Medical College In Central India Research Articles

Internet Addiction Amongst Students of a Medical College in Central India: A Cross-Sectional Study

Internet addiction is an upcoming problem that has been considered as an important public health problem and the position of India comes after China, US and Japan in terms of highest number of internet users. To assess the usage of internet among students of Medical college and to classify levels of internet addiction. A questionnaire based crosssectional study was planned. Students of 1st year, 3rd year and interns were selected to participate in study. Young’s Addiction Test was used as a tool to assess and classify internet addiction. Data was entered and analysed in Epiinfo7. 49.75% (199) students has mean score between 50-79 which indicates moderate dependence on internet whereas 36.50 (146) students has mean score of 31-49 and 3.75% (15) students show mean score between 81-100 which indicates mild and severe dependency on internet respectively. 10% (40) students has mean score between 0-30 which indicates normal internet usage. the internet usage among medical students is on rise which should be taken care of with care and special program should be taken to create awareness amongst students.

Sympathovagal Balance and Body Shape Index in Elite and Amateur Athletes: The Relationship Unraveled.

Background Heart rate variability (HRV) is one piece among a complex network of adaptations existent in athletes that help them gain a better understanding of their own physiology. Sympathovagal balance is one of the spectral components of HRV analysis and is used to assess the frequently changing oscillations of a healthy heart, which can help in gauging the response of cardiac function towards physiological stress during exercise. This index is extensively used in appraising cardiac autonomic modulation. An evaluation of body composition in athletes has become a critical consideration when tracking HRV, as it helps practitioners understand the role of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in obesity. The body shape index (BSI), which is based on waist circumference (WC), is an anthropometric parameter with decent predictive ability when measuring centripetal obesity. In this regard, the current study is an attempt to unravel the relationship between BSI and sympathovagal balance during exercise performed on two different instruments (treadmill and ergometer) by elite and amateur athletes. Methods It was an observational case-control study that included 30 elite and 120 amateur athletes. Symptom-limited exercise testing was performed by athletes on a motorized treadmill and ergometer in the sports physiology laboratory of a rural medical college in central India. Different anthropometric parameters like BSI and body surface area (BSA) were also recorded. Short-term HRV extracted fromelectrocardiogram (ECG) recordings was obtained using the Power Lab system and HRV analysis by LabChart software. Results The sympathovagal ratio, i.e., ratio of low frequency (LF) to high frequency (HF) in elite and amateur male populations showed a higher value than that in females, indicating a dominant sympathetic response in the males. There was a significant (p=0.042) positive correlation (r=0.24) between BSI and LF/HF Ratio in amateur females during treadmill exercise, whereas a significant (p=0.049) negative correlation (r=-0.27) was obtained in amateur males during ergometer exercise. Hence, increased weight and BSI were found to be associated with high sympathetic dominance, indicating a sympathovagal imbalance. Conclusion We attempted to explore the interaction between BSI and LF/HF during exercise performed on two different instruments (treadmill and ergometer) by elite and amateur athletes, which can help in testing the response of cardiac function to stress experienced during exercise. The study's uniqueness stems from discovering the relationship between BSI and HRV and how this relationship impacts sports performance. BSI measurement in athletes, both elite and amateur, allows for the assessment and forecasting of potential autonomic activity under exercise-induced stress by linking HRV with BSI.

Posterior capsule opacification assessment of need and outcome of Nd-YAG laser capsulotomy: a follow up of rapid assessment of avoidable blindness in a district in central India

Background: Current study highlights the burden of PCO related blindness, need of Nd YAG laser in rural set up and positive and negative outcomes of Nd-YAG laser capulotomy in treating PCO. Methods: This study was conducted in 2020 at the department of ophthalmology at a medical college in central india. A total 53 such eyes were studied. Results: A 408 individuals were included with pseudophakia in one or both eyes. Mean age of pseudophakic study population was 67.9±7.6 years (range 50-92 years). Nearly 50% of the eyes had a visual acuity of less than 6/18. 40% of the pseudophakic eyes had visually significant PCO. There were 53 eyes where the visual impairment was solely due to PCO and Nd-YAG Laser capsulotomy was done for these eyes. Post Laser Treatment 79.2% of treated eyes achieved a visual acuity of ≥6/18. Most commonly encountered complications after YAG Laser Capsulotomy was IOP spike which was seen in 29.5% of eyes undergoing the procedure which was followed by IOL pitting seen in 29.7%. Conclusions: The reach of Nd-YAG laser capsulotomy is limited to these masses. A step to prevent blindness in this category of population would be to ensure vailibility of Nd-YAG laser capsulotomy. This procedure is relatively safe with few complications.

Knowledge, attitude, implementation and satisfaction levels regarding availability of resources for airborne infection control among the nursing staff of a medical college in central India during the COVID-19 pandemic

Implementing airborne infection control measures as per guidelines are very important in preventing the spread of airborne infections. Therefore the purpose of this study was to evaluate the gaps in knowledge, attitude, implementation and satisfaction levels regarding the availability of resources for airborne infection control among the nursing staff of a medical college in central India during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional survey was done in which 109 nurses participated. This self-administrable questionnaire contained five parts (General information, knowledge, attitude, implementation and satisfaction regarding available resources) and was distributed to the participants. The correct responses as per the National airborne infection control guideline, Ministry of Health and family Welfare, Government of India, 2010 (NAIC) were scored and assessed. The mean age of the participants was 28.9 + 3.02 years. The mean scores out of total score of 10 were 5.48 + 1.2 for knowledge, 6.78 +1.0 for attitude, 5.21 + 1.1 for implementation, and 4.28 + 0.9 for satisfaction of available resources. The knowledge was adequate in 46.8%, the attitude was positive in 89.9 %, the guideline implementation was adequate in 45.9% and the resource satisfaction was only in 9.2% of study participants. Although the nurses had a positive attitude to airborne infection control practices, the overall knowledge and implementation of NAIC were barely adequate and the majority of subjects felt gaps in the availability of resources in implementations of these guidelines. Therefore, it is recommended to enforce their training, ensuring better availability of resources and strict monitoring from hospital administrations for better implementation of NAIC.

Evaluation of Fatal Craniocerebral Injuries: an Autopsy Based Study in Rural Medical College in Central India

Evaluation of Fatal Craniocerebral Injuries: an Autopsy Based Study in Rural Medical College in Central India

Exploring the Relationship Between the Indices of Body Composition With Grip Strength Performance and Peak VO2.

Background The importance of measurements of body composition in terms of various indices including Body Mass Index (BMI), Body Surface Area (BSA), Body Size Index (BSI), and Waist to Height ratio (WtHR) in the diagnosis of health risks and mortality outcome analysis has largely been limited to their use relating to determining abdominal obesity. The understanding of the extent of implications of the newer, underutilized indices of body composition is deficient. Peak VO2(maximal oxygen uptake) majorly serves for the evaluation of the measure of aerobic capacity. Grip strength performance is a simple, primary, objective predictor of overall physical status and muscular and cardiovascular fitness. This study aimed to derive the relationship between a gamut of parameters such as BMI, BSA, WtHR, BSI, grip strength performance and peak VO2 investigated using the latest scientific methodology in a cross-section of the population in a rural tertiary care center. Methodology This study was a descriptive, cross-sectional study carried out in a rural medical college in central India. Sixty participants from the healthcare setting were considered eligible for the study within the age group of 18 to 45 years. Anthropometric assessments like height (in cm), weight (in kg), waist circumference (in cm), and BMI were carried out. BSA, WtHR, and BSI were calculated using the respective formulae.VO2max (maximal oxygen uptake) recordings were done using thetreadmill/ergometer andmetabolic module of LabChart software (Bella Vista,New South Wales, Australia).Grip Strength Performance was quantified by measuring the amount of static force with which the hand is able to squeeze a transducer. It was measured using Grip Force Transducer (MLT004 / ST) from AD Instruments (Bella Vista,New South Wales, Australia). Results Upon analysis, a significant negative correlation was obtained between BSI and BMI (r= -0.51, p<0.0001) whereas a significant positive correlation was found between BSA and BMI (r= 0.71, p< 0.0001). A significant correlation was also seen between WtHR and BMI (r= 0.71, p< 0.0001) while a negative significant correlation between peak VO2 and BMI (r= -024,p=0.0425) was deduced. Similarly, a negative correlation was evident between BSA and BMI (r= -0.46, p=0.0002) with a positive correlation between WtHR and BSA (r= 0.30,p=0.0188). Grip strength performance positively correlated with BSA (r= 0.58, p< 0.0001) whereas peak VO2 showed a significant negative correlation with WtHR (r= -026,p=0.043). There was also a positive significant correlation between grip strength performance and peak VO2 (r= 0.37, p=0.0033) Conclusion The study determined the relationships of grip strength performance and peak VO2, with the body composition indices in order to provide an overview of the mortal risks of an individual which might mediate the prognosis. Based on the relative independence of BSI with peak VO2 and grip strength performance, the unification of these parameters can help assess the overall health of an individual.

Exploring the Effect of Yoga on Exercise Endurance As Assessed by Cardiorespiratory Efficiency Tests in Exercise Physiology Laboratory: A Pilot Study.

Background Today's world of cut-throat competition is boggling with stress as the most common problem among the modern generation, and reduction in stress demands a radical solution. Yoga comes as a rescuer that focuses on improving one's physical and spiritual well-being. It can increase one's strength and flexibility. Yoga practitioners have asserted the effect of physical exercise involved in it on balancing physical and spiritual health for decades, but only recently has there been a move to substantiate these claims through research. This study aimed at assessing the effect of yogic practice on exercise endurance and physical fitness as assessed by important physical fitness parameters through cardiorespiratory efficiency tests in an Exercise Physiology Laboratory. Methodology A total of 60 Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) studentsfrom a rural medical college in central India were recruited for the study.Thirty MBBS students who had undergone yogic training for six months comprised the trained or the case group, and another group of 30 students comprising the untrained group were recruited for the study from different levels of the course within the age group of 17-25 years. Body mass index (BMI) and body surface area (BSA) were calculated. Resting pulse rate and blood pressure, resting respiratory rate, maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), physical fitness index (PFI), breath holding time (BHT), and 40 mm Hg endurance test time was measured. Results The mean PFI (%) in males was 88.82±5.56 and 96.05±7.44, and that in females was 82.06±8.95 and 96.55±6.47 in the control and case groups, respectively. The mean 40 mm Hg endurance test (in seconds) in males was 36.47±8.45 and 48.88±8.64 and in females was 29.79±10.30 and 38.4±10.69 in the control and test groups, respectively. The mean BHT (in seconds) in males was 44.80±14.18 and 58.91±12.35, and that in females was 42.29±15.37 and 54.60±13.36 as in controland case groups, respectively. The VO2max evaluated by the modified Harvard step test was 2.41±0.58 L/min in control males and 3.6±0.90 L/min in the case group of males, and it was 2.14±0.49 L/min in the control group of females, and 3.76±0.69 L/min in case group of females. Conclusion By studying the dynamics of the various cardiorespiratory responses, we have determined the values of fitness parameters in the case group. It was found that the yoga group had statistically significantly higher VO2 max per minute and better PFI, BHT, and 40 mm Hg endurance values (p<0.05).

A cross sectional study on perceptions and promoting factors for eye donation among undergraduate medical students

Background: It is realized that voluntary corneal donation rate depends upon the level of awareness of various stakeholders in our society. the aim of the current study was to evaluate the characteristics that encourage eye donation among medical students. Methods: This study was carried out using a pretested self-administered questionnaire, in the month of February 2022 among 350 undergraduate medical students of a medical college in central India. After classes ended, authors delivered questionnaires to students in the classrooms, explaining the nature and aim of the study and requesting them to participate in the study. Results: 80% (280/350) of study subjects knew about eye donation. 54.8% (192/350) of study subjects were willing to donate their eyes. 89.1% knew that a big proportion of blindness is preventable. 98.6% of the study participants opined that vitamin A plays a significant role in preventing childhood blindness. three most important such factors as perceived by study participants were noble cause (44%, n=154), pleasure to support the blind people (36.3%, N=127) and inspiration from advertisement on TV by favorite actor (30%, N=105). 67.7% subjects said that blind religious beliefs are significant obstacle in eye donation. Conclusions: Majority of students support active participation in the dissemination of knowledge, lack of awareness is the primary impediment to cornea donation. The course curriculum should include both fundamental eye care and other preventive and promotive elements of corneal blindness.

Hepatitis B vaccination status and knowledge, attitude, and practice of hepatitis B among medical students at a medical college in central India

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection imposes a major public health problem with an increased risk of occupational exposure among unvaccinated health care workers (HCWs). This study was conducted to determine the Hepatitis B vaccination status, along with the knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding Hepatitis B, among medical students at a medical college in a central India. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2022 to July 2022. A total of 477 students of health care professions were included into the study using a whole sampling technique. Data were collected using self-administered structured questionnaire and analyzed by using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 26. Results: Response rate was 91.61% (437). Majority of the students (&gt;80%) had an adequate knowledge on risk factors for HBV, its mode of transmissions, and preventions. About 192 of 437 (43.9%) participants had positive attitude towards following infection control guidelines, and 310 (70.9%) respondents believe that all HCWs should take HBV vaccine. However, only 11.2% students had completed the three doses schedule of HBV vaccination. Whereas, a significant number of students, 142 (32.5%), had been exposed to blood/body fluid via needle stick injury at least once since they started their training in the health facility. Conclusions: Study found that trainees in health profession are at a very high risk of contracting HBV infection during their training due to the low HBV vaccine uptake rate and high rate of accidental exposure to blood. We recommend that all students in the health profession should be vaccinated prior to their entry into professional practices.

Pregnancy With Uterine Fibroids: Obstetric Outcome at a Tertiary Care Hospital of Central India.

Uterine fibroids are the most frequent benign tumorof the female reproductive system, with a significantly lower frequency in pregnancy. This could be due to the fact that uterine fibroids are linked to infertility and low implantation rates following in vitro fertilization (IVF). The goal of this study was to look at the obstetrics outcomes of uterine fibroids and their consequences in a tertiary hospital. The current study was a observational cohort study that evaluated the cases of pregnancy with fibroid. Study was undertaken at the Department ofObstetrics and Gynecology (OBGY) at a medicalcollege in central India and it was conducted over a period of nine months from 1st November 2021 to 31st July 2022. All pregnant women who had an ultrasonography (USG)-documented uterine fibroid diagnosed prenatally or antenatally were enrolled. All demographic information, laboratory and USG results were noted and their mode of delivery, obstetric complications, if any, and neonatal outcomes were evaluated. A total of 110 cases were enrolled as per inclusion and exclusion criteria. The majority of patients (42.73%) were in the 26- to 30-year-old age group. In this study, the majority of cases were carried to term (80.9%). The most prevalent mode of delivery was caesarean section (61.82%). Major complications during pregnancy were threatened preterm labor (21.82%), and blood transfusion (20.00%), whereas postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) occurred in 9.09% cases, and 47 patients (42.72%) were asymptomatic throughout pregnancy.Major neonatal outcomes in our study wereneonatal intensive care unit (NICU) hospitalization (20%), required neonatal resuscitation (14.55%), and neonatal mortality occurring in 1.82% cases.Gestational age at termination of pregnancy, when compared with different characteristics of fibroid, like type (p value 0.663), location (p value 0.552) and number of fibroid (p value 0.112), did not show any significant association. Similarly, maternal complications also did not show significant association (p value >0.05) with different characters of fibroid. Conclusion: Pregnancies with fibroid are high-risk pregnancies that are linked to difficulties throughout the antepartum, intrapartum, and postpartum periods, as well as increased chances of cesarean delivery and PPH.

Knowledge, attitude, and practice about air-borne infection control guidelines: A cross-sectional study among residents doctors of tertiary care hospital in central India

Background: Adherence to National Airborne Infection Control Guidelines (NAIC) by health-care facilities is an effective way of reducing the spread of air-borne infections such as H1N1, drug-resistant tuberculosis, and COVID-19 disease. Aims and Objectives: This study aims to assess the gaps in knowledge, attitude, implementation, and satisfaction regarding resources availability of NAIC among postgraduate resident doctors. Materials and Methods: Across-sectional study was conducted from December 2019 to February 2021 at a medical college in central India. Total 301 interns, postgraduates, and senior residents in surgery and medicine allied clinical departments were included by convenient sampling method. A pre-designed, self-administered questionnaire was used to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) and their satisfaction with available resources regarding NAIC. The data collected were tabulated and were analyzed using descriptive test and comparison of means by Analysis of variance test. Results: Almost 95%, 77%, and 74% of study participants were having adequate KAP on NAIC, respectively. Sixty-one percent participants were satisfied with the resources availability in their work area. Statistically significant association was observed between participants age, designation with their KAP score (P&lt;0.05) and between gender and essential resources provided in the hospital. There was an existence of difference between study participants mean KAP score and essential resources score with statistically significance (P&lt;0.05). Conclusion: The overall KAP was adequate, but there was a gap that exists between knowledge, practice, and satisfaction for availability of essential resources. The study findings were useful for healthcare workers in designing interventions to improve the adherence toward the NAIC guidelines and also to benchmark evaluation of interventions.

E-Learning: A Boon in Pandemic

The onset of COVID-19 brought with itself many revolutionary changes in the whole world circuit, be it entertainment, research, education, or medical practice. The quarantine mode made unique challenges for the medical education, and thanks to the ever-inquisitive minds of the technical people, various e-learning tools were developed for the students and the teachers to help bridge the gap between them through technology. This study was done in a tertiary medical college in central India where the students were asked to rate the e-learning provided by the teachers in the medical college. Methodology: About 100 medical students from a tertiary medical teaching college in Central India were randomly selected from first to final year, and an online questionnaire was provided to them to answer the questions. The answers were organized, tabulated, and inferences were drawn. The study took place from January 2021 to April 2021. It was a descriptive study. Appropriate tests were applied accordingly. Observations: Out of a total of 100 medical students studied, 30 belonged to 1st year, 25 belonged to 2nd year, 25 belonged to 3rd year, and 20 students belonged to final year MBBS. 65% were female students and 35% were male students.

Teacher-led versus student-led seminar blended with portfolio for "assessment of learning": An interventional study.

Increase in competitive demands has led to the promotion of seminar presentation by the students to increase active learning and for the assessment of learning. Portfolios are an important tool for assessment for learning. The objectives of the study were to compare the gain in knowledge among the conventional and the blended seminar groups (intervention group), analyze the working portfolios to assess for learning, and to gather the perception of students. This was an interventional study (2016) with convenience sampling that included 27 students each in the conventional and interventional groups. It was conducted in a medical college in central India. The conventional group was teacher led and the blended seminar group was student led with interaction with the students regarding the contents of the portfolio. Student's unpaired and paired t tests were used for statistical analysis. P < 0.05 was considered as the level of significance. Class average normalized gain (g) was used as a measure of effectiveness of the intervention. Quantitative questions were analyzed using percentages and qualitative data using categorization. Significant difference was found between the conventional and intervention groups (P < 0.05) with gain "g" being 0.52 for the intervention group. On evaluation of the feedback, students commented regarding its interactive nature and progress during the learning process. The reflections were coded as text as the unit of coding and student as the unit of coding. It was also found that the students who were critical reflectors were the ones who scored > 50% in the posttest scores. The present study showed that seminar when blended with portfolio yielded positive results in the process of learning, and hence was effective in assessment for learning.

Institution of an antibiotic stewardship programme for rationalising antibiotic usage: a quality improvement project in the NICU of a public teaching hospital in rural central India

Antibiotic misuse is the most common cause of antimicrobial resistance—a globally declared emergency. This necessitates the introduction of rational antibiotic usage management policy. The paediatrics department of a public teaching...

Utility of mini-CEX in assessing postgraduates competency in orthopedics

Background: Medical education aims at providing quality health care to community, which evidently needs professionally competent physicians. Mini-CEX tool can be employed to assess the core competencies of trainees during their routine clinical practice. This assessment tool offers a reliable measure of trainee's performance through being observed a number of brief encounters over a period, with a number of different assessors and in different clinical settings. So the study was carried out to test utility of Mini-CEX to test competence in postgraduate s in Orthopedics at a rural medical college in central India. Method and Material: Eighteen Orthopedics postgraduates underwent this assessment at an interval of 1 month to a total of 5 encounters. All were examined for seven skills. The timing of these assessments was mostly opportunistic, but the interval was maintained. Various said clinical test / skill was performed on real patient and rated them on the prevalidated checklist and provided feedback. Every skill was observed five times in similar case scenario. Nine point Likert scale was used for assessment. Results: Among the trainees the level of satisfaction was less varied than the supervisors and majority have shown interest with high level of satisfaction with the mean for Mini-CEX ranging from 7.94 to 8.27. And Pair wise analysis between 1st and 5th intervention, 3rd and 4th intervention and 3rd and 5th intervention was found to be significant. Conclusion: Mini-CEX is a method of assessing the clinical skills, which is task focused and quick to perform in a broader set of routine clinical practice administered as multiple encounters with variable patient problems and different examiners. Mini-CEX is a workplace-based assessment of performance, which has been reported to be reasonably reliable and valid to confer structured clinical skills learning in medical education.

Abdominal Wall Hernias: An Epidemiological Profile and Surgical Experience from a Rural Medical College in Central India.

Background Abdominal wall hernia is a common surgical entity worldwide with groin hernias having the most common presentation among them. They are a cause of morbidity and mortality if not addressed in time. A variety of surgical methods are available for the repair of hernias. The tension-free repair using synthetic mesh has the least recurrence and is the most accepted. Aim To describe the surgical burden and clinical profile of abdominal wall hernias as well as experiences in their management in a rural setup. Methods This was a retrospective observational study of all the cases of abdominal wall hernias presenting to various surgical divisions of Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram, during a two-year period from December 2011 to November 2013. Relevant details were collected from the hospital information statistics and patient file records and analysis of obtained data was done. Result A total of 910 out of 90,056 surgical outpatients (10.10%) seen during this period had abdominal wall hernias; 816 (89.67%) got operated. A total of 163 (20%) of 816 were operated in an emergency. Groin hernias were the most common 653 (80%), followed by incisional 82 (10%), umbilical and paraumbilical 41 (5%), epigastric 33 (4%), and rarer hernias in 8 (1%). Of 816 operations, 24 (2.9%) had recurrent hernias and 83 (10.17%) were pediatric patients. Male to female ratio was 9:1 in adults and 4:1 in children. The median age among adults was 49 years (range: 14–95 years), and among the pediatric age group, it was 7 years (range: 3 months–14 years). The majority of the adult patients were from a low-income group and presented more than 2 years after symptoms appeared. Comorbid conditions encountered were hypertension in 212 (26%), diabetes in 155 (19%), chronic airway disorders in 449 (55%), cardiac problems in 163 (20%), obesity in 10 (1.2%), and chronic renal failure and liver disorder in 82 (1%). Predisposing factors in the majority of the patients were chronic cough 449 (55%), prostatic problems in 187 (23%), chronic constipation in 163 (20%), previous surgeries in 82 (10%), obesity in 10 (1.2%), and ascites in 9 (0.1%). Hernia surgery was performed laparoscopically in 51 (6.25%) patients. Simultaneous other surgeries were performed in 130 (16%) patients. Mortality occurred in 2 (0.24%) patients operated in emergency, and chief morbidity was due to wound infection in 25 (3%) and chronic pain in 30 (3.9%) patients. Conclusion Abdominal wall hernias are common clinical entities. Although the pattern of presentation and management is similar, the challenges faced in a rural setup are due to ignorance, social inhibitions, and financial restraints, leading to delayed presentations which increase their morbidity and mortality. Health programs and surveys to increase awareness in rural areas as well as cutting down on expenses could help these patients.

Impact of "Lateralizing" the Sigmoid Colostomy on Port Ergonomics in Laparoscopic Anorectoplasty for High Anorectal Malformations.

The high-type anorectal malformations (ARM) are conventionally managed by an initial left iliac fossa sigmoid colostomy, followed by laparoscopic anorectoplasty (LARP). Such a stoma occupies left half of the infraumbilical region and hinders the LARP ergonomics, leading to the surgeon's discomfort. We studied the outcome and impact of "lateralizing" (shifting laterally in the abdominal wall) the colostomy on port ergonomics. This prospective study was conducted in the pediatric surgery unit of a medical college in central India between March 2014 and June 2017 in two parts. In the first part of the study, neonates with high ARM were block randomized in two groups: conventional colostomy (CC) in left iliac fossa and lateral colostomy (LC, laterally placed abdominal colostomy). Outcomes of colostomy were compared among these two groups. In the second part of the study, 40 consecutive infants from both types of colostomy groups underwent ergonomic comparison and assessment of the surgeon's discomfort during LARP (CC-LARP and LC-LARP). Standard statistical tests were used for comparison. In the first part of the study, 203 ARM cases were included in this study; 100 underwent CC and 103 underwent LC. Colostomy prolapse, excoriation, reversed stoma, and short distal limb were significantly higher in the CC group. In the second part of the study, the LC-LARP group showed many significant advantages over the CC-LARP group, including less peri-stomal adhesions, better vision, shorter operative time, and better ergonomics (better manipulation, elevation, and azimuth angles). The LC-LARP also significantly reduced the surgeon's discomfort. Lateralization of high-sigmoid colostomy should be preferred over left iliac fossa sigmoid colostomy for ARM, as it improves the port ergonomics and reduces the surgeon's discomfort for second stage LARP.

Infant and maternal risk factors of severe acute malnutrition under 6 months of age

Aims: This study aims to analyze and focus on the factors associated with the risk of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) under 6 months infants. Materials and Methods: This hospital-based prospective study was conducted in the Department of Pediatrics of a Medical College in Central India from March 2019 to March 2020. Infant under 6 months of age admitted for SAM and related complications were observed during their stay in the hospital. After obtaining informed consent and detailed history including contributing factors, complete physical examination, anthropometry, comorbidities, and outcome were also recorded. SAM was classified according to the WHO criteria. Results: A total of 126 infants, 1–6 months of age, were enrolled in the study with a male-to-female ratio of 2.3:1. Birth weight (p=0.037), prematurity (p=0.0021), birth spacing (p=0.001), infant feeding characteristics as giving prelacteal feed (p=0.001), initiation of breastfeed after 1 h (p=0.003), exclusive breastfeeding (p=0.037), deprivation of colostrum (p=0.002), maternal characteristics age at first conception (p&lt;0.014), maternal BMI &lt;18.5 (p=0.0004), maternal literacy status (p=0.007), infant characteristics like sepsis (p=0.003), incomplete immunization (p=0.006), bilateral pedal edema (p=0.017), visible severe wasting (p=0.0001), and delayed milestone (p=0.0001) were found to affect the recovery of an infant. Conclusion: The present study identifies the maternal and sociodemographic factors associated with SAM in infants under 6 months of age. The risk factors insights identified in this study should provide a good basis to explore the modification of the existing approach as a starting point to strengthen the community-based management of uncomplicated SAM in infants under 6 months

The Study of Profile of Autopsy Cases of Hanging with Respect to Educational Status, Family Status and Place of Hanging of Victims in a Rural Region of Central India

The increase crime rates with stress in the day to day life is responsible for vide range of medico legalautopsies in the society. The violent asphyxial deaths are responsible for the large number of medicolegalautopsies out of which hanging is a very common in society. Hanging is the cheapest and painless formof self-destruction. It has been employed as the method of suicide since time immortal. The study underconsideration is a cross sectional study which was carried on the dead bodies of either sex. The deceasedwere brought for medico legal autopsy with the history probably revealing the cause of death due to hangingin the autopsy room at a medical college in Central India from 1st August 2011 to 31st July 2017. Thenumber of hanging cases during the study period were 101,the majority of victims 66 (65.34%) belong to thenuclear family while the 31 (30.69%) cases belong to the joint family. The family status of 4 (3.96%) casescannot be ascertained as the bodies were unidentified. The majority of victims 70 (69.30%) cases, preferredindoor place for hanging while about 31 (30.69%) cases preferred outdoor place for hanging. Consideringtheir educational status about 24.75% cases had educated upto primary school, 10.89% had upto secondaryschool, 24.75% upto higher secondary, 22.77% upto graduate or more and 11.88% were uneducated. Also in4.95% cases, the educational status was unknown.

English

BACKGROUND Due to changing priorities of medical students in the present day scenario, an insight of their Emotional Intelligence (EI) can serve as a predictor of their compassionate and understanding domain. The relation of EI with academic performance will give an idea on how the emotional or indirectly psychological component plays a role in the manner the medical students perform. Importance of Emotional Intelligence (EI) is increasingly recognised. It is more relevant in medical professionals who have an inbuilt touch of emotions to the profession. The study was conducted to evaluate EI of 7th semester MBBS students and also to determine the relation if any of EI with their academic performances. METHODS This descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in a Government Medical College in Central India. The study was carried out among 159 medical students. Data collection was done with the aid of a structured, pretested questionnaire which had questions based on the Quick Emotional Intelligence self-administered questionnaire. Academic scores of previous MBBS years were considered. The relation between emotional intelligence and academic scores was studied. Data was entered in Microsoft excel. Statistical analysis was done with help of Open Epi Info. RESULTS Mean ± Standard Deviation of Emotional awareness, Emotional Management, Social Emotional Awareness, and Relationship Management scores were 23.94 ± 4.86, 24.56 ± 6.49, 27.75 ± 5.77 and 25.91 ± 6.46 respectively. Mean total Emotional Intelligence score including all domains was 102.16 ± 18.38. A weak positive correlation was established between EI and academic scores. CONCLUSIONS EI of medical students was directly associated with their academic scores. KEY WORDS Emotional Intelligence, Medical, Academic Scores, Students