general practice research were found. Researchers should consider combining 'Primary Health Care' and 'General Practice' in their PubMed searches to access all the general practice research, regardless of their country of origin.

Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffolds: Should We use Them Again?

Context: An important development in the percutaneous management of coronary artery disease was the creation of the drug-eluting stent (DES). The DES reduces the high incidence of target lesion revascularization associated with balloon angioplasty and bare metal stents by overcoming vessel recoil and restenosis. Despite these advantages, DES carries a persistent risk of stent-related problems due to the permanent implantation of a foreign body and the limitation of arterial vasomotion. Similar to DES, bioresorbable vascular scaffolds (BRS) are intended to distribute drugs and offer mechanical support before completely degrading over the years. Evidence Acquisition: This study was a review article. The data were acquired from PubMed and Google Scholar. Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms were used when available, and only English articles were included in the review. Results: Recent studies have shown that the BRS is not inferior to modern DES clinically, although some clinical results are worrying, particularly the greater rates of scaffold thrombosis. Early studies showed that BRS was superior to DES; nevertheless, larger-scale applications and longer observations revealed serious problems with their use, such as reduced radial strength and a higher risk of thrombosis, which led to a higher rate of serious adverse cardiac events. Conclusions: The position of DES was not directly challenged by additional attention to procedural details and research on the second generation of BRS with innovative features. Bioresorbable vascular scaffolds still have an opportunity to demonstrate their supremacy in standout indicators.

Latest Evidence on Orthognathic Surgery Techniques and Potential Changes in Oral Microbiota related to Intermaxillary Fixation in Orthodontic Patients: A Systematic Review

Background: Orthognathic surgery is often applied for the correction of facial dysmorphia, and different findings were highlighted regarding the techniques applied. After surgical treatment, intermaxillary fixation is placed, which compromises oral hygiene and, consequently, can lead to increased plaque accumulation and microbiological changes, promoting the proliferation of periodontopathogenic bacteria. Therefore, the aims of the present review are to describe the main evidence from the last 20 years of clinical studies concerning surgical techniques applied to orthognathic surgery and, finally, to analyze potential changes in the oral microbiota. Materials and Methods: An electronic search was conducted in the PubMed (MEDLINE) and Scopus databases; the MeSH (Medical Subject Heading) terms are bacteria, dental plaque, evidence-based practice, maxillomandibular fixation, microbiota, operative procedures, and orthognathic surgery. Results: At the end of the search process, 31 relevant articles were finally included and analyzed in this systematic review, which has a low risk of bias. Clinical studies on humans have been considered in this review. Based on the studies included it would be preferable to use piezoelectric technology in osteotomies because of its many advantages, “surgery-first” technique allows for results comparable to the standard technique in Class III malocclusions while improving quality of life more rapidly, the “mandible-first” technique seems to have more advantages than the “maxilla-first” technique, Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) could provide more accurate and precise results, and finally, Laser can be applied with different advantages. Regarding intermaxillary fixation, no long-term increase in the concentration of periodontal bacteria was recorded. Conclusion: Several findings still need to be confirmed with reference to the best suturing technique to reconstitute the nasal wing base, the real effectiveness of “surgery-first,” “maxilla-first,” and “mandible-first” approaches in patients with Class III malocclusion, the use of CAD/CAM and Laser, more studies should be conducted to evaluate quantitative and qualitative changes in other microorganisms following intermaxillary fixation.

Guidelines and Standard Frameworks for AI in Medicine: Protocol for a Systematic Literature Review.

Applications of artificial intelligence (AI) are pervasive in modern biomedical science. In fact, research results suggesting algorithms and AI models for different target diseases and conditions are continuously increasing. While this situation undoubtedly improves the outcome of AI models, health care providers are increasingly unsure which AI model to use due to multiple alternatives for a specific target and the "black box" nature of AI. Moreover, the fact that studies rarely use guidelines in developing and reporting AI models poses additional challenges in trusting and adapting models for practical implementation. This review protocol describes the planned steps and methods for a review of the synthesized evidence regarding the quality of available guidelines and frameworks to facilitate AI applications in medicine. We will commence a systematic literature search using medical subject headings terms for medicine, guidelines, and machine learning (ML). All available guidelines, standard frameworks, best practices, checklists, and recommendations will be included, irrespective of the study design. The search will be conducted on web-based repositories such as PubMed, Web of Science, and the EQUATOR (Enhancing the Quality and Transparency of Health Research) network. After removing duplicate results, a preliminary scan for titles will be done by 2 reviewers. After the first scan, the reviewers will rescan the selected literature for abstract review, and any incongruities about whether to include the article for full-text review or not will be resolved by the third and fourth reviewer based on the predefined criteria. A Google Scholar (Google LLC) search will also be performed to identify gray literature. The quality of identified guidelines will be evaluated using the Appraisal of Guidelines, Research, and Evaluation (AGREE II) tool. A descriptive summary and narrative synthesis will be carried out, and the details of critical appraisal and subgroup synthesis findings will be presented. The results will be reported using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses) reporting guidelines. Data analysis is currently underway, and we anticipate finalizing the review by November 2023. Guidelines and recommended frameworks for developing, reporting, and implementing AI studies have been developed by different experts to facilitate the reliable assessment of validity and consistent interpretation of ML models for medical applications. We postulate that a guideline supports the assessment of an ML model only if the quality and reliability of the guideline are high. Assessing the quality and aspects of available guidelines, recommendations, checklists, and frameworks-as will be done in the proposed review-will provide comprehensive insights into current gaps and help to formulate future research directions. DERR1-10.2196/47105.

Article retractions rates in selected MeSH term categories in PubMed published between 2010 - 2020

ABSTRACT Background Academic article retractions occur across all disciplines, though few studies have examined the association between research topics and retraction rates. Objectives We assessed and compared the rate of retraction across several important clinical research topics. Methods Information about the number of publications, the number of retractions, the retraction rate, and the time to retraction was collected for articles identified by 15 Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms. These articles were published between 1 January 2010, and 31 December 2020. The searches took place between 18 September 2021, and 24 October 2021. The MeSH terms were selected based on our clinical experience with the expectation that there will be multiple publications during the timeframe to use for the searches. Additional topics were selected based on the frequency of controversy in the public media and were identified by the Altmetric Top 100 report. Results The mean number of publications for all categories was 181,975 ± 332,245; the median number of publications was 67,991 [Q1-Q3; 31951.5, 138,981.5]. The mean number of retractions was 100.3 ± 251.3, and the median number of retractions was 22 [Q1, Q3; 6.5,53]. The mean time to retraction ranged from 114 days to 1,409.5 days; the median was 857.3 days [Q1, Q3; 684.7, 1098.6], depending on the topic. The various MeSH term categories used in this study had significant differences in retraction rate and time to retraction. The “Neoplasms” category had the highest total number of retractions (993) and one of the highest retraction rates (75.4 per 100,000 publications). Discussion All PubMed categories analyzed in this study had retracted articles. The median time to retraction was 857 days. The long delays in some categories could contribute to potentially misleading information which might have adverse effects on clinical decisions in patient care and on research design. Conclusion Rate of retraction varies across research topics and further studies are needed to explore this relationship.

Terapia fotodinâmica como coadjuvante ao tratamento endodôntico: revisão de literatura

Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) has been growing in endodontics due to the excellent potential for in vivo root canal decontamination. This literature review aims to discuss the effectiveness of PDT in assisting as an adjuvant to endodontic treatment and the different clinical applications and their results. Thorough research was performed between March and May 2020, using the “Terapia fotodinâmica” and “Endodontia” descriptors indexed in the Descriptors in Health Sciences (DeCs) and the “Photodynamic therapy” and “Endodontics” descriptors indexed in the Medical Subject Heading Terms (MeshTerms –MeSH). The databases searched were SciELO, Pubmed, and LILACS, for publications between 2013 and 2020. In this bibliographic survey, it was selected 28 articles for a full-text analysis and used as references. The bibliographic survey showed that PDT effectively assists the endodontic treatment, offers a high potential for eliminating bacteria such as Enterococcus faecalis, and is little invasive and risk-free for patients. It was concluded that PDT is clearly effective, but its clinical applicability is still subject to different protocols, which requires developing a protocol for common use.

Pathophysiological interactions between sarcopenia and type 2 diabetes: A two-way street influencing diagnosis and therapeutic options.

This review will try to elucidate the interconnected pathophysiology of sarcopenia and type 2 diabetes (T2D) and will try to identify a common pathway to explain their development. To this end, the PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for articles published about the underlying pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of both sarcopenia and T2D. The medical subject heading (MeSH) terms 'sarcopenia' AND 'diabetes mellitus' AND ('physiopathology' OR 'diagnosis' OR 'therapeutics' OR 'aetiology' OR 'causality') were used. After screening, 32 papers were included. It was evident that sarcopenia and T2D share multiple pathophysiological mechanisms. Common changes in muscle architecture consist of a shift in myocyte composition, increased myosteatosis and a decreased capacity for muscle regeneration. Further, both diseases are linked to an imbalance in myokine and sex hormone production. Chronic low-grade inflammation and increased levels of oxidative stress are also known pathophysiological contributors. In the future, research efforts should be directed towards discovering common checkpoints in the development of T2D and sarcopenia as possible shared therapeutic targets for both diseases. Current treatment for T2D with biguanides, incretins and insulin may already convey a protective effect on the development of sarcopenia. Furthermore, attention should be given to early diagnosis of sarcopenia within the population of people with T2D, given the sizeable physical and medical burden it encompasses. A combination of simple diagnostic techniques could be used at regular diabetes check-ups to identify sarcopenia at an early stage and start lifestyle modifications and treatment as soon as possible.

Clinical dental management of the head and neck irradiated patient

To discuss important topics regarding the dental procedures performed in patients before, during and after the radiotherapy treatment. The biological effects of ionizing radiation on bone tissue focusing on clinical care will be described. The invasive and not invasive procedures after radiotherapy treatment in the head and neck region will be addressed using scientific evidences to determine the appropriate moment for tooth extractions, periodontal management, and preventive procedures for osteoradionecrosis. Methods: Thirty-three studies including original studies and reviews were selected in MEDLINE database (PubMed). No year of publication restriction was applied. Language was restricted to the English, and the following Medical Subject Heading terms were used: radiotherapy, osteoradionecrosis, dental management. Studies of osteoradionecrosis involving clinical management of irradiated patients, with an emphasis on updated guidelines and protocols were selected. Results: Care in dental procedures were related about restorative treatment, endodontic treatment, rehabilitation for edentulous regions using prostheses and implants and periodontal procedures before, during and after RTX treatment. Conclusions: The dental procedures should and can be performed before, during but also after radiotherapy. However, the clinical procedures should be less invasive as possible. A maintenance plan that reduces the necessity for major and more invasive treatments after radiotherapy is recommended.

Pediatric Tui Na for Feeding Intolerance in Premature Infants: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Feeding intolerance (FI), frequently resulting from gastrointestinal immaturity, is prevalent among premature infants. Current practices are gradually prioritizing nonpharmacological treatments, such as massage or "Tui na," considering the potential side effects of prolonged medication use. Pediatric Tui na, a specialized massage therapy based on traditional Chinese medicine, has been widely studied for treating FI in premature infants. However, to our knowledge, no systematic review specifically focusing on the effectiveness and safety of traditional Chinese medicine-based pediatric Tui na for FI in premature infants has been published yet. This study aims to develop a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis for evaluating the safety and efficacy of pediatric Tui na for premature infants with FI. We will perform a comprehensive search in the following databases: Springer, Cochrane Library, Embase, MEDLINE, Clarivate Analytics, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus, World Health Organization (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, and Chinese biomedical databases (Wanfang database, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Scientific Journals Database, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Databases), limited to studies published in Chinese and English languages between January 2000 and January 2023. The search strategy will use MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms and database-specific keywords. A total of 2 independent reviewers will initially screen the studies based on titles and abstracts, followed by a full-text evaluation of the eligible studies. Studies will include any nonrandomized controlled trials, nonrandomized clinical studies, randomized controlled trials, and quasi-experimental studies wherein the treatment group involves premature infants with FI given pediatric Tui na. Primary outcomes will be necrotizing enterocolitis, gastric residual volume, emesis, and stool blood. Secondary outcomes will be abdominal distension weight gain, time to achieve full enteral feeding, any adverse effects associated with pediatric Tui na, and length of hospital stay. The Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool will be used to assess the risk of bias and methodological quality. Funnel plots will be used for evaluating publication bias. Meta-analysis will be conducted using the Review Manager software (version 5.4; Cochrane Collaboration). Subgroup analyses will be considered according to treatment received, country or setting, sex, and birth weight of premature infants (if heterogeneity is high, I2≥50%). This is a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol, so the results are not yet available. The protocol has been registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023390021). We are currently in the study selection phase. Results are expected to be completed by the end of 2023. Following this protocol, a comprehensive and rigorous literature synthesis will be developed to assess the impact of pediatric Tui na treatment on premature infants with FI, enabling the determination of its efficacy and safety. PROSPERO CRD42023390021; https://tinyurl.com/bdf4kn23. PRR1-10.2196/46375.

Mobile audiometry for hearing threshold assessment: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Technological advancements in mobile audiometry (MA) have enabled hearing assessment using tablets and smartphones. This systematic review (PROSPERO ID: CRD42021274761) aimed to identify MA options available to health providers, assess their accuracy in measuring hearing thresholds, and explore factors that might influence their accuracy. A systematic search of online databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Evidence Search and Dynamed was conducted on 13th December 2021, and repeated on 30th October 2022, using appropriate Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms. Eligible studies reported the use of MA to determine hearing thresholds and compared results to conventional pure-tone audiometry (CA). Studies investigating MA for hearing screening (i.e. reporting just pass/fail) were ineligible for inclusion. Two authors independently reviewed studies, extracted data, and assessed methodological quality and risk of bias using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 (QUADAS-2) tool. Adults and children, with and without diagnosis of hearing impairment. A meta-analysis was performed to obtain the mean difference between thresholds measured using MA and CA in dB HL. Searches returned 858 articles. After systematic review, 17 articles including 1032 participants were analysed. The most used software application was ShoeboxTM (6/17) followed by Hearing TestTM (3/17), then HearTestTM (2/17). Tablet computers were used in ten studies, smartphones in six, and a computer in one. The mean difference between MA and CA thresholds was 1.36 dB (95% CI, 0.07-2.66, p = 0.04). Significant differences between mobile audiometry (MA) and conventional audiometry (CA) thresholds were observed in thresholds measured at 500Hz, in children, when MA was conducted in a sound booth, and when MA was self-administered. However, these differences did not exceed the clinically significant threshold of 10 decibels (dB). Included studies exhibited high levels of heterogeneity, high risk of bias and low concerns about applicability. MA compares favourably to CA in measuring hearing thresholds and has role in providing access to hearing assessment in situations where CA is not available or feasible. Future studies should prioritize the integration of pure-tone threshold assessment with additional tests, such as Speech Recognition and Digits-in-Noise, for a more rounded evaluation of hearing ability, assesses acceptability and feasibility, and the cost-effectiveness of MA in non-specialist settings.

Glioblastoma Immunotherapy: A Systematic Review of the Present Strategies and Prospects for Advancements.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is characterized by aggressive growth and high rates of recurrence. Despite the advancements in conventional therapies, the prognosis for GBM patients remains poor. Immunotherapy has recently emerged as a potential treatment option. The aim of this systematic review is to assess the current strategies and future perspectives of the GBM immunotherapy strategies. A systematic search was conducted across major medical databases (PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library) up to 3 September 2023. The search strategy utilized relevant Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms and keywords related to "glioblastomas," "immunotherapies," and "treatment." The studies included in this review consist of randomized controlled trials, non-randomized controlled trials, and cohort studies reporting on the use of immunotherapies for the treatment of gliomas in human subjects. A total of 1588 papers are initially identified. Eligibility is confirmed for 752 articles, while 655 are excluded for various reasons, including irrelevance to the research topic (627), insufficient method and results details (12), and being case-series or cohort studies (22), systematic literature reviews, or meta-analyses (3). All the studies within the systematic review were clinical trials spanning from 1995 to 2023, involving 6383 patients. Neuro-oncology published the most glioma immunotherapy-related clinical trials (15/97, 16%). Most studies were released between 2018 and 2022, averaging nine publications annually during this period. Adoptive cellular transfer chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells were the primary focus in 11% of the studies, with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), oncolytic viruses (OVs), and cancer vaccines (CVs) comprising 26%, 12%, and 51%, respectively. Phase-I trials constituted the majority at 51%, while phase-III trials were only 7% of the total. Among these trials, 60% were single arm, 39% double arm, and one multi-arm. Immunotherapies were predominantly employed for recurrent GBM (55%). The review also revealed ongoing clinical trials, including 9 on ICIs, 7 on CVs, 10 on OVs, and 8 on CAR T cells, totaling 34 trials, with phase-I trials representing the majority at 53%, and only one in phase III. Overcoming immunotolerance, stimulating robust tumor antigen responses, and countering immunosuppressive microenvironment mechanisms are critical for curative GBM immunotherapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as PD-1 and CTLA-4 inhibitors, show promise, with the ongoing research aiming to enhance their effectiveness. Personalized cancer vaccines, especially targeting neoantigens, offer substantial potential. Oncolytic viruses exhibited dual mechanisms and a breakthrough status in the clinical trials. CAR T-cell therapy, engineered for specific antigen targeting, yields encouraging results, particularly against IL13 Rα2 and EGFRvIII. The development of second-generation CAR T cells with improved specificity exemplifies their adaptability.

Impact of fluid and haemodynamic management in cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy on postoperative outcomes - A systematic review.

Cytoreduction surgery (CRS) with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is an extensive surgery associated with significant fluid shift and blood loss. The haemodynamic management and fluid therapy protocol may impact postoperative outcomes. This systematic review was conducted to find the effect of haemodynamic monitoring and perioperative fluid therapy in CRS-HIPEC on postoperative outcomes. We searched PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar. All studies published between 2010 and 2022 involving CRS-HIPEC surgeries that compared the effect of fluid therapy and haemodynamic monitoring on postoperative outcomes were included. Keywords for database searches included a combination of Medical Subject Headings terms and plain text related to the CRS-HIPEC procedure. The risk of bias and the certainty assessment were done by Risk of Bias-2 and the methodological index for non-randomised studies. The review included 16 published studies out of 388 articles. The studies were heterogeneous concerning the design type and parameter measures. The studies with goal-directed fluid therapy protocol had a duration of intensive care unit (ICU) stay that varied from 1 to 20 days, while mortality varied from 0% to 9.5%. The choice of fluid, crystalloid versus colloid, remains inconclusive. The studies that compared crystalloids and colloids for perioperative fluid management did not show a difference in clinical outcomes. The interpretation of the available literature is challenging because the definitions of various fluid regimens and haemodynamic goals are not uniform among studies. An individualised approach to perioperative fluid therapy and a justified dynamic index cut-off for haemodynamic monitoring seem reasonable for CRS-HIPEC procedures.

The Role of Social Media in Health Misinformation and Disinformation During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Bibliometric Analysis.

The use of social media platforms to seek information continues to increase. Social media platforms can be used to disseminate important information to people worldwide instantaneously. However, their viral nature also makes it easy to share misinformation, disinformation, unverified information, and fake news. The unprecedented reliance on social media platforms to seek information during the COVID-19 pandemic was accompanied by increased incidents of misinformation and disinformation. Consequently, there was an increase in the number of scientific publications related to the role of social media in disseminating health misinformation and disinformation at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic. Health misinformation and disinformation, especially in periods of global public health disasters, can lead to the erosion of trust in policy makers at best and fatal consequences at worst. This paper reports a bibliometric analysis aimed at investigating the evolution of research publications related to the role of social media as a driver of health misinformation and disinformation since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, this study aimed to identify the top trending keywords, niche topics, authors, and publishers for publishing papers related to the current research, as well as the global collaboration between authors on topics related to the role of social media in health misinformation and disinformation since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Scopus database was accessed on June 8, 2023, using a combination of Medical Subject Heading and author-defined terms to create the following search phrases that targeted the title, abstract, and keyword fields: ("Health*" OR "Medical") AND ("Misinformation" OR "Disinformation" OR "Fake News") AND ("Social media" OR "Twitter" OR "Facebook" OR "YouTube" OR "WhatsApp" OR "Instagram" OR "TikTok") AND ("Pandemic*" OR "Corona*" OR "Covid*"). A total of 943 research papers published between 2020 and June 2023 were analyzed using Microsoft Excel (Microsoft Corporation), VOSviewer (Centre for Science and Technology Studies, Leiden University), and the Biblioshiny package in Bibliometrix (K-Synth Srl) for RStudio (Posit, PBC). The highest number of publications was from 2022 (387/943, 41%). Most publications (725/943, 76.9%) were articles. JMIR published the most research papers (54/943, 5.7%). Authors from the United States collaborated the most, with 311 coauthored research papers. The keywords "Covid-19," "social media," and "misinformation" were the top 3 trending keywords, whereas "learning systems," "learning models," and "learning algorithms" were revealed as the niche topics on the role of social media in health misinformation and disinformation during the COVID-19 outbreak. Collaborations between authors can increase their productivity and citation counts. Niche topics such as "learning systems," "learning models," and "learning algorithms" could be exploited by researchers in future studies to analyze the influence of social media on health misinformation and disinformation during periods of global public health emergencies.

Relationship between anatomical characteristics of pulmonary veins and atrial fibrillation recurrence after radiofrequency catheter ablation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The aim of the current study was to investigate the potential relationship between anatomical characteristics of pulmonary veins (PVs) and atrial fibrillation recurrence (AFR) following radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA), specifically focusing on PV diameter and cross-sectional orifices index (CSOA). The analysis was based on a comprehensive review of currently available literature, providing valuable insights for the prevention and treatment of AFR. Data was collected from five databases, including PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane, spanning the period from 2004 to October 2022. The search strategy utilized Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms related to PV diameter, PV size, PV anatomy, and AFR. Indicators of PV diameter and CSOA from the included studies were collected and analyzed, with Weight mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) representing continuous variables. The meta-analysis included six studies. The results revealed that patients with AFR had a significant larger mean PV diameter compared to those without AFR (MD 0.33; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.66; P = 0.04; I2 = 33.80%). In a meta-analysis of two studies involving a total of 715 participants, we compared the diameters of the left superior pulmonary vein (LSPV), left inferior pulmonary vein (LIPV), right superior pulmonary vein (RSPV), right inferior pulmonary vein (RIPV) between patients with AFR and patients without AFR. The results showed that there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in any of the four data items (all P > 0.05). Additionally, the pooled estimate revealed that LSPV-CSOA, LIPV-COSA, RSPV-COSA, and RIPV-CSOA were greater in the AFR group compared to the non-AFR group, but the differences were not statistically significant (all P > 0.05). We found evidence supporting the notion that the PV diameter of patients who experienced AFR after RFCA was significantly larger than that of patients without AFR. The findings suggested that the PV diameter could serve as a potential predictor of the risk of AFR following RFCA.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Early-Stage Testicular Cancer: AUA Guideline Amendment 2023.

The purpose of this American Urological Association (AUA) guideline amendment is to provide a useful reference on the effective evidence-based treatment strategies for early-stage testicular cancer. The original methodology protocol included searches of PubMed®, Embase®, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) from January 1980 through August 2018. The search strategy used medical subject heading (MeSH) terms and key words relevant to the diagnosis and treatment of early-stage testicular cancer. The searches conducted for the update presented herein utilized the same methodological protocol to capture literature published through March 2023. When sufficient evidence existed, the body of evidence was assigned a strength rating of A (high), B (moderate), or C (low) for support of Strong, Moderate, or Conditional Recommendations. In the absence of sufficient evidence, additional information is provided as Clinical Principles and Expert Opinions. Updates were made to statements on imaging, seminoma management, non-seminoma management, surveillance for stage I testicular cancer, and additional survivorship. Further revisions were made to the methodology and reference sections as appropriate. This guideline seeks to improve clinicians' ability to evaluate and treat patients with early-stage testicular cancer based on currently available evidence. Future studies will be essential to further support or refine these statements to improve patient care.

The effectiveness of dental water jet in reducing dental plaque and gingival bleeding in orthodontic patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

This systematic review and meta-analysis tests the effectiveness of dental water jet (DWJ) with manual toothbrushes (MTB) compared to MTB alone in oral health maintenance in orthodontic patients. Four databases were systematically searched: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science (WoS) and Cochrane Library until 6 January 2022 using a combination of medical subject heading (MeSH) terms and keywords. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were only included and critically appraised using the Cochrane Risk of Bias (ROB) tool. The mean difference (MD) effect measure was calculated using the Mantel-Haenszel statistical test (95% confidence interval [CI]) to compare both study groups (p-value < 0.05). After reviewing 5881 studies from a systematic search, six were selected for inclusion, with four involved in the quantitative analysis. The risk of bias was low in two studies, moderate in two studies and high in the remaining two studies. The meta-analysis showed a significant improvement in plaque index and bleeding scores in DWJ + MTB group compared MTB alone group in orthodontic patients with generalized gingivitis (MD = -0.75, 95% CI [-1.29, -0.22], p = 0.006) and (MD = -0.17, 95% CI [-0.27, -0.08], p = 0.0003), respectively. However, no significant improvement was detected between both groups in the gingival index. The use of DWJ as an adjunctive device in addition to MTB can be an effective strategy for maintaining oral hygiene in orthodontic patients with gingivitis. However, more high-quality RCTs are needed to confirm the findings.

Chitosan-based formulation for bone health: A review

Bone health may be impacted by various causes such as dietary deficiencies and metabolic disturbances. The possible use of chitosan (CTS) has also been investigated in improving bone health due to its biodegradability, biocompatibility, and low toxicity. This review aims to study the role of CTS formulation for maintaining bone health including treating bone-related diseases, particularly osteoporosis. The literature was extracted from three databases (PubMed, Scopus and ScienceDirect) from the year 2011 to 2021 using the Medical subject heading (MeSH) terms “osteoporosis” crossed with the term “chitosan". Several formulations of CTS have been implemented in helping bone-related diseases such as nanocomposite, hydrogel and scaffolds. A nanocomposite chitosan formulation successfully increased the femur bone's calcification intensity in a study on adult female rats. CTS-based hydrogel has been found to convey mechanical strength similar to the vertebral bone and possess inherent osteoconductive properties. In conclusion, CTS has shown great potential to be used alone or in combination with other materials in treating bone-related diseases. CTS is also extensively investigated for its benefit as a formulation for various applications due to its good biocompatibility and biodegradability.

Associations betweenmicrobial presence in follicular fluid with IVF outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The aim of the study was to synthesize disparate studies to investigate potential impact of microbial presence in FF of infertile women on IVF outcomes. Following preliminary searches to find medical subject heading (MeSH) terms plus free terms, a systematic search was performed in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, and Clinicaltrials.gov databases from January 10, 2022, to July 5, 2023. Data collected for each study were analyzed using RevMan 5.4 software available on the Cochrane website. After correcting for contamination from the vagina, the FFs of 289 women were detected positively by microbial culture and identification, ELISA, and IPA. The pregnancy rate of the FF-positive group was significantly lower than the FF-negative group (19.7% vs. 32.2%) and (OR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.28-1.14, P=0.11; I2=56%) while the fertilization rate was almost equal (60.0% vs. 62.0%) and (OR: 1.03, 95% CI: 0.88-1.20, P=0.72; I2=0%). Evidence quality was very low. The different species of microorganisms in FF of infertile women may have different effects on IVF outcomes. The Lactobacillus spp. may have a positive effect, while other microorganisms may have the opposite effect.