Median Systolic Blood Pressure Research Articles

Cardiometabolic Risk Profiles of Adolescents Living With Perinatally Acquired HIV in South Africa.

We assessed the Pathological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth (PDAY) score and other potential cardiovascular disease risk factors in adolescents previously enrolled in the Children with HIV Early antiRetroviral (CHER) and International Maternal Pediatric Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials Network P1060 clinical trials. Coronary artery and abdominal aorta (AA) PDAY scores were calculated for 56 participants over 15 years of age using a weighted combination of dyslipidemia, cigarette smoking, hypertension, obesity, and hyperglycemia. A PDAY score ≥1 is associated with early atherosclerosis. Fifty-six participants were enrolled: 46 (82.1%) on a single-tablet regimen of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, lamivudine and dolutegravir. Median time on antiretroviral therapy was 15.8 [interquartile range (IQR): 15.8-16.5] years and median time on dolutegravir was 14 (IQR: 10.0-19.0) months. Fasting median high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was 20.1 mg/dL (IQR: 16.0-23.7) and median non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was 38.3 mg/dL (IQR: 30.8-44.3). The median systolic blood pressure was 115 mm Hg (IQR: 107-121). Median body mass index was 21.3 kg/m 2 (IQR: 19.5-24.7) and median fasted serum glucose was 82.0 mg/dL (IQR: 75.7-87.3). Only 1 (2%) participant smoked cigarettes, but 5 (9%) smoked hookah pipe and 26 (46.4%) smoked cannabis. Thirty-one (55.4%) participants had coronary artery PDAY scores ≥1 and 33 (58.9%) had AA PDAY scores ≥1. Age was associated with an AA PDAY score ≥1 ( P = 0.02) with a 0.06 increase in AA PDAY score for every month of age (95% confidence interval: 0.01-0.12, P = 0.01). Adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV appear at risk for cardiovascular disease. Specific tools for monitoring this risk are needed to institute appropriate preventive interventions.

Predictors of Short-Term Trauma Laparotomy Outcomes in an Integrated Military-Civilian Health System: A 23-Year Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Trauma laparotomy (TL) remains a cornerstone of trauma care. We aimed to investigate prehospital measures associated with in-hospital mortality among casualties subsequently undergoing TLs in civilian hospitals. Methods: This retrospective cohort study cross-referenced the prehospital and hospitalization data of casualties treated by Israel Defense Forces-Medical Corps teams who later underwent TLs in civilian hospitals between 1997 and 2020. Results: Overall, we identified 217 casualties treated by IDF-MC teams that subsequently underwent a TL, with a mortality rate of 15.2% (33/217). The main mechanism of injury was documented as penetrating for 121/217 (55.8%). The median heart rate and blood pressure were within the normal limit for the entire cohort, with a low blood pressure predicting mortality (65 vs. 127, p < 0.001). In a multivariate analysis, prehospital endotracheal intubation (ETI), emergency department Glasgow coma scores of 3-8, and the need for a thoracotomy or bowel-related procedures were significantly associated with mortality (OR 6.8, p < 0.001, OR = 48.5, p < 0.001, and OR = 4.61, p = 0.002, respectively). Conclusions: Prehospital interventions introduced throughout the study period did not lead to an improvement in survival. Survival was negatively influenced by prehospital ETI, reinforcing previous observations of the potential deleterious effects of definitive airways on hemorrhaging trauma casualties. While a low blood pressure was a predictor of mortality, the median systolic blood pressure for even the sickest patients (ISS > 16) was within normal limits, highlighting the challenges in triage and risk stratification for trauma casualties.

Abstract P242: The Effects of Wellness Coaching on Lowering Stroke Risk Factors in a Wisconsin Native American Population

Objective: Native Americans are disproportionally affected by obesity, diabetes and stroke. This study tests the hypothesis that weight loss and change in BMI are related to coaching participation in the first 52 weeks of a two-year study. Methods: Participants of the “Stroke Prevention in the Wisconsin Native American Population” study age ≥55 years with three or more stroke risk factors were assigned to a High Risk-Intensive Coaching arm (n=49); informed consent was obtained for all participants. These participants engaged in routine wellness coaching visits centered around lifestyle modification in an effort to reduce risk factors for stroke. Data analysis was performed with SPSS (SPSS, IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, US) and R (RStudio, PBC, Boston, MA, US). Continuous variables are reported with median and interquartile range (IQR). A participation score (total coaching sessions attended ÷ 52 weeks) was calculated for each participant and total weight loss for the first 52 weeks was also calculated (baseline weight in pounds - the weight in pounds at the last coaching session closest to week 52), (n=49). The Wilcoxon Signed Rank test was used to test the hypothesis that weight loss or change in BMI was significantly different than baseline. A smoothing spline was used to assess a potential dose-response relationship between participation score and weight loss and change in BMI. Results: Of the 49 participants examined, 36 were female and 13 were male, with a median age of 66 (IQR =10.0) years. Risk factors observed at baseline included smoking (n=11, 22.4%), median BMI of 31.6 lb/in 2 (IQR=7.7), and median physical activity of 90 minutes per week (IQR=210.0). Biometric measures were also recorded at baseline, with a median systolic blood pressure of 149 mmHg (IQR=26.0) and median diastolic of 80 mmHg (IQR=14.0), median total cholesterol of 156 mg/dL (IQR=57.0), median LDL of 87 mg/dL (IQR=57.0), median HDL of 46 mg/dL (IQR=16.0), median non-HDL of 110 mg/dL (IQR=61.0), and median hemoglobin A1C of 6.5 mg/dL (IQR=1.2). Participation score median of 0.33 (IQR=0.375) range 0.06-0.87. Weight loss median 3.6 (IQR=9.45) range -41 to 35 pounds. A spline analysis found a significant dose-response relationship between participation score in the first 52 weeks of the study and weight loss (r 2 =0.199 deviance 23%, p=0.006) and BMI (r 2 =0.145, deviance 16.7%, p=0.010). Conclusion: Preliminary results suggest that participation in a wellness coaching program may be associated with weight loss and change in BMI in this study population. Future work will continue to examine how coaching is related to weight loss and change in BMI in a larger cohort and with a wider age range.

Comparative efficacy of sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: A real-world experience.

Sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) are a class of drugs with modest antidiabetic efficacy, weight loss effect, and cardiovascular benefits as proven by multiple randomised controlled trials (RCTs). However, real-world data on the comparative efficacy and safety of individual SGLT-2i medications is sparse. To study the comparative efficacy and safety of SGLT-2i using real-world clinical data. We evaluated the comparative efficacy data of 3 SGLT-2i drugs (dapagliflozin, canagliflozin, and empagliflozin) used for treating patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Data on the reduction of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), body weight, blood pressure (BP), urine albumin creatinine ratio (ACR), and adverse effects were recorded retrospectively. Data from 467 patients with a median age of 64 (14.8) years, 294 (62.96%) males and 375 (80.5%) Caucasians were analysed. Median diabetes duration was 16.0 (9.0) years, and the duration of SGLT-2i use was 3.6 (2.1) years. SGLT-2i molecules used were dapagliflozin 10 mg (n = 227; 48.6%), canagliflozin 300 mg (n = 160; 34.3%), and empagliflozin 25 mg (n = 80; 17.1). Baseline median (interquartile range) HbA1c in mmol/mol were: dapagliflozin - 78.0 (25.3), canagliflozin - 80.0 (25.5), and empagliflozin - 75.0 (23.5) respectively. The respective median HbA1c reduction at 12 months and the latest review (just prior to the study) were: 66.5 (22.8) & 69.0 (24.0), 67.0 (16.3) & 66.0 (28.0), and 67.0 (22.5) & 66.5 (25.8) respectively (P < 0.001 for all comparisons from baseline). Significant improvements in body weight (in kilograms) from baseline to study end were noticed with dapagliflozin - 101 (29.5) to 92.2 (25.6), and canagliflozin 100 (28.3) to 95.3 (27.5) only. Significant reductions in median systolic and diastolic BP, from 144 (21) mmHg to 139 (23) mmHg; (P = 0.015), and from 82 (16) mmHg to 78 (19) mmHg; (P < 0.001) respectively were also observed. A significant reduction of microalbuminuria was observed with canagliflozin only [ACR 14.6 (42.6) at baseline to 8.9 (23.7) at the study end; P = 0.043]. Adverse effects of SGLT-2i were as follows: genital thrush and urinary infection - 20 (8.8%) & 17 (7.5%) with dapagliflozin; 9 (5.6%) & 5 (3.13%) with canagliflozin; and 4 (5%) & 4 (5%) with empagliflozin. Diabetic ketoacidosis was observed in 4 (1.8%) with dapagliflozin and 1 (0.63%) with canagliflozin. Treatment of patients with SGLT-2i is associated with statistically significant reductions in HbA1c, body weight, and better than those reported in RCTs, with low side effect profiles. A review of large-scale real-world data is needed to inform better clinical practice decision making.

Clinical Effects and Functional State of the Endothelium in Patients with Arterial Hypertension with a Suboptimal Level of K+ in the Dynamics of Treatment with a Potassium-Magnesium Mineral Complex

Today, electrolyte dysbalance plays an important role in the formation and progression of cardiovascular diseases. The risk of development cardiovascular events also depends on potassium and magnesium deficiency. However, the issue of risks and clinical consequences of suboptimal serum potassium remains poorly understood. The objective: to analyze the influence of the mineral complex on the clinical status, serum levels of potassium and magnesium and the functional state of the endothelium, heart rhythm and parameters of the blood lipid spectrum in patients with arterial hypertension (AH) of the 2nd grade. Materials and methods. 60 patients from 43 to 65 years old with grade 2 AH, II stage took part in the study. Patients (36 men and 24 women) were divided into two groups of 30 persons each. Patients of the 1st group received antihypertensive therapy (perindopril 5–10 mg/day or valsartan 80–120 mg/day + hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg) and atorvastatin 20 mg/day. Patients of the 2nd group, in addition to the above-mentioned therapy, were prescribed a mineral complex of natural potassium and magnesium, 1 sachet per day for 3 months. Endothelial function was examined for all participants, the peak blood flow index was determined, arterial blood pressure (ABP) and electrocardiogram (ECG) were monitored daily. Results. In patients of the 2nd group, gradual increased levels of K+ and Mg+ in the blood plasma were determined: the median level of K+ increased by 25.9%, and the median Mg+ concentration – by 16.4% (р˂0.01). Endothelium-dependent vasodilatation after three months of potassium-magnesium citrate use became 2.17 times higher than the initial indicator and 1.94 times higher than in the 1st group (p&lt;0.05). In the 2nd group of patients who additionally took the mineral complex, statistically significant positive dynamics of the blood pressure level were found: after 3 months, the median daily systolic blood pressure (SBP) decreased to 133.56 mm Hg. (LQ=131.64; HQ=135.29) (p&lt;0.01). A significant decrease in the medians of both day and night SBP and diastolic blood pressure was also determined (p&lt;0.01). At the same time, compared to the initial values, the number of ectopic arrhythmias decreased: supraventricular extrasystoles – by 47%, single and paired ventricular extrasystoles – by 37.5% and 47.1%, respectively (p&lt;0.01). Positive dynamics of lipid indicators were found in the patients of the 2nd group. Conclusions. Prescribing a mineral complex to patients with AH and a suboptimal level of K+ who receive therapy including a thiazide diuretic has a complex positive effect: it increases the effectiveness of antihypertensive and hypolipidemic therapy, improves the functional state of the endothelium and vasodilatation, reduces the number of heart rhythm disorders and prevents the occurrence of hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia.

Nebulized Versus Intravenously Administered Dexmedetomidine for Obtunding Hemodynamic Responses to Laryngoscopy and Tracheal Intubation: A Randomized Double-Blind Comparative Study.

Introduction Intravenous dexmedetomidine is known to cause major adverse effects such as bradycardia, hypotension, cardiac arrhythmias, and heart block when used as premedication for attenuation of the laryngoscopy and intubation response, limiting its routine use. Thus, it is important to study other routes of administration of dexmedetomidine. Objectives To compare the hemodynamic response and sedation score between intravenous and nebulized dexmedetomidine as premedication for the attenuation of the laryngoscopy and intubation response. Materials and methods In this study, 60 patients fulfilling inclusion criteria undergoing surgeries under general anesthesia (ASA Grade I and II) were randomly allocated into two groups of 30 patients each. Group IV received intravenous 1 mcg/kg dexmedetomidine in 100 mLnormal saline, and Group IN received nebulization with 1 mcg/kg dexmedetomidine diluted to a total volume of 5 cc of normal saline, 30 minutes prior to the induction of general anesthesia. Sedation scores were calculated using the Ramsay sedation score at 20 minutes after the administration of the drug; patients were induced by the standard protocol, and laryngoscopy was performed. Vitals were recorded before the administration of the drug and after intubation at stipulated time intervals. Results The median heart rate becomes significantly lower at 15 minutes (70 vs. 76.5) and 20 minutes (66 vs. 76) after induction among Group IV as compared to Group IN. The median systolic blood pressure was significantly lower at 20 minutes in Group IV (110 mmHg) than in Group IN (119 mmHg). The median diastolic blood pressure was significantly lower at 10 minutes (76 vs. 79), 15 minutes (70 vs. 77), and 20 minutes (69 vs. 78.5) in Group IV than in Group IN. The median of mean arterial pressure was significantly lower at 15 minutes (84.8 vs. 91.5) and 20 minutes (83 vs. 92) in Group IV than in Group IN. A comparison of vitals after induction shows that the median heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial pressure were significantly lower statistically among Group IV as compared to Group IN at 0, 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, and 30 minutes after induction (except for systolic blood pressure at 3 minutes). The median sedation score was lower in Group IN (0) than in Group IV (1); this difference is statistically significant. Conclusion The obtundation of hemodynamic responses following laryngoscopy and maintaining hemodynamics intraoperatively is statistically better with nebulized dexmedetomidine compared to intravenous dexmedetomidine.

Evaluation of Apatinib-Related Hypertension and Identification of Clinical Risk Factors

Purpose. Hypertension (HTN) is one of the most common adverse drug reactions to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), but little is known about its clinical risk factors. The aim of this study was to elucidate the association between baseline clinical characteristics and the occurrence of HTN in advanced gastric cancer (GC) patients prescribed apatinib, a commonly used VEGF-TKI in China, in a real-world setting. Patients and Methods. Fifty-five GC patients treated with apatinib from December 1st, 2016, to December 1st, 2020, were retrospectively included in electronic medical records. Adverse drug reactions were defined according to the National Cancer Institute’s Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v5.0. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to investigate potential clinical risk factors for apatinib-related HTN. Results. The incidence of apatinib-related HTN of all grades was 45.45%, and grade 3 HTN occurred in 16.36% of patients. The median maximal systolic blood pressure (SBP) during apatinib treatment was 153 mm·Hg, and the median time to event was 25 days. New-onset HTN occurred in 10/33 (30.30%) patients. Preexisting HTN (odds ratio [OR]: 4.155; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.252, 13.787; p=0.020) was the key independent risk factor associated with apatinib-related HTN. Conclusion. The incidence of HTN was high in patients treated with apatinib, and preexisting HTN was an independent risk factor. It is important to provide thorough and close monitoring of patients during treatment with apatinib, especially for those with preexisting HTN. This trial is registered with ChiCTR1900024531.

Risk factors and prevalence of hypertension in older adults from south-eastern Poland: an observational study

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of hypertension and to investigate risk factors linked to hypertension in older adults. An observational study was conducted in a group of adults between 60 and 85 years of age, living in south-eastern Poland. In line with the specific inclusion criteria, 80 women and 29 men were enrolled for the study (109 adults). Participants’ body weight, height, and body fat percentage (BFP) were assessed using a bioelectrical impedance analysis, blood pressure was measured using automated oscillometric sphygmomanometer, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time were assessed using a tri-axial accelerometer, whereas data related to socio-economic and lifestyle factors were collected using a self-report technique. Arterial hypertension was found at a rate of 16% in participants with normal body weight, 22% in those with overweight and 85% in those with obesity. Body mass index (BMI) and BFP correlated significantly with systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). The highest median SBP and DBP values were found in the group of participants with obesity, and the lowest values were identified in those with normal body weight. Out of all the investigated socio-economic risk factors linked to hypertension, education level was the only one that showed significant associations. A logistic regression analysis was performed to check which factors were most strongly associated with hypertension in the study group. The stepwise method showed that hypertension was more common in participants with a higher BMI, and BFP and in those who did not meet MVPA recommendation.

The combination of doxazosin and metyrosine as a preoperative treatment for pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas.

Preoperative medical management is critical to prevent intraoperative cardiovascular complications in patients with pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs). Initial treatment involves α-adrenergic receptor blockers. However, while the routine use of metyrosine alongside these blockers is not strongly recommended due to a lack of evidence supporting its efficacy and associated safety concerns, there are previous studies on combination therapy with phenoxybenzamine and metyrosine. There are few reports on combination therapy with the selective α1-adrenergic receptor blocker doxazosin. Therefore, we investigated this combination treatment, which theoretically can affect perioperative outcomes in patients with PPGLs. To our knowledge, this is the first such study. This retrospective single-center observational study involved 51 patients who underwent surgical resection of PPGLs at Kobe University Hospital between 2014 and 2022. All patients received doxazosin at maximum doses. Fourteen patients received concomitant metyrosine, while 37 received doxazosin alone. Their perioperative outcomes were compared. No severe event, such as acute coronary syndrome, was observed in either group. Intraoperatively, the doxazosin + metyrosine group exhibited a lower median minimum systolic blood pressure (56 [54-60] vs. 68 [59-74] mmHg, P = 0.03) and required lower median remifentanil (P = 0.04) and diltiazem (P = 0.02) doses than the doxazosin-alone group. The combination of metyrosine and doxazosin as a preoperative treatment for PPGLs affects intraoperative circulatory hemodynamics, such as a reduced occurrence of blood pressure elevation during surgery. Further research is necessary to identify patients who will benefit most from this combination treatment.

Plasma Calprotectin Levels Associate With New-Onset Hypertension in the General Population: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Low-grade systemic inflammation is a relevant pathogenic mechanism underlying the development of hypertension. In this study, we hypothesized that plasma calprotectin levels, as a biomarker of neutrophil-mediated inflammation, is associated with developing new-onset hypertension in the general population. Plasma calprotectin levels were determined in 3524 participants who participated in the PREVEND (Prevention of Renal and Vascular End-Stage Disease) study, a prospective population-based cohort study. Plasma calprotectin levels were studied for associations with the risk of new-onset hypertension, defined as systolic blood pressure of at least 140 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure of at least 90 mm Hg, or the first recorded use of antihypertensives. Participants with hypertension at baseline were excluded. Median plasma calprotectin levels were 0.48 (0.34-0.66) mg/L, and median systolic blood pressure was 117 (109-126) mm Hg. Plasma calprotectin levels were significantly associated with the risk of new-onset hypertension (hazard ratio [HR], per doubling 1.30 [95% CI, 1.21-1.41]; P<0.001), also after adjustment for age and sex (HR, 1.26 [95% CI, 1.16-1.37]; P<0.001), but not after additional adjustment for potentially confounding factors, including baseline systolic blood pressure (HR, 1.00 [95% CI, 0.90-1.11]; P=0.996). Stratified analyses showed significant effect modification by sex (Pinteraction=0.023) and urinary albumin excretion (Pinteraction=0.004), with higher HRs in men (compared with women) and in individuals with higher urinary albumin excretion (>9.3 mg per 24 hours) compared with lower urinary albumin excretion (≤9.3 mg per 24 hours). Higher plasma calprotectin levels are associated with an increased risk of new-onset hypertension in the general population. This association is dependent on baseline systolic blood pressure and is particularly prominent in men compared with women.

Intensive care unit admission prediction tool for ischemic stroke patients receiving intravenous thrombolysis: A retrospective cohort study

Background: Some evidence suggests that given the limited healthcare resources, the majority of low- risk stroke patients may not require critical care monitoring. This study aimed to establish a predictive score for identifying post-intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) acute ischemic stroke patients who should be monitored in the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of patients with acute ischemic stroke who underwent IVT at Songklanagarind Hospital, Thailand between January 2010 and December 2019. Baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes were recorded. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was collected using the first recorded in the emergency department (ED) as well as the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). Results: Of the 171 patients with stroke, 73 (42.7%) needed ICU care. The median age was 67 years old. The median SBP and NIHSS were 160 mm Hg and 10, respectively. The predicting stroke ICU (PSU) score was developed, with the following points assigned: NIHSS score (1 point if &gt; 9), SBP (1 point if &gt; 170 mmHg), and infarct size greater than 1 lobe (2 points if present). The PSU score achieved an area under the ROC curve of 0.759 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.688–0.830). A PSU score ≥ 1 predicted the need for ICU care with a sensitivity of 91.78%. Conclusions: The PSU score, which is based on the NIHSS score, systolic blood pressure, and infarct size, predicts the need for ICU care after IVT in patients with stroke.

A study on the characteristics of patients visiting the pediatric emergency department with post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage

Purpose: This study was performed to identify risk factors associated with post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage (PTH)-related hospitalization in pediatric patients visiting an emergency department (ED).Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent tonsillectomy at a single children’s hospital ED from January 2009 through December 2020. Data were collected on patient demographics, chief complaints, surgical methods, postoperative days, initial vital signs, and laboratory findings. The study population was divided into hospitalized and discharged groups.Results: Among a total of 2,716 patients reviewed, 67 met the inclusion criteria. The hospitalized group showed a lower median systolic blood pressure (108.0 [interquartile range, 82.0-134.0] vs. 118.5 [89.8-147.2] mmHg; P = 0.021) and a faster median respiratory rate (23.0 [18.0-28.0] vs. 20.0 [17.0-23.0] breaths/minute; P = 0.019), compared with the discharged group. Multivariable logistic regression identified systolic blood pressure under 100 mmHg (odds ratio, 5.21; 95% confidence interval, 1.17-37.60) and respiratory rate over 24 breaths/minute (7.31; 1.07-145.79) as the factors associated with PTH-related hospitalization.Conclusion: When pediatric patients visit EDs for PTH, close monitoring or hospitalization may be needed in those with low systolic blood pressure or rapid respiratory rate.

Effect of Dietary Sodium on Blood Pressure

Dietary sodium recommendations are debated partly due to variable blood pressure (BP) response to sodium intake. Furthermore, the BP effect of dietary sodium among individuals taking antihypertensive medications is understudied. To examine the distribution of within-individual BP response to dietary sodium, the difference in BP between individuals allocated to consume a high- or low-sodium diet first, and whether these varied according to baseline BP and antihypertensive medication use. Prospectively allocated diet order with crossover in community-based participants enrolled between April 2021 and February 2023 in 2 US cities. A total of 213 individuals aged 50 to 75 years, including those with normotension (25%), controlled hypertension (20%), uncontrolled hypertension (31%), and untreated hypertension (25%), attended a baseline visit while consuming their usual diet, then completed 1-week high- and low-sodium diets. High-sodium (approximately 2200 mg sodium added daily to usual diet) and low-sodium (approximately 500 mg daily total) diets. Average 24-hour ambulatory systolic and diastolic BP, mean arterial pressure, and pulse pressure. Among the 213 participants who completed both high- and low-sodium diet visits, the median age was 61 years, 65% were female and 64% were Black. While consuming usual, high-sodium, and low-sodium diets, participants' median systolic BP measures were 125, 126, and 119 mm Hg, respectively. The median within-individual change in mean arterial pressure between high- and low-sodium diets was 4 mm Hg (IQR, 0-8 mm Hg; P < .001), which did not significantly differ by hypertension status. Compared with the high-sodium diet, the low-sodium diet induced a decline in mean arterial pressure in 73.4% of individuals. The commonly used threshold of a 5 mm Hg or greater decline in mean arterial pressure between a high-sodium and a low-sodium diet classified 46% of individuals as "salt sensitive." At the end of the first dietary intervention week, the mean systolic BP difference between individuals allocated to a high-sodium vs a low-sodium diet was 8 mm Hg (95% CI, 4-11 mm Hg; P < .001), which was mostly similar across subgroups of age, sex, race, hypertension, baseline BP, diabetes, and body mass index. Adverse events were mild, reported by 9.9% and 8.0% of individuals while consuming the high- and low-sodium diets, respectively. Dietary sodium reduction significantly lowered BP in the majority of middle-aged to elderly adults. The decline in BP from a high- to low-sodium diet was independent of hypertension status and antihypertensive medication use, was generally consistent across subgroups, and did not result in excess adverse events. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04258332.

Evaluation of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Components and Enzymes in Systemically Hypertensive Cats Receiving Amlodipine.

Chronic renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) activation is harmful. Amlodipine activates RAAS in humans and dogs, but contradictory data exist for systemically hypertensive (SHT) cats. Cats with SHT and chronic kidney disease treated with amlodipine (SHT/CKD-A) are RAAS activated. Client-owned cats: unmedicated normotensive (NT) cats (n = 9); SHT/CKD-A cats (n = 5) with median systolic blood pressure of 170 mmHg (vs. 195 mmHg, pre-treatment), chronic kidney disease, and receiving no RAAS-suppressive therapy. Serum was frozen (-80 °C) until RAAS analysis via equilibrium analysis. The RAAS variables (reported as median (minimum-maximum)) were compared between groups, using Mann-Whitney U test. Angiotensin 1, angiotensin 1,7, angiotensin III, and angiotensin 1,5, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-2 activity were higher in SHT/CKD-A cats compared to NT cats, while ACE activity was lower in SHT/CKD-A cats compared to NT cats (p < 0.05 all). A marker for alternative RAAS influence (ALT-S) was significantly higher (69; 58-73 pmol/pmol) in SHT/CKD-A cats compared to NT cats (35; 14-63 pmol/pmol; p = 0.001). Aldosterone concentrations were significantly higher (393; 137-564 pmol/L) in SHT/CKD-A cats compared to NT cats (129; 28-206 pmol/L; p = 0.007). Circulating RAAS is activated in systemically hypertensive cats receiving amlodipine. Although this study did not parse out the individual contributions of SHT, chronic kidney disease, and amlodipine, the findings suggest that the use of concurrent RAAS-suppressant therapy, specifically aldosterone antagonism, in amlodipine-treated SHT cats with chronic kidney disease might be indicated.

Phenotypic differences between peripartum cardiomyopathy and idiopathic or familial cardiomyopathy in young women

Abstract Introduction Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a form of heart failure (HF) characterised by left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, which develops in previously healthy women towards the end of pregnancy or in the months following delivery. PPCM should be distinguished from underlying familial or idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), as management and outcomes of these conditions differ. Purpose We sought to investigate the phenotypic differences in women with PPCM as compared to those with DCM, the aetiology of which was either familial or idiopathic. Methods Sub-analysis was conducted on data collected by the African Cardiomyopathy and Myocarditis Registry Program (IMHOTEP), including 226 women from 3 sites in South Africa. Patients with a diagnosis of PPCM were compared to DCM (idiopathic or familial cardiomyopathy), with regards to their clinical presentation, echocardiography, and electrocardiography. Results Women with PPCM (n=132) were significantly younger than those with DCM (n=94) (29 [23-34] vs 38 [28-45] years). Both cohorts consisted mostly of patients of Black African descent (PPCM 66.7%, DCM 60.6%). A family history of HF was more commonly reported with DCM (36.6% vs 15%, p&amp;lt;0.001). Comorbidities, including hypertension, were uncommon in both groups. Two thirds of patients (66.4%) with PPCM had NYHA functional class III/IV at time of presentation, as compared to half of those with DCM (52.4%, p=0.14). Median systolic BP (113mmHg), diastolic BP (72mmHg) and pulse rate (91 bpm) did not differ between groups. On the ECG, there were significant differences in the intervals between patients with PPCM and DCM (PR interval of 152ms vs 168ms, p&amp;lt;0.001; QRS duration of 87ms vs 106ms, p&amp;lt;0.001; QTc by Bazett 429ms vs 451ms, p&amp;lt;0.001). Atrial fibrillation/flutter (5.5% vs 0.8%, p=0.083), left axis deviation (20.2% vs 2.6%, p&amp;lt;0.001) and left bundle branch block (22.6% vs 3.9%, p&amp;lt;0.001) occurred more frequently DCM compared to PPCM. Patients with PPCM more often manifested T wave inversion in the precordial leads (62.1% vs 46.8%, p=0.022). While there was no difference in LV systolic function (LVEF 28% [22-37]) between the groups, women with DCM had larger ventricles (LVEDD 63mm [57-69] vs 61mm [57-65], p=0.023), and atria (left atrial area 26.8 cm2 [21.9-30.2] vs 20.9 cm2 [18.2-26.1], p=0.002). However, LV thrombus was more frequently reported in PPCM compared to DCM (9.1% vs 2.1%, 0.032). Conclusion In this study, we demonstrate that compared to women with idiopathic and familial DCM, patients with PPCM were younger and had a number of phenotypic differences. The 12-lead ECG may be useful in the differentiation of both conditions. Accurate phenotyping of patients presenting with cardiomyopathy in the peripartum period may help to determine which patients require further investigations for DCM and influence the immediate and long-term care of these women.Figure 1

Abstract 15351: Characteristics of Veterans Enrolled in a Nationwide Home Telemonitoring Blood Pressure (BP) Program

Background: Guidelines recommend home BP monitoring for the diagnosis and management of hypertension. The Veterans Affairs (VA) has a robust nationwide home BP monitoring telehealth (HT) program. Aims: We aimed to determine factors associated with being enrolled in the VA’s HT program using a nationwide cohort. Methods: Veterans with hypertension and a primary care (PC) visit between 4/2013 and 9/2015 were identified and classified as telehealth if they enrolled in the HT program and were issued a home-telehealth BP monitor. Control patients were not enrolled. Patient characteristics including the care assessment needs (CAN) score (validated probability for mortality or hospitalization in the following year) were extracted from the electronic health record (EHR). Results: Over 33 months, 29,927 (2.5%) veterans were enrolled in the HT program and 1,160,506 (97.5%) veterans with hypertension were not enrolled. Compared to controls, HT patients were of similar age (median 66 years), were more likely to be female (5.6% vs 4.6%), be of Black race (28.7% vs 20.1%), have a higher index median systolic BP (158.4 vs 153 mmHg), have a greater number of PC visits in the 2 years prior (11 vs 7 visits), have a higher median probability of a mortality or hospitalization event within 1 year (13% vs 7%) and were on a greater number of antihypertensive medications than those not enrolled (Table). These veterans were seen by 9,301 PC providers, who enrolled the following percentages of their hypertensive patients (% of patients by % of providers): 0% by 22%, &lt;2% by 24.1%, 2-5% by 28.9%, 5-10% by 16.4%, 10-20% by 6.9% and &gt;20% by 1.7%. Conclusion: The VA’s HT program is used by a limited number of Veterans. Those enrolled are sicker and have a greater burden of hypertension than those not enrolled. Most providers have a small percentage of their panel of patients enrolled. This preliminary report comes from a study evaluating the effect of HT on BP control, cardiovascular events, and non-cancer mortality.

Hemodynamic Response in Ascending Aorta Surgery Patients during Moderate Intensity Resistance Training.

In patients undergoing ascending aortic surgery (AAS), postsurgical physical exercise with a safe and effective exercise prescription is recommended. Resistance training is associated with blood pressure (BP) elevations that may increase the risk of new aortic dissection or rupture. However, the acute hemodynamic response to resistance training for this patient group is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate peak systolic BP (SBP) increases in AAS patients during moderate intensity resistance training. SBP was measured continuously beat-to-beat with a noninvasive method during three sets of leg presses at moderate intensity. A 15-repetition maximum strength test was performed to estimate the maximal amount of resistance a participant could manage 15 times consecutively (equivalent to approximately 60-65% of their maximum strength). The study had 48 participants in total, i.e., 24 cases and 24 controls. Both groups consisted of 10 females (42%) and 14 males (58%). The case group had a mean age of 60.0 (SD ± 11.9) years and a mean of 16.3 months since surgery (minimum 4.4 and maximum 39.6 months). 22 of the 24 cases received antihypertensive medication. The median baseline BP was 119/74 mmHg among cases and 120/73 mmHg among controls. During the first set of leg presses, the median peak SBP was 152 mmHg, in the second set 154 mmHg, and in the third set 165 mmHg. Corresponding values in controls were 170 mmHg, 181 mmHg, and 179 mmHg. The highest peak SBP registered in an AAS patient was 190 mmHg and in any healthy control was 287 mmHg. The findings indicate that AAS patients in control of their BP have the endurance to perform 3 sets of resistance training at moderate intensity as their SBP increases with a maximum of 39% from the baseline compared to the 51% increase in the control group.

A comparative analysis of tranexamic acid dosing strategies in traumatic major hemorrhage.

Tranexamic acid (TXA) is a life-saving treatment for traumatic hemorrhage, but the optimal dosing regimen remains unknown. Different doses and treatment strategies have been proposed, including single bolus, repeated bolus, or bolus plus infusion. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different TXA dosing strategies on clinical outcomes in bleeding trauma patients. Secondary analysis of a perpetual cohort study from a UK Level I trauma center. Adult patients who activated the local major hemorrhage protocol and received TXA were included. The primary outcome was 28-day mortality. Secondary outcomes were 24-hour mortality, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, venous thromboembolism, and rotational thromboelastometry fibrinolysis. Over an 11-year period, 525 patients were included. Three dosing groups were identified: 1 g bolus only (n = 317), 1 g bolus +1 g infusion over 8 hours (n = 80), and 2 g bolus (n = 128). Demographics and admission physiology were similar, but there were differences in injury severity (median Injury Severity Score, 25, 29, and 25); and admission systolic blood pressure (median Systolic Blood Pressure, 99, 108, 99 mm Hg) across the 1-g, 1 g + 1 g, and 2-g groups. 28-day mortality was 21% in each treatment group. The incidence of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome was significantly higher in the bolus plus infusion group (84%) vs. 1 g bolus (64%) and 2 g bolus (62%) group, p = 0.002, but on multivariable analysis was nonsignificant. Venous thromboembolism rates were similar in the 1-g bolus (4%), 2 g bolus (8%) and bolus plus infusion groups (7%). There was no difference in rotational thromboelastometry maximum lysis at 24 hours: 5% in both the 1-g and 2-g bolus groups vs. 4% in bolus plus infusion group. Clinical outcomes and 24-hour fibrinolysis state were equivalent across three different dosing strategies of TXA. Single bolus administration is likely preferable to a bolus plus infusion regimen. Therapeutic/Care Management; Level III.

Critical systolic blood pressure threshold for endovascular aortic occlusion-A multinational analysis to determine when to place a REBOA.

Systolic blood pressure (SBP) is a potential indicator that could guide when to use a resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) in trauma patients with life-threatening injuries. This study aims to determine the optimal SBP threshold for REBOA placement by analyzing the association between SBP pre-REBOA and 24-hour mortality in severely injured hemodynamically unstable trauma patients. We performed a pooled analysis of the aortic balloon occlusion (ABO) trauma and AORTA registries. These databases record the details related to the use of REBOA and include data from 14 countries worldwide. We included patients who had suffered penetrating and/or blunt trauma. Patients who arrived at the hospital with a SBP pre-REBOA of 0 mm Hg and remained at 0 mm Hg after balloon inflation were excluded. We evaluated the impact that SBP pre-REBOA had on the probability of death in the first 24 hours. A total of 1,107 patients underwent endovascular aortic occlusion, of these, 848 met inclusion criteria. The median age was 44 years (interquartile range [IQR], 27-59 years) and 643 (76%) were male. The median injury severity score was 34 (IQR, 25-45). The median SBP pre-REBOA was 65 mm Hg (IQR, 49-88 mm Hg). Mortality at 24 hours was reported in 279 (32%) patients. Math modeling shows that predicted probabilities of the primary outcome increased steadily in SBP pre-REBOA below 100 mm Hg. Multivariable mixed-effects analysis shows that when SBP pre-REBOA was lower than 60 mm Hg, the risk of death was more than 50% (relative risk, 1.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.17-1.92; p = 0.001). In patients who do not respond to initial resuscitation, the use of REBOA in SBPs between 60 mm Hg and 80 mm Hg may be a useful tool in resuscitation efforts before further decompensation or complete cardiovascular collapse. The findings from our study are clinically important as a first step in identifying candidates for REBOA. Prognostic and Epidemiological; Level IV.

Abstract 046: Association Of Cancer With The Risk Of Developing Hypertension

Background and Aims: Although the importance of hypertension in patients with cancer is widely recognized, little is known about the risk of developing hypertension in patients with a history of cancer. Methods: This retrospective observational cohort study analyzed data from the JMDC Claims Database between 2005 and 2022, including 78,162 patients with a history of cancer and 3,692,654 individuals without cancer. The primary endpoint was the incidence of hypertension. Results: At the initial health check-up, the median systolic and diastolic blood pressure were 116 (IQR:106-126) and 71 (IQR:64-80) mmHg. The median age of the study participants was 43 years (IQR, 35-51 years), and 2,118,101 (56.2%) were men. During a mean follow-up period of 1,208 ± 966 days, 311,197 participants developed hypertension. Compared to individuals without a history of cancer, the cumulative incidence of hypertension was higher in individuals with a history of cancer (log-rank test, P&lt;0.001). The incidence of hypertension was 364.6 (95% CI 357.0-372.2) per 10000 person-years among those with a history of cancer and 247.2 (95% CI 246.3-248.1) per 10000 person-years in those without cancer. Individuals with a history of cancer had an elevated risk of developing hypertension according to multivariable Cox regression analyses (HR 1.17, 95% CI 1.15-1.20). Both cancer patients requiring active chemotherapy (HR 2.01, 95% CI 1.85-2.20) and those who did not require active chemotherapy (HR 1.14, 95% CI 1.12-1.17) had an increased risk of hypertension. A multitude of sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the relationship between cancer and incident hypertension. Patients with certain types of cancer were found to have a higher risk of developing hypertension than those without cancer, with varying risks dependent on the types of cancer. Conclusions: Our analysis of a nationwide epidemiological dataset revealed that individuals with a history of cancer have a higher risk of developing hypertension, and that this finding applies to both cancer patients who require active chemotherapy and those who do not. The results of this study confirm the importance of the novel scientific field of "onco-hypertension”.