Mediated Silver Nanoparticles Research Articles

Optical Study of Desmodium Elegan Mediated Silver Nanoparticles Using Tauc’s Equation

Green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles is more eco-friendly, simpler, and nontoxic as compared to chemical synthesis. Due to their thermal stability and good electrical conduction silver nanoparticles have significant importance these days. In the present work, the stable silver nanoparticles were prepared from the aqueous solution of AgNO3 by green synthesis technique in which the Desmodium elegan plant extract was used as a reducing and capping agent to convert Ag+ to Ag0. A UV-visible spectrometer is used in the range of 200 nm to 800 nm with a scanning speed of 200 nm per minute, the absorption band is found at a 450 nm peak that indicates the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The particle size of the nanoparticles was in the range of 11 nm to 70 nm with an average of 45 nm and a spherical shape. Further confirmation of nano size, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was also utilized for the size distribution and shape of the synthesized nanoparticles. The synthesized nanoparticles SEM studies show irregular spherical morphology with polydispersed trend and the average particle size was found at 45 nm. The absorption band for the synthesized sample was found at 450 nm peak. The bandgap energy was 2.84 eV estimated by Tauc’s equation. This indicates that the synthesized nanoparticles electrically lie in the range of semiconductors and can be used as a biosensor. This synthesis technique is a nontoxic technique so these particles may be used for water treatment.

Green synthesis of Oscimum Sanctum mediated silver nanoparticles to fabricate sensors for hydrogen peroxide detection

In this study, silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) of an average size of ∼15 nm have been produced using the green synthesis technique with Oscimum Sanctum leaf extract. Further, these nanoparticles have been used to prepare electrodes for electrochemical sensors to monitor hydrogen peroxide. Hydrogen peroxide sensors have many applications in different sectors, such as medical, agriculture, and industry. The optical and structural characteristics of the Ag NPs have been investigated by UV–visible absorption spectroscopy and XRD patterns. Particle size, shape, and morphology of as-synthesized Ag NPs have been analyzed using transmission and scanning electron microscopic techniques. These nanoparticles were deposited onto an indium-tin-oxide glass substrate using the electrophoretic technique, which was used as an electrode to assess the electro-oxidation of Ag NPs by cyclic voltammetry. The sensitivity of the sensor has been estimated to be 4.16 µA/mM-cm2. The limit of detection of the sensor is estimated to be 40 µM within the linear range of 5–28 mM. The lattice parameter, interplanar spacing, and crystallite size of Ag NPs have been quantified and estimated against pH variation.

Pomegranate peel mediated silver nanoparticles: antimicrobial action against crop pathogens, antioxidant potential and cytotoxicity assay

Biologically produced silver nanoparticles are becoming a more appealing option than chemically produced antioxidants and antimicrobial agents, because they are safer, easier to manufacture and have medicinal properties at lower concentrations. In this work, we employed the aqueous pomegranate peel extract (PPE) to synthesize silver nanoparticles (PPE-AgNPs), as peel extract is a rich source of phytochemicals which functions as reducing agent for the synthesis of PPE-AgNPs. Additionally, the PPE was examined quantitatively for total phenolics and total flavonoids content. PPE-AgNPs were characterized using analytical techniques including UV–Vis spectroscopy, DLS, FTIR, XRD, HRTEM and FESEM, evaluated in vitro against the plant pathogenic microbes and also for antioxidant activities. Analytical techniques (HRTEM and FESEM) confirmed the spherical shape and XRD technique revealed the crystalline nature of synthesized PPE-AgNPs. Quantitative analysis revealed the presence of total phenolics (269.93 ± 1.01 mg GAE/g) and total flavonoids (119.70 ± 0.83 mg CE/g). Biosynthesized PPE-AgNPs exhibited significant antibacterial activity against Klebsiella aerogenes and Xanthomonas axonopodis, antifungal activity against Colletotrichum graminicola and Colletotrichum gloesporioides at 50 µg/mL concentration. The antioxidant potential of biosynthesized PPE-AgNPs was analysed via ABTS (IC50 4.25 µg/mL), DPPH (IC50 5.22 µg/mL), total antioxidant (86.68 g AAE/mL at 10 µg/mL) and FRAP (1.93 mM Fe(II)/mL at 10 µg/mL) assays. Cytotoxicity of PPE-AgNPs was valuated using MTT assay and cell viability of 83.32% was determined at 100 µg/mL concentration. These investigations suggest that synthesized PPE-AgNPs might prove useful for agricultural and medicinal purposes in the future.

Formulation and evaluation of Phaseolus lunatus seed coat mediated silver nanoparticles mouthwash: A comprehensive study on biomedical properties and toxicological assessment

Silver nanoparticles have promising therapeutic potential in the field of dentistry, as newly emerging oral therapeutics, in the form of mouthwashes based on silver nanoparticles, demonstrate significant potential for enhancing oral management thus the present investigation aims to formulate silver nanoparticles-based mouthwash from an aqueous extract of Phaseolus lunatus seed coat (PLSC) and evaluate its biomedical properties. The green synthesized AgNPs in the mouthwash were characterized using UV–visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and x-ray diffraction (XRD). The formulated mouthwash was assessed for its anti-microbial activity using the agar well diffusion technique and time-kill curve assay. Its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities are assessed through egg albumin assay and hydrogen peroxide assays. The Cytotoxic effect of formulated mouthwash was assessed through a brine shrimp lethality assay and MTT assay over the human osteoblast cell line (MG-63). Furthermore, the study also assessed the toxicity effect of formulated mouthwash through zebrafish embryos. The results suggest that the green synthesized AgNPs were spherical and had an average size of 42 nm and the formulated mouthwash exhibited significant anti-microbial activity, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, making them a better candidate for oral health therapeutics. The Zebrafish embryo toxicology studies of mouthwash revealed a consistent lack of abnormalities and a good viability and hatchability rate and the cytotoxic effect shows less toxicity over brine shrimp and human osteoblast cells. In conclusion, PLSC-AgNPs mouthwash is a potential oral therapeutic option with minimal toxicity for better oral management.

Royal Jelly–Mediated Silver Nanoparticles Show Promising Anticancer Effect on HeLa and A549 Cells Through Modulation of the VEGFa/PI3K/Akt/MMP‐2 Pathway

ABSTRACTIn recent years, nanotechnology has revolutionized various sectors, particularly in nanomedicine, where nanomaterials are used for diagnosis, monitoring, control, prevention, and treatment. Among these, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) stand out due to their remarkable antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties. Traditional chemical synthesis of AgNPs poses significant environmental and health risks. This study introduces a novel, eco‐friendly synthesis method using royal jelly (RJ), a nutrient‐rich secretion from honeybees, to produce AgNPs with potent anticancer effects. Our research provides a detailed investigation into RJ‐mediated AgNPs’ modulation of the VEGFa/PI3K/Akt/MMP‐2 pathway in HeLa and A549 cancer cell lines. AgNP characterization was performed by applying UV–Vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in combination with selected area electron diffraction (SAED). Cell signaling system components were determined by ELISA analysis. The cells were subjected to staining with hematoxylin and eosin to visualize the treatment’s effects. This study focuses on the green synthesis of AgNPs using RJ and its bioactivity against cancer cells. It provides a detailed characterization of the nanoparticles and examines their effects on cancer cells, specifically HeLa cervical cancer and A549 lung cancer cell lines. Green synthesized AgNPs demonstrate significant cytotoxic effects against HeLa and A549 cancer cell lines. The underlying molecular mechanisms contributing to their anticancer activity were elucidated. Our findings revealed a significant decrease in arginase activity upon exposure to AgNPs, accompanied by reductions in PI3K and phosphorylated and total Akt levels, indicative of pathway inhibition. Additionally, RJAgNP demonstrated a capacity to reduce nitric oxide levels and suppress angiogenesis‐related factors like VEGF and MMP‐2 and inflammation‐related factors like TNF‐α and COX‐2, thus impeding angiogenesis and metastasis. Moreover, our results shed light on the involvement of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs) in mediating apoptotic pathways, as evidenced by the increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and the corresponding decrease in Akt levels, ultimately promoting death in cancer cells. Our study contributes significantly to the field of nanomedicine and cancer therapy by introducing the use of green synthesis AgNPs using RJ and providing in‐depth insights into their molecular mechanisms of anticancer action. Our research findings demonstrate the anticancer potential of RJ‐AgNPs by targeting the VEGFa/PI3K/Akt/MMP‐2 pathway and modulation of ROS/RNS in cancer cells.

Bioadsorption of crude petroleum oil from seawater using the marine alga Hormophysa triquetra mediated silver nanoparticles

The biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles, both economically and environmentally advantageous, uses algae extracts. In the current work, we extracted the marine brown alga Hormophysa triquetra (C. Agardh) kützing and used it to make silver nanoparticles (HAgNPs) which are characterized via UV–visible spectrophotometers, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Zeta potential, and FTIR then used them in the bio adsorption of crude petroleum oil from seawater, comparing them with H. triquetra aqueous extract. UV scan of the phycosynthesized silver nanoparticles achieved the highest absorption at 369 nm. TEM showed that the synthesized HAgNPs occur with smooth, spherical, and semispherical forms with sizes ranging from 12.04 to 20.67 nm, zeta potential illustrated that HAgNPs were charged with −22.1, The H. triquetra aqueous extract's FTIR examination identified several active groups like – OH, –C=C–, NO, –CH, CCl, –C ≡ C–H: CH which are responsible for the bioadsorption of crude petroleum oil. When extracting crude petroleum oil from seawater, HAgNPs worked better than its aqueous extract. The maximum removal % for light n-alkanes (Ln-alk), heavy n-alkanes (Hn-alk), and PAHs were 70.4 %, 71.63 %, and 75.38 % respectively for H. triquetra aqueous extract with adsorption capacity 889, 511, 273 μg/g at salinity 36 % and pH 5, while in case of HAgNPs the results were 75.81 %, 77.15 %, and 80.56 %, respectively with adsorption capacity 957, 550, 292 μg/g at the same salinity and pH.

A dual-modality sensing probe of fluorescent and colorimetric for detection of cobalt ion based on silver nanoparticles functionalized rhodamine 6G derivatives

The combination of fluorescent probe and colorimetric technique has become one of the most powerful analytical methods due to the advantages of visualization, minimal measurement errors and high sensitivity. Hence, a novel dual-modality sensing probe with both colorimetric and fluorescent capabilities was developed for detecting cobalt ions (Co2+) based on homocysteine mediated silver nanoparticles and rhodamine 6G derivatives probe (AgNPs-Hcy-Rh6G2). The fluorescence of the AgNPs-Hcy-Rh6G2 probe turned on due to the opening of the Rh6G2 spirolactam ring in the presence of Co2+ by a catalytic hydrolysis. The fluorescent intensity of probe is proportional to Co2+ concentration in the range of 0.10–50 μM with a detection limit of 0.05 μM (S/N = 3). More fascinatingly, the color of AgNPs-Hcy-Rh6G2 probe changed from colorless to pink with increasing Co2+ concentration, which allowing colorimetric determination of Co2+. The absorbance of AgNPs-Hcy-Rh6G2 probe is proportional to Co2+ concentration in the range from 0.10 to 25 μM with a detection limit of 0.04 μM (S/N = 3). This colorimetric and fluorescent dual-modal method exhibited good selectivity, and reproducibility and stability, holding great potential for real samples analysis in environmental and drug field.

Facile colorimetric sensor development for sequential detection of coralyne and calf-thymus DNA via tannic acid-assisted silver nanoparticles

Owning to unique size dependent optical properties, plasmonic nanoparticles have been explored as chemical read-outs for assaying various biological and chemical analytes. We propose colorimetric sensing strategy based on tannic acid mediated silver nanoparticles (TA-AgNPs) for the detection of Coralyne (COR) and calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA). Aggregation of TA-AgNPs is observed on addition of COR molecule because of electrostatic interaction between them, which is established by change in color from yellow to brown. TA-AgNPs/COR based colorimetric probe was then employed for CT-DNA detection, utilizing anti-aggregation of nanoparticles. Formation of intercalated complex between CT-DNA and COR prevents the aggregation of nanoparticles and color of TA-AgNPs solution remains yellow. Under optimum sensing conditions, extent of aggregation and anti-aggregation of TA-AgNPs was studied. A linear correlation between absorbance value at 437 nm and COR concentration is obtained in the range of 0 to 1.2 μM with detection limit of 0.44 μM. TA-AgNPs/COR based detection probe exhibited linear response to CT-DNA in concentration range of 0 to 7.62 μM with a limit of detection down to 1.63 μM. The applicability of sensing strategy verified by analysis of COR and CT-DNA in human urine samples, which demonstrated the practical utility of method in biomedical applications.

Green synthesis of Carica papaya mediated silver nanoparticles: Characterization, antibacterial activity, and bioelectricity generation for sustainable applications in nanotechnology

This study presents a sustainable method for synthesizing silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) using green Carica papaya extract (CPE) as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The green synthesis minimizes environmental impact and utilizes bioactive compounds in Carica papaya (CP), offering an economical and sustainable alternative. The goal is to employ CPE for the eco-friendly synthesis of Ag NPs, followed by comprehensive characterization, antibacterial evaluation, cytotoxicity against brine shrimp, and examination of bioelectricity generation. Locally sourced CP was boiled in deionized water, then cooled and filtered twice. The bio-reduction of silver ions to Ag NPs was confirmed by a color change when 45 mL of 0.005 M AgNO3 was mixed with 5 mL of CPE. Characterization through UV–vis absorption spectrophotometry (UV), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis confirms the successful formation and consistent size distribution of Ag nanoparticles. CPE is a crucial reducing agent, as evidenced by a distinct UV-visible peak at 422 nm. X-ray crystal analysis verifies highly crystalline Ag NPs with a face-centered cubic lattice structure. The d-spacing values in SAED images are consistent with the results obtained from XRD. Antimicrobial effectiveness against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis is demonstrated. The study explores the bioelectricity generation potential of CPE-synthesized Ag NPs, indicating promising prospects for sustainable energy solutions. Preliminary experiments show the ability of the nanoparticles to catalyze bio-electrochemical reactions. This dual-benefit study underscores CPEs role in antibacterial properties and bioelectricity generation, laying the groundwork for further research in sustainable nanotechnology applicable to healthcare and energy sectors and contributing to the advancement of environmentally friendly technologies.

Biosynthesis of actinobacterial mediated silver nanoparticle (AgNPs): therapeutic potential and in-silico docking analysis on targeted virulence receptor

Biosynthesis of actinobacterial mediated silver nanoparticle (AgNPs): therapeutic potential and in-silico docking analysis on targeted virulence receptor

Phytochemical Investigation and Characterization of Azadirachta Indica-Mediated Silver Nanoparticles and Their Potential as Antibacterial and Antidiabetic Agents

In this study, we report the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNP’s) by reducing silver ions from a solution of silver nitrate with an aqueous extract from Azadirachta indica. Using silver ions as the catalyst, nanoparticles were formed in 8[Formula: see text]min without the use of toxic chemicals. As evidenced by UV-vis spectroscopy, a broad surface plasmon resonance spectrum at 225[Formula: see text]nm was detected, which indicates the colloidal solution of silver nanoparticles is stable and produces silver nanoparticles. As revealed by the fourier transform-infrared spectrometer (FTIR) analysis, the flower extract contained a variety of biomolecules that acted as capping and reducing agents for the synthesis of AgNPs. As determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), silver nanoparticles displayed a crystalline structure and ranged in size from 18 to 39[Formula: see text]nm. In addition to these findings, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed that the silver nanoparticles were spherical and rod-shaped, as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX). A variety of pathogenic bacteria, such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, were tested against AgNP’s antibacterial properties. A significant inhibition zone was observed for Escherichia coli when AgNPs were applied at different concentrations. Silver nanoparticles were shown to have antidiabetic effects through a diphtheria assay with inhibition rates ranging from 31.09% to 83.33% for concentrations of 50–250[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL. As researchers seek natural sources of compounds with potential health benefits, silver nanoparticles were also investigated for their antioxidant properties.

A facile bio–inspired route of synthesizing Solanum sisymbriifolium fruit extract mediated silver nanoparticles: Pharmaceutical and environmental aspects

The present research work focused on biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Solanum sisymbriifolium aqueous fruit extract (AgNPs@SsFE) and determining their pharmaceutical and environmental aspects for the first time. The phytochemicals extracted from S. sisymbriifolium fruit extract (SsFE) contributed in reducing the average particle size of green synthesized AgNPs@SsFE to 23.17 nm and served as capping agents. Further, when AgNPs@SsFE were characterized using PSA, ZP, FE–SEM, Elemental mapping, EDX, HR–TEM, SAED, FTIR and XRD, exhibited the high colloidal stability, spherical shape and crystalline nature of the nanoparticles. Moreover, the synthesized AgNPs@SsFE exhibited enhanced antioxidant activity in comparison to SsFE when assayed via DPPH, FRAP, •NO and H2O2 scavenging methods. The Agar well–diffusion analysis unveiled AgNPs@SsFE to possess greater antibacterial activity against highly pathogenic gram–negative strains than gram–positive strains. Besides, the synthesized AgNPs@SsFE established itself to be a strong photocatalyst by degrading the methylene blue cationic dye under Solar and UV irradiations. These features of synthesized AgNPs@SsFE are found promising to convince the efficacy of SsFE in synthesizing the nanoparticles which can be useful in modern medicine and clinical applications.

Characterisation, antibacterial and antioxidant effects of mountain tea (Sideritis L.) mediated silver nanoparticles in preventing DNA damage

Characterisation, antibacterial and antioxidant effects of mountain tea (Sideritis L.) mediated silver nanoparticles in preventing DNA damage

Crystallographic structure, antibacterial effect, and catalytic activities of fig extract mediated silver nanoparticles

Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) play a pivotal role in the current research landscape due to their extensive applications in engineering, biotechnology, and industry. The aim is to use fig (Ficus hispida Linn. f.) extract (FE) for eco-friendly Ag NPs synthesis, followed by detailed characterization, antibacterial testing, and investigation of bioelectricity generation. This study focuses on the crystallographic features and nanostructures of Ag NPs synthesized from FE. Locally sourced fig was boiled in deionized water, cooled, and doubly filtered. A color change in 45 mL 0.005 M AgNO3 and 5 mL FE after 40 min confirmed the bio-reduction of silver ions to Ag NPs. Acting as a reducing and capping agent, the fig extract ensures a green and sustainable process. Various analyses, including UV–vis absorption spectrophotometry (UV), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were employed to characterize the synthesized nanoparticles, and Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the fig extract revealed the presence of eleven chemicals. Notably, the Ag NPs exhibited a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band at 418 nm, confirmed by UV analysis, while FTIR and XRD results highlighted the presence of active functional groups in FE and the crystalline nature of Ag NPs respectively. With an average particle size of 44.57 nm determined by FESEM and a crystalline size of 35.87 nm determined by XRD, the nanoparticles showed strong antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli. Most importantly, fig fruit extract has been used as the bio-electrolyte solution to generate electricity for the first time in this report. The findings of this report can be the headway of nano-biotechnology in medicinal and device applications.

Phytochemicals, antioxidant ability and in vitro anthelmintic activity of crude extracts from Vitexnegundo leaves against Haemonchus contortus.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro anthelmintic effect of crude aqueous, methanol, ethanol, hydro alcohol and acetone extracts of Vitex negundo leaves against Haemonchus contortus eggs and larvae. Phytochemical analysis to identify the number of compounds in extracts was done by chemical tests and gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrophotometer detector (GC-MS). First off all the effectiveness of dried plant materials was evaluated on larval development by mixing powdered material (no nano particles) to faecal cultures from donor sheep. Adding powder to the faecal culture resulted into 100% inhibition in larval development at 200 and 300mg/g of faeces. The anthelmintic activity was assessed using the egg hatch assay (EHA) and the larval mortality assay (LMA). Comparison of mean inhibition percentage of egg embryonation, mean inhibition percentage of egg hatching and mean percentage of larval mortality at different concentrations with control was performed by one-way ANOVA. The means were compared for statistical significance using DMRT at P < 0.05. For both the assays, 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) and lethal concentration (LC50) were calculated by probit analysis. Chemical test revealed presence of high concentration of saponin and flavoinoids and moderate concentration of total phenols in leaves. The antioxidant activity (radical scavenging activity, RSA %) measured was 35.47%. On GC-MS, the methanolic leaves extract revealed 30 phyto-compounds. On EHA, there was marked effect on inhibition of egg hatching by aqueous, hydro alcohol and acetone extracts. On LMA all the five extracts showed excellent larvicidal activity. V. negundo leaves methanol extract mediated silver nanoparticles were found very effective at much lower concentrations as compared to crude methanol extract. The results indicated that the V. negundo leaves crude extracts possessed excellent in vitro ovicidal and larvicidal properties against H. contortus which needs more investigation, especially in vivo trials for the control of parasite.

Facile one-pot green synthesis of Aloe vera mediated silver nanoparticles and their catalytic efficiency towards organic transformations

A facile approach for the synthesis of Aloe vera mediated silver nano-particles (AgNPs) has been carried out via chemical route. The developed Aloe vera mediated AgNPs were characterized by using various techniques such as SEM, FT-IR etc. Additionally, catalytic applications of this interesting nanomaterial were utilized for the synthesis of 4-phenylthiazole- 2-amine and its derivatives. After completion of catalytic reactions, Aloe vera mediated AgNPs were easily recycled without any significant loss in catalytic activity. The robust features of the current approach involve an outstanding catalytic performance, ease of catalyst retrievability, easy work up procedure, and large substrate tolerance. Besides this, the green chemistry metrics for the products formed such as E-factor (Environment Factor), PMI (Process Mass Intensity), RME (Reaction Mass Efficiency), Atom Economy (AE) and carbon efficiency (CE) were in associated with high efficiency and selectivity which further confirms the effectiveness of this approach. This work highlights the significance of using economic and eco-friendly approach for synthesizing thiazole derivatives in good to excellent yields via Aloe vera mediated AgNPs under waste free conditions.

Green synthesized silver nanoparticles of Terminalia bellirica leaves extract: synthesis, characterization, in-silico studies, and antimalarial activity

Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease that is caused by the Plasmodium parasite. Most of the available medication are losing their efficacy. Therefore, it is crucial to create fresh leads to combat malaria. Green silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have recently attracted a lot of attention in biomedical research. As a result, green mediated AgNPs from leaves of Terminalia bellirica, a medicinal plant with purported antimalarial effects, were used in this investigation. Initially, cysteine-rich proteins from Plasmodium species were studied in silico as potential therapeutic targets. With docking scores between −9.93 and −11.25 kcal/mol, four leaf constituents of Terminalia bellirica were identified. The green mediated silver nanoparticles were afterward produced using leaf extract and were further examined using UV-vis spectrophotometer, DLS, Zeta potential, FTIR, XRD, and FESEM. The size of synthesized TBL-AgNPs was validated by the FESEM results; the average size of TBL-AgNPs was around 44.05 nm. The zeta potential study also supported green mediated AgNPs stability. Additionally, Plasmodium falciparum (3D7) cultures were used to assess the antimalarial efficacy, and green mediated AgNPs could effectively inhibit the parasitized red blood cells (pRBCs). In conclusion, this novel class of AgNPs may be used as a potential therapeutic replacement for the treatment of malaria.

Biogenic synthesis of Psidium guajava‐mediated silver nanoparticles: A comprehensive antibiofilm and antivirulence study

AbstractIn this study, at sub‐MIC, the efficacy of green synthesized Psidium guajava‐mediated silver nanoparticles (Pg@AgNPs) in inhibiting quorum sensing facilitated virulence factors and suppressing biofilm formation was evaluated against clinical multidrug resistant (MDR) isolates, specifically Chromobacterium violaceum MCC‐2290 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. The AgNPs were synthesized by adding the leaf extract to a solution of silver nitrate, and the reduction of Ag+ ions to Ag0 was confirmed by the appearance of brown color. The Pg@AgNPs were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), UV/Vis spectroscopy, TEM, and XRD. The UV/Vis spectrum showed the characteristic absorption peak of Pg@AgNPs in the range of 350–480 nm. FTIR analysis substantiated the existence of functional groups implicated in the synthesis and stabilization of AgNPs. The XRD analysis elucidated the crystalline characteristics of the nanoparticles. The TEM images further confirmed the spherical shape and size of the nanoparticles, which ranged between 5 and 25 nm. The AgNPs demonstrated notable antibacterial efficacy against C. violaceum and P. aeruginosa. Moreover, the Pg@AgNPs effectively suppressed both biofilm formation and the production of quorum sensing‐mediated virulence factors such as pyoverdin (77.2%), pyocyanin (78.12%), and violacein (83.4%). Additionally, the Pg@AgNPs demonstrated broad‐spectrum activity against biofilm formation, showing the biofilm inhibition in C. violaceum and P. aeruginosa by 81.86% and 87.89%, respectively. Under light microscopy, it is also observed that Pg@AgNPs reduce the formation of biofilm in both tested bacteria. The present finding highlights the potential of green‐synthesized AgNPs using P. guajava leaf extract as antimicrobial agents with potential applications in combating bacterial infections and biofilm‐related diseases.

Agro-waste mediated silver nanoparticles from Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth fruit peel and their multifaceted biomedical applications

The present work aimed to produce silver nanoparticles using an agro-waste fruit peel extract from Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth (PD) and examine their antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer characteristics. The synthesized silver nanoparticles (PD-AgNPs) were validated by the characteristic dark brown hue and surface plasmon resonance at 417 nm. Fourier transform infra-red spectrum pinpoints the important functional groups in charge of their reduction and capping. The X-ray diffraction pattern and transmission electron microscopic images confirmed the face-centred cubic crystal structure and spherical-shaped PD-AgNPs. Particle size and stability of the PD-AgNPs were found to be 83.90 and −31.2 mV respectively. Antibacterial experiments against E. coli, K. pneumoniae, B. subtilis, and S. aureus showed concentration-dependent inhibitory effects. In various assays, including those for DPPH, hydroxyl, superoxide anions, and ABT radicals, PD-AgNPs exhibited strong free radical scavenging abilities when compared with vitamin C. In the MTT experiment, PD-AgNPs displayed dose-dependent cytotoxicity against MG-63 cells with an IC50 of 22.09 µg/mL. Additionally, the anticancer potential of PD-AgNPs was studied by measuring mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis. The potential of PD-AgNPs for utilization in biomedical applications was established by their antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer characteristics. The study emphasizes the importance of green synthesis methodologies in creating multifunctional nanoparticles with therapeutic potential, which warrants further investigation for practical medical applications.

Inshights on antifungal potential of Bryum Argenteum in association with therapeutical clay smectite and silver nanoparticles

This work presents the development of a novel antifungal ternary approach that is eco-friendly, biocompatible, and cost-effective. It consists of Bryum argenteum extract, silver nanoparticles, and healing clay smectite. The research focuses on the green production of silver nanoparticles using an aqueous extract of Bryum argenteum as a stabilizing and reducing agent, as well as the synthesis of clay dispersion and plant extract. The silver nanoparticles were characterized by FTIR, SEM, UV–Vis spectroscopy, and XRD. Using a standard phytochemical screening procedure, the aqueous, ethanolic, and acetonic extracts of Bryum argenteum were subjected to phytochemical screening. Silver nanoparticles and plant extract were evaluated for their antioxidant properties using DPPH scavenging activity at 517 nm. Using the agar well diffusion method, a number of investigations have been conducted on the antifungal potential of the proposed innovative ternary approach against Rhizopus oryzae (R. oryzae) and Aspergillus Niger (A. Niger). The color shift validated the silver nanoparticle generation, and the maximum absorbance at 432.11 nm was observed employing UV–Vis spectroscopy. Several functional groups responsible for the synthesis of AgNPs were identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The particles are spherical in shape, with the range of 10 nm to 50 nm in size. Both ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Bryum argenteum contain sterols, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, and terpenoids. AgNPs have stronger antioxidant activity in comparison to the aqueous extract of Bryum argenteum. Out of all the individual components, AgNPs demonstrated the strongest antifungal activity, with clay and plant extract coming in second and third, respectively. Additionally, their binary composition exhibits a synergistic effect with each combination. However, the ternary combination consisting of smectite clay, Bryum argenteum mediated silver nanoparticles, and Bryum argenteum extract showed exceptional antifungal efficiency against the mentioned fungus species. In respect to the zone of inhibition, the maximal antifungal activity was correlated with concentration and pH. ConclusionIt is concluded here that the proposed ternary system has significant antifungal potential. Future technological and medicinal studies will find this new ternary system to be an invaluable tool.