Medical Academy Research Articles

The baronet’s nephew Willie: materials from the collection of the library of the Military Medical Academy

The purpose of the article is to introduce into scientific circulation little-known handwritten materials from the library of the Military Medical Academy, containing additions to the facts of the biography, personal characteristics and close circle of the President of the Medical-Surgical Academy, the life physician of the three emperors, Baronet Yakov Vasilyevich Willie. The article presents the historical details of the transfer of the personal archive of the Willie and Ruhl families to the library of the Military Medical Academy by a descendant of famous doctors, a talented artist Mikhail Yakovlevich Willie. Fragments of the correspondence of Willies nephew the full namesake and also the life physician Yakov Vasilyevich Willie Jr. (or 2nd) with Scottish relatives and friends are given, in which, in particular, the features of medical education in Russia at the beginning of the 19th century are revealed. Handwritten in English in an illegible handwriting, the letters of young Willie lay in the manuscript fund for almost 100 years before, thanks to the efforts of the bibliographer Galina Mikhailovna Roslik, they were attracted to the attention of specialists who could read and translate them. The article also describes the details of the career and personal fate of the Scottish doctor Ya.V. Willie II in the Russian service, under Grand Duke Mikhail Pavlovich. The topic of the unprecedented testament of Baronet Willie on the transfer of the entire inheritance for the construction of a civil hospital in memory of Grand Duke Mikhail Pavlovich is touched upon.

Clinical application of neodymium magnetic instruments for the removal of foreign bodies in blind wounds

A feature of modern military conflicts is the high frequency of shrapnel wounds. The search for foreign bodies, even under X-ray navigation, can be technically difficult, lengthy and not always successful. Most injuring objects have ferromagnetic properties.
 AIM: The Military Medical Academy, Saint Petersburg purpose of the study: to evaluate the effectiveness of removing ferromagnetic foreign bodies from blind wounds using neodymium magnetic instruments.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: Instruments based on a neodymium magnet for removing foreign bodies and a technique for their use have been developed. An analysis was made of 45 operations where traditional instruments were used and 75 operations using original magnetic instruments. Of these, in 40 cases of blind wounds, foreign bodies were removed from the soft tissues of various areas, and in 35 cases, foreign bodies were removed during videothoracoscopy operations for blind penetrating chest wounds. The criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of the method were the duration of the operation, the duration of work with the X-ray unit and the number of detected and removed foreign bodies in a fixed period of time.
 CONCLUSION: High efficiency, simplicity, accessibility, minimally invasiveness of the developed instruments have been proven. Neodymium magnets made it possible to reduce the time of radiation exposure and the duration of the operation, to increase the efficiency of removing ferromagnetic foreign bodies. The use of original instruments makes it possible to detect 80% of foreign bodies in 10 minutes, and within 30 minutes to remove 90% of foreign bodies from the soft tissues of the wounded. With videothoracoscopy, the time of fluoroscopy was halved, and the total duration of the surgical intervention was reduced by 40%.

The effect of equipment on the functional state and performance of servicemen with different body composition

BACKGROUND: The development of an individual approach to planning the mass of equipment for each individual serviceman, taking into account the indicators of the component composition of the body and the preferences of servicemen, can in the future increase the level of effectiveness of combat operations by the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
 AIM: Determine the effect of the mass of equipment on the functional state and performance of military personnel, depending on the indicators of the component composition of the body.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted on 140 volunteers, practically healthy male cadets of the Military Medical Academy aged 21 to 25 years. After bioimpedancemetry, all subjects were divided into two groups depending on the values of their fat mass. Next, the influence of equipment on the functional state of the body of cadets was determined using a step test.
 RESULTS: The presence of a predominantly moderate positive correlation between the absolute, relative values of fat mass, BMI values and indicators of total power during the tests performed under the conditions of the work performed at loads of 0.5 (R-criterion values were 0.5740.693) and 1 W/kg (R-criterion values were 0.6240.681) without equipment. A similar correlation was found between the absolute, relative values of fat mass and indicators of total power during the test with a load of 1 W/kg (R-criterion values were 0.5340.547) in equipment.
 CONCLUSION: The obtained results suggest that the increase in weight load caused by equipment in individuals with a fat mass of more than 11 kg, both at rest and under conditions of moderate physical activity with a power of 1 W/kg, to a greater extent causes stress on functional systems, expressed in changes in most cardiorespiratory and metabolic parameters, compared with individuals with a lower fat mass.

The organization of medical equipment provision to the armed forces of the russian federation in the first decade of the 21st century

ABSTRACT. This article presents the activities of the medical service in organizing the provision of medical equipment to the troops (forces) of the Russian Federation in the first decade of the 21st century. It reflects the main stages of development of the pharmaceutical industry in the post-default state of the economy and the emergence of new mechanisms and forms of interaction with transnational pharmaceutical companies. The article showcases the positive features and shortcomings of implementing programs for additional drug provision and ensuring the population has access to necessary drugs. Additionally, it discusses the reorganization of the medical service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation as part of a large-scale reform of the military organization. The organizational and staffing changes in the military administration of the medical service, pharmaceutical organizations of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, and medical supply units are represented, highlighting their reorganization and restructuring by the end of the 2000s during the ongoing modernization of the Russian Federation Armed Forces. The article also describes the three-level system of medical supply of troops (forces) that developed after modernization. The leading role of the Department of Military Medical Supply and Pharmacy of the Kirov Military Medical Aca demy and the Center for Pharmacy and Medical Equipment in updating the regulatory legal framework for the medical supply system for troops (forces) is discussed. Their activities of these entities during the modernization of the medical supply system for troops (forces) to create key regulatory legal acts such as orders and directives of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation and official documents as part of research work are disclosed. Finally, the article provides a list of normative legal acts and service documents developed during this period, which regulate various aspects of activities related to providing military equipment to the troops (forces) and have been updated and harmonized with the legislation of the Russian Federation, is given.

Remembering Alexander Ivanovich Panyushkin: the first neurosurgeon at the Lenringad Road Hospital, successor of the neurosurgical school of the Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov

ABSTRACT. This article focuses on the life and professional achievements of Alexander Ivanovich Panyushkin (19332022), who served as the first neurosurgeon at the Oktyabrskaya Railway Road Hospital and later became its chief physician from 1974 to 1999. Panyushkin obtained his neurosurgical specialization at the Department of Neurosurgery of the Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov, studying under renowned academic neurosurgeons such as V.A. Shustin, V.A. Grebenyuk, and B.A. Samotokin. In the 1960s, Panyushkin studied under renowned academic neurosurgeons such as Associate Professor V.A. Shustin (a specialist in treating discogenic radiculitis), Professor V.A. Grebenyuk, and Professor B.A. Samotokin (head of the department) and other figures and doctors of the academy. The article highlights the establishment of the neurosurgical department of the Road Hospital, which served as the base of the Department of Neuro surgery of the Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov, as well as the close relationship between the hospital and the academy for many years. It also explores Panyushkins significant contributions to the diagnosis and surgical treatment of discogenic lumbosacral radiculomyeloishemia, as reflected in his well-known monographs. The article provides insights into Panyushkins remarkable career journey from a young surgeon to the head physician of a renowned spinal neurosurgical department in Leningrad. Under Panyushkins leadership, the hospital witnessed substantial development, including the construction and equipping of new buildings between 1976 and 1985, where the main capacities of the hospital are concentrated today. The authors draw on Panyushkins memoir to shed light on the history of the Road Hospital, its doctors from different generations, and the experiences of Soviet medicine during the 1960s to 1990s. The authors of this article constantly refer to the materials of this book, which may be useful to clinicians as well as those who are interested in the history of domestic medicine.

Experience with augmented reality technology in the surgical treatment of a patient with encapsulated metal foreign bodies of lower extremities

ABSTRACT. This paper presents the experience of using augmented reality (AR) technology in the surgical treatment of a patient with encapsulated foreign bodies in the lower extremities. The study aims to test a previously developed algorithm for implementing AR technology in surgery and assess its effectiveness in treating patients with encapsulated foreign bodies. The study was conducted by a multidisciplinary team, comprising the Department of Naval Surgery of the S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy and the Technical University named after Peter the Great. The medical and technical aspects involved an AR hardware and software package, including a personal computer and Microsoft Hololens II AR glasses. An invasive fixation system was also developed, incorporating a threaded pin used as an X-ray contrast mark with a seat for attaching special markers. The clinical part of the study involved observing and subsequently removing encapsulated foreign bodies in a patient who received inpatient treatment at the clinic of the Department of Naval Surgery in October 2022. Overall, AR technology demonstrated the potential for performing minimally invasive removal of encapsulated foreign bodies in limbs. The detailed visualization provided by AR allowed for determining optimal operative access, the volume of the upcoming operation, and the exact position, skeletotopy, and syntopia of the foreign body during the preoperative stage. Consequently, various intervention options could be digitally simulated. The use of AR technology facilitated intraoperative navigation, enhancing the safety and efficiency of the operation. Thus, AR technology has proven to be a minimally invasive, safe, and effective tool in surgical treatment. However, several unresolved issues require further research.

Dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the birth of professor Valentina Trofimovna Selezneva

The article is devoted to the 100th anniversary of the birth of Selezneva Valentina Trofimovna Doctor of Medical Sciences, professor, teacher, public health organizer, public figure, historian of medicine, Head of the Department of Social Hygiene and Organization of Public Healthcare of the Medicopreventive Faculty of Perm State Medical Academy. In 1947, she graduated with honors from the Sanitary-Hygienic Faculty of Molotov Medical Institute, in 1950 from the postgraduate courses. All her life was connected with Perm Medical Institute. Valentina Trofimovna paid a great attention to students' scientific society. Together with her colleagues, she founded the school "Young Organizer of Healthcare," where from 20 to 30 students were trained every year. Valentina Trofimovna was an active public figure four times she was elected the deputy of the city of Perm in Leninsky District Council; she was the Chairman of the permanent commission on health care and social security. Valentina Trofimovna was interested in the history of medicine in the region. Books on the history and development of Perm Medical University, "From the Medical Faculty to the Medical Academy" and "Essays on the History of Medicine in Perm Province" were published under the guidance of V.T. Selezneva. Under her supervision, nine Ph.D theses, including those on history of medicine were prepared. V.T. Selezneva was awarded the orders, medals and honorary diplomas for her truly selfless work. The article also presents an interview with colleagues, students and postgraduate students, reflecting the memories of Valentina Trofimovna Selezneva as a person and a teacher.

A colossus of Perm endocrinology: dedicated to the 90th anniversary of the birth of professor I.V. Tereshchenko

Irina Vladimirovna Tereshchenko is a Doctor of Medical Sciences, an Honoured Professor of Academician E.A. Vagner Perm State Medical University, Correspondent Member of the Russian Academy of Natural Science, founder of Perm School of Endocrinology. More than 60 years of her life, she devoted to medicine including 47 of them to Perm Medical University. Irina Vladimirovna is a remarkable person, doctor, scientist, researcher and a talented teacher, founder of Perm School of Endocrinology. Having graduated from school with a silver medal, she entered the Medical Faculty of Nizhny Novgorod Medical Institute. Since that time, medicine became her fate. After graduating from medical institute, Irina Vladimirovna worked as a therapeutist at the hospitals and polyclinics of the city of Gorky and in 1960 began to work in the Unit of Endocrinology of Gorky Regional Hospital. In 1968 Irina Vladimirovna defended her candidate thesis, and in 1987 doctoral thesis. Both theses concerned the issue of pubertal dispituitarism. The etiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture, treatment and prevention of this disease were studied in details and the developed method of bitemporal inductothermy is very effictive. In 1970, Irina Vladimirovna came to Perm and began to work as an Assistant and since 1974 an Associate Professor at the Department of Hospital Therapy of Perm Medical Institute. From 1976 to 1988, she worked at the Department of Hospital Therapy № 2 and then she headed the Department of Therapy of Medicoprophylactic Faculty. Afterwards, Irina Vladimirovna worked at the Department of Endocrinology and Clinical Pharmacology of Perm Medical Academy. Irina Vladimirovna is the author of 4 monographs and more than 550 papers. Professor Tereshchenko is a Correspondent Member of the Russian Academy of Natural Science. All her scientific works greatly contribute to theoretical and practical endocrinology.

Nikolai Vladimirovich Pleshkov — an undeservedly forgotten Crimean doctor (on the 200th anniversary of his birth)

2023 will mark the 200th anniversary of birth of Nikolai Vladimirovich Pleshkov, who made a significant contribution to the development of the medical traditions of Taurida gubernia. There are no report devoted to his life in modern scientific literature. This article is based on the work with archival collections and pre-revolutionary literary sources. A former orphan, Pleshkov was able to receive a decent education due to his outstanding education, learned several foreign languages, and was well versed in local history, science, culture, literature, philosophy and religion; he was the author of many reports on religious and philosophical topics. In addition, he was actively involved in public life of Simferopol. He was one of the co-founders and for many years — chairman of Simferopol Doctors’ Society. During the Crimea war, the doctor worked under 
 N.I. Pirogov. Among other things, Pleshkov is an author of the first Russian translation of Pascal’s work “Pensees”. Nowadays the former hospital building where N.V. Pleshkov worked houses the chair of Human Anatomy 
 of the Institute “Medical Academy named after S.I. Georgievsky”. The facts of his biography, reconstructed 
 in this article, allow not only to take a new look at the history of the development of health care in Taurida gubernia in the XIX century, but also to form the sense of continuity of passion among medical students.

Актуальные проблемы и вопросы эндокринной хирургии: по материалам первого пленума Ассоциации эндокринных хирургов, состоявшегося в Удмуртской Республике

Endocrine surgery is not yet in the register of medical specialties, although there is already a group of surgeons specializing in this treatment of thyroid diseases. In May of this year, Izhevsk hosted the first plenum of the Board of the Association of Endocrine Surgeons, dedicated to the 90th anniversary of the Izhevsk State Medical Academy. In his welcoming speech, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Faculty Therapy with courses in Endocrinology and Hematology, Rector of the Izhevsk State Medical Academy Alexey SHKLYAEV called the plenum a landmark event that will definitely be useful to the surgical service of the republic. Surgeons and scientists from all regions of Russia took part in the event

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF CONSTRUCTION OF MODULAR HARDWARE COMPLEXES FOR LED THERAPY

The industrial production of powerful light-emitting diodes has led to the appearance of devices for therapeutic purposes, where such diodes are used as sources of electromagnetic radiation in the optical range. The development and production of such devices was established in the city of Kharkiv with the participation of scientists and specialists of Kharkiv National University named after V.M. Karazin and National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute". Methods of using devices and hardware complexes in medical practice were created at the Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education. The article analyzes the main principles of building modular hardware complexes for LED therapy, defines structures and options for connecting modules. As a result of the work performed, it was established that the modular implementation of hardware complexes for LED therapy has five main options, which differ in the number and types of emitters connected to the control unit, in the connection scheme of photon emitters, and in their functionality. It was also noted that the modular principle of building hardware complexes for LED therapy makes it quite easy to carry out their modernization and form the necessary configuration of the irradiating system, that is, to significantly expand the functional capabilities of the complex for carrying out phototherapy treatment procedures with the greatest efficiency. The expediency of using microprocessor technology for the implementation of the information part of the control unit of the complex is shown. This makes it possible to ensure the operation of photon emitters in continuous, pulsed and scanning modes, as well as separate operation of the emitters of the irradiation system of the complex and irradiation of the patient in biosynchronization mode.

Military Doctors are Members of the Scientific Council of the Russian Academy of Sciences for Radiobiology

From the moment of its creation in 1962 to the present, the Scientific Council of the Russian Academy of Sciences for Radiobiology (originally the Scientific Council at the USSR Academy of Sciences on the complex problem “Radiobiology”) has paid great attention to the damaging effects of radiation and medical radiation protection. Already the first composition of the Council included scientists who received significant experience in the field of radiobiology during active military service in educational, scientific and clinical institutions of the USSR Ministry of Defense – T.K. Dzharakyan, P.G. Zherebchenko, G.A. Zedgenidze, A.S. Mozzhukhin, V.P. Paribok. The first chairman of the Bureau of the Council was the outstanding Soviet radiobiologist A.V. Lebedinsky, who previously led radiobiological research at the Kirov Military Medical Academy. Over the years, the Council included current and retired military doctors – I.G. Akoev, E.A. Zherbin, V.I. Legeza, A.N. Grebenyuk. The Deputy Chairman of the Council, President of the Radiobiological Society of the Russian Academy of Sciences is currently I.B. Ushakov, who for a long time headed scientific institutions specialized for military radiobiology – the State Research Test Institute of Aviation and Space Medicine of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and the State Research Test Institute of Mi-litary Medicine of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. Throughout the existence of the Council, military doctors took an active part in its work, formed and supervised relevant research in the field of military radiobiology and medical radiation protection.

Микробиоценоз кожи у военнослужащих с абсцедирующим фурункулом челюстно-лицевой области

INTRODUCTION: Among non-odontogenic inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial region, most common are abscessed furuncles. The causative agent of the disease is S. aureus (95%) mostly occurring as a monoculture. AIM: To study the microbial flora of facial skin in military personnel with abscessed furuncle of the maxillofacial region. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 53 patients with abscessed facial furuncles (the main group) aged from 18 to 25 years, material was taken for bacteriological examination from healthy areas of the skin and from the furuncle with a sterile cotton swab. As a comparison group, a group of 30 practically healthy individuals of the same age was recruited, who also underwent a microbiological examination of facial skin areas. Examinations were performed in the bacteriological laboratory of Kirov Military Medical Academy. RESULTS: Among the representatives of the microflora of healthy skin areas in patients with abscessed furuncles of the face, S. epidermidis was detected in 58% of cases, S. saprophyticus in 33%, S. haemoliticus in 10%. In 30% of admitted patients, Propionibacterium acnes were found. In 4% of cases, S. aureus was detected by us. Fungi of the genus Candida were found in 5% of patients. The microbial composition of the wound discharge in facial furunculosis in 87% of cases was represented by pathogenic S. aureus as a monoculture, in 4% in association with S. saprophyiticus, in 3% with Pseudomonas aeruginoza, in 1% in association with Klebsiella oxytoca, in 5% by S. epidermidis as a monoculture. The species composition of the microflora of the facial skin of healthy people was represented by non-pathogenic staphylococci S. epidermidis (88.1%), S. saprophyticus (40%). In 25.3% of cases, streptococci were also detected. In 10% of cases, yeast-like fungi of Malassezia genus and in 12% of Candida genus were found. In 4% of cases, the pathogenic form of S. aureus was identified. CONCLUSION: The revealed differences in the composition of microorganisms of healthy skin areas between healthy individuals and patients with abscessed facial furuncles permitted to suggest the presence of dysbacteriosis of skin of the maxillofacial region in patients with abscessed furuncles, which led to the development of the disease.

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND CLINICAL-FUNCTIONAL ASPECTS OF THE COMBINED COURSE OF AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION AND PRIMARY GLAUCOMA

Relevance. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and glaucoma are currently the main causes of irreversible vision loss in developed countries. Purpose. To study the epidemiological and clinical-functional aspects of the combined course of age-related macular degeneration and primary glaucoma and to assess the quality of life of these patients. Material and Methods. The analysis of 5,000 outpatient records of patients over 35 years of age who were observed in the consultative polyclinic of the multidisciplinary clinic of the Tashkent Medical Academy in the period 2011-2022 was carried out. All patients were divided into three groups: group 1 - glaucoma, group 2 - AMD, group 3 - glaucoma + AMD. Results. A retrospective analysis of 5,000 outpatient records of patients older than 35 years revealed the presence of glaucoma in 30.3% of cases, AMD - in 37.94%, their combination - in 20.3%. At the same time, in the structure of AMD, signs of the dry form of the disease were diagnosed in 74% of cases, geographical atrophy - in 12% and wet form - in 14%. However, it requires careful monitoring of the dynamics of visual-functional and structural changes in the retina and optic nerve, as well as timely correction of therapy. Conclusion. The combined course of diseases having a neurodegenerative nature of the lesion leads to a decrease in not only visual, but also cognitive functions, significantly affects the quality of life of patients of the older age group and their adaptation in society.

Burnout syndrome among nurses at a military medical academy in Serbia.

Healthcare workers are the professional group at higher risk of burnout than others. It is the underlying reason for medical errors and the general decrease in quality of patient care and is related to poor patient-healthcare worker relationships. Healthcare workers who work with military personnel have specificities compared to healthcare workers who work only with civilians. A cross-sectional study among 171 nurses at the Military Medical Academy was conducted. The questionnaire consisted of items regarding socio-demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, lifestyle characteristics, workplace environment, workplace stress, strategies of stress management, symptoms and signs of workplace-related stress, and the Serbian version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory. The prevalence of burnout was 46.2%. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the burnout was associated with stating that they would not choose the same profession again (OR = 4.54, 95% CI: 1.53-14.50) and with not being interested in the work (OR = 4.86, 95% CI: 1.58-14.92). The prevalence of burnout is relatively high among nurses at the Medical Military Academy in Belgrade and is associated with factors in the work environment.

Military Medical Training at the Central Institute for the Advanced Medical Education in the Second Half of the 1930s

The paper describes the initial stage in the organization of military medical training at the Central Institutefor Advanced Medical Education (CIAME), now the Russian Medical Academy for Continuous Professional Educationat the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow. The problem statement in this study is the first of itskind in Russian historiography. The research relied on the documents found in the Russian State Archive of Scientificand Technical Documentation and the Archive of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education.The decision to establish a military medical department at the CIAME was made in 1936. The authors identified the main tasks and challenges the new department had to face, as well as solution methods, areas of theoretical and practical training,and curriculum. The article also describes the role of the CIAME in the Battle of Khalkhin Gol in 1939 and the WinterWar of 1939–1940. In the second half of the 1930s, the CIAME medical staff acquired experience in military medicaltraining and medical care in combat conditions, which proved invaluable during the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945.

Рецензія на монографію «досвід військових формувань у ліквідації наслідків аварії на чорнобильській атомній електростанції через призму сучасних радіаційних загроз (до 35 роковин аварії на чорнобильській атомній електростанції)»

The Monograph is the result of scientific and practical cooperation of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine, the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, the Command of the Medical Forces, the Ukrainian Military Medical Academy, the SE “L.I. Medveds Research Center of Preventive Toxicology, Food and Chemical Safety of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine”, State University “Na-tional Scientific Center of Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Sci-ences of Ukraine” in the field of radioprotection, namely - prevention and elimi-nation of radiation exposure, organization of radiation, chemical and biological protection of forces during elimination of the consequences of a radiation acci-dent. The main goal of the Monograph is the analysis of the practical aspects of the cooperation of servicemen of the Armed Forces, representatives of power minis-tries and agencies, and the health care system on the elimination of the conse-quences of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. The authors note that the experience gained was the basis for the development of scientific recom-mendations for improving radioprotection, taking into account the radiation ef-fect on human health and the environment. Special attention is paid in the Monograph to the study of the key principles of prevention and elimination of radiation exposure, the peculiarities of the or-ganization of radiation, chemical and biological protection of forces during the elimination of the consequences of a radiation accident. Undoubtedly, the Monograph is a useful source of information for doctors of various specialties, scientific specialists, students of the Ukrainian Military Medi-cal Academy, students of higher medical schools and educational institutions of postgraduate education, and military specialists in the organization of radiation, chemical and biological protection of forces.

Occupational risk factors impact on the reproductive system of female flight attendants in civil aviation (literature review)

The review article discusses the issues of studying occupational factors on the reproductive health of female flight attendants. The purpose of the study is to identify a correlation between reproductive health disorders of flight attendants and flight factors. Literature data from the Fundamental Library of the Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov, online sci-hub library «CyberLeninka», e-library and PubMed was analyzed and systematized. Such professional factors as: ionizing radiation, physical stress in flight, work in a plantigrade position, disturbance of the regime of working, resting time and eating patterns, constant change of climatic zones, desynchronosis, – were identified. An analysis of the literature has shown that a number of issues related to flight factors and women's health remain poorly understood. It is advisable to study in detail the flight factors: vibration, noise, acceleration, hypoxia, pressure drops, and their impact on the reproductive system of female specialists working in aviation.

Method for identification of <i>acinetobacter baumannii</i> bv. <i>tryptophandestruens</i> and its subbiovars A and B

The aim of the study was to increase diagnostic sensitivity for identification of A. baumannii bv. tryptophandestruens bacteria and assess prevalence of this biovar and its subbiovars among A. baumannii clinical isolates. There were examined 210 primary strains of A. baumannii isolated in 20212022 at Bacteriological Laboratory of the Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov, of which 42 strains were A. baumannii bv. tryptophandestruens. Tryptophandestruens biovar bacteria were identified by chromogenic biotransformation of sodium benzoate on a dense nutrient medium (g/l): peptone enzymatic 5.0; NaCl 5.0; FeCl3 6H2O (10% aqueous solution) 0.11 ml; bromothymol blue (1.6% aqueous solution) 3 ml; agar 15.0; NaOH (4% solution) 2.63 ml; distilled water 1 l; all components were dissolved by heating and added with sodium benzoate (CAS 532-32-1) 1.02.0; adjusted pH 7.20.2; sterilized at 121С, poured into Petri dishes. Bacteria of subbiovars A and B of biovar tryptophandestruens were identified by chromogenic biotransformation of L-tryptophan using the same nutrient medium supplemented with L-tryptophan (1.02.0 g/l) instead of sodium benzoate. Both nutrient media were used simultaneously. The A. baumannii cultures studied were seeded with a loop on the media sectors in the form of a plaque, incubated aerobically at 37С for 1824 hours, and analyzed final data as follows: the presence of a dark brown color zone of the nutrient medium around bacterial lawn on sodium benzoate- and L-tryptophan-containing medium indicated detection of subbiovar A of the tryptophandestruens biovar; in case of dark brown zone on sodium benzoate- but not L-tryptophan-containing medium around bacterial lawn identified biovar tryptophandestruens subbiovar B. The study revealed for the first time the chromogenic biotransformation of sodium benzoate (benzoic acid) and its importance as a marker for the biovar tryptophandestruens A. baumannii. Two subbiovars A and B of the tryptophandestruens biovar were found. A method was developed to identify the biovar tryptophandestruens A. baumannii and its subbiovars A and B by chromogenic biotransformation of sodium benzoate and L-tryptophan, which enhances diagnostic sensitivity by detecting the subbiovar B. The frequency of tryptophandestruens biovar distribution among primary clinical isolates of A. baumannii in 20212022 was determined: out of 210 strains of A. baumannii were 42 (20.03.5%) strains of bv. tryptophandestruens including subbiovar A 27 (12.92.3%), subbiovar B 15 (7.11.7%).

Dynamics of student`s satisfaction level from the medical university by the entity and contect of human anatomy at the faculty

The results of a student`s anonymous questionnaire of the Khanty-Mansiysk State Medical Academy relying on the satisfaction level of the teaching anatomy at the department of human anatomy, operative surgery and gross anatomy were conducted for annual selfexamination from 2014 to 2022 as part of the quality management system. It was revealed that the periods of transition to the new state educational standards, as well as the level of the adjustment of students to the requirements of the first year semester, negatively affect the satisfaction with the quality of the educational process. Lectures conducted via computer-based learning resources did not affect the quality of the educational process and the satisfaction of respondents, and was preferred option instead of attending lectures. The remote form of practical training is not acceptable for studying the anatomy at the medical university, because it keeps students away from educational base and extracurricular work, not allowing them interact with the objects of study and the teacher. Thus, the annual monitoring of satisfaction level of the educational process helps to improve the work of the faculty, the material, technical and educational equipment, modernize teaching methods and thereby increase the interest of students in mastering in the anatomy.