Median Red Cell Distribution Width Research Articles

Hemogram Parameters of Children with Bell’s Palsy at the Time of Admission and Their Findings in the Follow-up

Objective: The exact cause of idiopathic facial paralysis (Bell’s palsy) is not clear. The objective of our study was to investigate the relationship between certain hemogram parameters and the clinical prognosis in pediatric patients with facial paralysis. Material and Methods: The files of patients with Bell’s palsy under the age of 18 who applied to our hospital were evaluated retrospectively. Leukocyte, neutrophil, lymphocyte, platelet count, red cell distribution width, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, platelet to lymphocyte ratio, and monocyte to lymphocyte ratio were compared between patients with Bell’s palsy and the control group. Information about their last health status recorded. Results: A total of seventeen children with Bell’s palsy and 17 control groups were included in the study. There were 7 boys (41.20%) and 10 girls (58.70%) in each group, the mean age was 11.80±4.40 (minimum 3.0-maximum 17.9) years. While the median neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio was 1.25 (0.41-7.63) in patients with Bell’s palsy and 1.40 (0.42-2.52) in the control group, the median mean platelet volume level was 9.30 fL (8.20-12.30) in patients with Bell’s palsy and 9.95 fL (9.30-11.70) in the control group, and the median red cell distribution width level was 12.75 % (11.50-26.30) in patients with Bell’s palsy and 12.70% (12.10-26.30) in the control group. None of them were statistically significant. There were six patients with Bell’s palsy with low mean platelet volume levels and no patients with low mean platelet volume levels in the control group (p=0.007). There was a positive correlation between the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-lymphocyte ratio, and monocyte-lymphocyte ratio and the recovery time of patients with Bell’s palsy. Conclusion: Bell’s palsy may show a better prognosis in girls. High neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-lymphocyte ratio, and monocyte-lymphocyte ratio may be indicators of delayed recovery, inflammation, and microvascular ischemia in Bell’s palsy.

Red Cell Distribution Width Is an Independent Predictor of 1-Year Mortality in a Turkish Patient Population with Acute Decompensated Heart Failure

Objective: Heart failure (HF) is a significant public health issue in Turkey. The goal of this study was to look into how red cell distribution width (RDW) affected patients with acute decompensated HF (ADHF) patients' prognoses. Methods: A total of 101 ADHF patients under the age of 18 were enrolled in the study. Venous blood was drawn to measure the serum rdw. After a year of follow-up, the patients' survival status was determined. Results: The patients' mean age was 72. Forty-nine patients had heart failure (HF) with a reduced ejection fraction (EF), 8 had HF with a mildly reduced EF, and 44 had HF with a preserved EF. The median RDW value was 15.9%. In the hospital, nine patients passed away, and 92 others were discharged. 14 patients were lost to follow-up after one year, 87 patients completed the trial, and 40 patients passed away. Inotropic medication use, and serum RDW value were identified as independent predictors of 1-year death in ADHF patients by multivariate logistic regression analysis. According to this data, there was a 44% increase in 1-year mortality for every 1% increase in RDW. Conclusion: In Turkish patients hospitalized for ADHF, red cell distribution width represents an independent prognostic predictor for 1-year mortality.

Association between Red Cell Distribution Width and Outcomes of Nonagenarians Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit-A Retrospective Cohort Study.

The red cell distribution width (RDW) measures the heterogeneity of the erythrocyte volume. Different clinical conditions are associated with increased RDW, and high levels (>14.5%) have been described as a predictive marker for unfavorable outcomes and mortality in critically ill patients. However, there is a lack of data on very elderly critically ill patients. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association of RDW with outcomes in critically ill patients ≥ 90 years. A retrospective analysis was conducted for all consecutive critically ill patients ≥ 90 years who were admitted to the Department of Intensive Care Medicine of the Medical University Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf (Hamburg, Germany) with available RDW on admission. Clinical course and laboratory were analyzed for all patients with eligible RDW. High RDW was defined as (>14.5%). We clinically assessed factors associated with mortality. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression analysis was performed to determine the prognostic impact of RDW on 28-day mortality. During a 12-year period, we identified 863 critically ill patients ≥ 90 years old with valid RDW values and complete clinical data. In total, 32% (n = 275) died within 28 days, and 68% (n = 579) survived for 28 days. Median RDW levels on ICU admission were significantly higher in non-survivors compared with survivors (15.6% vs. 14.8%, p < 0.001). Overall, 38% (n = 327) had low, and 62% (n = 536) had high RDW. The proportion of high RDW (>14.5%) was significantly higher in non-survivors (73% vs. 57%, p < 0.001). Patients with low RDW presented with a lower Charlson Comorbidity Index (p = 0.014), and their severity of illness on admission was lower (SAPS II: 35 vs. 38 points, p < 0.001). In total, 32% (n = 104) in the low and 35% (n = 190) in the high RDW group were mechanically ventilated (p = 0.273). The use of vasopressors (35% vs. 49%, p < 0.001) and renal replacement therapy (1% vs. 5%, p = 0.007) was significantly higher in the high RDW group. Cox regression analysis demonstrated that high RDW was significantly associated with 28-day mortality [crude HR 1.768, 95% CI (1.355-2.305); p < 0.001]. This association remained significant after adjusting for multiple confounders [adjusted HR 1.372, 95% CI (1.045-1.802); p = 0.023]. High RDW was significantly associated with mortality in critically ill patients ≥ 90 years. RDW is a useful simple parameter for risk stratification and may aid guidance for the therapy in very elderly critically ill patients.

Red cell distribution width-a potential prognostic indicator for colorectal cancer patients after radical resection in China.

Red cell distribution width (RDW) can signal poor prognosis in inflammatory medical conditions. The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between preoperative RDW and colorectal cancer (CRC) in a large cohort of patients. A total of 6,224 CRC patients who underwent radical resection at the Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center were evaluated retrospectively. The prognostic significance of RDW for overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) was analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models and Kaplan-Meier method. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used based on survival confounding factors. The mean age of the study participants was 59.5±12.0 years and the study cohort was 44% female. The overall median and mean RDW values were 13.3% and 14.0%, respectively. Patients were stratified into three groups based on their RDW value (≤13.3%, 13.4-14.0%, and >14.0%). OS and DFS were shown to significantly deteriorate with increasing RDW category. In the PSM population, OS and DFS were significantly lower in the high RDW group compared with matched controls. However, the differences vanished in the comparisons between the middle RDW group and the control group. Our findings demonstrate that preoperative RDW may represent a simple and powerful prognostic factor for CRC patients after radical resection. Integrating RDW into clinical practice may better inform the prognosis and optimize therapeutic approaches for patients with CRC.

Clinical and prognostic significance of perioperative change in red cell distribution width in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

BackgroundNumerous studies have reported the prognostic significance of the red cell distribution width (RDW) in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), but the relationship between the perioperative change in RDW (delta RDW) and survival in patients with ESCC after surgery has not been evaluated.MethodsA total of 594 patients with newly diagnosed ESCC after surgery were enrolled in the study. Delta RDW (delta RDW = Postoperative RDW–Preoperative RDW) was counted based on data within one week before surgery and two weeks after surgery. To investigate the relationship between delta RDW and overall survival (OS), the median delta RDW was chosen as the cut-off value.Results99 (16.7%) patients had pathological stage 1a-1b, 202 (34.0%) patients had pathological stage 2a-2b, and 293 (49.3%) patients had pathological stage 3a-3c.There were 179 (30.1%) patients who had vessel invasive, and 415 (69.9%) patients without vessel invasive. There were 216 (36.4%) patients with nerve infiltration, and 378 (63.6%) without nerve infiltration. In univariate analysis, five parameters including delta RDW(≥ 0.44 vs.<0.44) (P = 0.039, HR = 1.337, 95% CI = 1.014–1.762) significantly correlated with worse OS. Multivariate analysis revealed that delta RDW(≥ 0.44 vs.<0.44) was an independent prognostic marker for OS (P = 0.033, HR = 1.356, 95% CI = 1.025–1.793). Kaplan-Meier curves showed that delta RDW ≥ 0.44 was significantly associated with worse OS (P = 0.039). Subgroup analysis suggested that delta RDW ≥ 0.44 indicated worse survival in patients with ESCC exclusively in these subtypes such as female patients, age > 60 patients, patients with lymph node metastasis, and patients with vessel invasive.ConclusionsPerioperative change in red cell distribution width predicts worse survival in patients with ESCC after surgery.

Red cell distribution width and mortality in older patients with frailty in the emergency department

BackgroundThe red cell distribution width (RDW) reflects the degree of heterogeneity of red blood cells. Elevated RDW is associated both with frailty and with increased mortality in hospital-admitted patients. In this study we evaluate whether high RDW values are associated with mortality in older emergency department (ED) patients with frailty, and if the association is independent of the degree of frailty.MethodsWe included ED patients with the following criteria: ≥ 75 years of age, Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) score of 4 to 8, and RDW % measured within 48 h of ED admission. Patients were allocated to six classes by their RDW value: ≤ 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, and ≥ 18%. The outcome was death within 30 days of ED admission. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for a one-class increase in RDW for 30-day mortality were calculated via binary logistic regression analysis. Age, gender and CFS score were considered as potential confounders.ResultsA total of 1407 patients (61.2% female), were included. The median age was 85 with an inter-quartile range (IQR) of 80–89, median CFS score 6 (IQR: 5–7), and median RDW 14 (IQR: 13–16). Of the included patients, 71.9% were admitted to hospital wards. A total of 85 patients (6.0%) died during the 30-day follow-up. Mortality rate was associated with RDW increase (p for trend < .001). Crude OR for a one-class increase in RDW for 30-day mortality was 1.32 (95% CI: 1.17–1.50, p < .001). When adjusted for age, gender and CFS-score, OR of mortality for one-class RDW increase was still 1.32 (95% CI: 1.16–1.50, p < .001).ConclusionHigher RDW values had a significant association with increased 30-day mortality risk in frail older adults in the ED, and this risk was independent of degree of frailty. RDW is a readily available biomarker for most ED patients. It might be beneficial to include it in risk stratification of older frail ED patients to identify those who could benefit from further diagnostic assessment, targeted interventions, and care planning.

Red Cell Distribution Width and Its Association with Neonatal Bacteremia: A Case-Control Study

Background: Bacteremia is a major cause of prolonged hospital stay and mortality in neonates and its early diagnosis remains a challenge to pediatricians. Red cell distribution width (RDW) is a component of a complete blood count test which is accessible and inexpensive and has been reported to be a possible diagnostic marker for neonatal bacteremia. This study determined the association of RDW with neonatal bacteremia in term and preterm neonates. Methodology: This is a retrospective case-control study of 26 bacteremic neonates as cases and 104 non-bacteremic neonates, either symptomatic or with risk factors for bacteremia, as controls. Included newborns were seen between January 1, 2010 to September 30, 2021. Laboratory data obtained were CBC, C-reactive protein and blood culture. Results: RDW values between bacteremic and non-bacteremic neonates were not significantly different. There was an association between RDW and neonatal bacteremia at an RDW level of &gt; 16.1, where the likelihood of bacteremia was three times higher compared with lower RDW values. Significantly lower levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit, RBC count, WBC count, platelet count, MCH and MCHC, and a higher CRP level were seen among bacteremic neonates compared to those who were not. The median RDW for both term and preterm neonates was close to 16, with a narrow inter-quartile range at 1 and 2 for controls and cases, respectively. The range (minimum to maximum) of RDW values of bacteremic preterm neonates was more variable than those of term neonates. Using RDW to detect bacteremia, it had an equivocal discriminatory power or AUC of 0.6056. We found insufficient evidence to demonstrate a correlation between RDW and other CBC parameters, except for MCHC. For MCHC, the results suggest a very weak and indirect correlation. Conclusion: RDW was not significantly different between bacteremic and non-bacteremic neonates, but there was a suggested association between RDW and bacteremia at an RDW level of &gt; 16.1, at which level there was a 3-fold risk for bacteremia.

Baseline predictors of hematological toxicity in patients with advanced cancer treated with ATR inhibitors in phase I/II clinical trials.

3111 Background: Ongoing trials are exploring ATR inhibitors (ATRi) in genomically selected contexts. However, myelosuppression, particularly anemia, has limited the therapeutic window of this class of drugs. We sought to discover clinical biomarkers predicting severe hematological toxicity from ATRi. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed clinical parameters and peripheral blood cell indices retrieved from complete blood count (CBC) reports of patients (pts) pre- and during treatment with an oral ATRi on phase I/II trials at our center. Pts received ATRi monotherapy or in combination with a PD1 inhibitor (PD1i) or a PARP inhibitor (ATRi+PARPi) in dose-escalation and expansion cohorts, which included ATRi at potentially toxic doses. Results: 37553 indices from 2209 CBC reports of 141 pts treated with an ATRi from 10/2017 to 1/2022 were analyzed. 132 (93.6%) pts received ATRi +/- PD1i; 9 (6.4%) pts received ATRi+PARPi. The incidences of ≥ grade (G) 3 anemia, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were 47.5%, 31.9% and 11.4%. 73/141 (51.8%) pts received red cell transfusion. Baseline risk factors predicting ≥G3 anemia on univariate analysis included: lower median (med) hematocrit (Hct) (hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence interval) = 3.05 (1.82, 5.13) ≤med vs &gt; med; p &lt; 0.0001), hemoglobin (Hb) (HR = 2.74 (1.64,4.57) ≤med vs &gt; med; p = 0.0001), mean corpuscular Hb concentration (HR = 1.85 (1.11,3.10) ≤med vs &gt; med; p = 0.019); and higher median immature reticulocyte fraction (HR = 0.43 (0.25,0.71) ≤med vs &gt; med; p = 0.0012), reticulocyte count (ct) (HR = 0.59 (0.35,0.97) ≤med vs &gt; med; p = 0.037) and red cell distribution width (RDW) (HR = 0.54 (0.33,0.88) ≤med vs &gt; med; p = 0.015). On multivariate analysis, lower median Hct (HR = 3.76 (2.15, 6.6) ≤med vs &gt; med; p &lt; 0.0001), higher immature granulocyte ct (HR = 1.71 (1.30, 2.25) per 1 fold increase; p = 0.0001), higher RDW (HR = 7.83 (1.70, 36.03) per 1 fold increase; p = 0.0082) and higher ATRi starting dose (HR = 1.40 (1.05, 1.86) per 1 fold increase; p = 0.022) significantly predicted ≥G3 anemia risk. Baseline risk factors for ≥G3 neutropenia on univariate analysis included: lower median absolute neutrophil ct (ANC) (HR = 2.26 (1.18, 4.33) ≤med vs &gt; med; p = 0.015) or white blood cell ct (WBC) (HR = 2.73 (1.40, 5.33) ≤med vs &gt; med; p = 0.0032). On multivariate analysis, lower median WBC (HR = 2.85 (1.45, 5.59) ≤med vs &gt; med; p = 0.0024) was associated with higher risk of neutropenia, while ATRi+PARPi increased risk of neutropenia (ANC &lt; 0.75) (HR = 4.15 (1.40, 12.3); p = 0.01) and thrombocytopenia (HR = 3.90 (1.47, 10.4); p = 0.0064). Conclusions: ≥G3 anemia was frequent in pts receiving ATRi. At baseline, lower median Hct and higher RDW predict severe anemia, while lower WBC predicts neutropenia from ATRi. ATRi+PARPi has increased risk of neutropenia and thrombocytopenia vs ATRi +/- PD1i. These indices may inform patient selection and CBC monitoring for future ATRi trials.

Exploring red cell distribution width as a potential risk factor in emergency bowel surgery-A retrospective cohort study.

Increased preoperative red cell distribution width (RDW) is associated with higher mortality following non-cardiac surgery in patients older than 65 years. Little is known if this association holds for all adult emergency laparotomy patients and whether it affects 30-day or long-term mortality. Thus, we examined the relationship between increased RDW and postoperative mortality. Furthermore, we investigated the prognostic worth of anisocytosis and explored a possible association between increased RDW and frailty in this cohort. We conducted a retrospective, single centre National Emergency Laparotomy Audit (NELA) database study at St Mary's Hospital Imperial NHS Trust between January 2014 and April 2018. A total of 356 patients were included. Survival models were developed using Cox regression analysis, whereas RDW and frailty were analysed using multivariable logistic regression. Underlying model assumptions were checked, including discrimination and calibration. We internally validated our models using bootstrap resampling. There were 33 (9.3%) deaths within 30-days and 72 (20.2%) overall. Median RDW values for 30-day mortality were 13.8% (IQR 13.1%-15%) in survivors and 14.9% (IQR 13.7%-16.1%) in non-survivors, p = 0.007. Similarly, median RDW values were lower in overall survivors (13.7% (IQR 13%-14.7%) versus 14.9% (IQR 13.9%-15.9%) (p<0.001)). Mortality increased across quartiles of RDW, as did the proportion of frail patients. Anisocytosis was not associated with 30-day mortality but demonstrated a link with overall death rates. Increasing RDW was associated with a higher probability of frailty for 30-day (Odds ratio (OR) 4.3, 95% CI 1.22-14.43, (p = 0.01)) and overall mortality (OR 4.9, 95% CI 1.68-14.09, (p = 0.001)). We were able to show that preoperative anisocytosis is associated with greater long-term mortality after emergency laparotomy. Increasing RDW demonstrates a relationship with frailty. Given that RDW is readily available at no additional cost, future studies should prospectively validate the role of RDW in the NELA cohort nationally.

Preoperative hemoglobin-to-red cell distribution width ratio as a prognostic factor in pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma: a retrospective cohort study.

BackgroundThe hemoglobin (Hgb)/red cell distribution width (RDW) ratio (HRR) is a simple prognostic marker for small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but no data are available for pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (PLCNEC). This study aimed to assess the potential prognostic role of preoperative HRR in PLCNEC.MethodsThis single-center retrospective study included patients with PLCNEC who underwent surgery at Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital from January 2012 to August 2016. The follow-up was censored in August 2020. The participants were grouped as low/high HRR according to their optimal value calculated using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Univariable and multivariable Cox analysis were performed to identify the risk factors for overall survival (OS).ResultsA total of 80 patients with PLCNEC were included. The optimal cutoff values were 0.969 for HRR. Compared with the high HRR group, the low HRR group had a lower mean Hgb (12.1 vs. 14.1 g/dL, P<0.001), lower mean albumin-globulin ratio (AGR) (1.4 vs. 1.6, P=0.017), and higher median RDW (14.5% vs. 12.9%, P<0.001). The median OS was 30.0 months [95% confidence interval (CI): 13.4 to 46.5 months]. Participants in the low HRR group exhibited a poorer OS than those with high HRR (20.3 months, 95% CI: 14.5 to 26.1 months vs. not reached, P<0.001). The multivariable analysis showed that low HRR was significantly associated with poor OS [hazard ratio (HR) =3.16, 95% CI: 1.69 to 5.93, P<0.001].ConclusionsLow HRR is associated with poor OS in patients with PLCNEC and can be used as an inexpensive prognostic factor in patients undergoing PLCNEC resection.

The predictive role of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, platelet lymphocyte ratio, and other complete blood count parameters in eclampsia and HELLP syndrome

Background/Aim: Previous studies declared the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, and other routine complete blood count (CBC) components as sensitive preeclampsia biomarkers. We speculated that the same associations existed with eclampsia and HELLP syndrome. Methods: This retrospective case-control study was conducted on 120 pregnant women between the ages of 18 and 40 years. Forty-nine patients with HELLP syndrome, 40 patients with eclampsia/preeclampsia, and 40 healthy pregnant women were included in the study. All groups were evaluated in terms of clinical characteristics and first-trimester hematological parameters. The primary outcomes were neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and the secondary results were hemoglobin, red blood distribution width, mean platelet volume, platelet count, neutrophil count, and lymphocyte count. Results: The median gestational age was 34 weeks (ranging between 23 and 41), with a median birth weight of 2300 grams. The median NLR was 3.9 (1.3-25.1), and the median PLR was 113.6 (20.7-693). The NLR and PLR values were significantly different between the three groups (P=0.014, P=0.002, respectively). NLR was different between normotensive and eclamptic pregnant women. PLR values were higher in normotensive pregnant women than in pregnant women with a history of HELLP. The median red cell distribution width was 44.6 in normotensive women, 41.5 in women with eclampsia, and 44.3 in women with a history of HELLP (P=0.017). Conclusion: TLR value was higher in pregnant women who had eclampsia. Platelet count and MPV were significantly lower in the HELLP group.

Red Cell Distribution Width and Gallbladder Cancer: Is It Really Useful?

The data on the prognostic significance of red cell distribution width (RDW) in gallbladder cancers is sparse, especially in the potentially resectable cohort of patients. The aim was to assess the prognostic significance of RDW in gallbladder cancer patients undergoing surgery. Retrospective analysis of prospectively maintained database of gallbladder cancer patients undergoing surgery at a tertiary cancer institute from 2010 till 2018. Baseline values were collected. Patients were grouped as per the median RDW value and compared. Survival analysis was done using the Kaplan Meier method. A total of 605 patients were included. The median follow up period was 23months (range: 6-120months). The median value of RDW was 14. Comparison between RDW > 14 and RDW < 14 groups showed no difference in outcomes. RDW did not predict overall survival or recurrences. However, in combined stages II and III, a statistically significant improvement in OS and DFS (p < 0.001) was noted in the RDW < 14 group. RDW did not predict recurrence or survival in potentially resectable gallbladder cancer patients. However, in the subset of stages II and III in combination, lower RDW value was associated with better outcomes. More prospective studies are needed to conclusively establish the prognostic value of RDW.

Hypothyroidism is Strongly Correlated with Mean Platelet Volume and Red Cell Distribution Width

Abstract: Objective: Hypothyroidism is characterized with insufficient production and release of thyroid hormones, and cause a variety symptoms including cold intolerance, constipation, deceleration in movement, and hair loss. It is associated with increased inflammatory burden. Therefore, we aimed to observe red cell distribution width (RDW) and mean platelet volume (MPV) levels, novel predictors of inflammation, in patients with hypothyroidism and to compare to those in healthy subjects. Materials and Methods: The subjects with hypothyroidism that show up in internal medicine outpatient clinics of Abant Izzet Baysal University Hospital between January 2020 and January 2021 were enrolled to the retrospective study. Healthy volunteers were enrolled as control subjects. MPV and RDW of the study groups were compared. Results: The median RDW level of hypothyroid and control groups were 13.3 (10-20.7) % and 15.3 (11.8-21.3) %, respectively (p&lt;0.001). The median MPV level of hypothyroid and control groups were 10.2 (6.4-12.4) fL and 8.1 (5.4-11.5) fL, respectively (p&lt;0.001). MPV levels greater than 9.47 fL have 80% sensitivity and 72% specificity in predicting hypothyroidism (AUC: 0.66 [95% CI: 0.58-0.74]; p&lt;0.001). RDW levels greater than 13.4% have 80% sensitivity and 50% specificity in predicting hypothyroidism (AUC: 0.67 [0.82 [95% CI: 0.59-0.75]; p&lt;0.001). Conclusion: We suggest that elevated MPV and reduced RDW levels should alert physicians for hypothyroidism in otherwise healthy subjects. Keywords: Hypothyroidism, Red cell distribution width, Mean platelet volume, Inflammation, Thyroid hormones, Predictor, Retrospective study.

Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in Hemodialysis Patients

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in hemodialysis patients. We aimed to evaluate non-traditional cardiovascular risk factors: homocysteine, high sensitive C-reactive protein, oxidized LDL antibodies, phosphate, and red cell distribution width in chronic kidney disease patients under maintenance hemodialysis along with traditional cardiovascular risk factors like age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, among others. A total of 78 diagnosed chronic kidney disease patients under maintenance hemodialysis visiting a tertiary care center were included in the study, of which 59% were male. Hyperhomocysteinemia was present in 79.5% of the participants, with the median homocysteine level being 28.43 μmol/L. The median hsCRP level was 4.74 mg/L, and 59% and 24.4% of the total participants were at high and moderate cardiovascular risk respectively. The median oxidized LDL antibody level was 4235 U/mL, which is within the reference range. The median red cell distribution width was 14.05%, which is within the normal range. Left ventricular hypertrophy, a common cardiovascular disease in such patients, was found in 55.13% of the participants. Serum homocysteine level was significantly higher in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy, whereas serum C- reactive protein level was significantly lower in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy. The mean serum phosphate was 6.23 mg/dL (i.e. higher than normal) and hyperphosphatemia was seen among 76.9% of the patients. The mean age of the patients was 47.5 years, which is distinctly lower when compared to the hemodialysis patients in the Western population. The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and anemia were 95%, 18.25%, and 92.3%, respectively.

Hematological indices and abnormalities among patients with uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Kosti city of the White Nile state, Sudan: a comparative study

BackgroundHematological abnormalities are common features in falciparum malaria but vary among different populations across countries. Therefore, we compared hematological indices and abnormalities between Plasmodium falciparum-infected patients and malaria-negative subjects in Kosti city of the White Nile State, Sudan.MethodsA comparative, cross-sectional study was conducted at the Clinical Laboratory Unit of Kosti Teaching Hospital from June to December 2018. A total of 392 participants (192 P. falciparum-infected patients and 200 malaria-negative subjects) were recruited in the study. Hematological indices of hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs) and platelets were measured, and their median values were statistically compared.ResultsThe majority of P. falciparum-infected patients (67.6%) showed a low-level parasitemia. The median values of Hb concentration, RBC count, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular Hb (MCH) and mean corpuscular Hb concentration (MCHC) were significantly lower in P. falciparum-infected patients, while the median red cell distribution width (RDW) was significantly higher in the patients compared to malaria-negative subjects. Anemia, low MCV, low MCH, low MCHC and high RDW were significantly associated with falciparum malaria, but parasitemia level was not significantly associated with anemia severity. The median total WBC count was non-significantly higher in P. falciparum-infected patients, with neutropenia being significantly associated with falciparum malaria. The median platelet count was significantly lower in P. falciparum-infected patients, with thrombocytopenia being significantly associated with falciparum malaria.ConclusionsFalciparum malaria among patients in Kosti city of the White Nile State, Sudan is predominantly of low-level parasitemia. It is significantly associated with anemia, low MCV, low MCH, low MCHC, high RDW, thrombocytopenia and neutropenia. However, parasitemia level is not a significant predictor of anemia severity. On the other hand, leucopenia is not useful to predict falciparum malaria. Further large-scale studies in community and healthcare settings and inclusion of patients with complicated or severe malaria and those with high parasite densities are recommended.

A Fast and Reliable Method to Interpret Short-Term Mortality in Perforated Peptic Ulcer: Red Cell Distribution Width is Sensitive and Specific.

Introduction Peptic ulcer is an important health problem worldwide with a prevalence of around 5%. Peptic ulcer perforation is a potentially mortal complication of peptic ulcer disease. We aimed to investigate the potential use of red cell distribution width as a prognostic marker in peptic ulcer perforation. Methods The files, operation notes, biochemical and hematological parameters, and prognosis of patients who were operated for a peptic ulcer perforation were reviewed in a retrospective cohort study. The relation of red cell distribution width (RDW) to main outcome in-hospital mortality was assessed. Results The mean age of the 172 patients was 40 ± 17.89. There were 158 (92%) males and 14 (8%) females. The in-hospital mortality was 8.7% (15/172). The median RDW in the group with mortality was 15.00 (interquartile range (IQR): 14.30–17.20) compared with the median RDW in the group with no mortality as 13.2 (IQR: 12.80–14.00, p ≤ 0.001). Receiver operator characteristic curves were plotted for RDW to identify nonsurvivors and yielded a significant area under the curve as 0.812 (95% confidence interval: 0.682–0.942). The sensitivity and specificity of RDW at a cutoff value of 14.25% were calculated with an accuracy of 81.98 (95% confidence interval: 75.40–87.41) as 80.00 (51.91–95.67) and 82.17 (75.27–87.81), respectively. Conclusion Increased RDW may be of use to interpret mortality in patients with peptic ulcer perforation.

Impact of Anaemia on the Severity of Acute Bronchiolitis in Infants

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Introduction: Although anaemia is a predisposing factor in the occurrence of lower respiratory tract infections, there is limited data about the relationship between anaemia and acute bronchiolitis in infants. The aim of this study is to determine whether anaemia is an independent clinical condition increasing the severity of acute bronchiolitis in infants.&#x0D; Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on 163 infants (101 acute bronchiolitis and age and sex matched 62 controls), aged between one month to two years. According to the clinical severity of the disease, patients were divided as having mild, moderate and severe acute bronchiolitis. Haemoglobin (Hb) level was considered low when below 11 gm/dL, which is less than 2 standard deviation (SD).&#x0D; Results: Median Hb and mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) levels were significantly lower in acute bronchiolitis patients than controls {10.1 gm/dL (9.6 - 10.6 gm/dL) vs. 11.2 gm/dL (10.6 - 12.1 gm/dL); p &lt; 0.001)}, and {33.6 (32.5 - 34.1 gm/dL) vs. 34 gm/dL (33.1 - 34.5 gm/dL) p = 0.012}. Conversely, median red cell distribution width (RDW) was higher {14.4% (13.5 - 15.6%) vs. 14.1% (13.1-15%)}. When evaluated by logistic regression analysis, the risk of severe bronchiolitis increased 10 times in acute bronchiolitis patients with a Hb value ≤ 10 gm/dL. Also, there was a significant negative correlation between Hb level and bronchiolitis severity (r :- 0.423, p &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, the patients who had Hb value under 9.95 gm/dL had risk of more severe bronchiolitis with 73.7% sensitivity and 83.3% specificity than other patients.&#x0D; Conclusions: Anaemic infants are more susceptible to acute bronchiolits and as the degree of anaemia increases, they are more severely affected.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

Red cell distribution width for prognosis in patients with pulmonary embolism: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Patients with pulmonary embolism (PE) have a higher red cell distribution width (RDW), which may complicate the interpretation of the prognosis of PE. We aim to evaluate the diagnostic utility of the RDW in patients with PE. Eligible studies were identified by searching PubMed and EMBASE from inception to December 23, 2018. The data were pooled using Stata 12 to evaluate the prognostic value. The sources of heterogeneity were detected. For the analysis of prognosis, 7 studies with 2146 patients were included, with median RDW values ranging from 13.4% to 15.7% and a median cut-off point of 18.27%. A total of 247 patients (11.5% mortality) among the 2146 participants died. Overall, RDW was positively associated with the prognosis of PE in the overall analysis (HR=1.19, 95% CI=1.10-1.29, I2 =73.4%; P=0.000). Subgroup analyses by study design, sex and follow-up time indicated that they were not sources of heterogeneity. An elevated RDW has the potential to be a biomarker for prognosis in PE patients.

Association between red cell distribution width and response to methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis.

Red cell distribution width (RDW) is an unconventional biomarker of inflammation. We aimed to explore its role as a predictor of treatment response in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Eighty-two RA patients (55 females), median age [interquartile range] 63 years [52-69], were selected by scanning the medical records of a rheumatology clinic, to analyze the associations between baseline RDW, disease activity scores and inflammatory markers, as well as the relationship between RDW changes following methotrexate (MTX) and treatment response. The lower the median baseline RDW, the greater were the chances of a positive EULAR response at three months, 13.5% [13.0-14.4] being among those with good response, vs 14.0% [13.2-14.7] and 14.2% [13.5- 16.0] (p=0.009) among those with moderate and poor response, respectively. MTX treatment was followed by a significant RDW increase (p<0.0001). The increase of RDW was greater among patients with good EULAR response, becoming progressively smaller in cases with moderate and poor response (1.0% [0.4-1.4] vs. 0.7 [0.1-2.0] vs. 0.3 [-0.1-0.8]; p=0.03). RDW is a strong predictor of early response to MTX in RA. RDW significantly increases after MTX initiation in parallel to treatment response, suggesting a role as a marker of MTX effectiveness.

Hematological Parameters and Clinical Features in Patients with Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease.

Hematological parameters like red cell distribution width (RDW) and mean platelet volume (MPV) were reported to be associated with inflammation, atherosclerosis, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. In this study, we evaluated RDW and MPV along with clinical features in patients with advanced CKD. We also aimed to detect clues for causative relations concerning these parameters, renal function and comorbidities. Stage 3-5 CKD patients (627 total) were included (mean age 63.1 years, 48.3% male). Patients with malignancies, cirrhosis, infections, severe anemia, and systemic inflammation were excluded. Patients were evaluated for clinical features and grouped for comparison using median RDW and MPV. Linear regression models were generated to predict potential influences on RDW and MPV. Mean estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 27.3 mL/min/1.73m2. Mean Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) score was 5.83 ± 2.06. Patients with high RDW (n = 303) were older with higher CRP and CCI, they also had lower eGFR, hemoglobin, and albumin (P < 0.001 for all). Patients with low MPV (n = 311) had lower eGFR, and platelet counts (P = 0.015 and 0.017). eGFR was negatively correlated with RDW after adjusting for age, gender and comorbidities. In a further adjusted model RDW was associated with CRP, CCI, hemoglobin and albumin (P < 0.05 for all), not with eGFR. MPV was positively correlated with eGFR in our adjusted, and fully adjusted regression models (P = 0.003). In this study, we found that high RDW is associated with comorbidity burden, anemia, and inflammatory status in patients with advanced CKD. Meanwhile, low MPV seems to be associated with worse renal function.