Medical Illustration Research Articles

HF01-01 THE 50-YEAR EVOLUTION OF THE WILLIAM P. DIDUSCH CENTER FOR UROLOGIC HISTORY

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 Apr 2023HF01-01 THE 50-YEAR EVOLUTION OF THE WILLIAM P. DIDUSCH CENTER FOR UROLOGIC HISTORY Sutchin R. Patel and Ronald Rabinowitz Sutchin R. PatelSutchin R. Patel More articles by this author and Ronald RabinowitzRonald Rabinowitz More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000003243.01AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: The William P. Didusch Museum is a resource and repository of artifacts, texts and knowledge that encompasses the history of urology. METHODS: We reviewed the literature and personal accounts surrounding the founding of the museum. We had discussions with previous historians, curators and staff of the museum in regards to the changes to the museum over time. RESULTS: William P. Didusch was a world-renowned medical artist who studied under Max Brödel and was the staff artist for the Brady Urological Institute when it was first established under Hugh H. Young. The William P. Didusch Museum was founded in 1971 and comprised of the collection of Didusch’s drawings and Dr. Young’s instruments, which were housed at the AUA headquarters. When the museum was opened in 1972, Didusch served as its first curator. At the time of Didusch’s death, the AUA had purchased a new building and began extensive restructuring and renovation. Dr. Herbert Brendler and then Dr. William W. Scott served as the next curators focusing on cataloguing all of the items housed in the museum prior to it being reopened in 1989. Dr. Rainer Engel took over as curator of the museum in 1993 and supervised extensive renovations to the exhibit area with new display cabinets and updated story lighting and story boards. In 2003 the museum was moved to the new AUA Headquarters in Linthicum, MD. The new headquarters was designed to incorporate urologic history into the building, from cabinets to house educational exhibits, stairwells containing urologic history panels and meeting rooms with urologic history items. Under Dr. Engel, the central exhibit on the history of the cystoscope was finalized and the annual history exhibits flourished. With industry sponsorship and growth of the exhibit hall, the exhibits took on a life of their own! Dr. Michael Moran, the last of the full-time curators, brought his interest of historical texts and extensive publications to the museum. The museum is now governed by a history committee and has an annual exhibit curator. The museum continues to evolve and includes a dynamic website with a virtual museum tour and links to the past history exhibits. A quarterly newsletter, "The Scope of Urology," is in its 2nd year helping to further disseminate interesting history articles. CONCLUSIONS: The William P. Didusch Center for Urologic History has a rich heritage. It continues to evolve in pursuit of its mission to preserve, document and present the history of urology and to educate and engage the medical community and public in order to better understand its impact on today’s healthcare environment and provide insight into the future. Source of Funding: None © 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 209Issue Supplement 4April 2023Page: e256 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Sutchin R. Patel More articles by this author Ronald Rabinowitz More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Evaluation of updated National Burn Service escharotomy guidelines—where do we cut now?

**Objective**: An escharotomy is a time-critical/emergency limb or life-saving procedure. It may need to be performed by health professionals with little or no previous experience. Both situations occurred during the 2019 White Island (Whakaari) volcanic eruption. While online resources are included as part of the New Zealand National Burn Service website, on review the illustrations were found to lack clarity. The goal of this research was to create updated national escharotomy resources and to test their effectiveness.**Methods**: A literature review alongside expert opinion and a medical illustrator were used to produce up-to-date escharotomy illustrations. A cohort of plastic surgery registrars at Middlemore Hospital, New Zealand, undertook survey-based evaluations. We determined new guideline effectiveness on participant performance following data analysis.**Results**: Of 18 plastic surgery registrars surveyed, 45 per cent were trainees. Our new guidelines produced an improved accuracy of escharotomy placement of 100 per cent, 85 per cent and 90 per cent on torso, upper and lower limbs respectively. On average the greatest improvement was in the non-SET registrars (54% vs 32%). Using new guidelines, 100 per cent of participants felt they could safely perform an escharotomy.**Conclusion**: Our updated National Burn Service escharotomy resources have been evaluated and determined to be easy to use. By incorporating detailed illustrations, we have provided useful and effective escharotomy incision placement guidelines. Difficult areas of the body will require attention in future revisions of this resource. These updated illustrations are a vital step in allowing an escharotomy to be safely performed by those who need to perform an escharotomy but are unfamiliar with the procedure.

Writing Doctors and Writing Health in the Long Eighteenth Century

This introduction to the special issue ‘Writing Doctors and Writing Health in the Long Eighteenth Century’ explores the various types of literary and visual creativity enacted by medical practitioners as they sought new ways of communicating and engaging with the public. Focusing on the shift from Latin to vernacular publishing in elite medical circles, we examine the proliferation of new opportunities open to physicians, surgeons, apothecaries, medical artists, midwives, and other women practitioners to express themselves. Novels, drama, poetry, artworks, almanacs, and letters, to name but a few creative products of the period, allowed new ideas and underrepresented voices to be heard for the first time, changing forever the way creative and empirical cultures would intertwine. Stemming from the Leverhulme Trust Research Project Writing Doctors: Medical Representation and Personality, ca. 1660–1832 (2018–22), this research has undoubtedly been impacted by the rapidly changing nature of public healthcare in the wake of the novel coronavirus pandemic that was still ongoing when this issue went to print. We value and celebrate connections made between the past and present that continue to assist us in understanding and caring for our bodies.

Kathy Stern: Graphic Arts Director for the New England Journal of Medicine

Kathy Stern, the Graphic Arts Director at the New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM), is familiar with the adage “A picture is worth a thousand words.” Over her 29-year career with the NEJM, Kathy has drawn and overseen countless images telling myriad stories and has thus contributed millions of “words” to the information shared with NEJM readers. Images range from in-house illustrations drawn by medical illustrators, to line art graphs, photographs submitted by physician-authors, still images captured from videos created in-house, interactive online elements, and more. In this interview, Kathy discusses how she started in the production department back in the days of paste-up layout and now oversees a department of more than 20 employees working with state-of-the-art digital tools. Science Editor: How did you get started with your career at the New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM)? Kathy Stern: I started out working in a production facility that wasn’t even part of the editorial office. We communicated with a production coordinator in Boston (where the NEJM editorial offices are located) who worked directly with the editors. NEJM was one of several products that the production facility of the Massachusetts Medical Society served, but it was, by far, the biggest product. It was a massive amount of detail work. Everything was done with manual layout with precision cutting knives, acetate, and wax. We would create 14 different proofs that went out to 14 different people. Our main focus was the level of detail; everything had to be exactly right. If […]

Proposal of a Novel Anatomic Guide to the Sphenoid Sinus

Landmarks for transsphenoidal surgery have been described to facilitate resection for pituitary lesions. However, carrying out sphenoidotomy for access to the sellar floor could still be challenging, especially for young surgeons during the steep learning curve. We describe the LUTH (Lagos University Teaching Hospital) line as a simple anatomic guide to avoid missing the trajectory to the sella during anterior sphenoidotomy in microscopic transsphenoidal pituitary surgery. We identified this line as an impression on the floor of the sphenoid sinus across the point at which the floor of the anterior cranial fossa and the bony projection from the clivus meet. We carried out a literature review of articles describing landmarks for anterior sphenoidotomy using data obtained from PubMed and Ovid MEDLINE databases according to PRISMA guidelines. A total of 80 patients were operated using the LUTH line as a guide for anterior sphenoidotomy during microscopic transsphenoidal pituitary. We did not find any previous description of this anatomic landmark over the anterior sphenoid sinus in the literature. The LUTH line was clearly identified in all 80 cases. The line was used as a bony landmark to the sphenoid sinus in all cases and was found to be consistently accurate. The LUTH line is a consistent and easy-to-identify landmark that could be useful in preventing potential complications of access to the pituitary sella through the sphenoid sinus. We believe it to be useful in the absence of intraoperative guidance, especially for young surgeons who are just starting off their career in pituitary surgery.

Konceptualna ilustracja naukowa Fritza Kahna

The paper outlines the origin, development, applications, and impact of conceptual scientific illustration, developed in the early 20th century by Fritz Kahn, a German gynecologist, publisher and popularizer of science. These illustrations explains how things work via concepts, metaphors and illusion. This is in contrast to the descriptive anatomical and natural illustrations of 19th-century paintings which show what things look like. The article presents the systematics of the main types of illustrations by F. Kahn and reflects on reception thereof.

Medical illustration – Fusion of art, technology, and medical education

Medical illustration – Fusion of art, technology, and medical education

Acquired haemophilia in an Edo period Japanese surgical casebook

In the Kishitsu geryō zukan (竒疾外療図卷; Illustrated Book on External Treatments for Unusual Diseases), set amongst several hand-coloured medical illustrations, two pages annotated with the words “血瘤“ are seen. The first shows an older Japanese man with his hakama pants neatly rolled up, exposing a prominent plum-coloured haematoma over the medial aspect of his right thigh (image 1). A second page features a left lower limb of an adult patient with a large, below knee swelling, where a copious amount of fresh blood is seen trickling down from a puncture site (image 2).

Publisher's Comment - JBC Volume 46, Number 2, 2022.

Welcome to the Journal of Biocommunication, the professional journal of the Association of Medical Illustrators and the BioCommunications Association. This JBC, issue 46-2, represents our second issue of the 2022 publishing year. I would like to thank our Management Board, our editors, our advisors, and our authors for their contributions to our success. Our first JBC Showcase features the amazing work of AMI member and UIC faculty member, John Daugherty. John was the recipient of the AMI's Lifetime Achievement Award at AMI's 2022 annual meeting in Des Moines, Iowa. In this Showcase, John shares a number of his award-winning images with us. Our second JBC Showcase features the award-winning natural science photography of Charles "Chip" Hedgcock, a medical/scientific photographer from Arizona. Chip has combined his love of the outdoors with more than 30 years of natural science photography. Chip was honored as the 2016 BioCommunications Association's Louis Schmidt Laureate. Our JBC Gallery features the Professional Category award winners from the Association of Medical Illustrators' 2022 annual meeting Salon. We think that you'll enjoy seeing these award-winning images and media. We appreciate the ongoing support from our JBC community around the world. In particular, we acknowledge the support of the Association of Medical Illustrators and the BioCommunications Association. It's a privilege to be the professional academic journal of these two organizations.

A Scientific Revolution: Ten Men and Women Who Reinvented American Medicine

A Scientific Revolution: Ten Men and Women Who Reinvented American Medicine

The oral tongue and floor of mouth in three dimensions (3D): A digital anatomical model derived from radiology, peer-reviewed literature, and medical illustration

Combining published literature, radiographic imaging, and medical illustration, this study aimed to develop an anatomically accurate 3-dimensional (3D) digital model of the human tongue, and to make this model publicly available for education and training purposes. The intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue were manually segmented from a head and neck CT angiogram of a healthy 29-year-old female. Data derived from published anatomical studies were compiled to provide additional anatomical detail to each tongue muscle. These anatomical details were then incorporated into a model by a 3D medical illustrator. A total of nine muscles were segmented for this study, along with the mandible and the hyoid bone. 3D meshes of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue, intrinsic muscles of the tongue, and the mylohyoid were created from CT angiography segmentation data. These meshes were refined in digital 3D space based off data from peer-reviewed anatomical studies. The final model was then uploaded to a publicly available 3D model repository. The tongue is a complex 3D organ with important roles in swallowing, speaking, and airway protection. By combining radiographic data with published anatomical descriptions, and through the collaboration between neuroradiology, head and neck surgery, and medical illustration, we developed an anatomically accurate, detailed 3D model of the oral tongue, which may serve as a powerful anatomy teaching aid.

Detailed 3-dimensional surgical anatomy of the soft palate: a confluence of anatomy, radiology, and medical illustration

The objective of this study was to develop an anatomically accurate three-dimensional (3D) digital model of the soft palate, derived from patient imaging data and peer-reviewed gross and microscopic anatomical studies, and to provide this model publically for educational purposes. A head and neck CT angiography study of a healthy 29-year-old female was segmented by a neuroradiologist and a head and neck cancer surgeon into 3D objects. Peer-reviewed anatomical literature was queried to provide additional anatomical details. These details were then incorporated into the model with the assistance of a 3D medical illustrator. Tissue segmentation derived from CTA provided baseline anatomical structures to model the 5 paired muscles of the soft palate, the paired eustachian tubes, and relevant bony architecture. Twelve peer-reviewed anatomical studies contained sufficient anatomical descriptions to guide refinement of these structures in digital 3D space. The final modeled objects were finalized by a medical illustrator and then uploaded to a publicly available 3D model repository. The soft palate is a dynamic 3D structure that plays an important role in essential functions such as breathing, swallowing, and speaking. By combining tissue segmentation from a normal neck CTA with published anatomical literature, and utilizing multidisciplinary expertise, we developed an anatomically accurate, detailed 3D model of the soft palate, which can serve as a powerful teaching aid for this complex region.

Using open access publications to support your professional development

As members of the Institute of Medical Illustrators (IMI), we have access to the Journal of Visual Communication in Medicine when we log into the website but many other resources that might be useful for our learning and continuing professional development (CPD) are not as readily available and may be behind pay walls. We cannot become a member of every organisation and health regions may allow access to some but not all journals. Open access means that some books, articles and journals can be accessed by anyone, rather than having to have a subscription to access them. The aim of this article is to look at some of the benefits of open access for the CPD of medical illustrators including where open access resources can be found to support personal and professional development.

MAX BRÖDEL ÖNCÜLÜĞÜNDE SANATTAN TASARIMA MELEZ BİR GÖRSELLEŞTİRME OLGUSU OLARAK MEDİKAL İLLÜSTRASYON

Sanat ve tasarımın günümüzde artan geçirgenliğiyle birlikte hibrit bir görselleştirme alanına dönüşmesi disiplinlerarası yaklaşımların daha fazla gündeme gelmesini sağlamaktadır. Bu bağlamda bir görsel anlatım tekniği olarak illüstrasyonun farklı disiplinlerde ve medyalarda kullanılmasıyla birlikte birçok illüstrasyon türü ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu türlerden biri de bilimsel yöntemlerin daha kolay anlaşılabilmesi ve anatomik eğitimin basitleştirilmesi için pratik bir çözüm sağlayan medikal illüstrasyondan başkası değildir. Yüzyıllardır patolojik ve anatomik bilgilerin bireylere ve topluma aktarılmasını sağlayan medikal illüstrasyon, tıp öğrencilerinin vücudun işlevsel yapısı ile ilgili daha etkili ve verimli bir yaklaşım geliştirmelerine yardımcı olur. Özellikle fotoğrafın bulunmasıyla birlikte, medikal illüstratörler de bir ikilemde kalarak çizim, baskı ve gravür gibi resimsel tekniklerden sonra sanatsal bir yaklaşım mı sergileyecekleri ya da birebir gerçekçi bir illüstrasyon yaratacakları konusunda zorluklar yaşamışlardır. İşte tam bu noktada medikal illüstrasyonun öncüsü olarak Max Brödel, geliştirmiş olduğu çeşitli tekniklerle birlikte alanın uygulamalı, kuramsal ve sanatsal yapısını inşa etmiştir. Çağdaş yeni medya mecralarının artması ve teknolojilerin gelişmesi ile birlikte medikal illüstrasyon, artık tasarım odaklı grafik dilin olanakları dahilinde faydalı bir boyutta kazanmaya başlamıştır. Tüm bu bilgilerden hareketle araştırma makalesinde yapılan analiz ve incelemeler sonucunda, medikal illüstrasyonların gelecekte dokunulabilen veya izlenilebilen sanal verilere dönüşebileceği bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır.

Estimating the prevalence of drawing in clinical practice among kiwi doctors

Drawing has played a key role in the development and dissemination of Medicine and Surgery, such as to share anatomy, pathology, and techniques for clinical interventions. While many of the visuals used in medicine today are created by medical illustration professionals, and by imaging techniques such as photography and radiography; many doctors continue to draw routinely in their clinical practice. This is known to be valued by patients, for example when making informed decisions about care. We surveyed doctors in New Zealand online regarding their use of drawing to explore the prevalence of this practice. 472 complete responses were obtained over 3 months. There were very high rates of drawing among responding doctors practicing in both medical and surgical specialties. Reasons for drawing are explored and included professional, collegial, and patient communication, supporting informed consent, clinical documentation, and for planning procedures. Widespread use of drawing in clinical practice, almost non-existent training or support for this in digital workflows, and high interest in resources to develop clinical drawing skills, suggest unmet training needs for this practical clinical communication tool.

Representation in medical illustration: the impact of model bias in a dermatology pilot study

As greater attention is paid to representation and the ‘decolonizing’ of education and media, the field of medical illustration must stay current. Multiple previous studies have concluded that the majority of medical textbooks depict primarily ‘default’ young, white men. Many have expressed that this lack of representation resulted in feelings of alienation; others posited it is a contributing factor for the disparity of care for marginalised groups. This research took arguably the most identifiable feature, skin colour, to explore this disparity – the variation of dermatological symptom expression on melanin-dense skin for four conditions. To evaluate the impact of having a diverse range of models, a study was devised to demonstrate identification rates of melanin-dependent dermatological symptoms in a quantifiable, though non-statistically significant manner. Participants were split into two groups and asked to review four different skin conditions (Group-A receiving illustrations of homogeneous pale skin tones, and Group-B receiving illustrations depicting diverse skin tones) before identifying clinical photographs. While the group with a diverse reference pool performed marginally better overall, they performed better identifying specific conditions in which melanin levels impact the appearance of the condition. This pilot study serves as a strong base for a more developed future study.

Call for Papers: Journal of Gynecologic Surgery

Journal of Gynecologic SurgeryVol. 38, No. 4 Call for PapersFree AccessCall for Papers: Journal of Gynecologic SurgeryEditor-in-Chief: Mitchel S. HoffmanEditor-in-Chief: Mitchel S. HoffmanMoffitt Cancer Center, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA.Search for more papers by this authorPublished Online:11 Aug 2022https://doi.org/10.1089/gyn.2022.29006.cfpAboutSectionsPDF/EPUB Permissions & CitationsPermissionsDownload CitationsTrack CitationsAdd to favorites Back To Publication ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Dear Colleagues:I am pleased to share some important information for anyone considering submission of a gynecologic surgical article to our high-quality peer-reviewed journal, Journal of Gynecologic Surgery (www.liebertpub.com/gyn).Journal of Gynecologic Surgery has a unique focus on gynecologic surgery, unlike other journals broadly covering OB-GYN topics. Each issue appears in print and online, and there is no submission fee. The journal is devoted to publishing relevant surgical articles that will both enhance the surgical education of our readers and further the field of gynecologic surgery through new information.At this time, we are especially interested in submissions focused on surgical outcomes research, quality improvement related to surgical complications, innovations in gynecologic surgical practice, gynecologic surgical education, and the surgical challenges of obesity.The submission process is extremely user friendly, and the editorial staff is committed to working closely and responsively with authors. The peer-review process is prompt and efficient: our average time from submission to first decision is 27 days. We also accept and encourage supplementary videos to enhance submissions involving surgical techniques. A dedicated medical artist is available to work with authors to illustrate surgical content in an impactful way. If you have a gynecologic surgical manuscript that is still in progress, I encourage you to submit it to Journal of Gynecologic Surgery. Please take a look at the information below for more details about the journal and submission process.Sincerely,Mitchel S. Hoffman, MDEditor-in-Chief, Journal of Gynecologic SurgeryABOUT THE JOURNALJournal of Gynecologic Surgery is the only journal providing an essential peer-reviewed forum for clinical articles dealing with all aspects of operative gynecology. The journal provides the most current research on cutting-edge techniques and advances in gynecologic surgery from world-renowned experts. A special topic of interest to gynecologic surgeons is covered in a section of each issue. The journal also has a focus on residents, fellows, and new practitioners in a section titled “Trainee's Perspective.”The journal is under the editorial leadership of Editor-in-Chief Mitchel S. Hoffman, MD, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, and other leading investigators. View the entire editorial board at www.liebertpub.com/gyn.Journal of Gynecologic Surgery coverage includes: Open gynecologic surgeryVaginal surgeryLaparoscopyRobotic surgeryHysteroscopyPelvic reconstructive surgeryFemale urologySurgery related to reproductive medicineGynecologic cancer surgeryHealth care economics related to gynecologic surgeryBenefits of publishing in Journal of Gynecologic Surgery:Open access options availableIndexed in PubMed Central, Scopus, BenchSci, EMBASE/Excerpta Medica, and Web of Science Emerging Sources Citation IndexAverage time to first decision: 27 daysFast and user-friendly electronic submissionEfficient and constructive peer reviewPrompt online publicationHigh global visibility: accessible in 170 countries worldwideVisit the journal website to view more information for authors including manuscript guidelines, information on available author services, and publication costs.Visit the Instructions for Authors:www.liebertpub.com/gynSubmit your paper for peer review online:https://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/gynFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 38Issue 4Aug 2022 InformationCopyright 2022, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishersTo cite this article:Editor-in-Chief: Mitchel S. Hoffman.Call for Papers: Journal of Gynecologic Surgery.Journal of Gynecologic Surgery.Aug 2022.257-258.http://doi.org/10.1089/gyn.2022.29006.cfpPublished in Volume: 38 Issue 4: August 11, 2022Online Ahead of Print:July 29, 2022PDF download

Which Types of Facebook Posts Yield the Best Response for Radiology Education: A One-Year Analysis of What We Learned

We post several times daily on our Facebook page, CTisus, to educate radiology students and professionals globally. We aimed to determine how our data compared for different types of posts and ascertain the popularity of videos versus case images, illustrations versus case images, and whether cinematic rendering performed better than traditional computed tomography. We exported data for one year's worth of Facebook posts (November 1, 2020 to October 31, 2021) and categorized posts into 18 types. Our primary outcome was popularity of each post, measured by "reach" and "engagement" counts provided by Facebook. Among the 9057 posts exported, "just for fun" posts performed the best, followed by quiz images. Case images performed significantly better than instructional videos (p < 0.0001). However, the opposite was true for engagement, where instructional videos performed significantly better than case images (p=0.0012). For both reach and engagement, case images performed better than medical illustrations (p < 0.0001). For both reach (p < 0.0005) and engagement (p < 0.0001), traditional computed tomography performed significantly better than cinematic rendering. All video types had better engagement than case images and medical illustrations (p < 0.0001) and both had significantly better engagement than text (p < 0.0001). Our results may help other educators choose what types of content to create and post on social media to achieve the best impact on learners.

Narrative medical visualization to communicate disease data

This paper explores narrative techniques combined with medical visualizations to tell data-driven stories about diseases for a general audience. The field of medical illustration uses narrative visualization through hand-crafted techniques to promote health literacy. However, data-driven narrative visualization has rarely been applied to medical data. We derived a template for creating stories about diseases and applied it to three selected diseases to demonstrate how narrative techniques could support visual communication and facilitate understanding of medical data. One of our main considerations is how interactive 3D anatomical models can be integrated into the story and whether this leads to compelling stories in which the users feel involved. A between-subject study with 90 participants suggests that the combination of a carefully designed narrative structure, the constant involvement of a specific patient, high-qualitative visualizations combined with easy-to-use interactions, are critical for an understandable story about diseases that would be remembered by participants.

Study on the role and impact of digital art in helthcare environment and alsofocus on medical illustration

Numerous clinical experts like to make their own clinical illustrations for use in introductions and distributions with the approach of advanced media, it has become simpler to create great quality illustrations in any event, for those with restricted imaginative abilities including the creator. The development of digital art has set out open doors for both the expert as well as the undeveloped artist. Wandering into digital art creation is conceivable utilizing reasonable digital gear with expansion of a couple of extras. This article portrays the writer's experience with making clinical illustrations utilizing computerized media and examines the advantages of the new innovation. A couple of helpful hints are likewise accommodated clinical experts who might be keen on investigating the choice of making their own illustrations utilizing computerized instruments.